1
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Luan S, Zhang L, Cheng X, Wang Y, Feng Q, Wei L, Jiang F, Liu J. The ability and optimal cutoff value of serum cell division cycle 42 in estimating major adverse cardiac event in STEMI patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention. Heart Vessels 2024; 39:277-287. [PMID: 38153423 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-023-02350-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Cell division cycle 42 (CDC42) regulates cholesterol efflux, chronic inflammation, and reendothelialization in various atherosclerotic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the correlation of serum CDC42 with myocardial injury indicators and major adverse cardiac event (MACE) in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients who were treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In 250 STEMI patients about to receive PCI, serum samples were collected at enrollment before PCI treatment, and the serum samples were also obtained from 100 healthy controls (HCs) at enrollment. Serum CDC42 was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum CDC42 was decreased (versus HCs, P < 0.001) and negatively correlated with diabetes mellitus (P = 0.017), multivessel disease (P = 0.016), cardiac troponin I (P < 0.001), creatine kinase MB (P = 0.012), stent diameter ≥ 3.5 mm (P = 0.039), white blood cell (P < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.049), and C-reactive protein (P < 0.001) in STEMI patients. Besides, 29 (11.6%) STEMI patients experienced MACE. The 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year accumulating MACE rates were 7.5%, 17.3%, and 19.3%, accordingly. Serum CDC42 was reduced in STEMI patients who experienced MACE compared to those who did not (P = 0.001). Serum CDC42 ≥ 250 pg/mL, ≥ 400 pg/mL, ≥ 700 pg/mL (cut by near integer value of 1/4th quartile, median, and 3/4th quartile) were associated with decreased accumulating MACE rates in STEMI patients (all P < 0.050). Notably, serum CDC42 ≥ 250 pg/mL (hazard ratio = 0.435, P = 0.031) was independently related to reduced accumulating MACE risk in STEMI patients. A serum CDC42 level of ≥ 250 pg/mL well predicts decreased MACE risk in STEMI patients who are treated with PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Luan
- Department of Cardiology, HanDan Central Hospital, No.15 Zhonghua Road, Handan, 056001, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, HanDan Central Hospital, No.15 Zhonghua Road, Handan, 056001, China.
| | - Xiaodan Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, HanDan Central Hospital, No.15 Zhonghua Road, Handan, 056001, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, HanDan Central Hospital, No.15 Zhonghua Road, Handan, 056001, China
| | - Qiang Feng
- Department of Cardiology, HanDan Central Hospital, No.15 Zhonghua Road, Handan, 056001, China
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- School of Environment and Health, Yanching Institute of Technology, Langfang, 065201, China
| | - Jinjun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, HanDan Central Hospital, No.15 Zhonghua Road, Handan, 056001, China
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2
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Wang M, Yan C, Li X, Yang T, Wu S, Liu Q, Luo Q, Zhou F. Non-invasive modulation of meningeal lymphatics ameliorates ageing and Alzheimer's disease-associated pathology and cognition in mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1453. [PMID: 38365740 PMCID: PMC10873306 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45656-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Meningeal lymphatic vessels (mLVs) have been shown to be involved in amyloid beta (Aβ) clearance, which is considered as a potential therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, based on the superficial spatial distribution of mLVs, a near-infrared light is employed to modulate lymphatic drainage, significantly improving cognition of both aged and AD (5xFAD and APP/PS1) mice, and alleviating AD-associated pathology by reducing Aβ deposition, neuroinflammation and neuronal damage. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy imaging and RNA sequencing data indicate amelioration of mitochondrial metabolism and cellular junction of meningeal lymphatic endothelial cells (mLECs) by light modulation. These studies collectively suggest that near-infrared light treatment can improve cognitive function by strengthening scavenging ability of mLVs through restoring mLEC function. In conclusion, lymphatic drainage potentiation by light promotes pathological remission and cognitive enhancement in aging and AD mouse models, which offers a potential amelioration strategy for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Congcong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Xi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Tianhao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Shengnan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Brain Health Intelligent Evaluation and Intervention, Ministry of Education, School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Qingming Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570100, China.
| | - Feifan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570100, China.
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3
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Feng Q, Guo J, Hou A, Guo Z, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Liu S, Cheng Z, Sun L, Meng L, Han S. The clinical role of serum cell division control 42 in coronary heart disease. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2023; 83:45-50. [PMID: 36650947 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2022.2164518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cell division control 42 (CDC42) regulates blood lipids, atherosclerosis, T cell differentiation and inflammation, which is involved in the process of coronary heart disease (CHD). This study aimed to evaluate the CDC42 level and its correlation with clinical features, the T-helper 17 (Th17)/regulatory-T (Treg) cell ratio and prognosis in CHD patients. In total, 210 CHD patients, 20 healthy controls and 20 disease controls were enrolled. Serum CDC42 levels of all participants were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In CHD patients, Th17 and Treg cells were discovered by flow cytometry; CHD patients were followed-up for a median of 16.9 months (range of 2.5-38.2 months). CDC42 level was lowest in CHD patients (median (interquartile range (IQR)): 402.5 (287.3-599.0) pg/mL), moderate in disease controls (median (IQR): 543.5 (413.0-676.3) pg/mL) and highest in healthy controls (median (IQR): 668.0 (506.5-841.3) pg/mL) (p < .001). Moreover, in CHD patients, lower CDC42 level was related to more prevalent diabetes mellitus (p = .021), and higher levels of C-reactive protein (p = .001), Gensini score (p = .006), Th17 cells (p = .001) and Th17/Treg ratio (p < .001) but was associated with lower Treg cells (p = .018). Furthermore, CDC42 low level [below the median level (402.5 pg/mL) of CDC42 in CHD patients] was correlated with higher accumulating major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) risk (p = .029), while no correlation was found between the quartile of CDC42 level and accumulating MACE risk in CHD patients (p = .102). The serum CDC42 level is decreased and its low level is related to higher Th17/Treg ratio and increased accumulating MACE risk in CHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Feng
- Department of Cardiology, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Cardiology, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Aijun Hou
- Department of Cardiology, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Zhangli Guo
- Department of Cardiology, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Yanhong Guo
- Hospital Emergency Center, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Zhijie Cheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Lixiao Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Ling Meng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Shasha Han
- Department of Emergency Medicine, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, China
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4
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Inhibition of Protein Prenylation of GTPases Alters Endothelial Barrier Function. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010002. [PMID: 31861297 PMCID: PMC6981884 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The members of Rho family of GTPases, RhoA and Rac1 regulate endothelial cytoskeleton dynamics and hence barrier integrity. The spatial activities of these GTPases are regulated by post-translational prenylation. In the present study, we investigated the effect of prenylation inhibition on the endothelial cytoskeleton and barrier properties. The study was carried out in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and protein prenylation is manipulated with various pharmacological inhibitors. Inhibition of either complete prenylation using statins or specifically geranylgeranylation but not farnesylation has a biphasic effect on HUVEC cytoskeleton and permeability. Short-term treatment inhibits the spatial activity of RhoA/Rho kinase (Rock) to actin cytoskeleton resulting in adherens junctions (AJ) stabilization and ameliorates thrombin-induced barrier disruption whereas long-term inhibition results in collapse of endothelial cytoskeleton leading to increased basal permeability. These effects are reversed by supplementing the cells with geranylgeranyl but not farnesyl pyrophosphate. Moreover, long-term inhibition of protein prenylation results in basal hyper activation of RhoA/Rock signaling that is antagonized by a specific Rock inhibitor or an activation of cAMP signaling. In conclusion, inhibition of geranylgeranylation in endothelial cells (ECs) exerts biphasic effect on endothelial barrier properties. Short-term inhibition stabilizes AJs and hence barrier function whereas long-term treatment results in disruption of barrier properties.
