1
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Moroni G, Calabria D, Quintavalla A, Lombardo M, Mirasoli M, Roda A, Gioiello A. Thermochemiluminescence‐Based Sensitive Probes: Synthesis and Photophysical Characterization of Acridine‐Containing 1,2‐Dioxetanes Focusing on Fluorophore Push‐Pull Effects. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giada Moroni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Perugia Via del Liceo 1 06122 Perugia Italy
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician” University of Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Donato Calabria
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician” University of Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Arianna Quintavalla
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician” University of Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Marco Lombardo
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician” University of Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Mara Mirasoli
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician” University of Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Aldo Roda
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician” University of Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB) Viale delle Medaglie d'Oro 305 00136 Rome Italy
| | - Antimo Gioiello
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Perugia Via del Liceo 1 06122 Perugia Italy
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2
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Sharhan O, Heidelberg T, Hashim NM, Salman AA, Ali HM, Jayash SN. Synthesis and biological study of acridine-based imidazolium salts. RSC Adv 2018; 8:38995-39004. [PMID: 35558311 PMCID: PMC9090615 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08138g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A new series of acridine based imidazolium salts was synthesized and evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines by an MTT assay. The synthesis applied a coupling of imidazoles with 9-chloroacridines, which originated from an Ullmann condensation of a 2-chloro-benzoic acid with an aniline. The target compounds were obtained in high yields. The DPPH assay indicated considerable antioxidant activity for target compounds with simple and short alkyl chains on the imidazole, while increasing chain length and the introduction of an additional π-electron system in most cases reduced the activity. All compounds exhibited low biotoxicity against non-cancerous cell lines, whereas a few compounds showed promising anticancer activity. Unlike for the reference drugs Tamoxifen and Paclitaxel, the anticancer activity of acridine imidazolium ions is specific for only selected cancer types. Reasonable fluorescent behaviour of the products provide potential for visualization of the distribution of active drugs in tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olla Sharhan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya (UM) 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Education, Thamar University Yemen
| | - Thorsten Heidelberg
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya (UM) 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Najiahah Mohd Hashim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya Malaysia
- Centre for Natural Products and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Faculty of Science, University of Malaya Malaysia
| | - Abbas Abdulameer Salman
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya (UM) 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- College of Pathological Analysis Technologies, Al-Bayan University Baghdad Iraq
| | - Hapipah Mohd Ali
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya (UM) 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Soher Nagi Jayash
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya Malaysia
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ibb University Yemen
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3
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Heravi MM, Kheilkordi Z, Zadsirjan V, Heydari M, Malmir M. Buchwald-Hartwig reaction: An overview. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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4
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Ishigami-Yuasa M, Watanabe Y, Mori T, Masuno H, Fujii S, Kikuchi E, Uchida S, Kagechika H. Development of WNK signaling inhibitors as a new class of antihypertensive drugs. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:3845-3852. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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5
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Exploring Anti-Prion Glyco-Based and Aromatic Scaffolds: A Chemical Strategy for the Quality of Life. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22060864. [PMID: 28538692 PMCID: PMC6152669 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders caused by protein misfolding and aggregation, affecting the brain progressively and consequently the quality of life. Alzheimer’s is also a protein misfolding disease, causing dementia in over 40 million people worldwide. There are no therapeutics able to cure these diseases. Cellular prion protein is a high-affinity binding partner of amyloid β (Aβ) oligomers, the most toxic species in Alzheimer’s pathology. These findings motivate the development of new chemicals for a better understanding of the events involved. Disease control is far from being reached by the presently known therapeutics. In this review we describe the synthesis and mode of action of molecular entities with intervention in prion diseases’ biological processes and, if known, their role in Alzheimer’s. A diversity of structures is covered, based on glycans, steroids and terpenes, heterocycles, polyphenols, most of them embodying aromatics and a structural complexity. These molecules may be regarded as chemical tools to foster the understanding of the complex mechanisms involved, and to encourage the scientific community towards further developments for the cure of these devastating diseases.
