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Kępczyński J, Kępczyńska E. Plant-Derived Smoke and Karrikin 1 in Seed Priming and Seed Biotechnology. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2378. [PMID: 37376003 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived smoke and smoke water (SW) can stimulate seed germination in numerous plants from fire-prone and fire-free areas, including cultivated plants and agricultural weeds. Smoke contains thousands of compounds; only several stimulants and inhibitors have been isolated from smoke. Among the six karrikins present in smoke, karrikin 1 (KAR1) seems to be key for the stimulating effect of smoke. The discovery and activity of highly diluted SW and KAR1 at extremely low concentrations (even at ca. 10-9 M) inducing seed germination of a wide array of horticultural and agricultural plants have created tremendous opportunities for the use of these factors in pre-sowing seed treatment through smoke- or KAR1-priming. This review presents examples of effects exerted by the two types of priming on seed germination and seedling emergence, growth, and development, as well as on the content of some compounds and enzyme activity. Seed biotechnology may involve both SW and KAR1. Some examples demonstrate that SW and/or KAR1 increased the efficiency of somatic embryogenesis, somatic embryo germination and conversion to plantlets. It is also possible to stimulate in vitro seed germination by SW, which allows to use in orchid propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kępczyński
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Waska 13, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Kępczyńska
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Waska 13, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
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2
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Xiao G, Su G, Slawin AMZ, Westwood N. From Biomass to the Karrikins
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Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Hemicellulose‐Derived Butyl Xylosides and Glucosides. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ganyuan Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM North Haugh St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Gerard Su
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM North Haugh St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM North Haugh St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Nicholas Westwood
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM North Haugh St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
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3
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Thorat SS, Kontham R. Strategies for the synthesis of furo-pyranones and their application in the total synthesis of related natural products. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01421d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The furo-pyranone framework is widely present in the molecular structure of various biologically potent natural products and un-natural small molecules, and it represents a valuable target in synthetic organic chemistry and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar S. Thorat
- Organic Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune-411008
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Ravindar Kontham
- Organic Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune-411008
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
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4
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Carbonnel S, Torabi S, Griesmann M, Bleek E, Tang Y, Buchka S, Basso V, Shindo M, Boyer FD, Wang TL, Udvardi M, Waters MT, Gutjahr C. Lotus japonicus karrikin receptors display divergent ligand-binding specificities and organ-dependent redundancy. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009249. [PMID: 33370251 PMCID: PMC7808659 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Karrikins (KARs), smoke-derived butenolides, are perceived by the α/β-fold hydrolase KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2) and thought to mimic endogenous, yet elusive plant hormones tentatively called KAI2-ligands (KLs). The sensitivity to different karrikin types as well as the number of KAI2 paralogs varies among plant species, suggesting diversification and co-evolution of ligand-receptor relationships. We found that the genomes of legumes, comprising a number of important crops with protein-rich, nutritious seed, contain two or more KAI2 copies. We uncover sub-functionalization of the two KAI2 versions in the model legume Lotus japonicus and demonstrate differences in their ability to bind the synthetic ligand GR24ent-5DS in vitro and in genetic assays with Lotus japonicus and the heterologous Arabidopsis thaliana background. These differences can be explained by the exchange of a widely conserved phenylalanine in the binding pocket of KAI2a with a tryptophan in KAI2b, which arose independently in KAI2 proteins of several unrelated angiosperms. Furthermore, two polymorphic residues in the binding pocket are conserved across a number of legumes and may contribute to ligand binding preferences. The diversification of KAI2 binding pockets suggests the occurrence of several different KLs acting in non-fire following plants, or an escape from possible antagonistic exogenous molecules. Unexpectedly, L. japonicus responds to diverse synthetic KAI2-ligands in an organ-specific manner. Hypocotyl growth responds to KAR1, KAR2 and rac-GR24, while root system development responds only to KAR1. This differential responsiveness cannot be explained by receptor-ligand preferences alone, because LjKAI2a is sufficient for karrikin responses in the hypocotyl, while LjKAI2a and LjKAI2b operate redundantly in roots. Instead, it likely reflects differences between plant organs in their ability to transport or metabolise the synthetic KLs. Our findings provide new insights into the evolution and diversity of butenolide ligand-receptor relationships, and open novel research avenues into their ecological significance and the mechanisms controlling developmental responses to divergent KLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy Carbonnel
- LMU Munich, Faculty of Biology, Genetics, Biocenter Martinsried, Martinsried, Germany
- Technical University of Munich (TUM), TUM School of Life Sciences, Plant Genetics, Freising, Germany
| | - Salar Torabi
