1
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Pan YY, Zhu XW, Shi L, Jiang G, Wu XX. Palladium-Catalyzed Heck Cyclization with P(O)H Compounds to Construct Phosphinonyl-Azaindoline and -Azaoxindole Derivatives. J Org Chem 2023; 88:9843-9852. [PMID: 37433020 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
We report herein a concise method for the construction of phosphinonyl-azaindoline and -azaoxindole derivatives via a palladium-catalyzed cascade cyclization with P(O)H compounds. Various H-phosphonates, H-phosphinates, and aromatic secondary phosphine oxides are all tolerated under the reaction conditions. Furthermore, the phosphinonyl-azaindoline isomer families such as 7-, 5-, and 4-azaindolines could be synthesized in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yun Pan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
| | - Xi-Wei Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
| | - Lei Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
| | - Guomin Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Xing Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
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2
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Atchuta Ramarao T, Jha A, Sen A. A Mechanistic Approach on the Cs
2
CO
3
Mediated Synthesis of 4‐Azaindole Analogues Bearing Pyridine‐3‐Carboxamide and 1‐Phenylethanone. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Atchuta Ramarao
- Department of Chemistry GITAM Institute of Science GITAM (Deemed to be University), Rushikonda Visakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh 530045 India
| | - Anjali Jha
- Department of Chemistry GITAM Institute of Science GITAM (Deemed to be University), Rushikonda Visakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh 530045 India
| | - Anik Sen
- Department of Chemistry GITAM Institute of Science GITAM (Deemed to be University), Rushikonda Visakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh 530045 India
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3
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Xu X, Ou M, Wang YE, Lin T, Xiong D, Xue F, Walsh P, Mao J. Alkali-Amide Controlled Selective Synthesis of 7-Azaindole and 7-Azaindoline through Domino Reactions of 2-Fluoro-3-methylpyridine and Aldehydes. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00339b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Azaindoles and azaindolines are important core structures in pharmaceuticals and natural products, which have found wide applications in the field of medicinal chemistrty. In this study, we developed a novel...
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4
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Vanaparthi S, Mamta, Yadav J, Pawar AP, Iype E, Rana S, Kumar I. Two-pot synthesis and photophysical studies of 1,6-disubstituted 5-aza-indoles from succinaldehyde and N-aryl propargylic-imines. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:10601-10610. [PMID: 34859806 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01949j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A two-pot synthesis of 5-aza-indoles has been developed from aqueous succinaldehyde and N-aryl propargylic-imines. This overall protocol involves: (i) the metal-free [3 + 2] annulation of aqueous succinaldehyde and N-aryl propargylic-imines to access 2-alkynyl-pyrrole-3-aldehydes and (ii) Ag-catalyzed 6-endo-dig-cyclization to obtain substituted 5-aza-indoles in the second pot. The 5-aza-indoles showed engaging photophysical activities, and the practicality of this pot-economic gram-scale synthesis has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satheeshvarma Vanaparthi
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333 031, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Mamta
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333 031, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Jyothi Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333 031, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Amol Prakash Pawar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333 031, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Eldhose Iype
- Department of Chemical Engineering, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sravendra Rana
- University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), School of Engineering, Energy Acres, Bidholi, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Indresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333 031, Rajasthan, India.
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5
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Radix S, Hallé F, Mahiout Z, Teissonnière A, Bouchez G, Auberger L, Barret R, Lomberget T. A journey through Hemetsberger‐Knittel, Leimgruber‐Batcho and Bartoli reactions: access to several hydroxy 5‐ and 6‐azaindoles. Helv Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202100211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Thierry Lomberget
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246 Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), Faculté de Pharmacie-ISPB, 8, Avenue Rockefeller, F-69373, Lyon, Cedex 08, France FRANCE
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6
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Abstract
N-heterocycles, both saturated and unsaturated, are ubiquitous biologically active molecules that are extremely appealing scaffolds in drug discovery programs. Although classical synthetic methods have been developed to access many relevant N-heterocyclic scaffolds, representing well-established and reliable routes, some do not meet the needs of sustainability. In this context, several advances have been made towards the sustainable synthesis of N-heterocycles. This review focuses on the most recent examples from the last five years of catalytic synthesis of several heterocyclic compounds of medicinal relevance. Thus, the synthesis of isoindoloquinazolines, quinazolines and azaindoles, among others, are covered. The synthetic methods selected include the use of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts and the use of alternative and sustainable methods such as, for example, metal-catalyzed acceptorless coupling and one-pot reactions. The green aspects of the individual synthetic approaches are highlighted, and the scope of each methodology is described.
