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Moghassemi S, Dadashzadeh A, Azevedo RB, Feron O, Amorim CA. Photodynamic cancer therapy using liposomes as an advanced vesicular photosensitizer delivery system. J Control Release 2021; 339:75-90. [PMID: 34562540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The multidisciplinary field of photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a combination of photochemistry and photophysics sciences, which has shown tremendous potential for cancer therapy application. PDT employs a photosensitizing agent (PS) and light to form cytotoxic reactive oxygen species and subsequently oxidize light-exposed tissue. Despite numerous advantages of PDT and enormous progress in this field, common PSs are still far from ideal treatment because of their poor permeability, non-specific phototoxicity, side effects, hydrophobicity, weak bioavailability, and tendency to self-aggregation. To circumvent these limitations, PS can be encapsulated in liposomes, an advanced drug delivery system that has demonstrated the ability to enhance drug permeability into biological membranes and loading both hydrophobic and lipophilic agents. Moreover, liposomes can also be coated by targeting agents to improve delivery efficiency. The present review aims to summarize the principles of PDT, various PS generations, PS-loaded nanoparticles, liposomes, and their impact on PDT, then discuss recent photodynamic cancer therapy strategies using liposomes as PS-loaded vectors, and highlight future possibilities and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Moghassemi
- Pôle de Recherche en Gynécologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arezoo Dadashzadeh
- Pôle de Recherche en Gynécologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ricardo Bentes Azevedo
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Olivier Feron
- Pôle de Pharmacologie et thérapeutique, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christiani A Amorim
- Pôle de Recherche en Gynécologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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2
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Pucelik B, Sułek A, Dąbrowski JM. Bacteriochlorins and their metal complexes as NIR-absorbing photosensitizers: properties, mechanisms, and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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3
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Pucelik B, Arnaut LG, Dąbrowski JM. Lipophilicity of Bacteriochlorin-Based Photosensitizers as a Determinant for PDT Optimization through the Modulation of the Inflammatory Mediators. J Clin Med 2019; 9:E8. [PMID: 31861531 PMCID: PMC7019385 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) augments the host antitumor immune response, but the role of the PDT effect on the tumor microenvironment in dependence on the type of photosensitizer and/or therapeutic protocols has not been clearly elucidated. We employed three bacteriochlorins (F2BOH, F2BMet and Cl2BHep) of different polarity that absorb near-infrared light (NIR) and generated a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to compare the PDT efficacy after various drug-to-light intervals: 15 min. (V-PDT), 3h (E-PDT) and 72h (C-PDT). We also performed the analysis of the molecular mechanisms of PDT crucial for the generation of the long-lasting antitumor immune response. PDT-induced damage affected the integrity of the host tissue and developed acute (protocol-dependent) local inflammation, which in turn led to the infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages. In order to further confirm this hypothesis, a number of proteins in the plasma of PDT-treated mice were identified. Among a wide range of cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-15, TNF-α, GM-CSF), chemokines (KC, MCP-1, MIP1α, MIP1β, MIP2) and growth factors (VEGF) released after PDT, an important role was assigned to IL-6. PDT protocols optimized for studied bacteriochlorins led to a significant increase in the survival rate of BALB/c mice bearing CT26 tumors, but each photosensitizer (PS) was more or less potent, depending on the applied DLI (15 min, 3 h or 72 h). Hydrophilic (F2BOH) and amphiphilic (F2BMet) PSs were equally effective in V-PDT (>80 cure rate). F2BMet was the most efficient in E-PDT (DLI = 3h), leading to a cure of 65 % of the animals. Finally, the most powerful PS in the C-PDT (DLI = 72 h) regimen turned out to be the most hydrophobic compound (Cl2BHep), allowing 100 % of treated animals to be cured at a light dose of only 45 J/cm2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pucelik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Luis G. Arnaut
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal;
