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Okokon JE, Etuk IC, Thomas PS, Drijfhout FP, Claridge TDW, Li WW. In vivo antihyperglycaemic and antihyperlipidemic activities and chemical constituents of Solanum anomalum. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113153. [PMID: 35598372 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Solanum anomalum is a plant used ethnomedically for the treatment of diabetes. The study was aimed to validate ethnomedical claims in rat model and identify the likely antidiabetic compounds. Leaf extract (70-210 mg/kg/day) and fractions (140 mg/kg/day) of S. anomalum were evaluated in hyperglycaemic rats induced using alloxan for effects on blood glucose, lipids and pancreas histology. Phytochemical characterisation of isolated compounds and their identification were performed using mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. Bioinformatics tool was used to predict the possible protein targets of the identified bioactive compounds. The leaf extract/fractions on administration to diabetic rats caused significant lowering of fasting blood glucose of the diabetic rats during single dose study and on repeated administration of the extract. The hydroethanolic leaf extracts also enhanced glucose utilization capacity of the diabetic rats and caused significant lowering of glycosylated hemoglobin levels and elevation of insulin levels in the serum. Furthermore, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, and VLDL-cholesterol levels were lowered significantly, while HDL-cholesterol levels were also elevated in the treated diabetic rats. There was absence or few pathological signs in the treated hyperglycaemic rat pancreas compared to that present in the pancreas of control group. Diosgenin, 25(R)-diosgenin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranoside, uracil, thymine, 1-octacosanol, and octacosane were isolated and identified. Protein phosphatases along with secreted proteins are predicted to be the major targets of diosgenin and the diosgenin glycoside. These results suggest that the leaf extract/fractions of S. anomalum possess antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic properties, offer protection to the pancreas and stimulate insulin secretion, which can be attributable to the activities of its phytochemical constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude E Okokon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria.
| | - Idongesit C Etuk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
| | - Paul S Thomas
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
| | - Falko P Drijfhout
- Chemical Sciences Research Centre, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Tim D W Claridge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Wen-Wu Li
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB, United Kingdom.
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Chen Y, Wu J, Yu D, Du X. Advances in steroidal saponins biosynthesis. PLANTA 2021; 254:91. [PMID: 34617240 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03732-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This work reviews recent advances in the pathways and key enzymes of steroidal saponins biosynthesis and sets the foundation for the biotechnological production of these useful compounds through transformation of microorganisms. Steroidal saponins, due to their specific chemical structures and active effects, have long been important natural products and that are irreplaceable in hormone production and other pharmaceutical industries. This article comprehensively reviewed the previous and current research progress and summarized the biosynthesis pathways and key biosynthetic enzymes of steroidal saponins that have been discovered in plants and microoganisms. On the basis of the general biosynthetic pathway in plants, it was found that the starting components, intermediates and catalysing enzymes were diverse between plants and microorganisms; however, the functions of their related enzymes tended to be similar. The biosynthesis pathways of steroidal saponins in microorganisms and marine organisms have not been revealed as clearly as those in plants and need further investigation. The elucidation of biosynthetic pathways and key enzymes is essential for understanding the synthetic mechanisms of these compounds and provides researchers with important information to further develop and implement the massive production of steroidal saponins by biotechnological approaches and methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Junkai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Dan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xiaowei Du
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Ou-Yang SH, Jiang T, Zhu L, Yi T. Dioscorea nipponica Makino: a systematic review on its ethnobotany, phytochemical and pharmacological profiles. Chem Cent J 2018; 12:57. [PMID: 29748731 PMCID: PMC5945570 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-018-0423-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dioscorea nipponica Makino is a perennial twining herbs belonging to the family Dioscoreaceae, which is mainly distributed in the northeastern, northern, eastern and central regions of China. Traditionally, the rhizome of this herb has been commonly used by Miao and Meng ethnic groups of China to treat rheumatoid arthritis, pain in the legs and lumbar area, Kashin Beck disease, bruises, sprains, chronic bronchitis, cough and asthma. Modern pharmacological studies have discovered that this herb possesses anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-diuretic, analgesic, anti-tussive, panting-calming and phlegm-dispelling activities, along with enhancing immune function and improving cardiovascular health. In recent years, both fat-soluble and water-soluble steroidal saponins were isolated from the rhizomes of D. nipponica using silica gel column chromatography, thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography methods. Saponin and sapogenins are mainly responsible for most of the pharmacological effects of this plant. Further, the chemical components of the aboveground parts contain more than 10 kinds of phenanthrene derivatives. The present review summarizes the knowledge concerning the geographical distribution, chemical composition, pharmacological effects, toxicology studies and clinical applications of D. nipponica. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Hong Ou-Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Leshan Normal College, Leshan, 614004, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Tao Yi