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7
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Zard SZ. The Xanthate Route to Indolines, Indoles, and their Aza Congeners. Chemistry 2020; 26:12689-12705. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samir Z. Zard
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, UMR 7652 Ecole Polytechnique 91128 Palaiseau France
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8
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Bhaskaran S, Padusha MSA, Sajith AM. Application of Palladium Based Precatalytic Systems in the Suzuki‐Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Chloro‐ Heterocycles. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Savitha Bhaskaran
- Postgraduate and Research Department of ChemistryJamal Mohamed College, Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli India
| | - M. Syed Ali Padusha
- Postgraduate and Research Department of ChemistryJamal Mohamed College, Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli India
| | - Ayyiliath M Sajith
- Ortin laboratories Pvt. Ltd, Malkapur VillageChoutuppal Mandal, Hyderabad Telangana India- 508252
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9
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Ivonin SP, Yurchenko AA, Voloshchuk VV, Yurchenko SA, Rusanov EB, Pirozhenko VV, Volochnyuk DM, Kostyuk AN. A convenient approach to 3-trifluoromethyl-6-azaindoles. J Fluor Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2020.109509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Dudhe P, Venkatasubbaiah K, Pathak B, Chelvam V. Serendipitous base catalysed condensation-heteroannulation of iminoesters: a regioselective route to the synthesis of 4,6-disubstituted 5-azaindoles. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:1582-1587. [PMID: 32048705 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02657f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A serendipitous discovery of a novel one-pot synthesis of 4,6-disubstituted 5-azaindoles is reported herein. In the presence of Hunig's base, various N-substituted pyrrole-2-carboxaldehydes have been efficiently transformed into their corresponding 4,6-disubstituted 5-azaindoles through an imine mediated cascade condensation-heteroannulation. The synthetic value of the methodology is established by preparing a novel chemical analogue of a cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2) agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premansh Dudhe
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore-453 552, India.
| | - Krishnan Venkatasubbaiah
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar-752 050, Odisha, India
| | - Biswarup Pathak
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore-453 552, India.
| | - Venkatesh Chelvam
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore-453 552, India. and Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore-453 552, India
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11
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Bartko SG, Hamzik PJ, Espindola L, Gomez C, Danheiser RL. Synthesis of Highly Substituted Pyridines via [4 + 2] Cycloadditions of Vinylallenes and Sulfonyl Cyanides. J Org Chem 2020; 85:548-563. [PMID: 31797669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A convergent strategy for the synthesis of multisubstituted pyridines is described. Vinylallenes combine with commercially available arylsulfonyl cyanides in Diels-Alder cycloadditions to generate isopyridine cycloadducts that are converted to pyridines upon further heating or addition of a base. The 2-sulfonylpyridine products undergo nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions with oxygen and carbon nucleophiles to provide access to a variety of highly substituted pyridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel G Bartko
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Phillip J Hamzik
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Leandro Espindola
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Christian Gomez
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Rick L Danheiser
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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12
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Le Y, Yang Z, Chen Y, Chen D, Yan L, Wang Z, Ouyang G. Microwave-assisted synthesis of 7-azaindoles via iron-catalyzed cyclization of an o-haloaromatic amine with terminal alkynes. RSC Adv 2019; 9:39684-39688. [PMID: 35541389 PMCID: PMC9076099 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08742g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient and practical procedure was developed to prepare 7-azaindole, starting from an o-haloaromatic amine and corresponding terminal alkynes under microwave irradiation and the scope was demonstrated with a number of examples. The valuable features of this procedure included the iron-catalyzed cyclization, short reaction times and convenient operation. Furthermore, iron catalysis is an interesting alternative to homogeneous catalysis for the synthesis of heterocycles. An efficient and practical procedure was developed to prepare 7-azaindole, starting from an o-haloaromatic amine and corresponding terminal alkynes under microwave irradiation and the scope was demonstrated with a number of examples.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Le
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China .,Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Zhisong Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Yumei Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Longjia Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China .,Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Zhenchao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China .,Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Guiping Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China .,Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs Guiyang 550025 China
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13
