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Abdalla MMI. Enteric neuropathy in diabetes: Implications for gastrointestinal function. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:2852-2865. [PMID: 38947292 PMCID: PMC11212710 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i22.2852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, commonly known for its metabolic effects, also critically affects the enteric nervous system (ENS), which is essential in regulating gastrointestinal (GI) motility, secretion, and absorption. The development of diabetes-induced enteric neuropathy can lead to various GI dysfunctions, such as gastroparesis and irregular bowel habits, primarily due to disruptions in the function of neuronal and glial cells within the ENS, as well as oxidative stress and inflammation. This editorial explores the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of enteric neuropathy in diabetic patients. Additionally, it discusses the latest advances in diagnostic approaches, emphasizing the need for early detection and intervention to mitigate GI complications in diabetic individuals. The editorial also reviews current and emerging therapeutic strategies, focusing on pharmacological treatments, dietary management, and potential neuromodulatory interventions. Ultimately, this editorial highlights the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach in managing enteric neuropathy in diabetes, aiming to enhance patient quality of life and address a frequently overlooked complication of this widespread disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Mohamed Ibrahim Abdalla
- Department of Human Biology, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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2
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Ballanti M, Antonetti L, Mavilio M, Casagrande V, Moscatelli A, Pietrucci D, Teofani A, Internò C, Cardellini M, Paoluzi O, Monteleone G, Lefebvre P, Staels B, Mingrone G, Menghini R, Federici M. Decreased circulating IPA levels identify subjects with metabolic comorbidities: A multi-omics study. Pharmacol Res 2024; 204:107207. [PMID: 38734193 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
In recent years several experimental observations demonstrated that the gut microbiome plays a role in regulating positively or negatively metabolic homeostasis. Indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), a Tryptophan catabolic product mainly produced by C. Sporogenes, has been recently shown to exert either favorable or unfavorable effects in the context of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. We performed a study to delineate clinical and multiomics characteristics of human subjects characterized by low and high IPA levels. Subjects with low IPA blood levels showed insulin resistance, overweight, low-grade inflammation, and features of metabolic syndrome compared to those with high IPA. Metabolomics analysis revealed that IPA was negatively correlated with leucine, isoleucine, and valine metabolism. Transcriptomics analysis in colon tissue revealed the enrichment of several signaling, regulatory, and metabolic processes. Metagenomics revealed several OTU of ruminococcus, alistipes, blautia, butyrivibrio and akkermansia were significantly enriched in highIPA group while in lowIPA group Escherichia-Shigella, megasphera, and Desulfovibrio genus were more abundant. Next, we tested the hypothesis that treatment with IPA in a mouse model may recapitulate the observations of human subjects, at least in part. We found that a short treatment with IPA (4 days at 20/mg/kg) improved glucose tolerance and Akt phosphorylation in the skeletal muscle level, while regulating blood BCAA levels and gene expression in colon tissue, all consistent with results observed in human subjects stratified for IPA levels. Our results suggest that treatment with IPA may be considered a potential strategy to improve insulin resistance in subjects with dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ballanti
- Center for Atherosclerosis and Internal Medicine Unit, Policlinico Tor Vergata University Hospital, Via Oxford 81, Rome 00133, Italy; Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Antonetti
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Maria Mavilio
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Viviana Casagrande
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Alessandro Moscatelli
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy; Laboratory of Neuromotor Physiology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, 00179, Italy
| | - Daniele Pietrucci
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Adelaide Teofani
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Internò
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Marina Cardellini
- Center for Atherosclerosis and Internal Medicine Unit, Policlinico Tor Vergata University Hospital, Via Oxford 81, Rome 00133, Italy; Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Omero Paoluzi
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Policlinico Tor Vergata University Hospital, Via Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Monteleone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy; Unit of Gastroenterology, Policlinico Tor Vergata University Hospital, Via Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Philippe Lefebvre
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011 EGID, Lille France
| | - Bart Staels
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011 EGID, Lille France
| | - Geltrude Mingrone
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Hodgkin Building, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Rossella Menghini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Massimo Federici
- Center for Atherosclerosis and Internal Medicine Unit, Policlinico Tor Vergata University Hospital, Via Oxford 81, Rome 00133, Italy; Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy.
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3
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Zheng J, An Y, Du Y, Song Y, Zhao Q, Lu Y. Effects of short-chain fatty acids on blood glucose and lipid levels in mouse models of diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Pharmacol Res 2024; 199:107041. [PMID: 38128856 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.107041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the main metabolites of gut microbiota, have been associated with lower blood glucose and lipid levels in diabetic mice. However, a comprehensive summary and comparison of the effects of different SCFA interventions on blood glucose and lipid levels in diabetic mice is currently unavailable. This study aims to compare and rank the effects of different types of SCFAs on blood glucose and lipid levels by collecting relevant animal research. A systematic search through PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science database was conducted to identify relevant studies from inception to March 17, 2023. Both pairwise meta-analysis and Bayesian network meta-analysis were used for statistical analyses. In total, 18 relevant studies involving 5 interventions were included after screening 3793 citations and 53 full-text articles. Notably, butyrate therapy (mean difference [MD] = -4.52, 95% confidence interval [-6.29, -2.75]), acetate therapy (MD = -3.12, 95% confidence interval [-5.79, -0.46]), and propionate therapy (MD = -2.96, 95% confidence interval [-5.66, -0.26]) significantly reduced the fasting blood glucose levels compared to the control group; butyrate therapy was probably the most effective intervention, with a surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) value of 85.5%. Additionally, acetate plus propionate therapy was probably the most effective intervention for reducing total cholesterol (SUCRA = 85.8%) or triglyceride levels (SUCRA = 88.1%). These findings underscore the potential therapeutic implications of SCFAs for addressing metabolic disorders, particularly in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yu An
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yage Du
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying Song
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Nursing, Shanxi Provincial People's hospital, 29th Shuangta Temple Street, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Yanhui Lu
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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4
