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Sato Y, Sugimura K, Edgar KJ, Kamitakahara H. Selective cross-metathesis of cellobiose derivatives with amido-functionalized olefinic structures: A model study for synthesis of cellulosic diblock copolymers. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 339:122274. [PMID: 38823932 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
This work describes a model study for synthesis of cellulose-based block copolymers, investigating selective coupling of peracetyl β-d-cellobiose and perethyl β-d-cellobiose at their reducing-ends by olefin cross-metathesis (CM). Herein we explore suitable pairs of ω-alkenamides that permit selective, quantitative coupling by CM. Condensation reactions of hepta-O-acetyl-β-d-cellobiosylamine or hepta-O-ethyl-β-d-cellobiosylamine with acyl chlorides afforded the corresponding N-(β-d-cellobiosyl)-ω-alkenamide derivatives with an aromatic olefin or linear olefinic structures. Among the introduced olefinic structures, CM of the undec-10-enamide (Type I olefin) and the acrylamide (Type II olefin) gave the hetero-block tetramers, N-(hepta-O-ethyl-β-d-cellobiosyl)-N'-(hepta-O-acetyl-β-d-cellobiosyl)-alkene-α,ω-diamides, with >98 % selectivity. Moreover, selectivity was not influenced by the cellobiose substituents when a Type I olefin with a long alkyl tether was used. Although the amide carbonyl group could chelate the ruthenium atom and reduce CM selectivity, the results indicated that such chelation is suppressed by sterically hindered pyranose rings or the long alkyl chain between the amido group and the double bond. Based on this model study, selective end-to-end coupling of tri-O-ethyl cellulose and acetylated cellobiose was accomplished, proving the concept that this model study with cellobiose derivatives is a useful signpost for selective synthesis of polysaccharide-based block copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Sato
- Division of Forest and Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Sugimura
- Division of Forest and Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Kevin J Edgar
- Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States.
| | - Hiroshi Kamitakahara
- Division of Forest and Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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Zhang T, Wu Z, Ng G, Boyer C. Design of an Oxygen-Tolerant Photo-RAFT System for Protein-Polymer Conjugation Achieving High Bioactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309582. [PMID: 37591792 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Protein-polymer conjugates have significant potential in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. To enable their widespread use, robust conjugation techniques are crucial. This study introduces a photo-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (Photo-RAFT) polymerization system that exhibits excellent oxygen tolerance. This system allows for the synthesis of protein-polymer conjugates with high bioactivity under mild and aerobic conditions. Three photocatalytic systems utilizing Eosin Y (EY) as the photocatalyst with two different cocatalysts (ascorbic acid and triethanolamine) were investigated, each generating distinct reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals. The impact of these ROS on three model proteins (lysozyme, albumin, and myoglobin) was evaluated, demonstrating varying bioactivities based on the ROS produced. The EY/TEOA system was identified as the optimal photo-RAFT initiating system, enabling the preparation of protein-polymer conjugates under aerobic conditions while maintaining high protein enzymatic activity. To showcase the potential of this approach, lysozyme-poly(dimethylaminoethyl acrylate) conjugates were successfully prepared and exhibited enhanced antimicrobial property against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and UNSW RNA Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, 2052, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zilong Wu
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and UNSW RNA Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, 2052, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gervase Ng
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and UNSW RNA Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, 2052, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and UNSW RNA Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, 2052, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Ivanoff DG, Sung J, Butikofer SM, Moore JS, Sottos NR. Cross-Linking Agents for Enhanced Performance of Thermosets Prepared via Frontal Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Mandava S, Koo J, Hwang J, Nallapaneni HK, Park H, Lee J. Cross-Metathesis of Methallyl Halides: Concise Enantioselective Formal Total Synthesis of (-)-Presphaerene. Front Chem 2020; 8:494. [PMID: 32714895 PMCID: PMC7344242 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The cross-metathesis (CM) of methallyl halides catalyzed using four different ruthenium-based complexes-Grubbs catalyst, Grubbs second-generation catalyst, Hoveyda-Grubbs second-generation catalyst, and Stewart-Grubbs catalyst-was investigated. When methallyl chloride or bromide was reacted with a model substrate containing a benzyl ether group, the Grubbs catalyst, and Grubbs second-generation catalyst did not promote the reaction well. However, the Hoveyda-Grubbs second-generation catalyst and Stewart-Grubbs catalyst afforded the corresponding products in moderate to good yield with moderate E/Z selectivity. Accordingly, several functionalized methallyl halides were prepared by CM. Various functional groups were well-tolerated in this system when the Stewart-Grubbs catalyst was used. To demonstrate the practical utility of our method, methallyl halide CM was successfully employed for the formal total synthesis of a natural product (-)-presphaerene, in which the precursor of the key cyclopentanecarboxylate intermediate was efficiently prepared in three steps.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jongkook Lee