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Reinhard NR, Van Der Niet S, Chertkova A, Postma M, Hordijk PL, Gadella TWJ, Goedhart J. Identification of guanine nucleotide exchange factors that increase Cdc42 activity in primary human endothelial cells. Small GTPases 2019; 12:226-240. [PMID: 31469028 PMCID: PMC7939571 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2019.1658509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rho GTPase family is involved in actin dynamics and regulates the barrier function of the endothelium. One of the main barrier-promoting Rho GTPases is Cdc42, also known as cell division control protein 42 homolog. Currently, regulation of Cdc42-based signalling networks in endothelial cells (ECs) lack molecular details. To examine these, we focused on a subset of 15 Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), which are expressed in the endothelium. By performing single cell FRET measurements with Rho GTPase biosensors in primary human ECs, we monitored GEF efficiency towards Cdc42 and Rac1. A new, single cell-based analysis was developed and used to enable the quantitative comparison of cellular activities of the overexpressed full-length GEFs. Our data reveal GEF dependent activation of Cdc42, with the most efficient Cdc42 activation induced by PLEKHG2, FGD1, PLEKHG1 and PREX1 and the highest selectivity for FGD1. Additionally, we generated truncated GEF constructs that comprise only the catalytic dbl homology (DH) domain or together with the adjacent pleckstrin homology domain (DHPH). The DH domain by itself did not activate Cdc42, whereas the DHPH domain of ITSN1, ITSN2 and PLEKHG1 showed activity towards Cdc42. Together, our study characterized endothelial GEFs that may directly or indirectly activate Cdc42, which will be of great value for the field of vascular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie R Reinhard
- Molecular Cytology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne Van Der Niet
- Molecular Cytology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Chertkova
- Molecular Cytology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marten Postma
- Molecular Cytology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter L Hordijk
- Molecular Cytology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theodorus W J Gadella
- Molecular Cytology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joachim Goedhart
- Molecular Cytology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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6
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CSN5 inhibition triggers inflammatory signaling and Rho/ROCK-dependent loss of endothelial integrity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8131. [PMID: 31148579 PMCID: PMC6544660 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44595-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
RhoGTPases regulate cytoskeletal dynamics, migration and cell-cell adhesion in endothelial cells. Besides regulation at the level of guanine nucleotide binding, they also undergo post-translational modifications, for example ubiquitination. RhoGTPases are ubiquitinated by Cullin RING ligases which are in turn regulated by neddylation. Previously we showed that inhibition of Cullin RING ligase activity by the neddylation inhibitor MLN4924 is detrimental for endothelial barrier function, due to accumulation of RhoB and the consequent induction of contractility. Here we analyzed the effect of pharmacological activation of Cullin RING ligases on endothelial barrier integrity in vitro and in vivo. CSN5i-3 induced endothelial barrier disruption and increased macromolecule leakage in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, CSN5i-3 strongly induced the expression and activation of RhoB and to lesser extent of RhoA in endothelial cells, which enhanced cell contraction. Elevated expression of RhoGTPases was a consequence of activation of the NF-κB pathway. In line with this notion, CSN5i-3 treatment decreased IκBα expression and increased NF-κB-mediated ICAM-1 expression and consequent adhesion of neutrophils to endothelial cells. This study shows that sustained neddylation of Cullin RING-ligases leads to activation the NF-κB pathway in endothelial cells, elevated expression of RhoGTPases, Rho/ROCK-dependent activation of MLC and disruption of the endothelial barrier.
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7
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Pang X, Zhou X, Su S, Chen C, Wei Z, Tao Y, Liu J. Identification of Serum Biomarkers for Ischemic Penumbra by iTRAQ‐Based Quantitative Proteomics Analysis. Proteomics Clin Appl 2019; 13:e1900009. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201900009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Min Pang
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated HospitalGuangxi Medical University Nanning 530021 China
| | - Xia Zhou
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated HospitalGuangxi Medical University Nanning 530021 China
| | - Sheng‐You Su
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated HospitalGuangxi Medical University Nanning 530021 China
| | - Chun‐Yong Chen
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated HospitalGuangxi Medical University Nanning 530021 China
| | - Zhi‐Xiao Wei
- Department of Nuclear MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalGuangxi Medical University Nanning 530021 China
| | - Yi‐Feng Tao
- Department of LaboratoryThe Affiliated Tumor HospitalGuangxi Medical University Nanning 530021 China
| | - Jing‐Li Liu
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated HospitalGuangxi Medical University Nanning 530021 China
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8
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The bacterial protein CNF1 as a new strategy against Plasmodium falciparum cytoadherence. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213529. [PMID: 30845261 PMCID: PMC6405130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum severe malaria causes more than 400,000 deaths every year. One feature of P. falciparum-parasitized erythrocytes (pRBC) leading to cerebral malaria (CM), the most dangerous form of severe malaria, is cytoadherence to endothelium and blockage of the brain microvasculature. Preventing ligand-receptor interactions involved in this process could inhibit pRBC sequestration and insurgence of severe disease whilst reversing existing cytoadherence could be a saving life adjunct therapy. Increasing evidence indicate the endothelial Rho signaling as a crucial player in malaria parasite cytoadherence. Therefore, we have used the cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (CNF1), an Escherichia coli protein able to modulate the activity of Cdc42, Rac, and Rho, three subfamilies of the Rho GTPases family, to study interactions between infected erythrocytes and cerebral endothelium in co-culture models. The main results are that CNF1 not only prevents cytoadherence but, more importantly, induces the detachment of pRBCs from endothelia monolayers. We first observed that CNF1 does affect neither parasite growth, nor the morphology and concentration of knobs that characterize the parasitized erythrocyte surface, as viewed by scanning electron microscopy. On the other hand, flow cytometry experiments show that cytoadherence reversion induced by CNF1 occurs in parallel with a decreased ICAM-1 receptor expression on the cell surface, suggesting the involvement of a toxin-promoted endocytic activity in such a response. Furthermore, since the endothelial barrier functionality is compromised by P. falciparum, we conducted a permeability assay on endothelial cells, revealing the CNF1 capacity to restore the brain endothelial barrier integrity. Then, using pull-down assays and inhibitory studies, we demonstrated, for the first time, that CNF1 is able not only to prevent but also to cause the parasite detachment by simultaneously activating Rho, Rac and Cdc42 in endothelial cells. All in all our findings indicate that CNF1 may represent a potential novel therapeutic strategy for preventing neurological complications of CM.
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9
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Fischer D, Seifen C, Baer P, Jung M, Mertens C, Scheller B, Zacharowski K, Hofmann R, Maier TJ, Urbschat A. The Fibrin Cleavage Product Bβ 15-42 Channels Endothelial and Tubular Regeneration in the Post-acute Course During Murine Renal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:369. [PMID: 29755348 PMCID: PMC5934548 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Early and adequate restoration of endothelial and tubular renal function is a substantial step during regeneration after ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury, occurring, e.g., in kidney transplantation, renal surgery, and sepsis. While tubular epithelial cell injury has long been of central importance, recent perception includes the renal vascular endothelium. In this regard, the fibrin cleavage product fibrinopeptide Bβ15-42 mitigate IR injury by stabilizing interendothelial junctions through its affinity to VE-cadherin. Therefore, this study focused on the effect of Bβ15-42 on post-acute physiological renal regeneration. For this, adult male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to a 30 min bilateral renal ischemia and reperfusion for 24 h or 48 h. Animals were randomized in a non-operative control group, two operative groups each treated with i.v. administration of either saline or Bβ15-42 (2.4 mg/kg) immediately prior to reperfusion. Endothelial activation and inflammatory response was attenuated in renal tissue homogenates by single application of Bβ15-42. Meanwhile, Bβ15-42 did not affect acute kidney injury markers. Regarding the angiogenetic players VEGF-A, Angiopoietin-1, Angiopoietin-2, however, we observed significant higher expressions at mRNA and trend to higher protein level in Bβ15-42 treated mice, compared to saline treated mice after 48 h of IR, thus pointing toward an increased angiogenetic activity. Similar dynamics were observed for the intermediate filament vimentin, the cytoprotective protein klotho, stathmin and the proliferation cellular nuclear antigen, which were significantly up-regulated at the same points in time. These results suggest a beneficial effect of anatomical contiguously located endothelial cells on tubular regeneration through stabilization of endothelial integrity. Therefore, it seems that Bβ15-42 represents a novel pharmacological approach in the targeted therapy of acute renal failure in everyday clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Fischer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christopher Seifen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Patrick Baer
- Clinic of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michaela Jung
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christina Mertens
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bertram Scheller
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kai Zacharowski
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rainer Hofmann
- Clinic of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten J Maier
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anja Urbschat
- Clinic of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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10
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Lee MC, Shei W, Chan AS, Chua BT, Goh SR, Chong YF, Hilmy MH, Nongpiur ME, Baskaran M, Khor CC, Aung T, Hunziker W, Vithana EN. Primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) susceptibility gene PLEKHA7 encodes a novel Rac1/Cdc42 GAP that modulates cell migration and blood-aqueous barrier function. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:4011-4027. [PMID: 29016860 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PLEKHA7, a gene recently associated with primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG), encodes an apical junctional protein expressed in components of the blood aqueous barrier (BAB). We found that PLEKHA7 is down-regulated in lens epithelial cells and in iris tissue of PACG patients. PLEKHA7 expression also correlated with the C risk allele of the sentinel SNP rs11024102 with the risk allele carrier groups having significantly reduced PLEKHA7 levels compared to non-risk allele carriers. Silencing of PLEKHA7 in human immortalized non-pigmented ciliary epithelium (h-iNPCE) and primary trabecular meshwork cells, which are intimately linked to BAB and aqueous humor outflow respectively, affected actin cytoskeleton organization. PLEKHA7 specifically interacts with GTP-bound Rac1 and Cdc42, but not RhoA, and the activation status of the two small GTPases is linked to PLEKHA7 expression levels. PLEKHA7 stimulates Rac1 and Cdc42 GTP hydrolysis, without affecting nucleotide exchange, identifying PLEKHA7 as a novel Rac1/Cdc42 GAP. Consistent with the regulatory role of Rac1 and Cdc42 in maintaining the tight junction permeability, silencing of PLEKHA7 compromises the paracellular barrier between h-iNPCE cells. Thus, downregulation of PLEKHA7 in PACG may affect BAB integrity and aqueous humor outflow via its Rac1/Cdc42 GAP activity, thereby contributing to disease etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chin Lee