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Sugimori H, Masaki S, Honjo H, Kudo M, Watanabe T. Visualization of Gastrointestinal Bezoar Movement Causing and Releasing Small Bowel Obstruction on Computed Tomography in a Patient With Diabetes Mellitus. Cureus 2023; 15:e49133. [PMID: 38130514 PMCID: PMC10733117 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Although delayed gastric emptying promotes gastrointestinal bezoar formation in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), the association between movement of gastrointestinal bezoars and glycemic status remains unclear. We report a case of small bowel obstruction (SBO) caused by impaction of the migrated gastric bezoar into the small bowel in a patient with DM. Correction of hyperglycemia and lactic acidosis led to normalization of gastrointestinal motility, followed by expulsion of the impacted bezoar and resolution of SBO. This case suggests a link between hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and gastrointestinal motility based on visualization of gastrointestinal bezoar movement in the gastrointestinal tract using computed tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Sugimori
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, JPN
| | - Sho Masaki
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, JPN
| | - Hajime Honjo
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, JPN
| | - Masatoshi Kudo
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, JPN
| | - Tomohiro Watanabe
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, JPN
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Wei L, Ji L, Miao Y, Han X, Li Y, Wang Z, Fu J, Guo L, Su Y, Zhang Y. Constipation in DM are associated with both poor glycemic control and diabetic complications: Current status and future directions. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115202. [PMID: 37506579 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Constipation is a major complications of diabetes mellitus. With the accelerating prevalence of diabetes worldwide and an aging population, there is considerable research interest regarding the altered function and structure of the gastrointestinal tract in diabetic patients. Despite current advances in hyperglycemic treatment strategies, the specific pathogenesis of diabetic constipation remains unknown. Patients with constipation, may be reluctant to eat regularly, which may worsen glycemic control and thus worsen symptoms associated with underlying diabetic bowel disease. This paper presents a review of the complex relationship between diabetes and constipation, exploring the morphological alterations and biomechanical remodeling associated with intestinal motility dysfunction, as well as alterations in intestinal neurons, cellular signaling pathways, and oxidative stress. Further studies focusing on new targets that may play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic constipation may, provide new ideas for the development of novel therapies to treat or even prevent diabetic constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luge Wei
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Lanqi Ji
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Yulu Miao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Xu Han
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Ying Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Jiafeng Fu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Liuli Guo
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Yuanyuan Su
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
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Guney C, Bal NB, Akar F. The impact of dietary fructose on gut permeability, microbiota, abdominal adiposity, insulin signaling and reproductive function. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18896. [PMID: 37636431 PMCID: PMC10447940 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The excessive intake of fructose in the regular human diet could be related to global increases in metabolic disorders. Sugar-sweetened soft drinks, mostly consumed by children, adolescents, and young adults, are the main source of added fructose. Dietary high-fructose can increase intestinal permeability and circulatory endotoxin by changing the gut barrier function and microbial composition. Excess fructose transports to the liver and then triggers inflammation as well as de novo lipogenesis leading to hepatic steatosis. Fructose also induces fat deposition in adipose tissue by stimulating the expression of lipogenic genes, thus causing abdominal adiposity. Activation of the inflammatory pathway by fructose in target tissues is thought to contribute to the suppression of the insulin signaling pathway producing systemic insulin resistance. Moreover, there is some evidence that high intake of fructose negatively affects both male and female reproductive systems and may lead to infertility. This review addresses dietary high-fructose-induced deteriorations that are obvious, especially in gut permeability, microbiota, abdominal fat accumulation, insulin signaling, and reproductive function. The recognition of the detrimental effects of fructose and the development of relevant new public health policies are necessary in order to prevent diet-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fatma Akar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Yu D, Dai Q, Wang Z, Hou SX, Sun LV. ARF1 maintains intestinal homeostasis by modulating gut microbiota and stem cell function. Life Sci 2023:121902. [PMID: 37392777 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The small GTPase protein ARF1 has been shown to be involved in the lipolysis pathway and to selectively kill stem cells in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the role of ARF1 in mammalian intestinal homeostasis remains elusive. This study aimed to explore the role of ARF1 in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and reveal the possible mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS IEC-specific ARF1 deletion mouse model was used to evaluate the role of ARF1 in intestine. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analyses were performed to detect specific cell type markers, and intestinal organoids were cultured to assess intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation and differentiation. Fluorescence in situ hybridization, 16S rRNA-Seq analysis, and antibiotic treatments were conducted to elucidate the role of gut microbes in ARF1-mediated intestinal function and the underlying mechanism. Colitis was induced in control and ARF1-deficient mice by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). RNA-seq was performed to elucidate the transcriptomic changes after ARF1 deletion. KEY FINDINGS ARF1 was essential for ISC proliferation and differentiation. Loss of ARF1 increased susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis and gut microbial dysbiosis. Gut microbiota depletion by antibiotics could rescue the intestinal abnormalities to a certain extent. Furthermore, RNA-Seq analysis revealed alterations in multiple metabolic pathways. SIGNIFICANCE This work is the first to elucidate the essential role of ARF1 in regulating gut homeostasis, and provides novel insights into the pathogenesis of intestinal diseases and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Yu
- China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Human Phenome Institute, Children's Hospital, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Liver Cancer Institute at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Quanhui Dai
- China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zixiang Wang
- China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Human Phenome Institute, Children's Hospital, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Liver Cancer Institute at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Steven X Hou
- China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Human Phenome Institute, Children's Hospital, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Liver Cancer Institute at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Ling V Sun
- China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Human Phenome Institute, Children's Hospital, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Liver Cancer Institute at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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8