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Yamato T, Miyamoto S, Takimoto M, Thuéry P. Synthesis and Structural Properties of Novel Calixarene Analogues having Schiff Base Units. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/030823407x266225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Novel calixarene analogues having Schiff base units have been synthesised by condensation reaction of the bisaldehyde with o-phenylenediamines in the presence of boric acid. The present calixarene analogues form hydrogen bonds between imine nitrogen and phenol hydrogen with 1,2-alternate conformation, confirmed by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Yamato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Honjo-machi 1, Saga-shi, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Shinpei Miyamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Honjo-machi 1, Saga-shi, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Masashi Takimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Honjo-machi 1, Saga-shi, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Pierre Thuéry
- Service de Chimie Moléculaire, DSM, DRECAM, CNRS URA 331, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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5
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Sobotta L, Ziental D, Sniechowska J, Dlugaszewska J, Potrzebowski MJ. Lipid vesicle-loaded meso-substituted chlorins of high in vitro antimicrobial photodynamic activity. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 18:213-223. [PMID: 30427035 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00258d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic inactivation potential against bacteria of four chlorin derivatives with phenyl or fluorophenyl substituents was evaluated. The quantum yield values of singlet oxygen formation were in the range of 0.16-0.86. Compounds were characterized by high quantum yields of fluorescence (0.15-0.44) and moderate photostability in DMF solutions. Irradiation of chlorins in DMSO resulted in their phototransformation and then photodecomposition. Photodynamic inactivation of bacteria was performed after the compounds had been loaded into lipid vesicles. The following log reductions of growth values were obtained: Enterococcus faecalis >5.44; Staphylococcus aureus 2.74-5.34; Escherichia coli 0.01-2.14. No activity of meso-substituted chlorins was noticed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and fungi Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Sobotta
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Daniel Ziental
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Justyna Sniechowska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Science, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jolanta Dlugaszewska
- Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 4, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek J Potrzebowski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Science, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
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Imran M, Ramzan M, Qureshi AK, Khan MA, Tariq M. Emerging Applications of Porphyrins and Metalloporphyrins in Biomedicine and Diagnostic Magnetic Resonance Imaging. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2018; 8:bios8040095. [PMID: 30347683 PMCID: PMC6316340 DOI: 10.3390/bios8040095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, scientific advancements have constantly increased at a significant rate in the field of biomedical science. Keeping this in view, the application of porphyrins and metalloporphyrins in the field of biomedical science is gaining substantial importance. Porphyrins are the most widely studied tetrapyrrole-based compounds because of their important roles in vital biological processes. The cavity of porphyrins containing four pyrrolic nitrogens is well suited for the binding majority of metal ions to form metalloporphyrins. Porphyrins and metalloporphyrins possess peculiar photochemical, photophysical, and photoredox properties which are tunable through structural modifications. Their beneficial photophysical properties, such as the long wavelength of emission and absorption, high singlet oxygen quantum yield, and low in vivo toxicity, have drawn scientists' interest to discover new dimensions in the biomedical field. Applications of porphyrins and metalloporphyrins have been pursued in the perspective of contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer, bio-imaging, and other biomedical applications. This review discusses photophysics and the photochemistry of porphyrins and their metal complexes. Secondly, it explains the current developments and mode of action for contrast agents for MRI. Moreover, the application of porphyrin and metalloporphyrin-based molecules as a photosensitizer in PDT of cancer, the mechanism of the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), factors that determine the efficiency of PDT, and the developments to improve this technology are delineated. The last part explores the most recent research and developments on metalloporphyrin-based materials in bio-imaging, drug delivery, and the determination of ferrochelatase in bone marrow indicating their prospective clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- Department of Chemistry, Baghdad-Ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ramzan
- Department of Physics, Baghdad-Ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Ahmad Kaleem Qureshi
- Department of Chemistry, Baghdad-Ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Azhar Khan
- Department of Physics, Baghdad-Ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.