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6
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Synthesis, characterization and antimalarial evaluation of new β-benzoylstyrene derivatives of acridine. ARAB J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2012.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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7
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Zhang P, Yang Y, Liu Y, Rodriguez ME, Kenney ME. Studies directed towards nonyl acridine orange analogues having the potential to act as FRET donors with the PDT drug Pc 4. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra28126a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Analogues of nonyl acridine orange (NAO) were made by quaternization of substituted acridine oranges. The Pc 4-FRET occurrence of these NAO analogues in cells was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Case Western Reserve University
- Cleveland
- USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- Case Western Reserve University
- Cleveland
- USA
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Case Western Reserve University
- Cleveland
- USA
| | - Myriam E. Rodriguez
- Department of Radiation Oncology
- School of Medicine
- Case Western Reserve University
- USA
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8
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9
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Hamulakova S, Imrich J, Janovec L, Kristian P, Danihel I, Holas O, Pohanka M, Böhm S, Kozurkova M, Kuca K. Novel tacrine/acridine anticholinesterase inhibitors with piperazine and thiourea linkers. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 70:435-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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Benoit AR, Schiaffo C, Salomon CE, Goodell JR, Hiasa H, Ferguson DM. Synthesis and evaluation of N-alkyl-9-aminoacridines with antibacterial activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:3014-7. [PMID: 24908610 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of 9-alkylaminoacridines were synthesized and evaluated for activity against two strains of methicillin-resistant and one strain of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. Results are presented that show a clear structure activity relationship between the N-alkyl chain length and antibacterial activity with peak MIC99 values of 2-3 μM for alkyl chains ranging from 10 to 14 carbons in length. Although prior work has linked the function of acridine-based compounds to intercalation and topoisomerase inhibition, the present results show that 9-alkylaminoacridines likely function as amphiphilic membrane-active disruptors potentially in a similar manner as quaternary ammonium antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Benoit
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Charles Schiaffo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Christine E Salomon
- Center for Drug Design, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - John R Goodell
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790-4160, United States
| | - Hiroshi Hiasa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - David M Ferguson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Center for Drug Design, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
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12
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Joy MN, Bodke YD, Khader KKA, Ali Padusha MS, Sajith AM, Muralidharan A. A rapid and modified approach for C-7 amination and amidation of 4-methyl-7-nonafluorobutylsulfonyloxy coumarins under microwave irradiation. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01720j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid approach for the synthesis of an array of 4-methyl-7-substituted coumarins has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Nibin Joy
- Department of P.G studies and Research in Industrial Chemistry
- Kuvempu University
- Shimoga, India-577451
| | - Yadav D. Bodke
- Department of P.G studies and Research in Industrial Chemistry
- Kuvempu University
- Shimoga, India-577451
| | - K. K. Abdul Khader
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry
- Jamal Mohamed College
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirapalli, India
| | - M. Syed Ali Padusha
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry
- Jamal Mohamed College
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirapalli, India
| | - Ayyiliyath M. Sajith
- Organic Chemistry Division
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Kasaragod Govt. College
- Kannur University
- Kannur, India
| | - A. Muralidharan
- Organic Chemistry Division
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Kasaragod Govt. College
- Kannur University
- Kannur, India
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13
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Li Z, Chen G, Qiao S, Liang R, Lan C, Xia Z. Design and Synthesis of Some New N-Phenylanthranilic Acids from Highly Sterically Hindered Anilines. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2011.631074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Gellerman
- a Department of Biological Chemistry , Ariel University Center of Samaria , Ariel , Israel
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15
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Chen M, Adeniji AO, Twenter BM, Winkler JD, Christianson DW, Penning TM. Crystal structures of AKR1C3 containing an N-(aryl)amino-benzoate inhibitor and a bifunctional AKR1C3 inhibitor and androgen receptor antagonist. Therapeutic leads for castrate resistant prostate cancer. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:3492-7. [PMID: 22507964 PMCID: PMC3348334 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.03.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is associated with increased androgen receptor (AR) signaling often brought about by elevated intratumoral androgen biosynthesis and AR amplification. Inhibition of androgen biosynthesis and/or AR antagonism should be efficacious in the treatment of CRPC. AKR1C3 catalyzes the formation of potent AR ligands from inactive precursors and is one of the most upregulated genes in CRPC. AKR1C3 inhibitors should not inhibit the related isoforms, AKR1C1 and AKR1C2 that are involved in 5α-dihydrotestosterone inactivation in the prostate. We have previously developed a series of flufenamic acid analogs as potent and selective AKR1C3 inhibitors [Adeniji, A. O. et al., J. Med. Chem.2012, 55, 2311]. Here we report the X-ray crystal structure of one lead compound 3-((4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) amino)benzoic acid (1) in complex with AKR1C3. Compound 1 adopts a similar binding orientation as flufenamic acid, however, its phenylamino ring projects deeper into a subpocket and confers selectivity over the other AKR1C isoforms. We exploited the observation that some flufenamic acid analogs also act as AR antagonists and synthesized a second generation inhibitor, 3-((4-nitronaphthalen-1-yl)amino)benzoic acid (2). Compound 2 retained nanomolar potency and selective inhibition of AKR1C3 but also acted as an AR antagonist. It inhibited 5α-dihydrotestosterone stimulated AR reporter gene activity with an IC(50)=4.7 μM and produced a concentration dependent reduction in androgen receptor levels in prostate cancer cells. The in vitro and cell-based effects of compound 2 make it a promising lead for development of dual acting agent for CRPC. To illuminate the structural basis of AKR1C3 inhibition, we also report the crystal structure of the AKR1C3·NADP(+)·2 complex, which shows that compound 2 forms a unique double-decker structure with AKR1C3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania