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Sun LB, Ding AP, Han Y, Song MQ, Shan TD. The lncRNA Tincr Regulates the Abnormal Differentiation of Intestinal Epithelial Stem Cells in the Diabetic State Via the miR-668-3p/Klf3 Axis. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 18:105-114. [PMID: 35362387 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x17666220331124607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is among the most common chronic diseases, and diabetic enteropathy (DE), which is a complication caused by DM, is a serious health condition. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are regulators of DE progression. OBJECTIVE However, the mechanisms of action of multiple lncRNAs involved in DE remain poorly understood. METHODS Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and in situ hybridization were used to analyze terminal differentiation-induced lncRNA (Tincr) expression in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in the DM state. Microarray analysis, bioinformatics analysis, and luciferase reporter assays were used to identify the genes targeted by Tincr. The role of miR-668-3p was then explored by up- and down-regulating its expression in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS In this study, we observed that the level of lncRNA Tincr was increased in IECs in the DM state. More importantly, Tincr was associated with abnormal intestinal epithelial stem cell (IESC) differentiation in DM. Our mechanistic study demonstrated that Tincr is a major marker of Lgr5+ stem cells in DM. In addition, we investigated whether Tincr directly targets miR-668-3p and whether miR-668-3p targets Klf3. Our findings showed that Tincr sponged miR-668-3p, which attenuated abnormal IESC differentiation in DM by regulating Klf3 expression. CONCLUSION This study presents evidence of an essential role for Tincr in IESC differentiation in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Bin Sun
- Department of Oncology and The Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular and Translational Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Ai-Ping Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 262000, P.R. China
| | - Yue Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 262000, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Quan Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 262000, P.R. China
| | - Ti-Dong Shan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 262000, P.R. China
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Kappel BA, De Angelis L, Puetz A, Ballanti M, Menghini R, Marx N, Federici M. Antibiotic-induced gut microbiota depletion exacerbates host hypercholesterolemia. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106570. [PMID: 36423788 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a major driver of atherosclerosis, thus contributing to high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Gut microbiota have been identified as modulator of blood lipids including cholesterol levels. Few studies have already linked certain bacteria and microbial mechanisms to host cholesterol. However, in particular mouse models revealed conflicting results depending on genetics and experimental protocol. To gain further insights into the relationship between intestinal bacteria and host cholesterol metabolism, we first performed fecal 16S rRNA targeted metagenomic sequencing in a human cohort (n = 24) naïve for cholesterol lowering drugs. Here, we show alterations in the gut microbiota composition of hypercholesterolemic patients with depletion of Bifidobacteria, expansion of Clostridia and increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. To test whether pharmacological intervention in gut microbiota impacts host serum levels of cholesterol, we treated hypercholesterolemic Apolipoprotein E knockout with oral largely non-absorbable antibiotics. Antibiotics increased serum cholesterol, but only when mice were fed normal chow diet and cholesterol was measured in the random fed state. These elevations in cholesterol already occurred few days after treatment initiation and were reversible after stopping antibiotics with re-acquisition of intestinal bacteria. Gene expression analyses pointed to increased intestinal cholesterol uptake mediated by antibiotics in the fed state. Non-targeted serum metabolomics suggested that diminished plant sterol levels and reduced bile acid cycling were involved microbial mechanisms. In conclusion, our work further enlightens the link between gut microbiota and host cholesterol metabolism. Pharmacological disruption of the gut flora by antibiotics was able to exacerbate serum cholesterol and may impact cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben A Kappel
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lorenzo De Angelis
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Andreas Puetz
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marta Ballanti
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Center for Atherosclerosis, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Menghini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Nikolaus Marx
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Massimo Federici
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Center for Atherosclerosis, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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10
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Ma K, Li Y, Dong X, Guo J. AMPK-mediated autophagy modulates the inflammatory cytokine expression in intestinal epithelial cells induced by high glucose. EUR J INFLAMM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x221106506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The homeostasis of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) is disrupted in diabetes, leading to functional changes of the gastrointestinal tract and increasing the risk of diabetic enteropathy. Methods: The aim of this study is to explore the effect of autophagy on the expression of inflammatory factors under high glucose in vitro. The effect of glucose at different concentrations (5, 10, 30 and 50 Mm) on IEC-6 cells was analyzed. Dorsomorphin (AMPK antagonist) and GSK621 (AMPK agonist) were used to examine the relationship between the autophagy and the AMPK/ULK1 signaling pathway in IEC-6 cells. Results: Our results showed that the high glucose significantly inhibited the growth of IECs, and induced more shrinkage and necrosis of cells. Autophagy was inhibited by high glucose. Furthermore, the levels of cytokines, including IL-22, INF-γ, NOS2, and TNF-α, were significantly increased, which were positively correlated with glucose concentration. Additionally, we confirmed that Dorsomorphin down-regulated the expression of p-AMPK and autophagy protein compared with GSK621. Similar, cellular immunofluorescence also detected low autophagy expression. However, GSK621 and Rapamycin increased the level of autophagy and down-regulated the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors compared with Dorsomorphin. Conclusion: Therefore, our results demonstrate that AMPK mediated autophagy may regulate levels of inflammation in IECs and improve cell survival under high glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaolin Dong
- Department of General medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- Department of General medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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11
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Singla S, Sahu C, Jena G. Association of Type 1 diabetes with ulcerative colitis in BALB/c mice: Investigations on sex-specific differences. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 36:e22980. [PMID: 34964214 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes comorbidity in ulcerative colitis (UC) has relevant clinical and therapeutic implications. The link between hyperglycemia and intestinal barrier function with respect to infection and inflammation consequences exists in diabetes. The present study was designed to decipher the molecular mechanisms associated with Type 1 Diabetes mellitus and the UC in both male and female BALB/c mice. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS; 2.5%w/v) dissolved in drinking water was given for three cycles (each cycle; 7 days) with 7 days recovery period in-between to both male and female BALB/c mice. At the first recovery period, Streptozotocin (40 mg/kg; i.p.) was administered for 5 consecutive days in the case of male BALB/c mice; whereas the same procedure was repeated at the beginning of each recovery period in female animals. In the DSS + DB group of male animals, disease activity index, myeloperoxidase activity, nitrite level, plasma lipopolysaccharides, interleukin-1β, histological score, % fibrotic area, % TUNEL positive cells were significantly increased. Furthermore, protein expression of phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (pNFκB65), proliferating cell nuclear antigen, interleukin-6, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-recruitment domain, and cysteine-containing aspartate-specific proteases-1 (caspase-1) significantly increased in the DSS + DB group of male animals as compared to female. The present study findings proved that hyperglycemic conditions exacerbated the pathological conditions in UC of male animals; whereas milder conditions developed in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Singla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, India