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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A monomer purified from Paris polyphylla (PP-22) triggers S and G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis in human tongue squamous cell carcinoma SCC-15 by activating the p38/cdc25/cdc2 and caspase 8/caspase 3 pathways. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:14863-14872. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5376-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Li H, Wang X, Ma Y, Yang N, Zhang X, Xu Z, Shi J. Purification and characterization of a glycosidase with hydrolyzing multi-3-O-glycosides of spirostanol saponin activity from Gibberella intermedia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Spohner SC, Zahn D, Schaum V, Quitmann H, Czermak P. Recombinant α- l -rhamnosidase from Aspergillus terreus in selective trimming of α- l -rhamnose from steviol glycosides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Singh P, Sahota PP, Singh RK. Evaluation and characterization of new α-L-rhamnosidase-producing yeast strains. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2015; 61:149-56. [PMID: 26582283 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.61.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A total of thirty yeast strains were isolated from a whey beverage and screened for α-L-rhamnosidase enzyme production. Of these, only four isolates were capable of producing the α-L-rhamnosidase enzyme by hydrolyzing naringin. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the morphology of the yeast isolate (isolate No. 84) producing the greatest enzyme, changed from oval to filamentous in the presence of naringin. On the basis of morphological and molecular characterization (ITS sequencing), these four isolates were identified as Clavispora lusitaniae-84, Clavispora lusitaniae-B82, Candida sp.-86 and Candida hyderabadensis-S82). Fermentation parameters and the biochemical characterization of the α-L-rhamnosidase-producing yeast isolates were studied based on carbon substrate utilization profiles using BIOLOG phenotype microarray plates. Intra-species genetic diversity among the isolates was evaluated by whole genome analysis with repetitive DNA sequences (ERIC, REP and BOX) based DNA fingerprinting. On the basis of these results, it was found that these isolates of yeast producing L-rhamnosidase have a great potential application for beverage quality enhancement, and can build a strong foundation of α-L-rhamnosidase-producing yeast strains in the debittering of citrus juice.
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Rabausch U, Ilmberger N, Streit W. The metagenome-derived enzyme RhaB opens a new subclass of bacterial B type α-l-rhamnosidases. J Biotechnol 2014; 191:38-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ni H, Xiao AF, Wang YQ, Chen F, Cai HN, Su WJ. Development and evaluation of an HPLC method for accurate determinations of enzyme activities of naringinase complex. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:10026-10032. [PMID: 24070201 DOI: 10.1021/jf402711h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An HPLC method that can separate naringin, prunin, and naringenin was used to help accurately measure the activities of naringinase and its subunits (α-L-rhamnosidase and β-D-glucosidase). The activities of the naringinase and β-d-glucosidase were determined through an indirect calculation of the naringenin concentration to avoid interference from its poor solubility. The measured enzymatic activities of the naringinase complex, α-L-rhamnosidase, and β-D-glucosidase were the as same as their theoretical activities when the substrates' (i.e., naringin or prunin) concentrations were 200 μg/mL, and the enzyme concentrations were within the range of 0.06-0.43, 0.067-0.53, and 0.15-1.13 U/mL, respectively. The β-D-glucosidase had a much higher Vmax than either naringinase or α-L-rhamnosidase, implying the hydrolysis of naringin to prunin was the limiting step of the enzyme reaction. The reliability of the method was finally validated through the repeatability test, indicating its feasibility for the determinations of the naringinase complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ni
- College of Bioengineering, Jimei University , Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, People's Republic of China
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11