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Verma S, Kumar M, Mishra PK, Verma AK. Metal-Free Carbonyl-Assisted Regioselective Hydration of Alkynes: An Access to Dicarbonyls. Org Lett 2019; 21:5059-5063. [PMID: 31199155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Metal-free regioselective hydration of o-alkynylaldehydes with the assistance of neighboring carbonyl oxygen is disclosed. The developed protocol provides a facile route to synthesize a series of multisubstituted carbonyl containing scaffolds that enable the potential application toward the synthesis of highly diversified 5-azaindoles. γ-Carbolines and 2,8-diazacarbazoles can also be accessed directly without isolating the dicarbonyl compounds. The developed methodology is operationally simple and environment-friendly, tolerates a wide variety of functional groups, and is applicable toward large scale synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Verma
- Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , Delhi 110007 , India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , Delhi 110007 , India
| | - Pawan K Mishra
- Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , Delhi 110007 , India
| | - Akhilesh K Verma
- Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , Delhi 110007 , India
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14
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Guzii AG, Makarieva TN, Denisenko VA, Gerasimenko AV, Udovenko AA, Popov RS, Dmitrenok PS, Golotin VA, Fedorov SN, Grebnev BB, Stonik VA. Guitarrins A-E and Aluminumguitarrin A: 5-Azaindoles from the Northwestern Pacific Marine Sponge Guitarra fimbriata. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:1704-1709. [PMID: 31181923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Guitarrins A-E (1-5), the first natural 5-azaindoles, and aluminumguitarrin A (1a), the first aluminum-containing compound from marine invertebrates, were isolated from the sponge Guitarra fimbriata. The structures of these compounds were established using detailed analysis of 1D and 2D NMR data, mass spectra, and X-ray analysis of 1 and 1a. Compound 3 was proved to be a natural inhibitor of alkaline phosphatase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla G Guzii
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku 159 , Vladivostok 690022 , Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana N Makarieva
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku 159 , Vladivostok 690022 , Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir A Denisenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku 159 , Vladivostok 690022 , Russian Federation
| | - Andrey V Gerasimenko
- Institute of Chemistry, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku 159 , Vladivostok 690022 , Russian Federation
| | - Anatoly A Udovenko
- Institute of Chemistry, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku 159 , Vladivostok 690022 , Russian Federation
| | - Roman S Popov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku 159 , Vladivostok 690022 , Russian Federation
| | - Pavel S Dmitrenok
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku 159 , Vladivostok 690022 , Russian Federation
| | - Vasily A Golotin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku 159 , Vladivostok 690022 , Russian Federation
| | - Sergey N Fedorov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku 159 , Vladivostok 690022 , Russian Federation
| | - Boris B Grebnev
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku 159 , Vladivostok 690022 , Russian Federation
| | - Valentin A Stonik
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku 159 , Vladivostok 690022 , Russian Federation
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15
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A highly efficient precatalytic system (XPhos-PdG2) for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling of 7-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine employing low catalyst loading. Mol Divers 2019; 23:697-707. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-018-9904-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Gómez A, Funes-Ardoiz I, Sampedro D, Santamaría J. Unexpected [4 + 2] Cycloaddition through Chromium Non-Heteroatom-Stabilized Alkynyl Carbene Complexes: Regioselective Access to Substituted 6-Azaindoles. Org Lett 2018; 20:4099-4102. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aránzazu Gómez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica e Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles”, Unidad Asociada al C.S.I.C. Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ignacio Funes-Ardoiz
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Diego Sampedro
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Javier Santamaría
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica e Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles”, Unidad Asociada al C.S.I.C. Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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17
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Purificação SI, Pires MJD, Rippel R, Santos AS, Marques MMB. One-Pot Synthesis of 1,2-Disubstituted 4-, 5-, 6-, and 7-Azaindoles from Amino-o-halopyridines via N-Arylation/Sonogashira/Cyclization Reaction. Org Lett 2017; 19:5118-5121. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara I. Purificação
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Departamento
de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Marina J. D. Pires
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Departamento
de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rafael Rippel
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Departamento
de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - A. Sofia Santos
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Departamento
de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - M. Manuel B. Marques
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Departamento
de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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18