| | - Chittaranjan Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, India
| | - Gopabandhu Jena
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, India
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12
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Shan TD, Yue H, Sun XG, Jiang YP, Chen L. Rspo3 regulates the abnormal differentiation of small intestinal epithelial cells in diabetic state. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:330. [PMID: 34099046 PMCID: PMC8186182 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02385-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The complications caused by diabetes mellitus (DM) are the focus of clinical treatment. However, little is known about diabetic enteropathy (DE) and its potential underlying mechanism. Methods Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and intestinal epithelial stem cells (IESCs) were harvested from BKS.Cg-Dock7m+/+Leprdb/JNju (DM) mice, and the expression of R-Spondin 3 (Rspo3) was detected by RT-qPCR, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. The role of Rspo3 in the abnormal differentiation of IECs during DM was confirmed by knockdown experiments. Through miRNA expression profiling, bioinformatics analysis, and RT-qPCR, we further analyzed the differentiation-related miRNAs in the IECs from mice with DM. Results Abnormal differentiation of IECs was observed in the mice with DM. The expression of Rspo3 was upregulated in the IECs from the mice with DM. This phenomenon was associated with Rspo3 overexpression. Additionally, Rspo3 is a major determinant of Lgr5+ stem cell identity in the diabetic state. Microarray analysis, bioinformatics analysis, and luciferase reporter assays revealed that microRNA (miR)-380-5p directly targeted Rspo3. Moreover, miR-380-5p upregulation was observed to attenuate the abnormal differentiation of IECs by regulating Rspo3 expression. Conclusions Together, our results provide definitive evidence of the essential role of Rspo3 in the differentiation of IECs in DM. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02385-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ti-Dong Shan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, 16 Jiang Su Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 262000, P.R. China.
| | - Han Yue
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, 16 Jiang Su Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 262000, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Guo Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, 16 Jiang Su Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 262000, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Ping Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, 16 Jiang Su Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 262000, P.R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, 16 Jiang Su Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 262000, P.R. China
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13
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Solerte SB, D'Addio F, Trevisan R, Lovati E, Rossi A, Pastore I, Dell'Acqua M, Ippolito E, Scaranna C, Bellante R, Galliani S, Dodesini AR, Lepore G, Geni F, Fiorina RM, Catena E, Corsico A, Colombo R, Mirani M, De Riva C, Oleandri SE, Abdi R, Bonventre JV, Rusconi S, Folli F, Di Sabatino A, Zuccotti G, Galli M, Fiorina P. Sitagliptin Treatment at the Time of Hospitalization Was Associated With Reduced Mortality in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and COVID-19: A Multicenter, Case-Control, Retrospective, Observational Study. Diabetes Care 2020; 43:2999-3006. [PMID: 32994187 PMCID: PMC7770266 DOI: 10.2337/dc20-1521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Poor outcomes have been reported in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); thus, it is mandatory to explore novel therapeutic approaches for this population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a multicenter, case-control, retrospective, observational study, sitagliptin, an oral and highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, was added to standard of care (e.g., insulin administration) at the time of hospitalization in patients with type 2 diabetes who were hospitalized with COVID-19. Every center also recruited at a 1:1 ratio untreated control subjects matched for age and sex. All patients had pneumonia and exhibited oxygen saturation <95% when breathing ambient air or when receiving oxygen support. The primary end points were discharge from the hospital/death and improvement of clinical outcomes, defined as an increase in at least two points on a seven-category modified ordinal scale. Data were collected retrospectively from patients receiving sitagliptin from 1 March through 30 April 2020. RESULTS Of the 338 consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes and COVID-19 admitted in Northern Italy hospitals included in this study, 169 were on sitagliptin, while 169 were on standard of care. Treatment with sitagliptin at the time of hospitalization was associated with reduced mortality (18% vs. 37% of deceased patients; hazard ratio 0.44 [95% CI 0.29-0.66]; P = 0.0001), with an improvement in clinical outcomes (60% vs. 38% of improved patients; P = 0.0001) and with a greater number of hospital discharges (120 vs. 89 of discharged patients; P = 0.0008) compared with patients receiving standard of care, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In this multicenter, case-control, retrospective, observational study of patients with type 2 diabetes admitted to the hospital for COVID-19, sitagliptin treatment at the time of hospitalization was associated with reduced mortality and improved clinical outcomes as compared with standard-of-care treatment. The effects of sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes and COVID-19 should be confirmed in an ongoing randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Bruno Solerte
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatric and Diabetology Unit, University of Pavia, Italy.,School of Geriatrics, University of Pavia Azienda di Servizi alla Persona-Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca D'Addio
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche L. Sacco, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Trevisan
- Unità Operativa Complessa Malattie Endocrine 1-Diabetologia, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale-PG XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Lovati
- Internal Medicine Unit, University of Pavia and IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Rossi
- Division of Endocrinology, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Ida Pastore
- Division of Endocrinology, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Dell'Acqua
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche L. Sacco, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Division of Endocrinology, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Elio Ippolito
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche L. Sacco, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristiana Scaranna
- Unità Operativa Complessa Malattie Endocrine 1-Diabetologia, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale-PG XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Rosalia Bellante
- Unità Operativa Complessa Malattie Endocrine 1-Diabetologia, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale-PG XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Silvia Galliani
- Unità Operativa Complessa Malattie Endocrine 1-Diabetologia, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale-PG XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Roberto Dodesini