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Liu T, Yu H, Liu C, Bao Y, Hu X, Wang Y, Liu B, Fu Y, Tang S, Jin F. Preparation of progenin III from total steroidal saponins of Dioscorea nipponica Makino using a crude enzyme from Aspergillus oryzae strain. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 40:427-36. [PMID: 23471779 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-013-1246-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Progenin III, one of the most active spirostanol saponins, is a potential candidate for anti-cancer therapy due to its strong antitumor activity and low hemolytic activity. However, the concentration of progenin III is extremely low in natural Dioscorea plants. In this paper, the progenin III production from total steroidal saponins of Dioscorea nipponica Makino was studied using the crude enzyme from Aspergillus oryzae DLFCC-38. The crude enzyme converting total steroidal saponins into progenin III was obtained from the A. oryzae DLFCC-38 culture. For enzyme production, the strain was cultured for 72 h at 30 °C with shaking at 150 rpm in 5 % (w/v) malt extract medium containing 2 % (v/v) extract of D. nipponica as the enzyme inducer. The crude enzyme converted total steroidal saponins into major progenin III with a high yield when the reaction was carried out for 9 h at 50 °C and pH 5.0 with the 20 mg/ml of substrate. In the preparation of progenin III, 117 g of crude progenin III was obtained from 160 g of substrate, and the crude product was purified with silica gel column to obtain 60.3 g progenin III of 93.4 % purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingqiang Liu
- College of Science, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, People's Republic of China
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Yadav V, Yadav S, Yadav S, Yadav KDS. α-L-rhamnosidase from Aspergillus clavato-nanicus MTCC-9611 active at alkaline pH. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683812030155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Gerstorferová D, Fliedrová B, Halada P, Marhol P, Křen V, Weignerová L. Recombinant α-l-rhamnosidase from Aspergillus terreus in selective trimming of rutin. Process Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2012.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Yadav S, Yadav V, Yadav S, Yadav KD. Purification, characterisation and application of α-l-rhamnosidase from Penicillium citrinum MTCC-8897. Int J Food Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02838.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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15
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Improved purification of α-L-rhamnosidase from Aspergillus niger naringinase. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-011-0723-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Zhou WB, Feng B, Huang HZ, Liu P, Yu HS, Zhao Y, Qin YJ, Kang LP, Ma BP. Hydrolysis of timosaponin BII by the crude enzyme from Aspergillus niger AS 3.0739. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2010; 12:955-961. [PMID: 21061217 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2010.510470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Timosaponin BII (1), a steroidal saponin showing potential anti-dementia activity, was regioselectively hydrolyzed into its deglycosyl derivatives by the crude enzyme from Aspergillus niger AS 3.0739. Three biotransformation products, timosaponin BII-a (2), timosaponin BII-b (3), and timosaponin BII-c (4), were purified and their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D NMR, 2D NMR, FAB-MS, and HR-ESI-MS spectral data. Compounds 2 and 3 are new compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
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Feng B, Huang HZ, Zhou WB, Kang LP, Zou P, Liu YX, Yu HS, Han BQ, Li YY, Zhang LL, Zhang T, Ma BP. Substrate specificity, purification and identification of a novel pectinase with the specificity of hydrolyzing the α-1,4-glycosyl residue in steroidal saponin. Process Biochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2010.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Zhu YL, Huang W, Ni JR, Liu W, Li H. Production of diosgenin from Dioscorea zingiberensis tubers through enzymatic saccharification and microbial transformation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 85:1409-16. [PMID: 19730849 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2200-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Revised: 08/10/2009] [Accepted: 08/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In order to develop a clean and effective approach for producing the valuable drug diosgenin from Dioscorea zingiberensis tubers, two successive processes, enzymatic saccharification and microbial transformation, were used. With enzymatic saccharification, 98.0% of starch was excluded from the raw herb, releasing saponins from the network structure of starch. Subsequently, the treated tubers were fermented with Trichoderma reesei under optimal conditions for 156 h. During microbial transformation, glycosidic bonds, which link beta-D-glucose or alpha-L-rhamnose with aglycone at the C-3 position in saponins, were broken down effectively to give a diosgenin yield of 90.6+/-2.45%, 42.4% higher than that obtained from bioconversion of raw tubers directly. Scaled up fermentation was conducted in a 5.0-l bioreactor and gave a diosgenin yield of 91.2+/-3.21%. This is the first report on the preparation of diosgenin from herbs through microbial transformation as well as utilizing other available components in the raw material, providing an environmentally friendly alternative to diosgenin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China
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Baiping M, Bing F, Hongzhi H, Yuwen C. Biotransformation of Chinese Herbs and Their Ingredients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1876-3553(11)60012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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21
