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Mruc P, Olbrycht M, Korbetskyy M, Antos D. Altering the mobile phase composition to enhance self-disproportionation of enantiomers in achiral chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1715:464603. [PMID: 38168648 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The influence of mobile phase composition on the efficiency of enantiomer separation by achiral chromatography (ACh) was investigated. The separation was induced by the phenomenon of self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) triggered by their homo and hetero-chiral interactions in an achiral environment. Typically, SDE occurs in apolar mobile phases of weak elution strength, which causes the separation time to extend and the process productivity to deteriorate. To mitigate that effect, we altered the content of a strong solvent (modifier) in the mobile phase by use of a solvent gradient in which the target enantiomer was separated in the presence of the weak solvent, whereas the unresolved mixture of enantiomers was eluted by increasing the modifier content in the mobile phase. This enabled accelerating the solute elution while preserving the separation selectivity. The approach was examined for the separation of nonracemic mixtures of two structurally different compounds that exhibited the SDE effect in ACh, i.e., metalaxyl (MX) and methyl p-tolyl sulfoxide (MTSO). The target compound of the separation was the more abundant enantiomer in the enantiomeric mixture. The process realization was preceded by the determination of the effect of the modifier content on the separation yield for enantiomeric mixtures of MX and MTSO of different enantiomeric excess (ee). In the case of MX, yield of the pure target enantiomer varied from 2 %, for the maximum concentration of the modifier, to 45 % for the minimum modifier concentration and the largest ee used in the experiments. In the case of MTSO, the yield varied from minimum 40 % to maximum 66 %. To predict the process, we employed a dynamic model, in which underlying thermodynamic dependencies were implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Mruc
- Doctoral School of the Rzeszów University of Technology/PL, Poland
| | - Maksymilian Olbrycht
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Rzeszow University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Markiian Korbetskyy
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Rzeszow University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Dorota Antos
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Rzeszow University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland.
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2
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Vera S, Landa A, Mielgo A, Ganboa I, Oiarbide M, Soloshonok V. Catalytic Asymmetric α-Functionalization of α-Branched Aldehydes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062694. [PMID: 36985666 PMCID: PMC10056299 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldehydes constitute a main class of organic compounds widely applied in synthesis. As such, catalyst-controlled enantioselective α-functionalization of aldehydes has attracted great interest over the years. In this context, α-branched aldehydes are especially challenging substrates because of reactivity and selectivity issues. Firstly, the transient trisubstituted enamines and enolates resulting upon treatment with an aminocatalyst or a base, respectively, would exhibit attenuated reactivity; secondly, mixtures of E- and Z-configured enamines/enolates may be formed; and third, effective face-discrimination on such trisubstituted sp2 carbon intermediates by the incoming electrophilic reagent is not trivial. Despite these issues, in the last 15 years, several catalytic approaches for the α-functionalization of prostereogenic α-branched aldehydes that proceed in useful yields and diastereo- and enantioselectivity have been uncovered. Developments include both organocatalytic and metal-catalyzed approaches as well as dual catalysis strategies for forging new carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom (C-O, N, S, F, Cl, Br, …) bond formation at Cα of the starting aldehyde. In this review, some key early contributions to the field are presented, but focus is on the most recent methods, mainly covering the literature from year 2014 onward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Vera
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Aitor Landa
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Antonia Mielgo
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (M.O.)
| | - Iñaki Ganboa
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Mikel Oiarbide
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (M.O.)