- Unità Operativa Complessa Malattie Endocrine 1-Diabetologia, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale-PG XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lepore
- Unità Operativa Complessa Malattie Endocrine 1-Diabetologia, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale-PG XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Francesca Geni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatric and Diabetology Unit, University of Pavia, Italy.,School of Geriatrics, University of Pavia Azienda di Servizi alla Persona-Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberta Maria Fiorina
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche L. Sacco, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Catena
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Corsico
- Pneumology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Colombo
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Mirani
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo De Riva
- Unità Operativa di Malattie Endocrine ULSS3-Ospedale dell'Angelo Mestre, Mestre, Italy
| | | | - Reza Abdi
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Stefano Rusconi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco," Univeristà di Milano, Milan, Italy.,III Division of Infectious Diseases, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Folli
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Health Science, Università di Milano, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Sabatino
- Internal Medicine Unit, University of Pavia and IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pediatrics, "V. Buzzi" Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Galli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco," Univeristà di Milano, Milan, Italy.,III Division of Infectious Diseases, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche L. Sacco, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy .,Division of Endocrinology, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy.,Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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14
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Wang Y, Wu Y, Sailike J, Sun X, Abuduwaili N, Tuoliuhan H, Yusufu M, Nabi XH. Fourteen composite probiotics alleviate type 2 diabetes through modulating gut microbiota and modifying M1/M2 phenotype macrophage in db/db mice. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Zeng Z, Liu HM, Zhang YY, Chen R, Sun T, Li W, Sun Q, Xia ZY, Meng QT. Aggravated intestinal ischemia‑reperfusion injury is associated with activated mitochondrial autophagy in a mouse model of diabetes. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:1892-1900. [PMID: 32582983 PMCID: PMC7411361 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have reported that diabetes is associated with an increased susceptibility to cardiac ischemia- reperfusion injury; however, the mechanism underlying the role of diabetes during intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IIR) has yet to be elucidated. The present study evaluated the intestinal pathological alterations and possible underlying mechanisms in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes mellitus with IIR. The effects of diabetes were investigated by assessing the histopathology, oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokine levels in intestine tissues and blood plasma, and protein expression levels of phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase (PINK1), Parkin and the ratio of light chain 3B (LC3B) II/I. The results demonstrated that diabetes increased the Chiu's intestinal injury score, concentration of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and levels of oxidative stress. Furthermore, the alterations were more pronounced in the diabetes with IIR group. The expression levels of PINK1 and Parkin, as well as the ratio of LC3BII/I, were significantly upregulated in the IIR group compared with the Sham group. Diabetes activated PINK1 and Parkin, and increased the expression of LC3BII. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy revealed that mitochondrial destruction and the number of autophagosomes was increased in the diabetic groups compared with the non-diabetic groups. Collectively, the results of the present study suggest that diabetes increased intestinal vulnerability to IIR by enhancing inflammation and oxidative stress. Furthermore, IIR was associated with overactivation of mitochondrial autophagy; therefore, the increased vulnerability to IIR-induced intestine damage due to diabetes may be associated with PINK1/Parkin-regulated mitochondrial autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Min Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Yan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Tao Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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16
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Liu J, Li Y, Sun C, Liu S, Yan Y, Pan H, Fan M, Xue L, Nie C, Zhang H, Qian H, Ying H, Wang L. Geniposide reduces cholesterol accumulation and increases its excretion by regulating the FXR-mediated liver-gut crosstalk of bile acids. Pharmacol Res 2020; 152:104631. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Li P, Lei J, Hu G, Chen X, Liu Z, Yang J. Matrine Mediates Inflammatory Response via Gut Microbiota in TNBS-Induced Murine Colitis. Front Physiol 2019; 10:28. [PMID: 30800071 PMCID: PMC6376167 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study mainly investigated the effect of matrine on TNBS-induced intestinal inflammation in mice. TNBS treatment caused colonic injury and gut inflammation. Matrine (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg) treatment alleviated colonic injury and gut inflammation via reducing bleeding and diarrhea and downregulating cytokines expression (IL-1β and TNF-α). Meanwhile, serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) was markedly reduced in TNBS treated mice, while 5 and 10 mg/kg matrine alleviated IgG reduction. Fecal microbiota was tested using 16S sequencing and the results showed that TNBS caused gut microbiota dysbiosis, while matrine treatment markedly improved gut microbiota communities (i.e., Bacilli and Mollicutes). Functional analysis showed that cell motility, nucleotide metabolism, and replication and repair were markedly altered in the TNBS group, while matrine treatment significantly affected cell growth and death, membrane transport, nucleotide metabolism, and replication and repair. In conclusion, matrine may serve as a protective mechanism in TNBS-induced colonic inflammation and the beneficial effect may be associated with gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyuan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jiajun Lei
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guangsheng Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xuanmin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
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19
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Zheng Y, Song Y, Han Q, Liu W, Xu J, Yu Z, Zhang R, Li N. Intestinal epithelial cell-specific IGF1 promotes the expansion of intestinal stem cells during epithelial regeneration and functions on the intestinal immune homeostasis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E638-E649. [PMID: 29783855 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00022.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) acts as a trophic factor in small intestine under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. However, it still lacks direct in vivo evidence of the functions of intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)-specific IGF1 under both normal and pathological conditions. Using IEC-specific IGF1-knockout (cKO) mice and Lgr5-eGFP-CreERT mice, we demonstrate that IEC-specific IGF1 can enhance nutrient uptake, reduce protein catabolism and energy consumption, and promote the proliferation and expansion of intestinal epithelial cells, including intestinal epithelial stem cells and intestinal secretory cells. Next, we showed that IEC-specific IGF1 renders IECs resistant to irradiation and promotes epithelial regeneration. Strikingly, transcriptome profiling assay revealed that many differentially expressed genes involved in the differentiation and maturation of lymphoid lineages were significantly suppressed in the cKO mice as compared with the control mice. We demonstrated that deletion of IGF1 in IECs enhances bacterial translocation to the mesenteric lymph nodes and liver. Furthermore, high-throughput sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA genes of gut microbiota revealed that IEC-specific IGF1 loss profoundly affected the gut microbial composition at various levels of classification. Therefore, our findings shed light on the in vivo roles of IEC-specific IGF1 in intestinal homeostasis, epithelial regeneration, and immunity, broadening our current insights on IGF1 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