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Calvete MJF, Dias LD, Henriques CA, Pinto SMA, Carrilho RMB, Pereira MM. A Cost-Efficient Method for Unsymmetrical Meso-Aryl Porphyrin Synthesis Using NaY Zeolite as an Inorganic Acid Catalyst. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050741. [PMID: 28475140 PMCID: PMC6154588 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein we report the synthesis of unsymmetrical meso-aryl substituted porphyrins, using NaY zeolite as an inorganic acid catalyst. A comparative study between this method and the several synthetic strategies available in the literature was carried out. Our method presented a better, more cost-efficient rationale and displayed a significantly lower environmental impact. Furthermore, it was possible to verify the scalability of the process as well as the reutilization of the inorganic catalyst NaY (up to 6 times) without significant yield decrease. In addition, this method was applied to the synthesis of several other unsymmetrical porphyrins, from a low melting point porphyrin to mono-carboxylated halogenated unsymmetrical porphyrins, in yields higher than those found in the literature. Additionally, for the first time, two acetamide functionalized halogenated porphyrins were prepared in high yields. This methodology opens the way to the preparation of high yielding functionalized porphyrins, which can be easily immobilized for a variety of applications, either in catalysis or in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário J F Calvete
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, CQC, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Lucas D Dias
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, CQC, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - César A Henriques
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, CQC, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Sara M A Pinto
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, CQC, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Rui M B Carrilho
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, CQC, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Mariette M Pereira
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, CQC, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
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8
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Hexaphyrin as a Potential Theranostic Dye for Photothermal Therapy and19F Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Chembiochem 2017; 18:951-959. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Staegemann MH, Gitter B, Dernedde J, Kuehne C, Haag R, Wiehe A. Mannose-Functionalized Hyperbranched Polyglycerol Loaded with Zinc Porphyrin: Investigation of the Multivalency Effect in Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy. Chemistry 2017; 23:3918-3930. [PMID: 28029199 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The antibacterial photodynamic activity of hyperbranched polyglycerol (hPG) loaded with zinc porphyrin photosensitizers and mannose units was investigated. hPG, with a MW of 19.5 kDa, was functionalized with about 15 molecules of the photosensitizer {5,10,15-tris(3-hydroxyphenyl)-20-[4-(prop-2-yn-1-ylamino)tetrafluorophenyl]porphyrinato}-zinc(II) by using copper(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC). These nanoparticle conjugates were functionalized systematically with increasing loadings of mannose in the range of approximately 20 to 110 groups. With higher mannose loadings (ca. 58-110 groups) the water-insoluble zinc porphyrin photosensitizer could thus be transferred into a water-soluble form. Targeting of the conjugates was proven in binding studies to the mannose-specific lectin concanavalin A (Con A) by using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The antibacterial phototoxicity of the conjugates on Staphylococcus aureus (as a typical Gram-positive germ) was investigated in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). It was shown that conjugates with approximately 70-110 mannose units exhibit significant antibacterial activity, whereas conjugates with approximately 20-60 units did not induce bacterial killing at all. These results give an insight into the multivalency effect in combination with photodynamic therapy (PDT). On addition of serum to the bacterial cultures, a quenching of this antibacterial phototoxicity was observed. In fluorescence studies with the conjugates in the presence of increasing bovine serum albumin (BSA) concentrations, protein-conjugate associations could be identified as a plausible cause for this quenching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Staegemann
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkhard Gitter
- Biolitec research GmbH, Otto-Schott-Str. 15, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Jens Dernedde
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Kuehne
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arno Wiehe
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Biolitec research GmbH, Otto-Schott-Str. 15, 07745, Jena, Germany
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Taniguchi M, Lindsey JS. Synthetic Chlorins, Possible Surrogates for Chlorophylls, Prepared by Derivatization of Porphyrins. Chem Rev 2016; 117:344-535. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Taniguchi
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Jonathan S. Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
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11
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Sharma M, Meehan E, Mercado BQ, Brückner C. β-Alkyloxazolochlorins: Revisiting the Ozonation of Octaalkylporphyrins, and Beyond. Chemistry 2016; 22:11706-18. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Sharma
- Department of Chemistry; University of Connecticut; Storrs CT 06269-3060 USA
| | - Eileen Meehan
- Department of Chemistry; University of Connecticut; Storrs CT 06269-3060 USA
| | - Brandon Q. Mercado
- Chemical & Biophysical Instrumentation Center; Yale University, Chemistry Department; 350 Edwards St. New Haven CT 06511 USA
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry; University of Connecticut; Storrs CT 06269-3060 USA
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12