| | - Adegoke O. Adeniji
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania
| | - Barry M. Twenter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | - Trevor M. Penning
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania
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16
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Adeniji AO, Twenter BM, Byrns MC, Jin Y, Chen M, Winkler JD, Penning TM. Development of potent and selective inhibitors of aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (type 5 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) based on N-phenyl-aminobenzoates and their structure-activity relationships. J Med Chem 2012; 55:2311-23. [PMID: 22263837 DOI: 10.1021/jm201547v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3; type 5 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) is overexpressed in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and is implicated in the intratumoral biosynthesis of testosterone and 5α-dihydrotestosterone. Selective AKR1C3 inhibitors are required because compounds should not inhibit the highly related AKR1C1 and AKR1C2 isoforms which are involved in the inactivation of 5α-dihydrotestosterone. NSAIDs, N-phenylanthranilates in particular, are potent but nonselective AKR1C3 inhibitors. Using flufenamic acid, 2-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino}benzoic acid, as lead compound, five classes of structural analogues were synthesized and evaluated for AKR1C3 inhibitory potency and selectivity. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies revealed that a meta-carboxylic acid group relative to the amine conferred pronounced AKR1C3 selectivity without loss of potency, while electron withdrawing groups on the phenylamino B-ring were optimal for AKR1C3 inhibition. Lead compounds did not inhibit COX-1 or COX-2 but blocked the AKR1C3 mediated production of testosterone in LNCaP-AKR1C3 cells. These compounds offer promising leads toward new therapeutics for CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adegoke O Adeniji
- Department of Pharmacology and Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6084, USA
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17
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Li ZH, Xia ZN, Chen G. Catalyst-Free Amination of 2-Chloronicotinic Acid in Water under Microwave Irradiation. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.3184/174751911x13231642443092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A simple, efficient and environmental friendly method for the synthesis of 2-arylaminonicotinic acids derivatives by reacting 2-chloronicotinic acid with anilines with potassium carbonate as the base and water as the media under microwave irradiation is described. The synthesis of 2-arylaminonicotinic acids is important because they are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-hua Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Shazheng Street No.174, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400030, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-ning Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Shazheng Street No.174, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400030, P. R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Shazheng Street No.174, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400030, P. R. China
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18
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Commandeur C, Florent JC, Rousselle P, Bertounesque E. Easy Access to Pyranoacridines, Pyranoxanthenes, and Arylchromenes Through a Domino Reaction. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201001598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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19
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Adeniji AO, Twenter BM, Byrns MC, Jin Y, Winkler JD, Penning TM. Discovery of substituted 3-(phenylamino)benzoic acids as potent and selective inhibitors of type 5 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (AKR1C3). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:1464-8. [PMID: 21277203 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3) also known as type 5 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase has been implicated as one of the key enzymes driving the elevated intratumoral androgen levels observed in castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). AKR1C3 inhibition therefore presents a rational approach to managing CRPC. Inhibitors should be selective for AKR1C3 over other AKR1C enzymes involved in androgen metabolism. We have synthesized 2-, 3-, and 4-(phenylamino)benzoic acids and identified 3-(phenylamino)benzoic acids that have nanomolar affinity and exhibit over 200-fold selectivity for AKR1C3 versus other AKR1C isoforms. The AKR1C3 inhibitory potency of the 4'-substituted 3-(phenylamino)benzoic acids shows a linear correlation with both electronic effects of substituents and the pK(a) of the carboxylic acid and secondary amine groups, which are interdependent. These compounds may be useful in treatment and/or prevention of CRPC as well as understanding the role of AKR1C3 in endocrinology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adegoke O Adeniji
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6084, USA
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20
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Desbois N, Szollosi A, Maisonial A, Weber V, Moreau E, Teulade JC, Chavignon O, Blache Y, Chezal JM. Simple and convenient conversion of acridones into 9-unsubstituted acridines via acridanes using borane tetrahydrofuran complex. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.09.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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21