| | - Yongli Song
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
| | - Qi Han
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
| | - Jiuzhi Xu
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
| | - Zhengquan Yu
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
| | - Ran Zhang
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
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20
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Wierzbicka E, Swiercz A, Pludowski P, Jaworski M, Szalecki M. Skeletal Status, Body Composition, and Glycaemic Control in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:8121634. [PMID: 30250851 PMCID: PMC6140037 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8121634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbed bone turnover, osteoporosis, and increased fracture risk are late complications of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Little is known about how far and to what extent can glycaemic control of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) prevent disturbances of bone health and body composition during the growth and maturation period. OBJECTIVE The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare the skeletal status outcomes and body composition between patients stratified by glycaemic control (1-year HbA1c levels) into well- and poorly-controlled subgroups in a population of T1DM adolescents, that is, <8% and ≥8%, respectively. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Skeletal status and body composition were evaluated in 60 adolescents with T1DM (53.3% female; mean aged: 15.1 ± 1.9 years; disease duration: 5.1 ± 3.9 years) using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (GE Prodigy). The results were compared to age- and sex-adjusted reference values for healthy controls. The calculated Z-scores of different metabolic control subgroups were compared. Clinical data was also assessed. RESULTS As evidenced by Z-scores, patients with T1DM revealed a significantly lower TBBMD (total body bone mineral density), TBBMC (total body bone mineral content), S24BMD (bone mineral density of lumbar spine L2-L4), and TBBMC/LBM ratio (total body bone mineral content/lean body mass), but higher FM (fat mass) and FM/LBM ratio (fat mass/lean body mass) values compared to an age- and sex-adjusted general population. The subset (43.3% patients) with poor metabolic control (HbA1c ≥ 8%) had lower TBBMD, TBBMC, and LBM compared to respective values noted in the HbA1c < 8% group, after adjusting for confounders (mean Z-scores: -0.74 vs. -0.10, p = 0.037; -0.67 vs. +0.01, p = 0.026; and -0.45 vs. +0.20, p = 0.043, respectively). Additionally, we found a significant difference in the TBBMC/LBM ratio (relative bone strength index) between the metabolic groups (-0.58 vs. -0.07; p = 0.021). A statistically significant negative correlation between 1-year HbA1c levels and Z-scores of TBBMD, TBBMC, and LBM was also observed. In patients with longer disease duration, a significant negative correlation was established only for TBBMD, after adjusting for confounders. The relationships between densitometric values and age at onset of T1DM and sex were not significant and showed no relation to any of the analysed parameters of the disease course. CONCLUSION Findings from this study of adolescents with T1DM indicate that the lower Z-scores of TBBMD, TBBMC, and LBM as well as the TBBMC/LBM ratio are associated with increased HbA1c levels. Their recognition can be crucial in directing strategies to optimise metabolic control and improve diabetes management for bone development and maintenance in adolescents with T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Wierzbicka
- Department of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Swiercz
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Pludowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Radioimmunology, and Experimental Medicine, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Jaworski
- Department of Biochemistry, Radioimmunology, and Experimental Medicine, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mieczyslaw Szalecki
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
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21
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Priyadarshini M, Navarro G, Layden BT. Gut Microbiota: FFAR Reaching Effects on Islets. Endocrinology 2018; 159:2495-2505. [PMID: 29846565 PMCID: PMC6692871 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The G protein-coupled receptors, free fatty acid (FFA) receptors 2 and 3 (FFA2 and FFA3), belonging to the free fatty acid receptor (FFAR) class, sense a distinct class of nutrients, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). These receptors participate in both immune and metabolic regulation. The latter includes a role in regulating secretion of metabolic hormones. It was only recently that their role in pancreatic β cells was recognized; these receptors are known now to affect not only insulin secretion but also β-cell survival and proliferation. These observations make them excellent potential therapeutic targets in type 2 diabetes. Moreover, expression on both immune and β cells makes these receptors possible targets in type 1 diabetes. Furthermore, SCFAs are generated by gut microbial fermentative activity; therefore, signaling by FFA2 and FFA3 represents an exciting novel link between the gut microbiota and the β cells. This review enumerates the role of these receptors in β cells revealed so far and discusses possible roles in clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medha Priyadarshini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Guadalupe Navarro
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Brian T Layden
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Correspondence: Brian T. Layden, MD, PhD, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 Wolcott Street, M/C 640, Chicago, Illinois 60612. E-mail:
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22
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Helminth infection in mice improves insulin sensitivity via modulation of gut microbiota and fatty acid metabolism. Pharmacol Res 2018; 132:33-46. [PMID: 29653264 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal helminths are prevalent in individuals who live in rural areas of developing countries, where obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome are rare. In the present study, we analyzed the modulation of the gut microbiota in mice infected with the helminth Strongyloides venezuelensis, and fed either a standard rodent chow diet or high-fat diet (HFD). To investigate the effects of the microbiota modulation on the metabolism, we analyzed the expression of tight-junction proteins present in the gut epithelium, inflammatory markers in the serum and tissue and quantified glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and resistance. Additionally, the levels of lipids related to inflammation were evaluated in the feces and serum. Our results show that infection with Strongyloides venezuelensis results in a modification of the gut microbiota, most notably by increasing Lactobacillus spp. These modifications in the microbiota alter the host metabolism by increasing the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, switching macrophages from a M1 to M2 pattern in the adipose tissue, increasing the expression of tight junction proteins in the intestinal cells (thereby reducing the permeability) and decreasing LPS in the serum. Taken together, these changes correlate with improved insulin signaling and sensitivity, which could also be achieved with HFD mice treated with probiotics. Additionally, helminth infected mice produce higher levels of oleic acid, which participates in anti-inflammatory pathways. These results suggest that modulation of the microbiota by helminth infection or probiotic treatment causes a reduction in subclinical inflammation, which has a positive effect on the glucose metabolism of the host.