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Vestfrid J, Kothari R, Kostenko A, Goldberg I, Tumanskii B, Gross Z. Intriguing Physical and Chemical Properties of Phosphorus Corroles. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:6061-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenya Vestfrid
- Schulich
Faculty of Chemistry, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Rashmi Kothari
- Schulich
Faculty of Chemistry, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Arseni Kostenko
- Schulich
Faculty of Chemistry, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Israel Goldberg
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Boris Tumanskii
- Schulich
Faculty of Chemistry, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Zeev Gross
- Schulich
Faculty of Chemistry, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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13
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Gao Y, Pan JG, Huang YJ, Ding SY, Wang ML. Microwave-assisted synthesis of fluorine substituted porphyrins and kinetics of formation of zinc porphyrin complexes in acetic acid. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424615501096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Three mono-fluorine substituted porphyrin compouds were synthesized under microwave irradiation. The effects of catalysts and oxidants on the yields of mono-fluorine substituted porphyrins also were investigated. The yields of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-fluorophenyl)porphyrin, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3-fluorophenyl)porphyrin, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2-fluorophenyl)porphyrin in a use of nitrobenzene in propionic acid were 36%, 30% and 28%, respectively. In addition, the zinc(II) ion incorporation reactions into porphyrins to form the zinc porphyrin complexes have been kinetically investigated in acetic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shan Xi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Ji Gang Pan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shan Xi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yue Jun Huang
- Shan Xi Pharmanceutical College, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Shuang Yan Ding
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shan Xi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Meng Liang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shan Xi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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15
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Mangione G, Sambi M, Carlotto S, Vittadini A, Ligorio G, Timpel M, Pasquali L, Giglia A, Nardi MV, Casarin M. Electronic structure of CuTPP and CuTPP(F) complexes: a combined experimental and theoretical study II. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:24890-904. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03956a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
CuTPP and CuTPP(F) thick films deposited on Au(111) have been studied by coupling NEXAFS spectroscopy at the C/N/FK-edges and CuL2,3-edges and spin-unrestricted TD-DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Mangione
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Mauro Sambi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Silvia Carlotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Andrea Vittadini
- Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l'Energia – ICMATE
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Giovanni Ligorio
- Institute for Physics
- Supramolecular Systems Division “SMS” Humboldt Universität zu Berlin
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Melanie Timpel
- Institute for Physics
- Supramolecular Systems Division “SMS” Humboldt Universität zu Berlin
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
- Istituto dei Materiali per l'Elettronica ed il Magnetismo
| | - Luca Pasquali
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria “E. Ferrari”
- Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia
- 41125 Modena
- Italy
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali
| | - Angelo Giglia
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali
- IOM-CNR
- Trieste
- Italy
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia
| | - Marco Vittorio Nardi
- Institute for Physics
- Supramolecular Systems Division “SMS” Humboldt Universität zu Berlin
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
- Istituto dei Materiali per l'Elettronica ed il Magnetismo
| | - Maurizio Casarin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
- Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l'Energia – ICMATE
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Grover N, Sankar M, Song Y, Kadish KM. Asymmetrically Crowded “Push–Pull” Octaphenylporphyrins with Modulated Frontier Orbitals: Syntheses, Photophysical, and Electrochemical Redox Properties. Inorg Chem 2015; 55:584-97. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nitika Grover
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, India
| | - Muniappan Sankar
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, India
| | - Yang Song
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
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17
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Singh S, Aggarwal A, Bhupathiraju NVSDK, Arianna G, Tiwari K, Drain CM. Glycosylated Porphyrins, Phthalocyanines, and Other Porphyrinoids for Diagnostics and Therapeutics. Chem Rev 2015; 115:10261-306. [PMID: 26317756 PMCID: PMC6011754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunaina Singh
- Department of Natural Sciences, LaGuardia Community College of the City University of New York, Long Island City, New York 11101, United States
| | - Amit Aggarwal
- Department of Natural Sciences, LaGuardia Community College of the City University of New York, Long Island City, New York 11101, United States
| | - N. V. S. Dinesh K. Bhupathiraju
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Gianluca Arianna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Kirran Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Charles Michael Drain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10065, United States
- The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
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18