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Liu W, Huang W, Sun W, Zhu Y, Ni J. Production of diosgenin from yellow ginger (Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright) saponins by commercial cellulase. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 26:1171-80. [PMID: 24026920 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-009-0285-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2009] [Accepted: 12/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A commercial cellulase was first assessed to be effective in hydrolyzing glycosyl at the C-3 and C-26 positions in steroidal saponins from yellow ginger (Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright) to diosgenin, a very important chemical in the pharmaceutical industry. The effect of different parameters on enzyme hydrolysis was further investigated by systematically varying them. The highest yield was achieved when the hydrolysis ran at 55°C and pH 5.0 with an enzyme to substrate ratio of 15 × 10(3) U/g. The biotransformed products identified using TLC and HPLC confirmed that the cellulase was capable of releasing diosgenin from steroidal saponins. Moreover, the biotransformation process was explored by LC-MS and LC-MS/MS analysis. Enzymatic hydrolysis together with 40 % of the original sulphuric acid used increased the diosgenin yield by 15.4 ± 2.7% than traditional method. Therefore, the commercial cellulase may serve as a promising tool for industrial diosgenin production and for further use in saponin modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, 100871, Beijing, China
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Zhai C, Lu Q, Chen X, Peng Y, Chen L, Du S. Molecularly imprinted layer-coated silica nanoparticles toward highly selective separation of active diosgenin from Dioscorea nipponica Makino. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:2254-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2008] [Revised: 12/21/2008] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Huang W, Zhao H, Ni J, Zuo H, Qiu L, Li H, Li H. The best utilization of D. zingiberensis C.H. Wright by an eco-friendly process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:7407-7411. [PMID: 18321698 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2007] [Revised: 01/07/2008] [Accepted: 01/07/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
An eco-friendly process for the best utilization of D. zingiberensis C.H. Wright tubers was developed. In the first stage, cellulose and ethanol were recovered by physical separation, multi-enzymes hydrolysis with yeast fermentation, and in the second stage diosgenin was separated using ethanol-modified supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. The new approach could not only recover 95% of diosgenin production, 95% of ethanol and 75% of cellulose, but also efficiently reduce 88% of COD in wastewater compared with the conventional method, which only extract diosgenin with discharging 80,000mg/l of COD into public sewers. The research indicates that the proposed system could be a clean and technological-efficient alternative to conventional processing of D. zingiberensis C.H. Wright tubers in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Huang
- Institute for Nanobiomedical Technology and Membrane Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Human Diseases, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Feng B, Hu W, Ma BP, Wang YZ, Huang HZ, Wang SQ, Qian XH. Purification, characterization, and substrate specificity of a glucoamylase with steroidal saponin-rhamnosidase activity from Curvularia lunata. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 76:1329-38. [PMID: 17823796 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-007-1117-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2007] [Revised: 07/08/2007] [Accepted: 07/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been previously reported that a glucoamylase from Curvularia lunata is able to hydrolyze the terminal 1,2-linked rhamnosyl residues of sugar chains at C-3 position of steroidal saponins. In this work, the enzyme was isolated and identified after isolation and purification by column chromatography including gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. Analysis of protein fragments by MALDI-TOF/TOF proteomics Analyzer indicated the enzyme to be 1,4-alpha-D-glucan glucohydrolase EC 3.2.1.3, GA and had considerable homology with the glucoamylase from Aspergillus oryzae. We first found that the glucoamylase was produced from C. lunata and was able to hydrolyze the terminal rhamnosyl of steroidal saponins. The enzyme had the general character of glucoamylase, which hydrolyze starch. It had a molecular mass of 66 kDa and was optimally active at 50 degrees C, pH 4, and specific activity of 12.34 U mg of total protein(-1) under the conditions, using diosgenin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->4)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->2)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (compound II) as the substrate. Furthermore, four kinds of commercial glucoamylases from Aspergillus niger were investigated in this work, and they had the similar activity in hydrolyzing terminal rhamnosyl residues of steroidal saponin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Feng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
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Feng B, Kang LP, Ma BP, Quan B, Zhou WB, Wang YZ, Zhao Y, Liu YX, Wang SQ. The substrate specificity of a glucoamylase with steroidal saponin-rhamnosidase activity from Curvularia lunata. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
This article reviews the progress in the chemistry of the steroids that was published between January and December 2005. The reactions and partial synthesis of estrogens, androgens, pregnanes, bile acid derivatives, cholestanes and vitamin D analogues are covered. There are 139 references.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9QJ, UK
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