| | - Vadim Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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Wang Q, Han J, Sorochinsky A, Landa A, Butler G, Soloshonok VA. The Latest FDA-Approved Pharmaceuticals Containing Fragments of Tailor-Made Amino Acids and Fluorine. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:999. [PMID: 36015147 PMCID: PMC9416721 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the selective introduction of fluorine into bioactive compounds is a mature strategy in the design of drugs allowing to increase efficiency, biological half-life and bio-absorption. On the other hand, amino acids (AAs) represent one of the most ubiquitious classes of naturally occurring organic compounds, which are found in over 40% of newly marked small-molecule pharmaceutical drugs and medical formulations. The primary goal of this work is to underscore two major trends in the design of modern pharmaceuticals. The first is dealing with the unique structural characteristics provided by the structure of amino acids featuring an abundance of functionality and the presence of a stereogenic center, all of which bodes well for the successful development of targeted bioactivity. The second is related to fine-tuning the desired activity and pharmacokinetics by selective introduction of fluorine. Historically, both trends were developed separately as innovative and prolific approaches in modern drug design. However, in recent decades, these approaches are clearly converging leading to an ever-increasing number of newly approved pharmaceuticals containing both structural features of amino acids and fluorine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jianlin Han
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Alexander Sorochinsky
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 1 Murmanska Str., 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Aitor Landa
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Greg Butler
- Oakwood Chemical, Inc., 730 Columbia Hwy. N, Estill, SC 29918, USA
| | - Vadim A. Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Alameda Urquijo 36-5, Plaza Bizkaia, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
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4
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Samsonowicz-Górski J, Brodzka A, Ostaszewski R, Koszelewski D. Intensification of Double Kinetic Resolution of Chiral Amines and Alcohols via Chemoselective Formation of a Carbonate-Enzyme Intermediate. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144346. [PMID: 35889218 PMCID: PMC9319036 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiral amines and alcohols are synthons of numerous pharmaceutically-relevant compounds. The previously developed enzymatic kinetic resolution approaches utilize a chiral racemic molecule and achiral acyl donor (or acyl acceptor). Thus, only one enantiodivergent step of the catalytic cycle is engaged, which does not fully exploit the enzyme’s abilities. The first carbonate-mediated example of simultaneous double chemoselective kinetic resolution of chiral amines and alcohols is described. Herein, we established a biocatalytic approach towards four optically-pure compounds (>99% ee, Enantioselectivity: E > 200) via double enzymatic kinetic resolution, engaging chiral organic carbonates as acyl donors. High enantioselectivity was ensured by extraordinary chemoselectivity in lipase-catalyzed formation of unsymmetrical organic carbonates and engaged in a process applicable for the synthesis of enantiopure organic precursors of valuable compounds. This study focused not only on preparative synthesis, but additionally the catalytic mechanism was discussed and the clear impact of this rarely observed carbonate-derived acyl enzyme was shown. The presented protocol is characterized by atom efficiency, acyl donor sustainability, easy acyl group removal, mild reaction conditions, and biocatalyst recyclability, which significantly decreases the cost of the reported process.
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5
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Han J, Escorihuela J, Fustero S, Landa A, Soloshonok VA, Sorochinsky A. Asymmetric Michael Addition in Synthesis of β-Substituted GABA Derivatives. Molecules 2022; 27:3797. [PMID: 35744921 PMCID: PMC9231165 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) represents one of the most prolific structural units widely used in the design of modern pharmaceuticals. For example, β-substituted GABA derivatives are found in numerous neurological drugs, such as baclofen, phenibut, tolibut, pregabalin, phenylpiracetam, brivaracetam, and rolipram, to mention just a few. In this review, we critically discuss the literature data reported on the preparation of substituted GABA derivatives using the Michael addition reaction as a key synthetic transformation. Special attention is paid to asymmetric methods featuring synthetically useful stereochemical outcomes and operational simplicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Han
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Jorge Escorihuela
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain;
| | - Santos Fustero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain;
| | - Aitor Landa
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain; (A.L.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Vadim A. Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain; (A.L.); (V.A.S.)
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Alameda Urquijo 36-5, Plaza Bizkaia, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alexander Sorochinsky
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 1 Murmanska Str., 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
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6
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Yu Y, Liu A, Dhawan G, Mei H, Zhang W, Izawa K, Soloshonok VA, Han J. Fluorine-containing pharmaceuticals approved by the FDA in 2020: Synthesis and biological activity. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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7
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Liu A, Han J, Nakano A, Konno H, Moriwaki H, Abe H, Izawa K, Soloshonok VA. New pharmaceuticals approved by FDA in 2020: Small-molecule drugs derived from amino acids and related compounds. Chirality 2021; 34:86-103. [PMID: 34713503 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids (AAs) play an important role in the modern health industry as key synthetic precursors for pharmaceuticals, biomaterials, biosensors, and drug delivery systems. Currently, over 30% of small-molecule drugs contain residues of tailor-made AAs or derived from them amino-alcohols and di-amines. In this review article, we profile 12 AA-derived new pharmaceuticals approved by the FDA in 2020. These newly introduced drugs include Tazverik (epithelioid sarcoma), Gemtesa (overactive bladder), Zeposia (multiple sclerosis), Byfavo (induction and maintenance of procedural sedation), Cu 64 dotatate, and Gallium 68 PSMA-11 (both PET imaging), Rimegepant (acute migraine), Zepzelca (lung cancer), Remdesivir (COVID-19), Amisulpride (nausea and vomiting), Setmelanotide (obesity), and Lonafarnib (progeria syndrome). For each compound, we describe the spectrum of biological activity, medicinal chemistry discovery, and synthetic preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiyao Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianlin Han
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Arina Nakano
- Department of Biological Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Konno
- Department of Biological Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Vadim A Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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8
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Han J, Wzorek A, Klika KD, Soloshonok VA. Recommended Tests for the Self-Disproportionation of Enantiomers (SDE) to Ensure Accurate Reporting of the Stereochemical Outcome of Enantioselective Reactions. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 26:molecules26092757. [PMID: 34067099 PMCID: PMC8124418 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to highlight the necessity of conducting tests to gauge the magnitude of the self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) phenomenon to ensure the veracity of reported enantiomeric excess (ee) values for scalemic samples obtained from enantioselective reactions, natural products isolation, etc. The SDE always occurs to some degree whenever any scalemic sample is subjected to physicochemical processes concomitant with the fractionation of the sample, thus leading to erroneous reporting of the true ee of the sample if due care is not taken to either preclude the effects of the SDE by measurement of the ee prior to the application of physicochemical processes, suppressing the SDE, or evaluating all obtained fractions of the sample. Or even avoiding fractionation altogether if possible. There is a clear necessity to conduct tests to assess the magnitude of the SDE for the processes applied to samples and the updated and improved recommendations described herein cover chromatography and processes involving gas-phase transformations such as evaporation or sublimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Han
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Alicja Wzorek
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Karel D. Klika
- Molecular Structure Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (K.D.K.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Vadim A. Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Alameda Urquijo 36-5, Plaza Bizkaia, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
- Correspondence: (K.D.K.); (V.A.S.)