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Balfour MN, Franco CH, Moraes CB, Freitas-Junior LH, Stefani HA. Synthesis and trypanocidal activity of a library of 4-substituted 2-(1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-2-yl)propan-2-ols. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 128:202-212. [PMID: 28189084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A library of 16 4-substituted 2-(1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-2-yl)propan-2-ols 17-32 has been synthesized for use in biological testing against Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease. The 4-substituted 2-(1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-2-yl)propan-2-ols 17-32 were subjected to biological testing to evaluate their efficacy against intracellular Trypanosoma cruzi (Y strain) amastigotes infecting U2OS human cells, with benznidazole as a reference compound. The assay was performed in duplicate (two independent experiments) and submitted to High Content Analysis (HCA) for determination of trypanocidal activity. Three of the tested compounds presented relatively high trypanocidal activity (19, 22 and 29), however severe host cell toxicity was observed concomitantly. Chemical optimization of the highly active compounds and the synthesis of more compounds for biological testing against Trypanosoma cruzi will be required to improve selectivity and so that a structure-activity relationship can be generated to provide a more insightful analysis of both chemical and biological aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N Balfour
- Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Caio H Franco
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências (LNBio), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina B Moraes
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências (LNBio), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucio H Freitas-Junior
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências (LNBio), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Hélio A Stefani
- Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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19
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Tzvetkov NT, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Antonov L. A simple approach to multifunctionalized N1-alkylated 7-amino-6-azaoxindole derivatives using their in situ stabilized tautomer form. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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20
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Nickel J, Fernández M, Klier L, Knochel P. Synthesis of Pyrrolo[2,3-d
]pyrimidines by Copper-Mediated Carbomagnesiations of N
-Sulfonyl Ynamides and Application to the Preparation of Rigidin A and a 7-Azaserotonin Derivative. Chemistry 2016; 22:14397-400. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Nickel
- Ludwig Maximilians-Universität München; Department Chemie; Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
| | - Maitane Fernández
- Ludwig Maximilians-Universität München; Department Chemie; Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
| | - Lydia Klier
- Ludwig Maximilians-Universität München; Department Chemie; Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Ludwig Maximilians-Universität München; Department Chemie; Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
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21
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Pires MJD, Poeira DL, Purificação SI, Marques MMB. Synthesis of Substituted 4-, 5-, 6-, and 7-Azaindoles from Aminopyridines via a Cascade C–N Cross-Coupling/Heck Reaction. Org Lett 2016; 18:3250-3. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina J. D. Pires
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Departamento
de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Diogo L. Poeira
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Departamento
de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Sara I. Purificação
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Departamento
de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - M. Manuel B. Marques
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Departamento
de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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22
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Palmieri A, Petrini M. Sulfonyl Azoles in the Synthesis of 3-Functionalized Azole Derivatives. CHEM REC 2016; 16:1353-79. [PMID: 27147297 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201500291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sulfonyl indoles, as well as related azolyl derivatives, have been recently introduced in synthesis as stable precursors of reactive indolenine intermediates. This personal account reports on the discovery of sulfonyl azoles and their practical utilization in many synthetic processes for the preparation of functionalized 3-substituted indoles, indazoles, and pyrroles. The indolenine intermediates obtained by treatment of sulfonyl azoles with Brønsted bases or Lewis acids can be considered as vinylogous imino derivatives that can be made to react with different nucleophilic reagents. These include organometallic reagents, reducing agents, stabilized carbanions, and heteronucleophiles. The controlled and mild conditions for the generation of indolenines from sulfonyl azoles make these substrates particularly useful in asymmetric synthesis, exploiting organo- or metal-catalyzed processes. Although less exploited, sulfonyl indoles can also be involved in photochemical processes for the preparation of polycyclic derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Palmieri
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, Università di Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Marino Petrini
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, Università di Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
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23
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Choi JH, Lim HJ. Mild one-pot Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons olefination and intramolecular N-arylation for the syntheses of indoles, all regio-isomeric azaindoles, and thienopyrroles. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 13:5131-8. [PMID: 25832901 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00528k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses of various N-protected aromatic-ring fused pyrrole-2-carboxylate derivatives have been accomplished using mild one-pot Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons olefination and Cu-catalyzed intramolecular N-arylation reactions. The optimized mild one-pot reaction conditions of various 2-bromo arylcarboxaldehydes with commercially available N-protected phosphonoglycine trimethylesters gave the desired aromatic-ring fused pyrrole-2-carboxylates, such as substituted indole-, all regio-isomeric azaindole-, and thienopyrrole-2-carboxylates, in good to excellent yields. These conditions showed broad substrate compatibility, without the loss of the protecting group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Choi