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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Tangherlini G, Kalinin DV, Schepmann D, Che T, Mykicki N, Ständer S, Loser K, Wünsch B. Development of Novel Quinoxaline-Based κ-Opioid Receptor Agonists for the Treatment of Neuroinflammation. J Med Chem 2018; 62:893-907. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tangherlini
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dmitrii V. Kalinin
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tao Che
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Nadine Mykicki
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, von-Esmarch-Street 58, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- CRC1009 Breaking Barriers and CRC-TR 128 Multiple Sclerosis, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sonja Ständer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, von-Esmarch-Street 58, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Karin Loser
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, von-Esmarch-Street 58, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- CRC1009 Breaking Barriers and CRC-TR 128 Multiple Sclerosis, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003—CiM), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003—CiM), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Lafaye K, Bosset C, Nicolas L, Guérinot A, Cossy J. Beyond catalyst deactivation: cross-metathesis involving olefins containing N-heteroaromatics. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:2223-41. [PMID: 26664645 PMCID: PMC4660986 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkenes containing N-heteroaromatics are known to be poor partners in cross-metathesis reactions, probably due to catalyst deactivation caused by the presence of a nitrogen atom. However, some examples of ring-closing and cross-metathesis involving alkenes that incorporate N-heteroaromatics can be found in the literature. In addition, recent mechanistic studies have focused on the rationalization of nitrogen-induced catalysts deactivation. The purpose of this mini-review is to give a brief overview of successful metathesis reactions involving olefins containing N-heteroaromatics in order to delineate some guidelines for the use of these challenging substrates in metathesis reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Lafaye
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI)-UMR 8231 ESPCI ParisTech, CNRS, PSL Research University, 10, rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Cyril Bosset
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI)-UMR 8231 ESPCI ParisTech, CNRS, PSL Research University, 10, rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Lionel Nicolas
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI)-UMR 8231 ESPCI ParisTech, CNRS, PSL Research University, 10, rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Amandine Guérinot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI)-UMR 8231 ESPCI ParisTech, CNRS, PSL Research University, 10, rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Janine Cossy
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI)-UMR 8231 ESPCI ParisTech, CNRS, PSL Research University, 10, rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Fujiwara K, Hirose Y, Saito T, Katoono R, Suzuki T. Stereoselective Synthesis of the A-Ring of Armatol A from a Bromo-substituted Chiral Building Block Based on Ireland-Claisen Rearrangement and Ring-Closing Olefin Metathesis. HETEROCYCLES 2015. [DOI: 10.3987/com-14-13143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2012. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Molander GA, Barcellos T, Traister KM. Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling of potassium alkenyltrifluoroborates with 2-chloroacetates and 2-chloroacetamides. Org Lett 2013; 15:3342-5. [PMID: 23767882 PMCID: PMC3737580 DOI: 10.1021/ol401377q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A protocol for the stereocontrolled synthesis of (E)- and (Z)-β,γ-unsaturated esters and amides is reported. 2-Chloroacetates as well as secondary and tertiary 2-chloroacetamides were successfully employed as electrophiles in the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction with potassium (E)- and (Z)-alkenyltrifluoroborates, affording the corresponding products in high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA.
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Boufroura H, Mauduit M, Drège E, Joseph D. Step-economical access to valuable Weinreb amide 2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidines by a sequential one-pot two-directional cross-metathesis/cyclizing aza-Michael process. J Org Chem 2013; 78:2346-54. [PMID: 23394585 DOI: 10.1021/jo302435a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Double cross-metathesis of 1,5-hexadiene with a variety of electron-deficient alkenes including the reluctant Weinreb acrylamide has been successfully accomplished. It was found that the process is quite general, and microwave irradiation effectively accelerates cross-coupling metathesis. This promotes a very versatile and high yielding methodology for the synthesis of symmetric Michael acceptors, which can be transformed into 2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidines through a sequential one-pot two-directional cross-metathesis/ring-closing double aza-Michael process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Boufroura
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Equipe de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UMR CNRS 8076 BioCIS, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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