- LMU Munich, Faculty of Biology, Genetics, Biocenter Martinsried, Martinsried, Germany
- Technical University of Munich (TUM), TUM School of Life Sciences, Plant Genetics, Freising, Germany
| | - Maximilian Griesmann
- LMU Munich, Faculty of Biology, Genetics, Biocenter Martinsried, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Elias Bleek
- LMU Munich, Faculty of Biology, Genetics, Biocenter Martinsried, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Yuhong Tang
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Stefan Buchka
- LMU Munich, Faculty of Biology, Genetics, Biocenter Martinsried, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Veronica Basso
- LMU Munich, Faculty of Biology, Genetics, Biocenter Martinsried, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Mitsuru Shindo
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - François-Didier Boyer
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Trevor L. Wang
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Udvardi
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Mark T. Waters
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- LMU Munich, Faculty of Biology, Genetics, Biocenter Martinsried, Martinsried, Germany
- Technical University of Munich (TUM), TUM School of Life Sciences, Plant Genetics, Freising, Germany
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5
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Kirita K, Hosokawa S. Synthesis of Karrikinolide Using the Aldol-Type Acetal Addition Reaction. J Org Chem 2020; 85:3936-3941. [PMID: 31975605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A short step total synthesis of karrikinolide has been achieved. Both α and α' positions of O-acylated acetol were alkylated by the boron-mediated aldol-type acetal addition reaction. The one-pot sequence including the Arbuzov reaction, intramolecular Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction, acidic hydrolysis of acetals, and pyran formation provided karrikinolide. This procedure was applicable to the gram-scale synthesis of karrikinolide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanade Kirita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Seijiro Hosokawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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6
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Lachia M, Fonné-Pfister R, Screpanti C, Rendine S, Renold P, Witmer D, Lumbroso A, Godineau E, Hueber D, De Mesmaeker A. New and Scalable Access to Karrikin (KAR1) and Evaluation of Its Potential Application on Corn Germination. Helv Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201800081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Lachia
- Crop Protection Research; Syngenta Crop Protection AG; Schaffhauserstrasse CH-4332 Stein Switzerland
| | - Raymonde Fonné-Pfister
- Crop Protection Research; Syngenta Crop Protection AG; Schaffhauserstrasse CH-4332 Stein Switzerland
| | - Claudio Screpanti
- Crop Protection Research; Syngenta Crop Protection AG; Schaffhauserstrasse CH-4332 Stein Switzerland
| | - Stefano Rendine
- Crop Protection Research; Syngenta Crop Protection AG; Schaffhauserstrasse CH-4332 Stein Switzerland
| | - Peter Renold
- Crop Protection Research; Syngenta Crop Protection AG; Schaffhauserstrasse CH-4332 Stein Switzerland
| | - David Witmer
- Crop Protection Research; Syngenta Crop Protection AG; Schaffhauserstrasse CH-4332 Stein Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Lumbroso
- Crop Protection Research; Syngenta Crop Protection AG; Schaffhauserstrasse CH-4332 Stein Switzerland
| | - Edouard Godineau
- Crop Protection Research; Syngenta Crop Protection AG; Schaffhauserstrasse CH-4332 Stein Switzerland
| | - Damien Hueber
- Crop Protection Research; Syngenta Crop Protection AG; Schaffhauserstrasse CH-4332 Stein Switzerland
| | - Alain De Mesmaeker
- Crop Protection Research; Syngenta Crop Protection AG; Schaffhauserstrasse CH-4332 Stein Switzerland
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7
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Herde ZD, John PD, Alvarez-Fonseca D, Satyavolu J, Burns CT. Stereoselective acetylation of hemicellulosic C5-sugars. Carbohydr Res 2017; 443-444:1-14. [PMID: 28319681 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The stereoselective peracetylation of α-d-xylose (1) and α-l-arabinose (4) using a combination of triethylamine and acetic anhydride in the presence or absence of a catalytic amount of dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) is described. The peracetylated d-xylose and l-arabinose alpha pyranose anomers 2α and 5α are obtained in 97% and 56% yields respectively. The peracetylated d-xylose beta pyranose anomer 2β is obtained in 71% yield through simple modification of the reaction conditions. Details regarding synthesis and isolation optimization studies under different conditions are presented below. The stereoselective peracetylation reactions disclosed here have been used to separate mixtures of d-xylose and l-arabinose as their peracetylated derivatives 2β and 5α in 47% and 42% yields and can provide pure pentoses after deacetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary D Herde
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Prathap D John
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Dania Alvarez-Fonseca
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Jagannadh Satyavolu
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Christopher T Burns
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook Street, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA; Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
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8
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Chennaiah A, Bhowmick S, Vankar YD. Conversion of glycals into vicinal-1,2-diazides and 1,2-(or 2,1)-azidoacetates using hypervalent iodine reagents and Me3SiN3. Application in the synthesis of N-glycopeptides, pseudo-trisaccharides and an iminosugar. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08637g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycals react with PIFA (or PIDA)–TMSN3in presence of TMSOTf to form sugar derived 1,2-diazides and vicinal azidoacetates. Synthesis of 2-azido-N-glycopeptides, pseudotrisaccharides, and a piperidine triol derivative is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ande Chennaiah
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kanpur – 208016
- India
| | - Srijita Bhowmick
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kanpur – 208016
- India