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9
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Han J, Konno H, Sato T, Soloshonok VA, Izawa K. Tailor-made amino acids in the design of small-molecule blockbuster drugs. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 220:113448. [PMID: 33906050 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of amino acids (AAs) in modern health industry is well-appreciated. Residues of individual AAs, or their chemical modifications, such as diamines and amino alcohols, are frequently found in the structures of modern pharmaceuticals. The goal of this review article, is to emphasize that, currently, tailor-made AAs serve as key structural features in many most successful pharmaceuticals, so-called blockbuster drugs. In the present article, we profile 14 small-molecule drugs, underscoring the breadth of structural variety of AAs applications in numerous therapeutic areas. For each compound, we provide spectrum of biological activity, medicinal chemistry discovery, and synthetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Han
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hiroyuki Konno
- Department of Biological Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Sato
- Hamari Chemicals Ltd., 1-19-40, Nankokita, Suminoe-ku, Osaka, 559-0034, Japan
| | - Vadim A Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, Plaza Bizkaia, 48013, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Kunisuke Izawa
- Hamari Chemicals Ltd., 1-19-40, Nankokita, Suminoe-ku, Osaka, 559-0034, Japan.
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11
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Wosińska-Hrydczuk M, Skarżewski J. New Advances in the Synthetic Application of Enantiomeric 1-Phenylethylamine (α-PEA): Privileged Chiral Inducer and Auxiliary. Molecules 2020; 25:E4907. [PMID: 33114098 PMCID: PMC7660327 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
New developments in the synthesis, resolution, and synthetic applications of chiral 1-phenylethylamine (α-PEA) reported in the last decade have been reviewed. In particular, improvements in the synthesis of α-PEA and its derivatives and chiral resolution, as well as their applications in the resolution of other compounds, were discussed. α-PEA was used as a chiral auxiliary in the diastereoselective synthesis of medicinal substances and natural products. Chiral ligands with α-PEA moieties were applied in asymmetric reactions, and effective modular chiral organocatalysts were constructed with α-PEA fragments and used in important synthetic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacek Skarżewski
- Chair of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland;
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12
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13
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Potentially Mistaking Enantiomers for Different Compounds Due to the Self-Induced Diastereomeric Anisochronism (SIDA) Phenomenon. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12071106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The NMR phenomenon of self-induced diastereomeric anisochronism (SIDA) was observed with an alcohol and an ester. The alcohol exhibited large concentration-dependent chemical shifts (δ’s), which initially led us to erroneously consider whether two enantiomers were in fact atropisomers. This highlights a potential complication for the analysis of chiral compounds due to SIDA, namely the misidentification of enantiomers. A heterochiral association preference for the alcohol in CDCl3 was determined by the intermolecular nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) and diffusion measurements, the same preference as found in the solid state. The ester revealed more subtle effects, but concentration-dependent δ’s, observation of intermolecular NOE’s, as well as distinct signals for the two enantiomers in a scalemic sample all indicated the formation of associates. Intermolecular NOE and diffusion measurements indicated that homochiral association is slightly preferred over heterochiral association in CDCl3, thus masking association for enantiopure and racemic samples of equal concentration. As observed with the alcohol, heterochiral association was preferred for the ester in the solid state. The potential problems that SIDA can cause are highlighted and constitute a warning: Due care should be taken with respect to conditions, particularly the concentration, when measuring NMR spectra of chiral compounds. Scalemic samples of both the alcohol and the ester were found to exhibit the self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) phenomenon by preparative TLC, the first report of SDE by preparative TLC.