- Ocular Genetics Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore.,The Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - William Shei
- Ocular Genetics Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Anita S Chan
- The Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,Department of Glaucoma, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Boon-Tin Chua
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Shuang-Ru Goh
- The Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Yaan-Fun Chong
- The Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Maryam H Hilmy
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Monisha E Nongpiur
- Ocular Genetics Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore.,The Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Mani Baskaran
- Ocular Genetics Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore.,The Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,Department of Glaucoma, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Chiea-Chuen Khor
- Ocular Genetics Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore.,Department of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138672, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Tin Aung
- Ocular Genetics Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore.,The Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,Department of Glaucoma, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Walter Hunziker
- Ocular Genetics Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
| | - Eranga N Vithana
- Ocular Genetics Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore.,The Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
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11
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López-Posadas R, Stürzl M, Atreya I, Neurath MF, Britzen-Laurent N. Interplay of GTPases and Cytoskeleton in Cellular Barrier Defects during Gut Inflammation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1240. [PMID: 29051760 PMCID: PMC5633683 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An essential role of the intestine is to build and maintain a barrier preventing the luminal gut microbiota from invading the host. This involves two coordinated physical and immunological barriers formed by single layers of intestinal epithelial and endothelial cells, which avoid the activation of local immune responses or the systemic dissemination of microbial agents, and preserve tissue homeostasis. Accordingly, alterations of epithelial and endothelial barrier functions have been associated with gut inflammation, for example during inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The discriminative control of nutriment uptake and sealing toward potentially pathological microorganisms requires a profound regulation of para- and transcellular permeability. On the subcellular level, the cytoskeleton exerts key regulatory functions in the maintenance of cellular barriers. Increased epithelial/endothelial permeability occurs primarily as a result of a reorganization of cytoskeletal–junctional complexes. Pro-inflammatory mediators such as cytokines can induce cytoskeletal rearrangements, causing inflammation-dependent defects in gut barrier function. In this context, small GTPases of the Rho family and large GTPases from the Dynamin superfamily appear as major cellular switches regulating the interaction between intercellular junctions and actomyosin complexes, and in turn cytoskeleton plasticity. Strikingly, some of these proteins, such as RhoA or guanylate-binding protein-1 (GBP-1) have been associated with gut inflammation and IBD. In this review, we will summarize the role of small and large GTPases for cytoskeleton plasticity and epithelial/endothelial barrier in the context of gut inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Imke Atreya
- Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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12
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Ramos CJ, Antonetti DA. The role of small GTPases and EPAC-Rap signaling in the regulation of the blood-brain and blood-retinal barriers. Tissue Barriers 2017. [PMID: 28632993 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2017.1339768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance and regulation of the vascular endothelial cell junctional complex is critical for proper barrier function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the highly related blood-retinal barrier (BRB) that help maintain proper neuronal environment. Recent research has demonstrated that the junctional complex is actively maintained and can be dynamically regulated. Studies focusing on the mechanisms of barrier formation, maintenance, and barrier disruption have been of interest to understanding development of the BBB and BRB and identifying a means for therapeutic intervention for diseases ranging from brain tumors and dementia to blinding eye diseases. Research has increasingly revealed that small GTPases play a critical role in both barrier formation and disruption mechanisms. This review will summarize the current data on small GTPases in barrier regulation with an emphasis on the EPAC-Rap1 signaling pathway to Rho in endothelial barriers, as well as explore its potential involvement in paracellular flux and transcytosis regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla J Ramos
- a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI USA
| | - David A Antonetti
- a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI USA
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13
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Millar FR, Summers C, Griffiths MJ, Toshner MR, Proudfoot AG. The pulmonary endothelium in acute respiratory distress syndrome: insights and therapeutic opportunities. Thorax 2016; 71:462-73. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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14
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Haasdijk RA, Den Dekker WK, Cheng C, Tempel D, Szulcek R, Bos FL, Hermkens DMA, Chrifi I, Brandt MM, Van Dijk C, Xu YJ, Van De Kamp EHM, Blonden LAJ, Van Bezu J, Sluimer JC, Biessen EAL, Van Nieuw Amerongen GP, Duckers HJ. THSD1 preserves vascular integrity and protects against intraplaque haemorrhaging in ApoE-/- mice. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 110:129-39. [PMID: 26822228 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Impairment of the endothelial barrier leads to microvascular breakdown in cardiovascular disease and is involved in intraplaque haemorrhaging and the progression of advanced atherosclerotic lesions that are vulnerable to rupture. The exact mechanism that regulates vascular integrity requires further definition. Using a microarray screen for angiogenesis-associated genes during murine embryogenesis, we identified thrombospondin type I domain 1 (THSD1) as a new putative angiopotent factor with unknown biological function. We sought to characterize the role of THSD1 in endothelial cells during vascular development and cardiovascular disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Functional knockdown of Thsd1 in zebrafish embryos and in a murine retina vascularization model induced severe haemorrhaging without affecting neovascular growth. In human carotid endarterectomy specimens, THSD1 expression by endothelial cells was detected in advanced atherosclerotic lesions with intraplaque haemorrhaging, but was absent in stable lesions, implying involvement of THSD1 in neovascular bleeding. In vitro, stimulation with pro-atherogenic factors (3% O2 and TNFα) decreased THSD1 expression in human endothelial cells, whereas stimulation with an anti-atherogenic factor (IL10) showed opposite effect. Therapeutic evaluation in a murine advanced atherosclerosis model showed that Thsd1 overexpression decreased plaque vulnerability by attenuating intraplaque vascular leakage, subsequently reducing macrophage accumulation and necrotic core size. Mechanistic studies in human endothelial cells demonstrated that THSD1 activates FAK-PI3K, leading to Rac1-mediated actin cytoskeleton regulation of adherens junctions and focal adhesion assembly. CONCLUSION THSD1 is a new regulator of endothelial barrier function during vascular development and protects intraplaque microvessels against haemorrhaging in advanced atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remco A Haasdijk
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wijnand K Den Dekker
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Regenerative Vascular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, PO Box 85500, 3584 CX Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dennie Tempel
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Szulcek
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank L Bos
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dorien M A Hermkens
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ihsan Chrifi
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Regenerative Vascular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, PO Box 85500, 3584 CX Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten M Brandt
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Regenerative Vascular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, PO Box 85500, 3584 CX Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chris Van Dijk
- Regenerative Vascular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, PO Box 85500, 3584 CX Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yan Juan Xu
- Regenerative Vascular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, PO Box 85500, 3584 CX Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lau A J Blonden
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Van Bezu
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Judith C Sluimer
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Erik A L Biessen
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Geerten P Van Nieuw Amerongen
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henricus J Duckers
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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15
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Yang SW, Ting HC, Lo YT, Wu TY, Huang HW, Yang CJ, Chan JFR, Chuang MC, Hsu YHH. Guanine nucleotide induced conformational change of Cdc42 revealed by hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2015; 1864:42-51. [PMID: 26542736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cdc42 regulates pathways related to cell division. Dysregulation of Cdc42 can lead to cancer, cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. GTP induced activation mechanism plays an important role in the activity and biological functions of Cdc42. P-loop, Switch I and Switch II are critical regions modulating the enzymatic activity of Cdc42. We applied amide hydrogen/deuterium exchange coupled with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HDXMS) to investigate the dynamic changes of apo-Cdc42 after GDP, GTP and GMP-PCP binding. The natural substrate GTP induced significant decreases of deuteration in P-loop and Switch II, moderate changes of deuteration in Switch I and significant changes of deuteration in the α7 helix, a region far away from the active site. GTP binding induced similar effects on H/D exchange to its non-hydrolysable analog, GMP-PCP. HDXMS results indicate that GTP binding blocked the solvent accessibility in the active site leading to the decrease of H/D exchange rate surrounding the active site, and further triggered a conformational change resulting in the drastic decrease of H/D exchange rate at the remote α7 helix. Comparing the deuteration levels in three activation states of apo-Cdc42, Cdc42-GDP and Cdc42-GMP-PCP, the apo-Cdc42 has the most flexible structure, which can be stabilized by guanine nucleotide binding. The rates of H/D exchange of Cdc42-GDP are between the GMP-PCP-bound and the apo form, but more closely to the GMP-PCP-bound form. Our results show that the activation of Cdc42 is a process of conformational changes involved with P-loop, Switch II and α7 helix for structural stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Wei Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chi Ting
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Lo
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yuan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Yang
- Department of Materials Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Yuan-Hao Howard Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan; Life Science Research Center, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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16