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Kooriyaden FR, Sujatha S, Arunkumar C. Synthesis, spectral, structural and antimicrobial studies of fluorinated porphyrins. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Zhang L, Liu ZY, Zhan X, Wang LL, Wang H, Liu HY. Photophysical properties of electron-deficient free-base corroles bearing meso-fluorophenyl substituents. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 14:953-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c5pp00060b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ultrafast photophysical behaviors of a series of meso-flurophenyl substituted electron-deficient free base corroles F0C, F5C, F10C and F15C in toluene have been investigated using femtosecond time resolved absorption spectroscopy and steady spectroscopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Materials and Technologies
- Sun-Yat Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Zi-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Materials and Technologies
- Sun-Yat Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Xuan Zhan
- Department of Chemistry
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510641
- China
| | - Li-Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Materials and Technologies
- Sun-Yat Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Materials and Technologies
- Sun-Yat Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Hai-Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510641
- China
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20
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Melomedov J, Ochsmann JR, Meister M, Laquai F, Heinze K. Aminoferrocene and Ferrocene Amino Acid as Electron Donors in Modular Porphyrin-Ferrocene and Porphyrin-Ferrocene-Porphyrin Conjugates. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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21
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Lopes TO, da Silva Filho DA, Lapis AAM, de Oliveira HCB, Neto BAD. Designed non-symmetrical 4,7-pi-extended-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole derivatives: Synthesis guided by DFT predictions. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago O. Lopes
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry and Laboratory of Complex Systems, Chemistry Institute; University of Brasilia (IQ-UnB); Brasilia Federal District Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre A. M. Lapis
- Department of Chemistry; Federal University of Fronteira do Sul, UFFS; 89813-140 Chapecó Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Heibbe C. B. de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry and Laboratory of Complex Systems, Chemistry Institute; University of Brasilia (IQ-UnB); Brasilia Federal District Brazil
| | - Brenno A. D. Neto
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry and Laboratory of Complex Systems, Chemistry Institute; University of Brasilia (IQ-UnB); Brasilia Federal District Brazil
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22
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23
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Nardi M, Verucchi R, Aversa L, Casarin M, Vittadini A, Mahne N, Giglia A, Nannarone S, Iannotta S. Electronic properties of tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj40910d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Piskorz J, Skupin P, Lijewski S, Korpusinski M, Sciepura M, Konopka K, Sobiak S, Goslinski T, Mielcarek J. Synthesis, physical–chemical properties and in vitro photodynamic activity against oral cancer cells of novel porphyrazines possessing fluoroalkylthio and dietherthio substituents. J Fluor Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Pereira N, Serra AC, Pineiro M, Gonsalves AMDR, Abrantes M, Laranjo M, Botelho F. Synthetic porphyrins bearing β-propionate chains as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424610002227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrins with different numbers of β-propionate chains mimicking natural porphyrins were prepared via the 2+2 MacDonald type approach. Photodynamic activity against WiDr colon adenocarcinoma cells showed that activity is related to the number of β-propionate chains, with the derivatives with two carboxylic groups showing higher activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Pereira
- Chymiotechnon, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Arménio C. Serra
- Chymiotechnon, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marta Pineiro
- Chymiotechnon, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António M. d'A. Rocha Gonsalves
- Chymiotechnon, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Ambiente, Genética e Oncobiologia, (CIMAGO), Faculdade de Medicina de Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Margarida Abrantes
- Instituto de Biofísica/Biomatemática, IBILI, Faculdade de Medicina de Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Ambiente, Genética e Oncobiologia, (CIMAGO), Faculdade de Medicina de Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Laranjo
- Instituto de Biofísica/Biomatemática, IBILI, Faculdade de Medicina de Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Filomena Botelho
- Instituto de Biofísica/Biomatemática, IBILI, Faculdade de Medicina de Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Ambiente, Genética e Oncobiologia, (CIMAGO), Faculdade de Medicina de Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
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26
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Fluorinated porphyrinoids and their biomedical applications. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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27
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Synthesis of β-functionalized Temoporfin derivatives for an application in photodynamic therapy. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:5808-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.07.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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28
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Silva EFF, Serpa C, Dabrowski JM, Monteiro CJP, Formosinho SJ, Stochel G, Urbanska K, Simões S, Pereira MM, Arnaut LG. Mechanisms of singlet-oxygen and superoxide-ion generation by porphyrins and bacteriochlorins and their implications in photodynamic therapy. Chemistry 2010; 16:9273-86. [PMID: 20572171 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