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14
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Mei H, Han J, Klika KD, Izawa K, Sato T, Meanwell NA, Soloshonok VA. Applications of fluorine-containing amino acids for drug design. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 186:111826. [PMID: 31740056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Fluorine-containing amino acids are becoming increasingly prominent in new drugs due to two general trends in the modern pharmaceutical industry. Firstly, the growing acceptance of peptides and modified peptides as drugs; and secondly, fluorine editing has become a prevalent protocol in drug-candidate optimization. Accordingly, fluorine-containing amino acids represent one of the more promising and rapidly developing areas of research in organic, bio-organic and medicinal chemistry. The goal of this Review article is to highlight the current state-of-the-art in this area by profiling 42 selected compounds that combine fluorine and amino acid structural elements. The compounds under discussion represent pharmaceutical drugs currently on the market, or in clinical trials as well as examples of drug-candidates that although withdrawn from development had a significant impact on the progress of medicinal chemistry and/or provided a deeper understanding of the nature and mechanism of biological action. For each compound, we present features of biological activity, a brief history of the design principles and the development of the synthetic approach, focusing on the source of tailor-made amino acid structures and fluorination methods. General aspects of the medicinal chemistry of fluorine-containing amino acids and synthetic methodology are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Mei
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Jianlin Han
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Karel D Klika
- Molecular Structure Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kunisuke Izawa
- Hamari Chemicals Ltd., 1-4-29 Kunijima, Higashi-Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, 533-0024, Japan.
| | - Tatsunori Sato
- Hamari Chemicals Ltd., 1-4-29 Kunijima, Higashi-Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, 533-0024, Japan
| | - Nicholas A Meanwell
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ, 08543-4000, United States.
| | - Vadim A Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, Plaza Bizkaia, 48013, Bilbao, Spain.
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15
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Kwiatkowska M, Marcinkowska M, Wzorek A, Pajkert R, Han J, Klika KD, Soloshonok VA, Röschenthaler GV. The self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) via column chromatography of β-amino-α,α-difluorophosphonic acid derivatives. Amino Acids 2019; 51:1377-1385. [PMID: 31468209 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02774-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the first study of the self-disproportionation of enantiomers via chromatography (SDEvC) of β-aminophosphonic acid esters, several of which have been synthesized for the first time. Three types of structures were examined, N-acetylated, dipeptide construction with N-Cbz glycine, and a free amine. In the latter case, this is the first time that SDEvC has been reported for free amine amino acids. In all the three types of structures, significant SDE magnitudes (Δee's up to 55%) were exhibited underscoring the ubiquitous nature of the SDE phenomenon. Chemical models of homo- versus heterochiral intermolecular interactions are proposed to rationalize the SDE magnitude differences amongst these new β-aminophosphonic acid derivatives. In addition, the incorporation of additional, competing binding modes to a molecule, was found to lead to a reduction of the SDE magnitude by shifting the intermolecular binding away from the stereogenic center and/or by leading to a convoluted binding system that disrupts the structured and relatively stable assemblies that give rise to the SDE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kwiatkowska
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Świętokrzyska 15G, 25-406, Kielce, Poland
| | - Magdalena Marcinkowska
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Świętokrzyska 15G, 25-406, Kielce, Poland
| | - Alicja Wzorek
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Świętokrzyska 15G, 25-406, Kielce, Poland.
| | - Romana Pajkert
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH, 28759, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jianlin Han
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Karel D Klika
- Molecular Structure Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vadim A Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain. .,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, Plaza Bizkaia, 48013, Bilbao, Spain.
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16
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The self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) of amino acids and their derivatives. Amino Acids 2019; 51:865-889. [PMID: 30903285 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02729-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This review covers the phenomenon of the self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) of amino acids and their derivatives in all its guises from phase transformations (recrystallization, sublimation, and distillation), to the application of force fields, through to chromatography including HPLC, MPLC, gravity-driven column chromatography, and SEC. The relevance of the SDE phenomenon to amino acid research and to marketed pharmaceuticals is clear given the potential for alteration of the enantiomeric excess of a portion of a scalemic sample. In addition, the possible contribution of the SDE phenomenon to the genesis of prebiotic homochirality is considered.