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Barry DM, Xu K, Meadows SM, Zheng Y, Norden PR, Davis GE, Cleaver O. Cdc42 is required for cytoskeletal support of endothelial cell adhesion during blood vessel formation in mice. Development 2015; 142:3058-70. [PMID: 26253403 DOI: 10.1242/dev.125260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Rho family of small GTPases has been shown to be required in endothelial cells (ECs) during blood vessel formation. However, the underlying cellular events controlled by different GTPases remain unclear. Here, we assess the cellular mechanisms by which Cdc42 regulates mammalian vascular morphogenesis and maintenance. In vivo deletion of Cdc42 in embryonic ECs (Cdc42(Tie2KO)) results in blocked lumen formation and endothelial tearing, leading to lethality of mutant embryos by E9-10 due to failed blood circulation. Similarly, inducible deletion of Cdc42 (Cdc42(Cad5KO)) at mid-gestation blocks angiogenic tubulogenesis. By contrast, deletion of Cdc42 in postnatal retinal vessels leads to aberrant vascular remodeling and sprouting, as well as markedly reduced filopodia formation. We find that Cdc42 is essential for organization of EC adhesion, as its loss results in disorganized cell-cell junctions and reduced focal adhesions. Endothelial polarity is also rapidly lost upon Cdc42 deletion, as seen by failed localization of apical podocalyxin (PODXL) and basal actin. We link observed failures to a defect in F-actin organization, both in vitro and in vivo, which secondarily impairs EC adhesion and polarity. We also identify Cdc42 effectors Pak2/4 and N-WASP, as well as the actomyosin machinery, to be crucial for EC actin organization. This work supports the notion of Cdc42 as a central regulator of the cellular machinery in ECs that drives blood vessel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Barry
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ke Xu
- Department SCRB, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Stryder M Meadows
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, 2000 Percival Stern Hall, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Yi Zheng
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children's Hospital Research Foundation, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Pieter R Norden
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - George E Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Ondine Cleaver
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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17
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Urbschat A, Rupprecht K, Zacharowski K, Obermüller N, Scheller B, Holfeld J, Tepeköylü C, Hofmann R, Paulus P. Combined peri-ischemic administration of Bβ15-42 in treating ischemia reperfusion injury of the mouse kidney. Microvasc Res 2015; 101:48-54. [PMID: 26116861 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The disruption of endothelial integrity is a crucial step for the development of vascular leakage and consequently ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Regarding the molecular cell-cell interaction, the fibrinopeptide Bβ15-42 prevents vascular leakage by stabilizing the inter-endothelial junctions via association with the vascular endothelial-cadherin. In a previous study we showed that a renoprotective effect in early IRI may be achieved by intravenous administration of Bβ15-42 at the time of reperfusion. We now aimed to investigate whether additional pre-ischemic application of Bβ15-42 could enhance this effect. Therefore C57BL/6 mice were subjected to 0.5h bilateral renal ischemia followed by reperfusion. The animals were randomized into 6 groups (n=6): two control groups treated with i.v. administration of NaCl at reperfusion for 0.5h (NaCl 1h) and 2.5h (NaCl 3h), two groups with Bβ15-42 at reperfusion for 0.5h (Bβ(rep) 1h) and 2.5h (Bβ(rep) 3h), and two groups with administration of Bβ15-42 immediately pre-ischemic as well as at reperfusion for 0.5h (Bβ(peri) 1h) and 2.5h (Bβ(peri) 3h). We found that both Bβ(rep) and Bβ(peri) mice displayed reduced early renal damage compared with NaCl treated mice. However, there was no further reduction of the IR damage through added pre-ischemic application of Bβ15-42. Overall, we detected significantly reduced endothelial activation, lower tissue infiltration of neutrophils as well as lower tissue levels of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in all mice treated with Bβ15-42 compared to mice treated with NaCl. Our data confirm the renoprotective effect of Bβ15-42 in the early therapeutic treatment of acute kidney injury due to ischemia and reperfusion. However, a combined pre-and post-ischemic administration of Bβ15-42 appears to provide no additional benefit compared with a sole administration at reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Urbschat
- Department of Urology and Paediatric Urology, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany.
| | - Katrin Rupprecht
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kai Zacharowski
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nicholas Obermüller
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Center of Nephrology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bertram Scheller
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Johannes Holfeld
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Can Tepeköylü
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rainer Hofmann
- Department of Urology and Paediatric Urology, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Paulus
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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18
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Gibson CC, Zhu W, Davis CT, Bowman-Kirigin JA, Chan AC, Ling J, Walker AE, Goitre L, Delle Monache S, Retta SF, Shiu YTE, Grossmann AH, Thomas KR, Donato AJ, Lesniewski LA, Whitehead KJ, Li DY. Strategy for identifying repurposed drugs for the treatment of cerebral cavernous malformation. Circulation 2014; 131:289-99. [PMID: 25486933 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.010403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a hemorrhagic stroke disease affecting up to 0.5% of North Americans that has no approved nonsurgical treatment. A subset of patients have a hereditary form of the disease due primarily to loss-of-function mutations in KRIT1, CCM2, or PDCD10. We sought to identify known drugs that could be repurposed to treat CCM. METHODS AND RESULTS We developed an unbiased screening platform based on both cellular and animal models of loss of function of CCM2. Our discovery strategy consisted of 4 steps: an automated immunofluorescence and machine-learning-based primary screen of structural phenotypes in human endothelial cells deficient in CCM2, a secondary screen of functional changes in endothelial stability in these same cells, a rapid in vivo tertiary screen of dermal microvascular leak in mice lacking endothelial Ccm2, and finally a quaternary screen of CCM lesion burden in these same mice. We screened 2100 known drugs and bioactive compounds and identified 2 candidates, cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) and tempol (a scavenger of superoxide), for further study. Each drug decreased lesion burden in a mouse model of CCM vascular disease by ≈50%. CONCLUSIONS By identifying known drugs as potential therapeutics for CCM, we have decreased the time, cost, and risk of bringing treatments to patients. Each drug also prompts additional exploration of biomarkers of CCM disease. We further suggest that the structure-function screening platform presented here may be adapted and scaled to facilitate drug discovery for diverse loss-of-function genetic vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Gibson
- From the Program in Molecular Medicine (C.C.G., W.Z., C.T.D., J.A.B.-K., A.C.C., J.L., A.H.G., K.R.T., K.J.W., D.Y.L.), Department of Bioengineering (C.C.G., Y.-T.E.S.), Department of Medicine (C.C.G., W.Z., K.R.T., D.Y.L.), Department of Human Genetics (C.T.D.), Department of Oncological Sciences (A.C.C., D.Y.L.), Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine (A.E.W., A.J.D., L.A.L.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (Y.-T.E.S.), Department of Pathology (A.H.G.), Division of Cardiology, and Department of Medicine (K.J.W., D.Y.L.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Recursion Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Salt Lake City, UT (C.C.G., D.Y.L.); CCM Italia, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, Torino, Italy (L.G., S.F.R.); CCM Italia, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy (S.D.M.); Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (A.J.D., L.A.L.); The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (D.Y.L.); and Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT (K.J.W., O.Y.L.)
| | - Weiquan Zhu
- From the Program in Molecular Medicine (C.C.G., W.Z., C.T.D., J.A.B.-K., A.C.C., J.L., A.H.G., K.R.T., K.J.W., D.Y.L.), Department of Bioengineering (C.C.G., Y.-T.E.S.), Department of Medicine (C.C.G., W.Z., K.R.T., D.Y.L.), Department of Human Genetics (C.T.D.), Department of Oncological Sciences (A.C.C., D.Y.L.), Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine (A.E.W., A.J.D., L.A.L.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (Y.-T.E.S.), Department of Pathology (A.H.G.), Division of Cardiology, and Department of Medicine (K.J.W., D.Y.L.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Recursion Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Salt Lake City, UT (C.C.G., D.Y.L.); CCM Italia, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, Torino, Italy (L.G., S.F.R.); CCM Italia, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy (S.D.M.); Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (A.J.D., L.A.L.); The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (D.Y.L.); and Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT (K.J.W., O.Y.L.)
| | - Chadwick T Davis
- From the Program in Molecular Medicine (C.C.G., W.Z., C.T.D., J.A.B.-K., A.C.C., J.L., A.H.G., K.R.T., K.J.W., D.Y.L.), Department of Bioengineering (C.C.G., Y.-T.E.S.), Department of Medicine (C.C.G., W.Z., K.R.T., D.Y.L.), Department of Human Genetics (C.T.D.), Department of Oncological Sciences (A.C.C., D.Y.L.), Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine (A.E.W., A.J.D., L.A.L.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (Y.-T.E.S.), Department of Pathology (A.H.G.), Division of Cardiology, and Department of Medicine (K.J.W., D.Y.L.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Recursion Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Salt Lake City, UT (C.C.G., D.Y.L.); CCM Italia, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, Torino, Italy (L.G., S.F.R.); CCM Italia, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy (S.D.M.); Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (A.J.D., L.A.L.); The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (D.Y.L.); and Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT (K.J.W., O.Y.L.)
| | - Jay A Bowman-Kirigin
- From the Program in Molecular Medicine (C.C.G., W.Z., C.T.D., J.A.B.-K., A.C.C., J.L., A.H.G., K.R.T., K.J.W., D.Y.L.), Department of Bioengineering (C.C.G., Y.-T.E.S.), Department of Medicine (C.C.G., W.Z., K.R.T., D.Y.L.), Department of Human Genetics (C.T.D.), Department of Oncological Sciences (A.C.C., D.Y.L.), Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine (A.E.W., A.J.D., L.A.L.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (Y.-T.E.S.), Department of Pathology (A.H.G.), Division of Cardiology, and Department of Medicine (K.J.W., D.Y.L.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Recursion Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Salt Lake City, UT (C.C.G., D.Y.L.); CCM Italia, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, Torino, Italy (L.G., S.F.R.); CCM Italia, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy (S.D.M.); Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (A.J.D., L.A.L.); The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (D.Y.L.); and Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT (K.J.W., O.Y.L.)
| | - Aubrey C Chan
- From the Program in Molecular Medicine (C.C.G., W.Z., C.T.D., J.A.B.-K., A.C.C., J.L., A.H.G., K.R.T., K.J.W., D.Y.L.), Department of Bioengineering (C.C.G., Y.-T.E.S.), Department of Medicine (C.C.G., W.Z., K.R.T., D.Y.L.), Department of Human Genetics (C.T.D.), Department of Oncological Sciences (A.C.C., D.Y.L.), Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine (A.E.W., A.J.D., L.A.L.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (Y.-T.E.S.), Department of Pathology (A.H.G.), Division of Cardiology, and Department of Medicine (K.J.W., D.Y.L.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Recursion Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Salt Lake City, UT (C.C.G., D.Y.L.); CCM Italia, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, Torino, Italy (L.G., S.F.R.); CCM Italia, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy (S.D.M.); Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (A.J.D., L.A.L.); The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (D.Y.L.); and Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT (K.J.W., O.Y.L.)