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Wang J, Lu J, Xie X, Xiong J, Huang N, Wei H, Jiang S, Peng J. Blend of organic acids and medium chain fatty acids prevents the inflammatory response and intestinal barrier dysfunction in mice challenged with enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 58:64-71. [PMID: 29555328 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Impaired epithelial barrier function disrupts immune homeostasis and increases inflammation in intestines, leading to many intestinal diseases. The blend of organic acids (OAs) and medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) has been shown to have synergistic bactericidal effect. In this study, we demonstrated that two blends of OAs and MCFAs (OM1 and OM2) could prevent the inflammatory response and intestinal barrier dysfunction in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC)-infected mice. Treatments of OM1 and OM2 significantly reduced the body weight loss and production of IL-6 and TNF-α induced by EHEC. Mice treated with OM1 and OM2 showed decrease in serum D-lactic concentration, DAO activity and bacterial transfer to liver and spleen. Furthermore, OM1 and OM2 increased the expression of tight junction proteins occludin and ZO-1, mucus protein MUC-2, and host defense peptides mBD1, mBD2 and mBD3. Finally, OM1 and OM2 increased the population of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp., but decreased that of E. coli in the cecum. These findings indicate that OM1 and OM2 may be used to develop a prophylactic agent for intestinal inflammation and injury in enteric pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - JinXin Lu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - XiaoWei Xie
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jia Xiong
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ningning Huang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hongkui Wei
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Siwen Jiang
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Chisalita SI, Ludvigsson J. Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 at Diagnosis and during Subsequent Years in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:8623560. [PMID: 29744370 PMCID: PMC5883934 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8623560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes (T1D) in adolescents is associated with alterations in the insulin-like factor system probably caused both by a deranged metabolism and insulinopenia in the portal vein. OBJECTIVE To study how the circulating IGF-1 is affected at diagnosis and during subsequent years in adolescents with T1D. METHODS Ten girls and ten boys with type 1 diabetes (T1D), aged 13.0 ± 1.4 (mean ± SD) years at diagnosis, took part in the study. Blood samples were drawn at diagnosis and after 3, 9, 18, and 48 months. HbA1c, total IGF-1, and C-peptide were measured. RESULTS At diagnosis, the patients had high HbA1c, low IGF-1, and measurable C-peptide. After the start of insulin treatment, maximal improvement in glycemic control and IGF-1 occurred within 3 months and then both tended to deteriorate, that is, HbA1c to increase and IGF-1 to decrease. C-peptide decreased with time, and after 4 years, half of the patients were C-peptide negative. At diagnosis, C-peptide correlated positively to IGF-1 (r = 0.50; p < 0.03). C-peptide correlated negatively with insulin dose (U/kg) after 18 and 48 months from diagnosis (r = -0.48; p < 0.03 and r = -0.72; p < 0.001, resp.). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our results show that in newly diagnosed adolescents with type 1 diabetes and deranged metabolism, the IGF-1 level is low and rapidly improves with insulin treatment but later tends to decrease concomitantly with declining endogenous insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona I. Chisalita
- Department of Endocrinology and Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - J. Ludvigsson
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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25
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Jia L, Shan K, Pan LL, Feng N, Lv Z, Sun Y, Li J, Wu C, Zhang H, Chen W, Diana J, Sun J, Chen YQ. Clostridium butyricum CGMCC0313.1 Protects against Autoimmune Diabetes by Modulating Intestinal Immune Homeostasis and Inducing Pancreatic Regulatory T Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1345. [PMID: 29097999 PMCID: PMC5654235 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that indigenous Clostridium species induce colonic regulatory T cells (Tregs), and gut lymphocytes are able to migrate to pancreatic islets in an inflammatory environment. Thus, we speculate that supplementation with the well-characterized probiotics Clostridium butyricum CGMCC0313.1 (CB0313.1) may induce pancreatic Tregs and consequently inhibit the diabetes incidence in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. CB0313.1 was administered daily to female NOD mice from 3 to 45 weeks of age. The control group received an equal volume of sterile water. Fasting glucose was measured twice a week. Pyrosequencing of the gut microbiota and flow cytometry of mesenteric lymph node (MLN), pancreatic lymph node (PLN), pancreatic and splenic immune cells were performed to investigate the effect of CB0313.1 treatment. Early oral administration of CB0313.1 mitigated insulitis, delayed the onset of diabetes, and improved energy metabolic dysfunction. Protection may involve increased Tregs, rebalanced Th1/Th2/Th17 cells and changes to a less proinflammatory immunological milieu in the gut, PLN, and pancreas. An increase of α4β7+ (the gut homing receptor) Tregs in the PLN suggests that the mechanism may involve increased migration of gut-primed Tregs to the pancreas. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that CB0313.1 enhanced the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, enriched Clostridium-subgroups and butyrate-producing bacteria subgroups. Our results provide the basis for future clinical investigations in preventing type 1 diabetes by oral CB0313.1 administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Jia
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Kai Shan
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Li-Long Pan
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ninghan Feng
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi No. 2 Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhuwu Lv
- Department of Obstetrics, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Renmin Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Yajun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jiahong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chengfei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
| | - Julien Diana
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 1151, Institute Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scienctifique, Unité 8253, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jia Sun
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yong Q. Chen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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26
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Fujishiro M, Kushiyama A, Yamazaki H, Kaneko S, Koketsu Y, Yamamotoya T, Kikuchi T, Sakoda H, Suzuki R, Kadowaki T. Gastrointestinal symptom prevalence depends on disease duration and gastrointestinal region in type 2 diabetes mellitus. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:6694-6704. [PMID: 29085214 PMCID: PMC5643290 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i36.6694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To unravel relationships between gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms impairing quality of life (QOL) and clinical profiles of diabetes mellitus (DM) patients.
METHODS We enrolled 134 outpatients with type 2 DM. Mean age was 64.7 years, mean body mass index was 24.7 kg/m2, mean glycated hemoglobin was 7.1%, and mean DM duration was 13.7 years. GI symptom-related QOL was determined using the Izumo scale, based on five factors, i.e., heartburn, gastralgia, postprandial fullness, constipation and diarrhea. The sum of scores obtained for the three questions in each domain was calculated, and subjects with a score of 5 or higher were considered to be symptomatic with impaired QOL. JMP Clinical version 5.0 was used for all statistical analyses.