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17
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Brouder TA, Slattery CN, Ford A, Khandavilli UBR, Skořepová E, Eccles KS, Lusi M, Lawrence SE, Maguire AR. Desymmetrization by Asymmetric Copper-Catalyzed Intramolecular C–H Insertion Reactions of α-Diazo-β-oxosulfones. J Org Chem 2019; 84:7543-7563. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Brouder
- School of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Catherine N. Slattery
- School of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Alan Ford
- School of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - U. B. Rao Khandavilli
- School of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Eliška Skořepová
- School of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Kevin S. Eccles
- School of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Matteo Lusi
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Simon E. Lawrence
- School of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Anita R. Maguire
- School of Chemistry and School of Pharmacy, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
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18
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Zhu Y, Ni Y, Soloshonok VA, Han J, Pan Y. Catalytic enantioselective Michael addition reactions between in situ detrifluoroacetylatively generated 3-fluorooxindole-derived enolates and 1-(1-(phenylsulfonyl)vinylsulfonyl)benzene. J Fluor Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Han J, Wzorek A, Soloshonok VA, Klika KD. The self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE): The effect of scaling down, potential problems versus prospective applications, possible new occurrences, and unrealized opportunities? Electrophoresis 2019; 40:1869-1880. [PMID: 30653701 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This commentary discusses an important, though not widely appreciated, chiral phenomenon of molecular chirality that effectively always occurs whenever nonracemic samples are subjected to practically any physicochemical process (e.g., force field, recrystallization, sublimation, even distillation, etc.) under totally achiral conditions external to the sample itself. The phenomenon is termed as the self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) and though ubiquitous, its presence may not always be readily apparent, or workers may be otherwise oblivious to its effects. In the particular case of chromatography, when the SDE is apparent, the enantiomeric excess (ee) of the chiral compound is observed to vary across an eluted peak, with anterior eluted portions either enantioenriched or enantiodepleted relative to the ee of the starting material, and conversely for the posterior eluted portions. Herein, we highlight various aspects of the SDE phenomenon as it pertains to chromatography and, in particular, the effect of scaling down chromatographic systems, the potential risk of problems that the SDE can cause, as well as opportunities for practical applications of the phenomenon, possible new occurrences of the SDE phenomenon to be searched for, and unrealized opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Han
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Alicja Wzorek
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland.,Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Vadim A Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Karel D Klika
- Molecular Structure Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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20
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Mei H, Liu J, Fustero S, Román R, Ruzziconi R, Soloshonok VA, Han J. Chemistry of detrifluoroacetylativelyin situgenerated fluoro-enolates. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:762-775. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02843e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review article provides a summary of the detrifluoroacetylativein situgeneration of fluorine-containing enolates and their related reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Mei
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Jiang Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Santos Fustero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Valencia
- 46100 Burjassot
- Spain
- Laboratorio de Moléculas Orgánicas
| | - Raquel Román
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Valencia
- 46100 Burjassot
- Spain
- Laboratorio de Moléculas Orgánicas
| | - Renzo Ruzziconi
- Department of Chemistry
- Biology and Biotechnologies
- 06123 Perugia
- Italy
| | - Vadim A. Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- 20018 San Sebastián
- Spain
| | - Jianlin Han
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing
- China
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21
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Hosaka T, Imai T, Wzorek A, Marcinkowska M, Kolbus A, Kitagawa O, Soloshonok VA, Klika KD. The self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) of α-amino acid derivatives: facets of steric and electronic properties. Amino Acids 2018; 51:283-294. [PMID: 30311082 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2664-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
α-Amino acids (α-AAs) are in extremely high demand in nearly every sector of the food and health-related chemical industries and continue to be the subject of intense multidisciplinary research. The self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) is an emerging and one of the least studied areas of α-AA or enantiomeric properties, critically important for their production and application. In the present work, we report a detailed study of the SDE via achiral, gravity-driven column chromatography for a set of N-acylated, N-carbonylated, N-fluoroacylated, and N-thioacylated α-amino acid esters. As well as thioacylation, attention was paid to the effect of altering the R group of the ester functionality, the side chain, or that of the acyl group attached to the amide nitrogen, whereby it was found that electron-withdrawing groups in the latter moiety had a pronounced effect on the magnitude and behavior of the resulting SDE phenomenon. Intriguingly, in the case of N-fluoroacylated derivatives, by favoring the formation of dimeric associates and effecting a strong bias toward homochiral associates over heterochiral associates, the SDE magnitude was greatly reduced contrary to intuitive expectations. Energy estimates resulted from DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Hosaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8548, Japan
| | - Tomomi Imai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8548, Japan
| | - Alicja Wzorek
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Świętokrzyska 15G, 25-406, Kielce, Poland. .,Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Magdalena Marcinkowska
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Świętokrzyska 15G, 25-406, Kielce, Poland
| | - Anna Kolbus
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Świętokrzyska 15G, 25-406, Kielce, Poland
| | - Osamu Kitagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8548, Japan
| | - Vadim A Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain. .,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3. Plaza Bizkaia, 48013, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Karel D Klika
- Molecular Structure Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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22