| | - Jing Ling
- From the Program in Molecular Medicine (C.C.G., W.Z., C.T.D., J.A.B.-K., A.C.C., J.L., A.H.G., K.R.T., K.J.W., D.Y.L.), Department of Bioengineering (C.C.G., Y.-T.E.S.), Department of Medicine (C.C.G., W.Z., K.R.T., D.Y.L.), Department of Human Genetics (C.T.D.), Department of Oncological Sciences (A.C.C., D.Y.L.), Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine (A.E.W., A.J.D., L.A.L.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (Y.-T.E.S.), Department of Pathology (A.H.G.), Division of Cardiology, and Department of Medicine (K.J.W., D.Y.L.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Recursion Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Salt Lake City, UT (C.C.G., D.Y.L.); CCM Italia, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, Torino, Italy (L.G., S.F.R.); CCM Italia, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy (S.D.M.); Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (A.J.D., L.A.L.); The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (D.Y.L.); and Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT (K.J.W., O.Y.L.)
| | - Ashley E Walker
- From the Program in Molecular Medicine (C.C.G., W.Z., C.T.D., J.A.B.-K., A.C.C., J.L., A.H.G., K.R.T., K.J.W., D.Y.L.), Department of Bioengineering (C.C.G., Y.-T.E.S.), Department of Medicine (C.C.G., W.Z., K.R.T., D.Y.L.), Department of Human Genetics (C.T.D.), Department of Oncological Sciences (A.C.C., D.Y.L.), Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine (A.E.W., A.J.D., L.A.L.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (Y.-T.E.S.), Department of Pathology (A.H.G.), Division of Cardiology, and Department of Medicine (K.J.W., D.Y.L.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Recursion Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Salt Lake City, UT (C.C.G., D.Y.L.); CCM Italia, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, Torino, Italy (L.G., S.F.R.); CCM Italia, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy (S.D.M.); Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (A.J.D., L.A.L.); The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (D.Y.L.); and Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT (K.J.W., O.Y.L.)
| | - Luca Goitre
- From the Program in Molecular Medicine (C.C.G., W.Z., C.T.D., J.A.B.-K., A.C.C., J.L., A.H.G., K.R.T., K.J.W., D.Y.L.), Department of Bioengineering (C.C.G., Y.-T.E.S.), Department of Medicine (C.C.G., W.Z., K.R.T., D.Y.L.), Department of Human Genetics (C.T.D.), Department of Oncological Sciences (A.C.C., D.Y.L.), Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine (A.E.W., A.J.D., L.A.L.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (Y.-T.E.S.), Department of Pathology (A.H.G.), Division of Cardiology, and Department of Medicine (K.J.W., D.Y.L.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Recursion Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Salt Lake City, UT (C.C.G., D.Y.L.); CCM Italia, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, Torino, Italy (L.G., S.F.R.); CCM Italia, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy (S.D.M.); Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (A.J.D., L.A.L.); The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (D.Y.L.); and Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT (K.J.W., O.Y.L.)
| | - Simona Delle Monache
- From the Program in Molecular Medicine (C.C.G., W.Z., C.T.D., J.A.B.-K., A.C.C., J.L., A.H.G., K.R.T., K.J.W., D.Y.L.), Department of Bioengineering (C.C.G., Y.-T.E.S.), Department of Medicine (C.C.G., W.Z., K.R.T., D.Y.L.), Department of Human Genetics (C.T.D.), Department of Oncological Sciences (A.C.C., D.Y.L.), Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine (A.E.W., A.J.D., L.A.L.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (Y.-T.E.S.), Department of Pathology (A.H.G.), Division of Cardiology, and Department of Medicine (K.J.W., D.Y.L.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Recursion Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Salt Lake City, UT (C.C.G., D.Y.L.); CCM Italia, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, Torino, Italy (L.G., S.F.R.); CCM Italia, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy (S.D.M.); Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (A.J.D., L.A.L.); The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (D.Y.L.); and Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT (K.J.W., O.Y.L.)
| | - Saverio Francesco Retta
- From the Program in Molecular Medicine (C.C.G., W.Z., C.T.D., J.A.B.-K., A.C.C., J.L., A.H.G., K.R.T., K.J.W., D.Y.L.), Department of Bioengineering (C.C.G., Y.-T.E.S.), Department of Medicine (C.C.G., W.Z., K.R.T., D.Y.L.), Department of Human Genetics (C.T.D.), Department of Oncological Sciences (A.C.C., D.Y.L.), Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine (A.E.W., A.J.D., L.A.L.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (Y.-T.E.S.), Department of Pathology (A.H.G.), Division of Cardiology, and Department of Medicine (K.J.W., D.Y.L.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Recursion Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Salt Lake City, UT (C.C.G., D.Y.L.); CCM Italia, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, Torino, Italy (L.G., S.F.R.); CCM Italia, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy (S.D.M.); Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (A.J.D., L.A.L.); The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (D.Y.L.); and Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT (K.J.W., O.Y.L.)
| | - Yan-Ting E Shiu
- From the Program in Molecular Medicine (C.C.G., W.Z., C.T.D., J.A.B.-K., A.C.C., J.L., A.H.G., K.R.T., K.J.W., D.Y.L.), Department of Bioengineering (C.C.G., Y.-T.E.S.), Department of Medicine (C.C.G., W.Z., K.R.T., D.Y.L.), Department of Human Genetics (C.T.D.), Department of Oncological Sciences (A.C.C., D.Y.L.), Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine (A.E.W., A.J.D., L.A.L.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (Y.-T.E.S.), Department of Pathology (A.H.G.), Division of Cardiology, and Department of Medicine (K.J.W., D.Y.L.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Recursion Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Salt Lake City, UT (C.C.G., D.Y.L.); CCM Italia, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, Torino, Italy (L.G., S.F.R.); CCM Italia, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy (S.D.M.); Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (A.J.D., L.A.L.); The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (D.Y.L.); and Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT (K.J.W., O.Y.L.)
| | - Allie H Grossmann
- From the Program in Molecular Medicine (C.C.G., W.Z., C.T.D., J.A.B.-K., A.C.C., J.L., A.H.G., K.R.T., K.J.W., D.Y.L.), Department of Bioengineering (C.C.G., Y.-T.E.S.), Department of Medicine (C.C.G., W.Z., K.R.T., D.Y.L.), Department of Human Genetics (C.T.D.), Department of Oncological Sciences (A.C.C., D.Y.L.), Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine (A.E.W., A.J.D., L.A.L.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (Y.-T.E.S.), Department of Pathology (A.H.G.), Division of Cardiology, and Department of Medicine (K.J.W., D.Y.L.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Recursion Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Salt Lake City, UT (C.C.G., D.Y.L.); CCM Italia, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, Torino, Italy (L.G., S.F.R.); CCM Italia, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy (S.D.M.); Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (A.J.D., L.A.L.); The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (D.Y.L.); and Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT (K.J.W., O.Y.L.)
| | - Kirk R Thomas
- From the Program in Molecular Medicine (C.C.G., W.Z., C.T.D., J.A.B.-K., A.C.C., J.L., A.H.G., K.R.T., K.J.W., D.Y.L.), Department of Bioengineering (C.C.G., Y.-T.E.S.), Department of Medicine (C.C.G., W.Z., K.R.T., D.Y.L.), Department of Human Genetics (C.T.D.), Department of Oncological Sciences (A.C.C., D.Y.L.), Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine (A.E.W., A.J.D., L.A.L.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (Y.-T.E.S.), Department of Pathology (A.H.G.), Division of Cardiology, and Department of Medicine (K.J.W., D.Y.L.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Recursion Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Salt Lake City, UT (C.C.G., D.Y.L.); CCM Italia, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, Torino, Italy (L.G., S.F.R.); CCM Italia, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy (S.D.M.); Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (A.J.D., L.A.L.); The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (D.Y.L.); and Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT (K.J.W., O.Y.L.)
| | - Anthony J Donato
- From the Program in Molecular Medicine (C.C.G., W.Z., C.T.D., J.A.B.-K., A.C.C., J.L., A.H.G., K.R.T., K.J.W., D.Y.L.), Department of Bioengineering (C.C.G., Y.-T.E.S.), Department of Medicine (C.C.G., W.Z., K.R.T., D.Y.L.), Department of Human Genetics (C.T.D.), Department of Oncological Sciences (A.C.C., D.Y.L.), Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine (A.E.W., A.J.D., L.A.L.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (Y.-T.E.S.), Department of Pathology (A.H.G.), Division of Cardiology, and Department of Medicine (K.J.W., D.Y.L.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Recursion Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Salt Lake City, UT (C.C.G., D.Y.L.); CCM Italia, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, Torino, Italy (L.G., S.F.R.); CCM Italia, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy (S.D.M.); Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (A.J.D., L.A.L.); The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (D.Y.L.); and Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT (K.J.W., O.Y.L.)