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Csuk R, Barthel A, Raschke C, Kluge R, Ströhl D, Trieschmann L, Böhm G. Synthesis of Monomeric and Dimeric Acridine Compounds as Potential Therapeutics in Alzheimer and Prion Diseases. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2009; 342:699-709. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.200900065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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Balakrishna MS, Venkateswaran R, Mobin SM. Mixed-ligand silver(I) complexes containing bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether and pyridyl ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2008.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Cecchi L, De Sarlo F, Machetti F. Synthesis of 4,5-dihydroisoxazoles by condensation of primary nitro compounds with alkenes by using a copper/base catalytic system. Chemistry 2008; 14:7903-12. [PMID: 18642257 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A new procedure for the synthesis of 4.5-dihydroisoxazoles by condensation of primary nitro compounds with olefins by using a copper/base catalytic system is described. The catalytic effect of copper(II) salts is evidenced by comparison of the reaction rates. Thus, activated nitro compounds react faster than with organic catalysis by tertiary amines, whereas nitroalkanes, unable to condense with dipolarophiles in the presence of the base alone, undergo the reaction on addition of a copper(II) catalyst. The observed occurrence of induction periods in most reactions is ascribed to an equilibrium preceding the rate-determining step, and gives a hint as to the proposed reaction mechanism. The results indicate that this method might be of practical and general utility for synthetic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cecchi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica U. Schiff, Università di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 13, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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24
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Balakrishna MS, Venkateswaran R, Mobin SM. Silver(I) complexes of bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl] ether. Polyhedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2007.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Baqi Y, Müller CE. Catalyst-Free Microwave-Assisted Amination of 2-Chloro-5-nitrobenzoic Acid. J Org Chem 2007; 72:5908-11. [PMID: 17585825 DOI: 10.1021/jo070731i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of N-substituted 5-nitroanthranilic acid derivatives 3a-w was achieved by a new, mild, microwave-assisted, regioselective amination reaction of 5-nitro-2-chlorobenzoic acid (1a) with a diverse range of aliphatic and aromatic amines 2a-w without added solvent or catalyst. Up to >99% isolated yield was obtained within 5-30 min at 80-120 degrees C. The reaction, which is suitable for upscaling, yielded new compounds that are of considerable interest as useful building blocks and as potential drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younis Baqi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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Venkateswaran R, Balakrishna MS, Mobin SM. The Iminophosphorane‐Phosphane Ph
2
PC
6
H
4
OC
6
H
4
PPh
2
=NP(O)(OPh)
2
: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Catalytic Activity in Suzuki Cross‐Coupling and the Homogeneous Hydrogenation of Olefins. Eur J Inorg Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200601126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramalingam Venkateswaran
- Phosphorus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India, Fax: +91‐22‐2576‐7152, ‐2572‐3480
| | - Maravanji S. Balakrishna
- Phosphorus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India, Fax: +91‐22‐2576‐7152, ‐2572‐3480
| | - Shaikh M. Mobin
- National Single Crystal X‐ray Diffraction facility, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
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Anderson MO, Sherrill J, Madrid PB, Liou AP, Weisman JL, DeRisi JL, Guy RK. Parallel synthesis of 9-aminoacridines and their evaluation against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 14:334-43. [PMID: 16216519 PMCID: PMC1474025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2005] [Revised: 08/04/2005] [Accepted: 08/05/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A parallel synthetic strategy to the 9-aminoacridine scaffold of the classical anti-malarial drug quinacrine (2) is presented. The method features a new route to 9-chloroacridines that utilizes triflates of salicylic acid derivatives, which are commercially available in a variety of substitution patterns. The route allows ready variation of the two diversity elements present in this class of molecules: the tricyclic aromatic heterocyclic core, and the disubstituted diamine sidechain. In this study, a library of 175 compounds was designed, although only 93 of the final products had purities acceptable for screening. Impurity was generally due to incomplete removal of 9-acridones (18), a degradation product of the 9-chloroacridine synthetic intermediates. The library was screened against two strains of Plasmodium falciparum, including a model of the drug-resistant parasite, and six novel compounds were found to have IC(50) values in the low nanomolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc O Anderson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-2280, USA
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Hesse S, Kirsch G. Selective palladium-catalyzed amination of β-chloroacroleins by substituted anilines. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Csuk R, Raschke C, Göthe G, Reissmann S. Synthesis of dimeric trifluoromethoxyacridine-derived pathogen-inactivating nucleic acid intercalators. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2004; 337:571-8. [PMID: 15540226 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.200400907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A series of antiviral active compounds consisting of an intercalating acridine-derived part, a spacer region and a reactive EDTA-derived conjugate was synthesized in an easy sequence. Thus, suitably mono-protected 1,omega-alkyldiamines gave, upon reaction with 9-chloro-2-trifluoromethoxyacridine, followed by deprotection and reaction with EDTA dianhydride, the target molecules. Incorporation of their Fe(II) complexes in the presence of ascorbate gave a reduction of the phage titer of MS2 phages by several logarithmic decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Csuk
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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