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Ma J, Zhang F, Zhang J, Gong H. Cobalt(II)-Catalyzed N
-Acylation of Amines through a Transamidation Reaction. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ma
- The Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province; The Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry; Xiangtan University; 411105 Xiangtan P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhang
- College of Science; Hunan Agricultural University; 410128 Changsha P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province; The Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry; Xiangtan University; 411105 Xiangtan P. R. China
| | - Hang Gong
- The Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province; The Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry; Xiangtan University; 411105 Xiangtan P. R. China
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23
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Shiely AE, Clarke LA, Flynn CJ, Buckley AM, Ford A, Lawrence SE, Maguire AR. Substrate and Catalyst Effects in the Enantioselective Copper-Catalysed C-H Insertion Reactions of α-Diazo-β-oxo Sulfones. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy E. Shiely
- School of Chemistry; Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - Leslie-Ann Clarke
- School of Chemistry; Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - Christopher J. Flynn
- School of Chemistry; Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - Aoife M. Buckley
- School of Chemistry; Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - Alan Ford
- School of Chemistry; Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - Simon E. Lawrence
- School of Chemistry; Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - Anita R. Maguire
- School of Chemistry; School of Pharmacy; Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility; Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
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24
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Zhang L, Zhang W, Mei H, Han J, Soloshonok VA, Pan Y. Catalytic asymmetric aldol addition reactions of 3-fluoro-indolinone derived enolates. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:311-315. [PMID: 27910989 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02454h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reported herein is a Cu(i)/bisoxazoline ligand-catalyzed aldol reaction of unprotected tertiary enolates generated in situ from 3-(1,1-dihydroxy-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-substituted derivatives of 3-fluoro-2-oxindoles. A range of α-fluoro-β-aryl/hetaryl/alkyl-β-hydroxy-indolin-2-ones containing C-F quaternary stereogenic centers of high pharmaceutical importance were furnished in good yields and satisfactory diastereo- and enantioselectivities. The reactions were conducted under operationally convenient conditions and displayed wide substrate/functional group generality including unprotected N-H on the tertiary enolates, and aromatic, hetero-aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Wenzhong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Haibo Mei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Jianlin Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Vadim A Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain. and IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science Department, Alameda Urquijo 36-5, Plaza Bizkaia, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Yi Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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25
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Han J, Kitagawa O, Wzorek A, Klika KD, Soloshonok VA. The self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE): a menace or an opportunity? Chem Sci 2018; 9:1718-1739. [PMID: 29675218 PMCID: PMC5892310 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc05138g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein we report on the well-documented, yet not widely known, phenomenon of the self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE): the spontaneous fractionation of scalemic material into enantioenriched and -depleted fractions when any physicochemical process is applied.
Herein we report on the well-documented, yet not widely known, phenomenon of the self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE): the spontaneous fractionation of scalemic material into enantioenriched and -depleted fractions when any physicochemical process is applied. The SDE has implications ranging from the origins of prebiotic homochirality to unconventional enantiopurification methods, though the risks of altering the enantiomeric excess (ee) unintentionally, regrettably, remain greatly unappreciated. While recrystallization is well known as an SDE process, occurrences of the SDE in other processes are much less recognized, e.g. sublimation and even distillation. But the most common process that many workers seem to be completely ignorant of is SDE via chromatography and reports have included all manner of structures, all types of interactions, and all forms of chromatography, including GC. The SDE can be either a blessing – as a means to obtain enantiopure samples from scalemates – or a curse, as unwitting alteration of the ee leads to errors in the reporting of results and/or misinterpretation of the system under study. Thus the ramifications of the SDE are relevant to any area involving chirality – natural products, asymmetric synthesis, etc. Moreover, there is grave concern regarding errors in the literature, in addition to the possible occurrence of valid results which may have been overlooked and thus remain unreported, as well as the potential for the SDE to alter the ee, particularly via chromatography, and the following concepts will be conveyed: (1) the SDE occurs under totally achiral conditions of (a) precipitation, (b) centrifugation, (c) evaporation, (d) distillation, (e) crystallization, (f) sublimation, and (g) achiral chromatography (e.g. column, flash, MPLC, HPLC, SEC, GC, etc.). (2) The SDE cannot be controlled simply by experimental accuracy and ignorance of the SDE unavoidably leads to mistakes in the recorded and reported stereochemical outcome of enantioselective transformations. (3) The magnitude of the SDE (the difference between the extremes of enantioenrichment and -depletion) can be controlled and used to: (a) minimize mistakes in the recorded experimental values and (b) to develop unconventional and preparatively superior methods for enantiopurification. (4) The magnitude of the SDE cannot be predicted but can be expected for compounds possessing SDE-phoric groups or which have a general tendency for strong hydrogen or halogen bonds or dipole–dipole or aromatic π–π interactions. (5) An SDE test and the rigorous reporting and description of applied physicochemical processes should become part of standard experimental practice to prevent the erroneous reporting of the stereochemical outcome of enantioselective catalytic reactions and the chirooptical properties of scalemates. New directions in the study of the SDE, including halogen bonding-based interactions and novel, unconventional enantiopurification methods such as pseudo-SDE (chiral selector-assisted SDE resolution of racemates), are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry , Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials , Nanjing University , 210093 Nanjing , China .