RESULTS Lower abdominal symptoms were found to be more frequent than those affecting the upper abdomen. Diabetic duration and medications showed associations with GI symptoms. We identified differences in peak prevalences of the five symptoms. Gastralgia (P = 0.02 vs 10-14 years) and total GI symptoms (P = 0.01 and P = 0.02 vs 5-9 years and 10-14 years, respectively) peaked at a diabetes duration of 15-19 years. Heartburn (P = 0.004) and postprandial fullness (P = 0.03) tended to increase with disease duration. Constipation and diarrhea showed bimodal peaks, with the first early and the second late (e.g., P = 0.03 at 15-19 years vs 10-14 years for diarrhea) in the disease course. Finally, GI symptoms showed clustering that reflected the region of the GI tract affected, i.e., constipation and diarrhea had similar frequencies (P < 0.0001).
CONCLUSION Our study highlights the importance of questioning patients about QOL impairment due to abdominal symptoms, especially in the early and the late periods of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Fujishiro
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Akifumi Kushiyama
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo 103-0002, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamazaki
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Sunao Kaneko
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yuko Koketsu
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shinko Hospital, Kobe 651-0072, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamamotoya
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Takako Kikuchi
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo 103-0002, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sakoda
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kiyotakecho Kihara, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takashi Kadowaki
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Diabetes mellitus (DM) and its associated complications are becoming increasingly prevalent. Gastrointestinal symptoms associated with diabetes is known as diabetic enteropathy (DE) and may manifest as either diarrhea, fecal incontinence, constipation, dyspepsia, nausea, and vomiting or a combination of symptoms. The long-held belief that vagal autonomic neuropathy is the primary cause of DE has recently been challenged by newer theories of disease development. Specifically, hyperglycemia and the resulting oxidative stress on neural networks, including the nitrergic neurons and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), are now believed to play a central role in the development of DE. DE occurs in the majority of patients with diabetes; however, tools for early diagnosis and targeted therapy to counter the detrimental and potentially irreversible effects on the small bowel are lacking. Delay in diagnosis is further compounded by the fact that DE symptoms overlap with those of gastroparesis or can be confused with side effects from diabetes medications. Still, early recognition of the presence of DE is essential to mitigating symptoms and preventing further progression of complications including dysmotility and malabsorption. Current diagnostic modalities include manometry, wireless motility capsule (SmartPill™), and scintigraphy; however, these are not regularly utilized in clinical practice due to limited availability. Several medications are available for symptom relief in DE patients including rifaximin for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and somatostatin analogues for diarrhea. While rodent models on stem cell therapy and alteration of the microbiome are promising, there is still a great need for further research on the pathologic underpinnings and development of novel treatment modalities for DE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Gotfried
- Temple University Digestive Disease Center, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephen Priest
- Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University & Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ron Schey
- Temple University Digestive Disease Center, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University & Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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28
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Epigenetic modification of TLE1 induce abnormal differentiation in diabetic mice intestinal epithelium. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 438:85-96. [PMID: 28744818 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3116-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium cells (IECs) in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients have been proven to be abnormally differentiated. During the differentiation of IECs, epigenetic modification acts as an important regulator. In this study, we aimed to examine the epigenetic alteration of Transducin-like Enhancer of Split 1 (TLE1), a multitask transcriptional co-repressor, contributing to the differentiation homeostasis in IECs of DM mice. The IECs of type 2 diabetic mice model were isolated and collected. Methylation states of whole genomic DNA promoter regions were investigated by microarray. Methylated-specific PCR was used to detect the methylation state of TLE1 promoter in DM mice IECs. The expression of TLE1, Hes1, and differentiated cell markers were measured through real-time PCR, Western blots, and immunohistochemistry; by transfection assay, TLE1 or Hes1 was independently down-regulated in intestinal epithelium cell line, IEC-6. Subsequent modulation on TLE1, Hes1, and differentiated intestinal cell markers were detected. Global gene promoter regions in DM intestinal epithelium were less methylated comparing to normal control. The expression of TLE1 was significantly increased via hypomethylated activation in DM mice IECs. Hes1 was significantly suppressed and the terminal cell markers abnormally expressed in DM mice IECs (P < 0.05). Inhibition or induction on the abundance of TLE1 in IEC-6 cell line resulted in the corresponding dysregulation of Hes1 and intestinal epithelium differentiation (P < 0.05). Demethylation of TLE1 promoter region activates the self-expression in diabetic mice IECs. Subsequently, TLE1, through the transcriptional suppression on expression of Hes1, contributes to the aberrant differentiation of IECs in DM mice.
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29
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Zhao H, Yan R, Zhou X, Ji F, Zhang B. Hydrogen sulfide improves colonic barrier integrity in DSS-induced inflammation in Caco-2 cells and mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 39:121-127. [PMID: 27472293 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal barrier involves in the pathogeny of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been reported to improve intestinal barrier integrity. Thus, this study investigated the effects of GYY4137, a slow-release H2S donor, on DSS-induced inflammation and intestinal dysfunction. In vitro model, cellular permeability was significantly increased and expression of tight junctions (ZO-1, Cauldin4, and Occludin) was downregulated in Caco-2 cells. GYY4137 treatment markedly attenuated DSS-induced inflammation and barrier dysfunction. Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS)-siRNA transfection further demonstrated that endogenous H2S system involves in DSS-induced inflammation and mediates barrier function. In vivo model, DSS exposure caused colonic inflammation and injury in mice and GYY4137 injection alleviated inflammatory response and improved intestinal barrier via reducing intestinal permeability and upregulating of tight junctions. In conclusion, endogenous H2S system involves in DSS-induced inflammation and H2S addition alleviated inflammation and intestinal dysfunction in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, People's Hospital of Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Changji, Xinjiang 831100, China
| | - Fang Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China.
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