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 305-345, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Dias Pires MJ, Poeira DL, Marques MMB. Metal-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions of Aminopyridines. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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25
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Nuhant P, Allais C, Chen MZ, Coe JW, Dermenci A, Fadeyi OO, Flick AC, Mousseau JJ. Access to Highly Substituted 7-Azaindoles from 2-Fluoropyridines via 7-Azaindoline Intermediates. Org Lett 2015; 17:4292-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Nuhant
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christophe Allais
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ming Z. Chen
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jotham W. Coe
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Alpay Dermenci
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Olugbeminiyi O. Fadeyi
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Andrew C. Flick
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - James J. Mousseau
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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26
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Danneman MW, Hong KB, Johnston JN. A Unified Approach to the Four Azaindoline Families by Inter-/Intramolecular Annulative Diamination of Vinylpyridines. Org Lett 2015; 17:3806-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael W. Danneman
- Department of Chemistry and
Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Ki Bum Hong
- Department of Chemistry and
Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Jeffrey N. Johnston
- Department of Chemistry and
Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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27
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Christmann M, Hu J, Kitamura M, Stoltz B. Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(15)00744-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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28
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Gee MB, Kim TS, Yum EK. Palladium-catalyzed heteroannulation approach to 7-azatryptophan with a Schöllkopf chiral auxiliary. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Moon Bae Gee
- Department of Chemistry; Chungnam National University; Taejeon 305-764 Korea
| | - Tae Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry; Chungnam National University; Taejeon 305-764 Korea
| | - Eul Kgun Yum
- Department of Chemistry; Chungnam National University; Taejeon 305-764 Korea
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29
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Abstract
In 1989, the reaction of vinyl magnesium halides with ortho-substituted nitroarenes leading to indoles was discovered. This reaction is now frequently reported as the "Bartoli reaction" or the "Bartoli indole synthesis" (BIS). It has rapidly become the shortest and most flexible route to 7-substituted indoles, because the classical indole syntheses generally fail in their preparation. The flexibility of the Bartoli reaction is great as it can be extended to heteroaromatic nitro derivatives and can be run on solid support. This review will focus on the use of the Bartoli indole synthesis as the key step in preparations of complex indoles, which appeared in the literature in the last few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Bartoli
- Dipartimento Chimica Industriale 'Toso Montanari', Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy.
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30
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Nechayev MA, Gorobets NY, Shishkina SV, Shishkin OV, Kovalenko SM. Microwave-assisted acid-catalyzed nucleophilic heteroaromatic substitution: the synthesis of 7-amino-6-azaindoles. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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31
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32
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Zhu Y, Back TG. Preparation of 1,7- and 3,9-Dideazapurines from 2-Amino-3-iodo- and 3-Amino-4-iodopyridines and Activated Acetylenes by Conjugate Addition and Copper-Catalyzed Intramolecular Arylation. J Org Chem 2014; 79:11270-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502150v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Thomas G. Back
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
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33
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Liu Z, Qin L, Zard SZ. Radical ipso-Substitution of a Carbon–Fluorine Bond Leading to Fluoro-7-azaindolines and Fluoro-7-azaindoles. Org Lett 2014; 16:2704-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol500985f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Liu
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique,
UMR 7652 CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Ling Qin
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique,
UMR 7652 CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Samir Z. Zard
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique,
UMR 7652 CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
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34
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Jadhav J, Khanapaure S, Kurane R, Salunkhe R, Rashinkar G. Facile access to 3-cyano-4-azaindoles via a modified Madelung indole synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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35
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Lancianesi S, Palmieri A, Petrini M. Synthesis of 3-(2-Nitroalkyl)pyrroles from Sulfonylpyrroles and their Conversion to 6-Azaindole Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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36
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Stoltz B, Motherwell W. Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(13)01252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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37