New halogenated and sulfonated bacteriochlorins and their analogous porphyrins are employed as photosensitizers of singlet oxygen and the superoxide ion. The mechanisms of energy and electron transfer are clarified and the rates are measured. The intermediacy of a charge-transfer (CT) complex is proved for bacteriochlorins, but excluded for porphyrins. The energies of the intermediates and the rates of their interconversions are measured, and are used to obtain the efficiencies of all the processes. The mechanism of formation of the hydroxyl radical in the presence of bacteriochlorins is proposed to involve a photocatalytic step. The usefulness of these photosensitizers in the photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer is assessed, and the following recommendations are given for the design of more effective PDT protocols employing such photosensitizers: 1) light doses should be given over a more extended period of time when the photosensitizers form CT complexes with molecular oxygen, and 2) Fe(2+) may improve the efficiency of such photosensitizers if co-located in the same cell organelle assisting with an in vivo Fenton reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa F F Silva
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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29
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Singh S, Aggarwal A, Thompson S, Tomé JPC, Zhu X, Samaroo D, Vinodu M, Gao R, Drain CM. Synthesis and photophysical properties of thioglycosylated chlorins, isobacteriochlorins, and bacteriochlorins for bioimaging and diagnostics. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 21:2136-46. [PMID: 20964323 DOI: 10.1021/bc100356z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The facile synthesis and photophysical properties of three nonhydrolyzable thioglycosylated porphyrinoids are reported. Starting from meso-perfluorophenylporphyrin, the nonhydrolyzable thioglycosylated porphyrin (PGlc₄), chlorin (CGlc₄), isobacteriochlorin (IGlc₄), and bacteriochlorin (BGlc₄) can be made in 2-3 steps. The ability to append a wide range of targeting agents onto the perfluorophenyl moieties, the chemical stability, and the ability to fine-tune the photophysical properties of the chromophores make this a suitable platform for development of biochemical tags, diagnostics, or as photodynamic therapeutic agents. Compared to the porphyrin in phosphate buffered saline, CGlc₄ has a markedly greater absorbance of red light near 650 nm and a 6-fold increase in fluorescence quantum yield, whereas IGlc₄ has broad Q-bands and a 12-fold increase in fluorescence quantum yield. BGlc₄ has a similar fluorescence quantum yield to PGlc₄ (<10%), but the lowest-energy absorption/emission peaks of BGlc₄ are considerably red-shifted to near 730 nm with a nearly 50-fold greater absorbance, which may allow this conjugate to be an effective PDT agent. The uptake of CGlc₄, IGlc₄, and BGlc₄ derivatives into cells such as human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and K:Molv NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells can be observed at nanomolar concentrations. Photobleaching under these conditions is minimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunaina Singh
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York 10065, United States
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30
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Obata M, Hirohara S, Tanaka R, Kinoshita I, Ohkubo K, Fukuzumi S, Tanihara M, Yano S. In vitro heavy-atom effect of palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes of pyrrolidine-fused chlorin in photodynamic therapy. J Med Chem 2009; 52:2747-53. [PMID: 19378972 DOI: 10.1021/jm8015427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Introduction of a heavy atom into photosensitizers generally facilitates intersystem crossing and improves the quantum yield (Phi(Delta)) of singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)), which is a key species in photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, little information is available about the physiological importance of this heavy-atom effect. The aim of this study is to examine the heavy-atom effect in simple metallochlorins in vitro at the cellular level. 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylide to 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrinato palladium(II) and platinum(II) afforded metallochlorins 4b and 4c in yields of 17.1 and 12.9%, respectively. The Phi(Delta) values increased in the order of 4a (0.28) < 4b (0.89) < 4c (0.92) in C(6)D(6). The photocytotoxicity of 4a, 4b, and 4c was evaluated in HeLa cells at a light dose of 16 J x cm(-2) with lambda > 500 nm and increased in the order of 4a < 4b < 4c at the concentration of 0.5 microM. The photocytotoxicity of 4b and 4c was significantly inhibited by addition of sodium azide, but not D-mannitol, suggesting that (1)O(2) is the major species causing cell death. Our results clearly indicate that 4b and 4c act as efficient (1)O(2) generators due to the heavy-atom effect in a cellular microenvironment as well as in nonphysiological media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Obata
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women's University, Kitauoyanishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
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31
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Liu X, Tripathy U, Bhosale SV, Langford SJ, Steer RP. Photophysics of Soret-Excited Tetrapyrroles in Solution. II. Effects of Perdeuteration, Substituent Nature and Position, and Macrocycle Structure and Conformation in Zinc(II) Porphyrins. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:8986-98. [DOI: 10.1021/jp804792x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place Saskatoon, SK Canada S7N 5C9, and School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Umakanta Tripathy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place Saskatoon, SK Canada S7N 5C9, and School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Sheshanath V. Bhosale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place Saskatoon, SK Canada S7N 5C9, and School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Steven J. Langford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place Saskatoon, SK Canada S7N 5C9, and School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Ronald P. Steer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place Saskatoon, SK Canada S7N 5C9, and School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