| | - Osamu Kitagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry , Shibaura Institute of Technology , 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku , Tokyo 135-8548 , Japan
| | - Alicja Wzorek
- Institute of Chemistry , Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce , Świętokrzyska 15G , 25-406 Kielce , Poland.,Department of Organic Chemistry I , Faculty of Chemistry , University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3 , 20018 San Sebastián , Spain .
| | - Karel D Klika
- Molecular Structure Analysis , German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Im Neuenheimer Feld 280 , D-69009 Heidelberg , Germany .
| | - Vadim A Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I , Faculty of Chemistry , University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3 , 20018 San Sebastián , Spain . .,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Alameda Urquijo 36-5, Plaza, Bizkaia , 48011 Bilbao , Spain
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26
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Han J, Soloshonok VA, Klika KD, Drabowicz J, Wzorek A. Chiral sulfoxides: advances in asymmetric synthesis and problems with the accurate determination of the stereochemical outcome. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 47:1307-1350. [PMID: 29271432 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00703a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chiral sulfoxides are in extremely high demand in nearly every sector of the chemical industry concerned with the design and development of new synthetic reagents, drugs, and functional materials. The primary objective of this review is to update readers on the latest developments from the past five years (2011-2016) in the preparation of optically active sulfoxides. Methodologies covered include catalytic asymmetric sulfoxidation using either chemical, enzymatic, or hybrid biocatalytic means; kinetic resolution involving oxidation to sulfones, reduction to sulfides, modification of side chains, and imidation to sulfoximines; as well as various other methods including nucleophilic displacement at the sulfur atom for the desymmetrization of achiral sulfoxides, enantioselective recognition and separation based on either metal-organic frameworks (MOF's) or host-guest chemistry, and the Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction. A second goal of this work concerns a critical discussion of the problem of the accurate determination of the stereochemical outcome of a reaction due to the self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) phenomenon, particularly as it relates to chiral sulfoxides. The SDE is a little-appreciated phenomenon that can readily and spontaneously occur for scalemic samples when subjected to practically any physicochemical process. It has now been unequivocally demonstrated that ignorance in the SDE phenomenon inevitably leads to erroneous interpretation of the stereochemical outcome of catalytic enantioselective reactions, in particular, for the synthesis of chiral sulfoxides. It is hoped that this two-pronged approach to covering the chemistry of chiral sulfoxides will be appealing, engaging, and motivating for current research-active authors to respond to in their future publications in this exciting area of current research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China.
| | - Vadim A Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain. and IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Alameda Urquijo 36-5, Plaza Bizkaia, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Karel D Klika
- Molecular Structure Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69009 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Józef Drabowicz
- Department of Heterooganic Chemistry, Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland and Institute of Chemistry, Environmental Protection and Biotechnology, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-201 Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Alicja Wzorek
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain. and Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Swiętokrzyska 15G, 25-406 Kielce, Poland.
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27
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De Simone NA, Schettini R, Talotta C, Gaeta C, Izzo I, Della Sala G, Neri P. Directing the Cation Recognition Ability of Calix[4]arenes toward Asymmetric Phase-Transfer Catalysis. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Alessandro De Simone
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”; Università di Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (Salerno) Italy
| | - Rosaria Schettini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”; Università di Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (Salerno) Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”; Università di Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (Salerno) Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”; Università di Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (Salerno) Italy
| | - Irene Izzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”; Università di Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (Salerno) Italy
| | - Giorgio Della Sala
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”; Università di Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (Salerno) Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”; Università di Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (Salerno) Italy
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28
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A question of policy: should tests for the self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) be mandatory for reports involving scalemates? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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29
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Terada S, Hirai M, Honzawa A, Kitagawa O, Kamizela A, Wzorek A, Soloshonok VA. Possible Case of Halogen Bond-Driven Self-Disproportionation of Enantiomers (SDE) via Achiral Chromatography. Chemistry 2017; 23:14631-14638. [PMID: 28783208 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The major breakthrough reported in this work is the discovery of likely halogen bond-driven self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE). Taking into account that the halogen-bonding interactions can be rationally designed and can match, or even exceed, the strength of the more familiar hydrogen bond, this discovery clearly opens an unexpected new direction of research in the areas of molecular chirality and the SDE phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumpei Terada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8548, Japan
| | - Motohiro Hirai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8548, Japan
| | - Ayaka Honzawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8548, Japan
| | - Osamu Kitagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8548, Japan
| | - Angelika Kamizela
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Świętokrzyska 15G, 25-406, Kielce, Poland
| | - Alicja Wzorek
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Świętokrzyska 15G, 25-406, Kielce, Poland.,Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Vadim A Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain.,JKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