| | - Yashwant D. Vankar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kanpur – 208016
- India
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9
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Chen C, Wu QY, Shan LY, Zhang B, Verpoort F, Yang GF. Discovery of cytochrome bc1 complex inhibitors inspired by the natural product karrikinolide. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra19424a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel and potent inhibitors targeting the cytochrome bc1 complex were discovered from the natural product karrikinolide for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan 430070
- P. R. China
| | - Qiong-You Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
- P. R. China
| | - Lian-Ying Shan
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
- P. R. China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
- P. R. China
| | - Francis Verpoort
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan 430070
- P. R. China
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
- P. R. China
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10
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Thorsheim K, Siegbahn A, Johnsson RE, Stålbrand H, Manner S, Widmalm G, Ellervik U. Chemistry of xylopyranosides. Carbohydr Res 2015; 418:65-88. [PMID: 26580709 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Xylose is one of the few monosaccharidic building blocks that are used by mammalian cells. In comparison with other monosaccharides, xylose is rather unusual and, so far, only found in two different mammalian structures, i.e. in the Notch receptor and as the linker between protein and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains in proteoglycans. Interestingly, simple soluble xylopyranosides can not only initiate the biosynthesis of soluble GAG chains but also function as inhibitors of important enzymes in the biosynthesis of proteoglycans. Furthermore, xylose is a major constituent of hemicellulosic xylans and thus one of the most abundant carbohydrates on Earth. Altogether, this has spurred a strong interest in xylose chemistry. The scope of this review is to describe synthesis of xylopyranosyl donors, as well as protective group chemistry, modifications, and conformational analysis of xylose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Thorsheim
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Siegbahn
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Richard E Johnsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Henrik Stålbrand
- Centre for Molecular Protein Science, Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sophie Manner
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Göran Widmalm
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Ellervik
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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11
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Di Bussolo V, Frau I, Favero L, Uccello-Barretta G, Balzano F, Crotti P. Regio- and stereoselective behavior of l-arabinal-derived vinyl epoxide in nucleophilic addition reactions. Comparison with conformationally restricted d-galactal-derived analogs. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Volgraf M, Chan L, Huestis MP, Purkey HE, Burkard M, Geck Do M, Harris J, Hunt KW, Liu X, Lyssikatos JP, Rana S, Thomas AA, Vigers GP, Siu M. Synthesis, characterization, and PK/PD studies of a series of spirocyclic pyranochromene BACE1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:2477-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Shindo M, Matsumoto K. Synthesis of Xanthanolides Including New Acylations and Their Synthetic Applications. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2013. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.71.1152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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Scaffidi A, Waters MT, Bond CS, Dixon KW, Smith SM, Ghisalberti EL, Flematti GR. Exploring the molecular mechanism of karrikins and strigolactones. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:3743-6. [PMID: 22542018 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Karrikins and strigolactones are novel plant growth regulators that contain similar molecular features, but very little is known about how they elicit responses in plants. A tentative molecular mechanism has previously been proposed involving a Michael-type addition for both compounds. Through structure-activity studies with karrikins, we now propose an alternative mechanism for karrikin and strigolactone mode of action that involves hydrolysis of the butenolide ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Scaffidi
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
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15
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Nelson DC, Flematti GR, Ghisalberti EL, Dixon KW, Smith SM. Regulation of seed germination and seedling growth by chemical signals from burning vegetation. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 63:107-30. [PMID: 22404467 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042811-105545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that burning of vegetation stimulates new plant growth and landscape regeneration. The discovery that char and smoke from such fires promote seed germination in many species indicates the presence of chemical stimulants. Nitrogen oxides stimulate seed germination, but their importance in post-fire germination has been questioned. Cyanohydrins have been recently identified in aqueous smoke solutions and shown to stimulate germination of some species through the slow release of cyanide. However, the most information is available for karrikins, a family of butenolides related to 3-methyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one. Karrikins stimulate seed germination and influence seedling growth. They are active in species not normally associated with fire, and in Arabidopsis they require the F-box protein MAX2, which also controls responses to strigolactone hormones. We hypothesize that chemical similarity between karrikins and strigolactones provided the opportunity for plants to employ a common signal transduction pathway to respond to both types of compound, while tailoring specific developmental responses to these distinct environmental signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Nelson
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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