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32
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Monteiro CJ, Pereira MM, Pinto SM, Simões AV, Sá GF, Arnaut LG, Formosinho SJ, Simões S, Wyatt MF. Synthesis of amphiphilic sulfonamide halogenated porphyrins: MALDI-TOFMS characterization and evaluation of 1-octanol/water partition coefficients. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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33
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Hao E, Friso E, Miotto G, Jori G, Soncin M, Fabris C, Sibrian-Vazquez M, Vicente MGH. Synthesis and biological investigations of tetrakis(p-carboranylthio-tetrafluorophenyl)chlorin (TPFC). Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:3732-40. [DOI: 10.1039/b807836j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Samaroo D, Vinodu M, Chen X, Drain CM. meso-Tetra(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin as an efficient platform for combinatorial synthesis and the selection of new photodynamic therapeutics using a cancer cell line. JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2007; 9:998-1011. [PMID: 17877415 PMCID: PMC2535813 DOI: 10.1021/cc070067j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The four para fluoro groups on 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)-porphyrin (TPPF20) are known to react with a variety of nucleophiles, but the reaction conditions for this substitution reaction depend on the nature of the nucleophiles, e.g. primary amines versus thiols. Glycosylated derivatives of this core porphyrin have been shown to be effective photodynamic agents in the induction of necrosis or apoptosis in several cancer cell lines. The present report demonstrates that TPPF20 can be used as a core platform to efficiently generate a variety of solution-phase combinatorial libraries. The focused combinatorial libraries have substituents that are chosen from a set of motifs known to bind biopolymers such as DNA, be taken up by cancer cells, or to render the compounds amphipathic. Incubation of a breast cancer cell line with these solution-phase libraries, followed by cell lyses and extraction, affords a selection assay. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry of the extracts allows identification of the molecules taken up by the cells. Cell binding assays of the winning compounds synthesized directly indicate that both glycosylation and amphipathicity are key properties since neither tetraglycosylated porphyrins nor those with four polar groups are selected to the same extent. In addition, photodynamic efficacy was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Samaroo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10021
| | - Mikki Vinodu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10021
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10021
| | - Charles Michael Drain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10021
- The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021
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35
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Ko YJ, Yun KJ, Kang MS, Park J, Lee KT, Park SB, Shin JH. Synthesis and in vitro photodynamic activities of water-soluble fluorinated tetrapyridylporphyrins as tumor photosensitizers. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:2789-94. [PMID: 17383879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.02.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2006] [Revised: 02/05/2007] [Accepted: 02/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of water-soluble fluorinated cationic porphyrins were designed, synthesized, and characterized. In vitro photocytotoxicity of these compounds was evaluated by MTT assay on HeLa cells. Their photocytotoxicity was dependent on the positions of the cations and the fluorines in the pyridine ring, and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(N-methyl-2-fluoro-pyridin-3-yl)-porphyrin (8) showed the most potent photo-induced cytotoxicity without photobleaching. PDT-induced ROS inside HeLa cells was measured with flow cytometry using ROS-sensitive fluorometric probe, 2,7-dichlorofluororescin (DCF), which revealed high correlations of ROS with cellular cytotoxicity. FACS analysis shows that PDT with porphyrin 8 induced apoptosis in HeLa cells. In summary, efficient generation of ROS, biological effectiveness, and good photostability of porphyrin 8 indicate its potential application in photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Joo Ko
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, South Korea
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36
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Banfi S, Caruso E, Buccafurni L, Murano R, Monti E, Gariboldi M, Papa E, Gramatica P. Comparison between 5,10,15,20-tetraaryl- and 5,15-diarylporphyrins as photosensitizers: synthesis, photodynamic activity, and quantitative structure-activity relationship modeling. J Med Chem 2006; 49:3293-304. [PMID: 16722648 DOI: 10.1021/jm050997m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a panel of seven nonsymmetric 5,10,15,20-tetraarylporphyrins, 13 symmetric and nonsymmetric 5,15-diarylporphyrins, and one 5,15-diarylchlorin is described. In vitro photodynamic activities on HCT116 human colon adenocarcinoma cells were evaluated by standard cytotoxicity assays. A predictive quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) regression model, based on theoretical holistic molecular descriptors, of a series of 34 tetrapyrrolic photosensitizers (PSs), including the 24 compounds synthesized in this work, was developed to describe the relationship between structural features and photodynamic activity. The present study demonstrates that structural features significantly influence the photodynamic activity of tetrapyrrolic derivatives: diaryl compounds were more active with respect to the tetraarylporphyrins, and among the diaryl derivatives, hydroxy-substituted compounds were more effective than the corresponding methoxy-substituted ones. Furthermore, three monoarylporphyrins, isolated as byproducts during diarylporphyrin synthesis, were considered for both photodynamic and QSAR studies; surprisingly they were found to be particularly active photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Banfi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Insubria, Via H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese (VA), Italy.