| | - Lisa A Lesniewski
- From the Program in Molecular Medicine (C.C.G., W.Z., C.T.D., J.A.B.-K., A.C.C., J.L., A.H.G., K.R.T., K.J.W., D.Y.L.), Department of Bioengineering (C.C.G., Y.-T.E.S.), Department of Medicine (C.C.G., W.Z., K.R.T., D.Y.L.), Department of Human Genetics (C.T.D.), Department of Oncological Sciences (A.C.C., D.Y.L.), Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine (A.E.W., A.J.D., L.A.L.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (Y.-T.E.S.), Department of Pathology (A.H.G.), Division of Cardiology, and Department of Medicine (K.J.W., D.Y.L.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Recursion Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Salt Lake City, UT (C.C.G., D.Y.L.); CCM Italia, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, Torino, Italy (L.G., S.F.R.); CCM Italia, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy (S.D.M.); Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (A.J.D., L.A.L.); The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (D.Y.L.); and Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT (K.J.W., O.Y.L.)
| | - Kevin J Whitehead
- From the Program in Molecular Medicine (C.C.G., W.Z., C.T.D., J.A.B.-K., A.C.C., J.L., A.H.G., K.R.T., K.J.W., D.Y.L.), Department of Bioengineering (C.C.G., Y.-T.E.S.), Department of Medicine (C.C.G., W.Z., K.R.T., D.Y.L.), Department of Human Genetics (C.T.D.), Department of Oncological Sciences (A.C.C., D.Y.L.), Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine (A.E.W., A.J.D., L.A.L.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (Y.-T.E.S.), Department of Pathology (A.H.G.), Division of Cardiology, and Department of Medicine (K.J.W., D.Y.L.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Recursion Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Salt Lake City, UT (C.C.G., D.Y.L.); CCM Italia, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, Torino, Italy (L.G., S.F.R.); CCM Italia, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy (S.D.M.); Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (A.J.D., L.A.L.); The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (D.Y.L.); and Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT (K.J.W., O.Y.L.)
| | - Dean Y Li
- From the Program in Molecular Medicine (C.C.G., W.Z., C.T.D., J.A.B.-K., A.C.C., J.L., A.H.G., K.R.T., K.J.W., D.Y.L.), Department of Bioengineering (C.C.G., Y.-T.E.S.), Department of Medicine (C.C.G., W.Z., K.R.T., D.Y.L.), Department of Human Genetics (C.T.D.), Department of Oncological Sciences (A.C.C., D.Y.L.), Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine (A.E.W., A.J.D., L.A.L.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (Y.-T.E.S.), Department of Pathology (A.H.G.), Division of Cardiology, and Department of Medicine (K.J.W., D.Y.L.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Recursion Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Salt Lake City, UT (C.C.G., D.Y.L.); CCM Italia, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, Torino, Italy (L.G., S.F.R.); CCM Italia, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy (S.D.M.); Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (A.J.D., L.A.L.); The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (D.Y.L.); and Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT (K.J.W., O.Y.L.).
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A global proteome approach in uric acid stimulated human aortic endothelial cells revealed regulation of multiple major cellular pathways. Int J Cardiol 2014; 176:746-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.07.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Posada-Duque RA, Barreto GE, Cardona-Gomez GP. Protection after stroke: cellular effectors of neurovascular unit integrity. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:231. [PMID: 25177270 PMCID: PMC4132372 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders are prevalent worldwide. Cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs), which account for 55% of all neurological diseases, are the leading cause of permanent disability, cognitive and motor disorders and dementia. Stroke affects the function and structure of blood-brain barrier, the loss of cerebral blood flow regulation, oxidative stress, inflammation and the loss of neural connections. Currently, no gold standard treatments are available outside the acute therapeutic window to improve outcome in stroke patients. Some promising candidate targets have been identified for the improvement of long-term recovery after stroke, such as Rho GTPases, cell adhesion proteins, kinases, and phosphatases. Previous studies by our lab indicated that Rho GTPases (Rac and RhoA) are involved in both tissue damage and survival, as these proteins are essential for the morphology and movement of neurons, astrocytes and endothelial cells, thus playing a critical role in the balance between cell survival and death. Treatment with a pharmacological inhibitor of RhoA/ROCK blocks the activation of the neurodegeneration cascade. In addition, Rac and synaptic adhesion proteins (p120 catenin and N-catenin) play critical roles in protection against cerebral infarction and in recovery by supporting the neurovascular unit and cytoskeletal remodeling activity to maintain the integrity of the brain parenchyma. Interestingly, neuroprotective agents, such as atorvastatin, and CDK5 silencing after cerebral ischemia and in a glutamate-induced excitotoxicity model may act on the same cellular effectors to recover neurovascular unit integrity. Therefore, future efforts must focus on individually targeting the structural and functional roles of each effector of neurovascular unit and the interactions in neural and non-neural cells in the post-ischemic brain and address how to promote the recovery or prevent the loss of homeostasis in the short, medium and long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Andres Posada-Duque
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Group of Neuroscience of Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, Sede de Investigación Universitaria (SIU), University of Antioquia UdeA Medellín, Colombia
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Gloria Patricia Cardona-Gomez
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Group of Neuroscience of Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, Sede de Investigación Universitaria (SIU), University of Antioquia UdeA Medellín, Colombia
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Amado-Azevedo J, Valent ET, Van Nieuw Amerongen GP. Regulation of the endothelial barrier function: a filum granum of cellular forces, Rho-GTPase signaling and microenvironment. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 355:557-76. [PMID: 24633925 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1828-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although the endothelium is an extremely thin single-cell layer, it performs exceedingly well in preventing blood fluids from leaking into the surrounding tissues. However, specific pathological conditions can affect this cell layer, compromising the integrity of the barrier. Vascular leakage is a hallmark of many cardiovascular diseases and despite its medical importance, no specialized therapies are available to prevent it or reduce it. Small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) of the Rho family are known to be key regulators of various aspects of cell behavior and studies have shown that they can exert both positive and negative effects on endothelial barrier integrity. Moreover, extracellular matrix stiffness has now been implicated in the regulation of Rho-GTPase signaling, which has a direct impact on the integrity of endothelial junctions. However, knowledge about both the precise mechanism of this regulation and the individual contribution of the specific regulatory proteins remains fragmentary. In this review, we discuss recent findings concerning the balanced activities of Rho-GTPases and, in particular, aspects of the regulation of the endothelial barrier. We highlight the role of Rho-GTPases in the intimate relationships between biomechanical forces, microenvironmental influences and endothelial intercellular junctions, which are all interwoven in a beautiful filigree-like fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Amado-Azevedo
- Laboratory for Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Van den Boechorststraat 7, 1081BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Urbschat A, Zacharowski K, Obermüller N, Rupprecht K, Penzkofer D, Jennewein C, Tran N, Scheller B, Dimmeler S, Paulus P. The small fibrinopeptide Bβ15-42 as renoprotective agent preserving the endothelial and vascular integrity in early ischemia reperfusion injury in the mouse kidney. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84432. [PMID: 24392138 PMCID: PMC3879329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the renal endothelial integrity is pivotal for the development of a vascular leak, tissue edema and consequently acute kidney injury. Kidney ischemia amplifies endothelial activation and up-regulation of pro-inflammatory mechanisms. After restoring a sufficient blood flow, the kidney is damaged through complex pathomechanisms that are classically referred to as ischemia and reperfusion injury, where the disruption of the inter-endothelial connections seems to be a crucial step in this pathomechanism. Focusing on the molecular cell-cell interaction, the fibrinopeptide Bβ15–42 prevents vascular leakage by stabilizing these inter-endothelial junctions. The peptide associates with vascular endothelial-cadherin, thus preventing early kidney dysfunction by preserving blood perfusion efficacy, edema formation and thus organ dysfunction. We intended to demonstrate the early therapeutic benefit of intravenously administered Bβ15–42 in a mouse model of renal ischemia and reperfusion. After 30 minutes of ischemia, the fibrinopeptide Bβ15–42 was administered intravenously before reperfusion was commenced for 1 and 3 hours. We show that Bβ15–42 alleviates early functional and morphological kidney damage as soon as 1 h and 3 h after ischemia and reperfusion. Mice treated with Bβ15–42 displayed a significantly reduced loss of VE-cadherin, indicating a conserved endothelial barrier leading to less neutrophil infiltration which in turn resulted in significantly reduced structural renal damage. The significant reduction in tissue and serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels reinforced our findings. Moreover, renal perfusion analysis by color duplex sonography revealed that Bβ15–42 treatment preserved resistive indices and even improved blood velocity. Our data demonstrate the efficacy of early therapeutic intervention using the fibrinopeptide Bβ15–42 in the treatment of acute kidney injury resulting from ischemia and reperfusion. In this context Bβ15–42 may act as a potent renoprotective agent by preserving the endothelial and vascular integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Urbschat
- Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Kai Zacharowski
- Clinic of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nicholas Obermüller
- Clinic of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katrin Rupprecht
- Clinic of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Daniela Penzkofer
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Carla Jennewein
- Clinic of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nguyen Tran
- Clinic of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bertram Scheller
- Clinic of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Patrick Paulus
- Clinic of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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23
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Abstract
Increased endothelial permeability and reduction of alveolar liquid clearance capacity are two leading pathogenic mechanisms of pulmonary edema, which is a major complication of acute lung injury, severe pneumonia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome, the pathologies characterized by unacceptably high rates of morbidity and mortality. Besides the success in protective ventilation strategies, no efficient pharmacological approaches exist to treat this devastating condition. Understanding of fundamental mechanisms involved in regulation of endothelial permeability is essential for development of barrier protective therapeutic strategies. Ongoing studies characterized specific barrier protective mechanisms and identified intracellular targets directly involved in regulation of endothelial permeability. Growing evidence suggests that, although each protective agonist triggers a unique pattern of signaling pathways, selected common mechanisms contributing to endothelial barrier protection may be shared by different barrier protective agents. Therefore, understanding of basic barrier protective mechanisms in pulmonary endothelium is essential for selection of optimal treatment of pulmonary edema of different etiology. This article focuses on mechanisms of lung vascular permeability, reviews major intracellular signaling cascades involved in endothelial monolayer barrier preservation and summarizes a current knowledge regarding recently identified compounds which either reduce pulmonary endothelial barrier disruption and hyperpermeability, or reverse preexisting lung vascular barrier compromise induced by pathologic insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin G Birukov
- Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Loirand G, Sauzeau V, Pacaud P. Small G Proteins in the Cardiovascular System: Physiological and Pathological Aspects. Physiol Rev 2013; 93:1659-720. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00021.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Small G proteins exist in eukaryotes from yeast to human and constitute the Ras superfamily comprising more than 100 members. This superfamily is structurally classified into five families: the Ras, Rho, Rab, Arf, and Ran families that control a wide variety of cell and biological functions through highly coordinated regulation processes. Increasing evidence has accumulated to identify small G proteins and their regulators as key players of the cardiovascular physiology that control a large panel of cardiac (heart rhythm, contraction, hypertrophy) and vascular functions (angiogenesis, vascular permeability, vasoconstriction). Indeed, basal Ras protein activity is required for homeostatic functions in physiological conditions, but sustained overactivation of Ras proteins or spatiotemporal dysregulation of Ras signaling pathways has pathological consequences in the cardiovascular system. The primary object of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current progress in our understanding of the role of small G proteins and their regulators in cardiovascular physiology and pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gervaise Loirand
- INSERM, UMR S1087; University of Nantes; and CHU Nantes, l'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Vincent Sauzeau
- INSERM, UMR S1087; University of Nantes; and CHU Nantes, l'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Pierre Pacaud
- INSERM, UMR S1087; University of Nantes; and CHU Nantes, l'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
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Ando K, Fukuhara S, Moriya T, Obara Y, Nakahata N, Mochizuki N. Rap1 potentiates endothelial cell junctions by spatially controlling myosin II activity and actin organization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 202:901-16. [PMID: 24019534 PMCID: PMC3776352 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201301115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton is responsible for dynamic regulation of endothelial cell (EC) barrier function. Circumferential actin bundles (CAB) promote formation of linear adherens junctions (AJs) and tightening of EC junctions, whereas formation of radial stress fibers (RSF) connected to punctate AJs occurs during junction remodeling. The small GTPase Rap1 induces CAB formation to potentiate EC junctions; however, the mechanism underlying Rap1-induced CAB formation remains unknown. Here, we show that myotonic dystrophy kinase-related CDC42-binding kinase (MRCK)-mediated activation of non-muscle myosin II (NM-II) at cell-cell contacts is essential for Rap1-induced CAB formation. Our data suggest that Rap1 induces FGD5-dependent Cdc42 activation at cell-cell junctions to locally activate the NM-II through MRCK, thereby inducing CAB formation. We further reveal that Rap1 suppresses the NM-II activity stimulated by the Rho-ROCK pathway, leading to dissolution of RSF. These findings imply that Rap1 potentiates EC junctions by spatially controlling NM-II activity through activation of the Cdc42-MRCK pathway and suppression of the Rho-ROCK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Ando
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
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26
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Acute Lung Injury: The Injured Lung Endothelium, Therapeutic Strategies for Barrier Protection, and Vascular Biomarkers. TEXTBOOK OF PULMONARY VASCULAR DISEASE 2010. [PMCID: PMC7120335 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-87429-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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The fibrin-derived peptide Bbeta(15-42) significantly attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury in a cardiac transplant model. Transplantation 2010; 89:824-9. [PMID: 20405575 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e3181ccd822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inflammatory response after prolonged ischemia and subsequent reperfusion leads to increased risk of primary organ dysfunction after cardiac transplantation. It has been demonstrated that the fibrin-derived peptide Bbeta(15-42) (also called FX06) reduces infarct size in coronary artery occlusion/reperfusion models by inhibition of leukocyte migration. Further, Bbeta(15-42) preserves endothelial barrier function. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether Bbeta(15-42) has a protective effect in cardiac allografts exposed to prolonged global ischemia and subsequent in vivo reperfusion. METHODS Hearts of male Lewis rats were flushed and stored in cold Bretschneider preservation solution for 4 or 8 hr. Bbeta(15-42) was administered before being transplanted into syngeneic recipients. Serum samples were collected for troponin-T measurements. Hemodynamic performance was evaluated after a reperfusion period of 24 hr. Morphologic quantification of myocardial necrosis was performed in hearts exposed to 24 hr or 10 days of reperfusion. RESULTS Allografts from Bbeta(15-42) treated animals showed less myocardial necrosis (2.5% +/- 2.5% vs. 18.4% +/- 9.2%, P=0.0019) and decreased values of cardiac troponin-T (1.1 +/- 0.6 ng/mL vs. 2.7+/-2.3 ng/mL, P=0.0045), reduced number of infiltrating leukocytes (7.2 +/- 13.6 vs. 49.2 +/- 34.9 per high powerfield, P=0.0045), and superior cardiac output (78.1 +/- 1.8 mL/min vs. 21.7 +/- 4 mL/min, P = 0.0034). Hearts exposed to 0 and 4 hr of ischemia showed no severe signs of myocardial damage. CONCLUSION Bbeta(15-42) ameliorates the ischemia-reperfusion injury in transplanted hearts during extended cold ischemia by reduction of infiltrating leukocytes. This experimental protocol provides evidence that Bbeta(15-42) may play a useful role in organ preservation, but clinical evaluation is warranted.
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Adam AP, Sharenko AL, Pumiglia K, Vincent PA. Src-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of VE-cadherin is not sufficient to decrease barrier function of endothelial monolayers. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:7045-55. [PMID: 20048167 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.079277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of Src family kinases (SFK) and the subsequent phosphorylation of VE-cadherin have been proposed as major regulatory steps leading to increases in vascular permeability in response to inflammatory mediators and growth factors. To investigate Src signaling in the absence of parallel signaling pathways initiated by growth factors or inflammatory mediators, we activated Src and SFKs by expression of dominant negative Csk, expression of constitutively active Src, or knockdown of Csk. Activation of SFK by overexpression of dominant negative Csk induced VE-cadherin phosphorylation at tyrosines 658, 685, and 731. However, dominant negative Csk expression was unable to induce changes in the monolayer permeability. In contrast, expression of constitutively active Src decreased barrier function and promoted VE-cadherin phosphorylation on tyrosines 658 and 731, although the increase in VE-cadherin phosphorylation preceded the increase in permeability by 4-6 h. Csk knockdown induced VE-cadherin phosphorylation at sites 658 and 731 but did not induce a loss in barrier function. Co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence studies suggest that phosphorylation of those sites did not impair VE-cadherin ability to bind p120 and beta-catenin or the ability of these proteins to localize at the plasma membrane. Taken together, our data show that Src-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of VE-cadherin is not sufficient to promote an increase in endothelial cell monolayer permeability and suggest that signaling leading to changes in vascular permeability in response to inflammatory mediators or growth factors may require VE-cadherin tyrosine phosphorylation concurrently with other signaling pathways to promote loss of barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro P Adam
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208, USA
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Grinnell KL, Casserly B, Harrington EO. Role of protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 in barrier function of pulmonary endothelium. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2009; 298:L361-70. [PMID: 20023173 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00374.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary edema is mediated in part by disruption of interendothelial cell contacts. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP) have been shown to affect both cell-extracellular matrix and cell-cell junctions. The SH2 domain-containing nonreceptor PTP, SHP2, is involved in intercellular signaling through direct interaction with adherens junction proteins. In this study, we examined the role of SHP2 in pulmonary endothelial barrier function. Inhibition of SHP2 promoted edema formation in rat lungs and increased monolayer permeability in cultured lung endothelial cells. In addition, pulmonary endothelial cells demonstrated a decreased level of p190RhoGAP activity following inhibition of SHP2, events that were accompanied by a concomitant increase in RhoA activity. Furthermore, immunofluorescence microscopy confirmed enhanced actin stress fiber formation and diminished interendothelial staining of adherens junction complex-associated proteins upon SHP2 inhibition. Finally, immunoprecipitation and immunoblot analyses demonstrated increased tyrosine phosphorylation of VE-cadherin, beta-catenin, and p190RhoGAP proteins, as well as decreased association between p120-catenin and VE-cadherin proteins. Our findings suggest that SHP2 supports basal pulmonary endothelial barrier function by coordinating the tyrosine phosphorylation profile of VE-cadherin, beta-catenin, and p190RhoGAP and the activity of RhoA, signaling molecules important in adherens junction complex integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Grinnell
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence VA Medical Center, 830 Chalkstone Ave., Providence, RI 02908, USA
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Popoff MR, Geny B. Multifaceted role of Rho, Rac, Cdc42 and Ras in intercellular junctions, lessons from toxins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2009; 1788:797-812. [PMID: 19366594 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2008] [Revised: 01/20/2009] [Accepted: 01/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) and adherens junctions (AJs) are dynamic structures linked to the actin cytoskeleton, which control the paracellular permeability of epithelial and endothelial barriers. TJs and AJs are strictly regulated in a spatio-temporal manner by a complex signaling network, including Rho/Ras-GTPases, which have a pivotal role. Rho preferentially regulates TJs by controlling the contraction of apical acto-myosin filaments, whereas Rac/Cdc42 mainly coordinate the assembly-disassembly of AJ components. However, a subtle balance of Rho/Ras-GTPase activity and interplay between these molecules is required to maintain an optimal organization and function of TJs and AJs. Conversely, integrity of intercellular junctions generates signals through Rho-GTPases, which are involved in the regulation of multiple cellular processes. Rho/Ras-GTPases and the control of intercellular junctions are the target of various bacterial toxins responsible for severe diseases in man and animals, and are part of their mechanism of action. This review focuses on the regulation of TJs and AJs by Rho/Ras-GTPases through molecular approaches and bacterial toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel R Popoff
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Bactéries anaérobies et Toxines, 75724 Paris cedex151, France.