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Düfert MA, Billingsley KL, Buchwald SL. Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of unprotected, nitrogen-rich heterocycles: substrate scope and mechanistic investigation. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:12877-85. [PMID: 23909907 DOI: 10.1021/ja4064469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of unprotected, nitrogen-rich heterocycles using precatalysts P1 or P2 is reported. The procedure allows for the reaction of variously substituted indazole, benzimidazole, pyrazole, indole, oxindole, and azaindole halides under mild conditions in good to excellent yields. Additionally, the mechanism behind the inhibitory effect of unprotected azoles on Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions is described based on evidence gained through experimental, crystallographic, and theoretical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alexander Düfert
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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38
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Frischmuth A, Knochel P. Preparation of Functionalized Indoles and Azaindoles by the Intramolecular Copper-Mediated Carbomagnesiation of Ynamides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:10084-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201304380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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39
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Synthese von funktionalisierten Indolen und Azaindolen durch intramolekulare Kupfer-vermittelte Carbomagnesierung von Inamiden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201304380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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40
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Barl NM, Sansiaume-Dagousset E, Karaghiosoff K, Knochel P. Vollfunktionalisierung des 7-Azaindol-Gerüsts durch selektive Metallierung und Sulfoxid-Magnesium-Austausch. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201303490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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41
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Barl NM, Sansiaume-Dagousset E, Karaghiosoff K, Knochel P. Full functionalization of the 7-azaindole scaffold by selective metalation and sulfoxide/magnesium exchange. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:10093-6. [PMID: 23897626 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201303490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Filling positions: 7-Azaindoles are important targets in the pharmaceutical industry. All five carbon positions of the azaindole ring system can be functionalized in a predictable manner starting from the appropriately substituted azaindole 1 by directed metalation and halogen/magnesium and sulfoxide/magnesium exchange. The products are fully substituted azaindoles of type 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja M Barl
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München (Germany)
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42
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43
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Thomae D, Jeanty M, Coste J, Guillaumet G, Suzenet F. Extending the Scope of the Aza-Fischer Synthesis of 4- and 6-Azaindoles. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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44
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Tzvetkov NT, Müller CE. Facile synthesis of 5-amino- and 7-amino-6-azaoxindole derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.07.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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45
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Lee H, Kim JH, Lee WK, Jung JH, Ha HJ. Synthesis of 2,5-Disubstituted 6-Azaindoles from Substituted Aziridines via Intramolecular Cyclization. Org Lett 2012; 14:3120-2. [DOI: 10.1021/ol301187s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hogyu Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin 449-791, Korea
| | - Jun Hee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin 449-791, Korea
| | - Won Koo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin 449-791, Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin 449-791, Korea
| | - Hyun-Joon Ha
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin 449-791, Korea
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46
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A flexible radical approach to 5-substituted 4,5-dihydro-3H-pyrido[4,3-b]azepin-2-ones. Some mechanistic observations on the radical cyclisation-aromatisation process. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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47
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Livecchi M, Calvet G, Schmidt F. Palladium-catalyzed synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted 5-azaindoles via heteroannulation reaction and of 2-substituted 5-azaindoles through domino sila-Sonogashira/5-endo cyclization. J Org Chem 2012; 77:5006-16. [PMID: 22587741 DOI: 10.1021/jo300481s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A general and efficient procedure for the synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted 5-azaindoles through the palladium-catalyzed heteroannulation of 4-acetamido-3-iodopyridines and diaryl-, dialkyl-, or arylalkylalkynes is described along with a study of the reaction regioselectivity. The preparation of 2-monosubstituted 5-azaindoles via sila-Sonogashira/5-endo cyclization is also reported. These methods allowed us to prepare 36 diversely substituted 5-azaindoles in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Livecchi
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris F-75248, France
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48
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Hou Z, Suzuki Y, Oishi S, Fujii N, Ohno H. Efficient synthesis of aminomethylated azaindoles and corresponding pyrrole-fused derivatives by copper-catalyzed domino multicomponent coupling and cyclization. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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49
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Schneider C, David E, Toutov AA, Snieckus V. In Situ Anionic Shielding for Regioselective Metalation: Directed peri and Iterative Metalation Routes to Polyfunctionalized 7-Azaindoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201108016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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50
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