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37
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Kralova J, Synytsya A, Pouckova P, Koc M, Dvorak M, Kral V. Novel Porphyrin Conjugates with a Potent Photodynamic Antitumor Effect: Differential Efficacy of Mono- and Bis-β-cyclodextrin Derivatives In Vitro and In Vivo. Photochem Photobiol 2006; 82:432-8. [PMID: 16613522 DOI: 10.1562/2005-05-06-ra-516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we investigated the photosensitizing properties of two novel mono- and bis-cyclodextrin tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) porphyrin derivatives in several tumor cell lines and in BALB/c mice bearing subcutaneously transplanted syngeneic mouse mammary carcinoma 4T1. Both studied sensitizers were localized mainly in lysosomes and were found to induce cell death by triggering apoptosis in human leukemic cells HL-60. In 4T1 and other cell lines both apoptotic and necrotic modes of cell death occurred depending on drug and light doses. Mono-cyclodextrin porphyrin derivative P(beta-CD)1 exhibited stronger in vitro phototoxic effect than bis-cyclodextrin derivative P(beta-CD)2. However, in vivo P(beta-CD)2 displayed faster tumor uptake with maximal accumulation 6 h after application, leading to complete and prolonged elimination of subcutaneous tumors within 3 days after irradiation (100 J cm(-2)). In contrast, P(beta-CD)1 uptake was slower (48 h) and the reduction of tumor mass was only transient, reaching the maximum at the 12 h interval when a favorable tumor-to-skin ratio appeared. Thus, P(beta-CD)2 represents a new photosensitizing drug displaying fast and selective tumor uptake, strong antitumor activity and fast elimination from the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarmila Kralova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
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38
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Jin LM, Chen L, Yin JJ, Zhou JM, Guo CC, Chen QY. Rational Synthesis of meso- or β- Fluoroalkylporphyrin Derivatives via Halo-fluoroalkylporphyrin Precursors: Electronic and Steric Effects on Regioselective Electrophilic Substitution in 5-Fluoroalkyl-10,20-diarylporphyrins. J Org Chem 2005; 71:527-36. [PMID: 16408960 DOI: 10.1021/jo051672g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Electrophilic nitration, formylation or bromination of metalated 5-fluoroalkyl-10,20-diphenylporphyrin (fluoroalkyl = CF3, ClCF2CF2, n-C6F13) proceeded with high regioselectivity, exclusively affording corresponding meso-substituted porphyrins, while the iodination reaction mainly took place at the adjacent beta site giving 2-iodo-10-fluoroalkyl-5,15-diphenylporphyrin. Suzuki, Sonogashira, and trifluoromethylation reactions of the obtained 5-bromo-15-fluoroalkyl-10,20-diphenylporphyrins or 2-iodo-10-fluoroalkyl-5,15-diphenylporphyrins could perform smoothly to give the corresponding various meso- or beta-functionalized fluoroalkylated porphyrin derivatives. Accordingly, two meso-to-meso butadiyne-bridged bisporphyrin dimers and two beta-to-beta butadiyne-linked dimeric porphyrins were prepared by the coupling reactions of 5-ethynyl-15-fluoroalkyl-10,20-diphenylporphyrins and 2-ethynyl-10-fluoroalkyl-5,15-diphenylporphyrins, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Mei Jin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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39
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Gallant AJ, Patrick BO, MacLachlan MJ. Mild and Selective Reduction of Imines: Formation of an Unsymmetrical Macrocycle. J Org Chem 2004; 69:8739-44. [PMID: 15575751 DOI: 10.1021/jo049197u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
During investigations of 5, a [3 + 3] Schiff-base macrocycle with six imines, a partially reduced Schiff-base macrocycle, 6, possessing one CH(2)NH and five imine groups was obtained. Control experiments and deuterium labeling indicate that the macrocycle is reduced by a benzimidazoline generated during the reaction. Benzimidazolines may be convenient reagents for the mild and selective reduction of imines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Gallant
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z1
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40
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Tewari A, Hein M, Zapf A, Beller M. An easy three step synthesis of perfluoroalkylated amphetamines. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.08.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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