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Gröger M, Pasteiner W, Ignatyev G, Matt U, Knapp S, Atrasheuskaya A, Bukin E, Friedl P, Zinkl D, Hofer-Warbinek R, Zacharowski K, Petzelbauer P, Reingruber S. Peptide Bbeta(15-42) preserves endothelial barrier function in shock. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5391. [PMID: 19401765 PMCID: PMC2670535 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2009] [Accepted: 04/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of vascular barrier function causes leak of fluid and proteins into tissues, extensive leak leads to shock and death. Barriers are largely formed by endothelial cell-cell contacts built up by VE-cadherin and are under the control of RhoGTPases. Here we show that a natural plasmin digest product of fibrin, peptide Bß15-42 (also called FX06), significantly reduces vascular leak and mortality in animal models for Dengue shock syndrome. The ability of Bß15-42 to preserve endothelial barriers is confirmed in rats i.v.-injected with LPS. In endothelial cells, Bß15-42 prevents thrombin-induced stress fiber formation, myosin light chain phosphorylation and RhoA activation. The molecular key for the protective effect of Bß15-42 is the src kinase Fyn, which associates with VE-cadherin-containing junctions. Following exposure to Bß15-42 Fyn dissociates from VE-cadherin and associates with p190RhoGAP, a known antagonists of RhoA activation. The role of Fyn in transducing effects of Bß15-42 is confirmed in Fyn−/− mice, where the peptide is unable to reduce LPS-induced lung edema, whereas in wild type littermates the peptide significantly reduces leak. Our results demonstrate a novel function for Bß15-42. Formerly mainly considered as a degradation product occurring after fibrin inactivation, it has now to be considered as a signaling molecule. It stabilizes endothelial barriers and thus could be an attractive adjuvant in the treatment of shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Gröger
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - George Ignatyev
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Ulrich Matt
- Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine 1, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sylvia Knapp
- Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alena Atrasheuskaya
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Eugenij Bukin
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Peter Friedl
- Fibrex Medical Research & Development GmbH., Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Zinkl
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Hofer-Warbinek
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kai Zacharowski
- Molecular Cardioprotection & Inflammation Group, Department of Anesthesia, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Petzelbauer
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: (PP); (SR)
| | - Sonja Reingruber
- Fibrex Medical Research & Development GmbH., Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: (PP); (SR)
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Potential use of tight junction modulators to reversibly open membranous barriers and improve drug delivery. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2009; 1788:892-910. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2008.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2008] [Revised: 09/19/2008] [Accepted: 09/22/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Vicente JB, Ehrenkaufer GM, Saraiva LM, Teixeira M, Singh U. Entamoeba histolytica modulates a complex repertoire of novel genes in response to oxidative and nitrosative stresses: implications for amebic pathogenesis. Cell Microbiol 2008; 11:51-69. [PMID: 18778413 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2008.01236.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Upon host infection, the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica is confronted with reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and must survive these stresses in order to cause invasive disease. We analysed the parasite's response to oxidative and nitrosative stresses, probing the transcriptional changes of trophozoites of a pathogenic strain after a 60 min exposure to H2O2 (1 mM) or a NO donor (dipropylenetriamine-NONOate, 200 microM), using whole-genome DNA microarrays. Genes encoding reactive oxygen and nitrogen species detoxification enzymes had high transcriptional levels under basal conditions and upon exposure to both stresses. On a whole-genome level, there was significant modulation of gene expression by H2O2 (286 genes regulated) and dipropylenetriamine-NONOate (1036 genes regulated) with a significant overlap of genes modulated under both conditions (164 genes). A number of transcriptionally regulated genes were in signalling/regulatory and repair/metabolic pathways. However, the majority of genes with altered transcription encode unknown proteins, suggesting as yet unraveled response pathways in E. histolytica. Trophozoites of a non-pathogenic E. histolytica strain had a significantly muted transcriptional response to H2O2 compared with the pathogenic strain, hinting that differential response to oxidative stress may be one factor that contributes to the pathogenic potential of E. histolytica.
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Affiliation(s)
- João B Vicente
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5107, USA
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Aghajanian A, Wittchen ES, Allingham MJ, Garrett TA, Burridge K. Endothelial cell junctions and the regulation of vascular permeability and leukocyte transmigration. J Thromb Haemost 2008; 6:1453-60. [PMID: 18647230 PMCID: PMC2868262 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2008.03087.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The endothelial lining of the vasculature forms the physical barrier between the blood and underlying tissues. Junctions between adjacent endothelial cells are dynamically modulated to sustain vascular homeostasis and to support the transendothelial migration of leukocytes during inflammation. A variety of factors initiate intracellular signaling pathways that regulate the opening and resealing of junctional complexes. This review focuses on three primary signaling pathways initiated within endothelial cells by the binding of vasoactive factors and leukocyte adhesion: Rho GTPases, reactive oxygen species, and tyrosine phosphorylation of junctional proteins. These pathways converge to regulate junctional permeability, either by affecting the stability of junctional proteins or by modulating their interactions. Although much progress has been made in understanding the relationships of these pathways, many questions remain to be answered. A full understanding of the signaling cascades that affect endothelial junctions should identify novel therapeutic targets for diseases that involve excessive permeability or inappropriate leukocyte infiltration into tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aghajanian
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Maniatis NA, Kotanidou A, Catravas JD, Orfanos SE. Endothelial pathomechanisms in acute lung injury. Vascul Pharmacol 2008; 49:119-33. [PMID: 18722553 PMCID: PMC7110599 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2008.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2008] [Accepted: 06/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and its most severe extreme the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) refer to increased-permeability pulmonary edema caused by a variety of pulmonary or systemic insults. ALI and in particular ARDS, are usually accompanied by refractory hypoxemia and the need for mechanical ventilation. In most cases, an exaggerated inflammatory and pro-thrombotic reaction to an initial stimulus, such as systemic infection, elicits disruption of the alveolo-capillary membrane and vascular fluid leak. The pulmonary endothelium is a major metabolic organ promoting adequate pulmonary and systemic vascular homeostasis, and a main target of circulating cells and humoral mediators under injury; pulmonary endothelium is therefore critically involved in the pathogenesis of ALI. In this review we will discuss mechanisms of pulmonary endothelial dysfunction and edema generation in the lung with special emphasis on the interplay between the endothelium, the immune and hemostatic systems, and highlight how these principles apply in the context of defined disorders and specific insults implicated in ALI pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anastasia Kotanidou
- “M. Simou” Laboratory, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
- 1st Department of Critical Care, Evangelismos Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - John D. Catravas
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Stylianos E. Orfanos
- “M. Simou” Laboratory, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
- 2nd Department of Critical Care, Attikon Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
- Corresponding author. 2nd Department of Critical Care, Attikon Hospital, 1, Rimini St., 124 62, Haidari, Athens, Greece. Tel.: +30 210 7235521; fax: +30 210 7239127.
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Komarova YA, Mehta D, Malik AB. Dual regulation of endothelial junctional permeability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 2007:re8. [PMID: 18000237 DOI: 10.1126/stke.4122007re8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) of endothelial cells transmit diverse intracellular signals that regulate adherens junction (AJ) permeability. Increased endothelial permeability contributes to pathological processes such as inflammation, atherogenesis, and acute lung injury. Thrombin, a serine protease, and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive lipid, regulate endothelial barrier function by activating their respective GPCRs-the protease-activated receptor PAR(1) and the S1P receptor S1P(1)-which initiate intracellular signals that regulate AJ integrity and cytoskeleton organization. The distinct patterns of PAR(1) and S1P(1) signal transduction underlie the functional antagonism between thrombin and S1P. Evidence points to a role for activation of the S1P(1) receptor that is induced by PAR(1)-mediated signaling in the mechanism of AJ reannealing and endothelial barrier repair. Understanding the molecular basis of AJ integrity in the context of inflammation is important in developing novel anti-inflammatory therapeutics. This Review provides a working model for molecular mechanisms for the dual regulation of endothelial barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia A Komarova
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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