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Reyes-Rangel G, Vargas-Caporali J, Juaristi E. Asymmetric Michael addition reaction organocatalyzed by stereoisomeric pyrrolidine sulfinamides under neat conditions. A brief study of self-disproportionation of enantiomers. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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31
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Chan CK, Tsai YL, Chang MY. Bi(OTf) 3 catalyzed disproportionation reaction of cinnamyl alcohols. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Wzorek A, Kamizela A, Sato A, Soloshonok VA. Self-Disproportionation of Enantiomers (SDE) via achiral gravity-driven column chromatography of N -fluoroacyl-1-phenylethylamines. J Fluor Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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33
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Martens J, Bhushan R. Enantioseparations in Achiral Environments and Chromatographic Systems. Isr J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201600086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Martens
- Institute of Chemistry; Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg; Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, DE- 26129 Oldenburg Germany
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Wzorek A, Sato A, Drabowicz J, Soloshonok VA. Self-disproportionation of Enantiomers (SDE) of Chiral Nonracemic Amides via Achiral Chromatography. Isr J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201600077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Wzorek
- Institute of Chemistry; Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce; Świętokrzyska 15G 25-406 Kielce Poland
- Department of Organic Chemistry I; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3 20018 San Sebastián Spain
| | - Azusa Sato
- Department of Organic Chemistry I; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3 20018 San Sebastián Spain
- Department of Chemistry; Tokyo Women's Medical University; 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku 162-8666 Tokyo Japan
| | - Józef Drabowicz
- Department of Heteroorganic Chemistry; Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies; Polish Academy of Sciences; Sienkiewicza112 90-363 Łódź Poland
- Institute of Chemistry; Environmental Protection and Biotechnology; Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa; Armii Krajowej 13/15 42-201 Częstochowa Poland
| | - Vadim A. Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3 20018 San Sebastián Spain
- IKERBASQUE; Basque Foundation for Science; Alameda Urquijo 36-5, Plaza Bizkaia 48011 Bilbao Spain
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Wzorek A, Sato A, Drabowicz J, Soloshonok VA. Self-disproportionation of enantiomers via achiral gravity-driven column chromatography: A case study of N-acyl-α-phenylethylamines. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1467:270-278. [PMID: 27240946 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report a study of the self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) via gravity-driven achiral column chromatography of a series of amides derived from 1-phenylethylamine. We demonstrated that structural and electronic factors of the substituents play an important role in the observed magnitude of the SDE. For the first time, the SDE phenomenon of amides with that of thioamides was compared. We demonstrate that, in sharp contrast to amides, the substitution of the sulphur atom for the oxygen in the acyl group, strongly reduced the observed magnitude of the SDE. These results clearly indicate the importance of the hydrogen bonding for the formation of homo/hetero-chiral association responsible for manifestation of the SDE phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Wzorek
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Świętokrzyska 15G, 25-406 Kielce, Poland; Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Azusa Sato
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain; Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, 162-8666 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Józef Drabowicz
- Department of Heteroorganic Chemistry, Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland; Institute of Chemistry, Environmental Protection and Biotechnology, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-201 Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Vadim A Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Alameda Urquijo 36-5, Plaza Bizkaia, 48011 Bilbao, Spain.
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36
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Goto M, Tateishi K, Ebine K, Soloshonok VA, Roussel C, Kitagawa O. Chiral additive induced self-disproportionation of enantiomers under MPLC conditions: preparation of enantiomerically pure samples of 1-(aryl)ethylamines from racemates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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37
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Wzorek A, Sato A, Drabowicz J, Soloshonok VA, Klika KD. Remarkable magnitude of the self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) via achiral chromatography: application to the practical-scale enantiopurification of β-amino acid esters. Amino Acids 2015; 48:605-13. [PMID: 26704565 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-2152-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the best performance yet for the self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) via achiral chromatography as typically used in laboratories for the isolated yield of the excess enantiomer using N-acetyl β-amino acid ethyl esters. The results are the most convincing ever demonstration of the capability of the SDE for practical-scale enantiopurification as comparable, or even superior for some systems, to that of recrystallization. For example, from a sample of 94.4 % ee, a yield of 71 % of enantiopure material was isolated in a single chromatographic run. Moreover, the lack of an esoteric structural entity, e.g. strongly polarizing groups, such as, for instance CF3, highlights the fact that the phenomenon is not dependent on the presence of such and thus the process is relevant to any usual-type structure. In contrast to recrystallization, the procedure is predictable, general, and dependable, boding well for its widespread application in routine laboratory settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Wzorek
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Świętokrzyska 15G, 25-406, Kielce, Poland. .,Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Azusa Sato
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain.,Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Józef Drabowicz
- Department of Heteroorganic Chemistry, Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Łódź, Poland.,Institute of Chemistry, Environmental Protection and Biotechnology, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-201, Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Vadim A Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain. .,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Alameda Urquijo 36-5, Plaza Bizkaia, 48011, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Karel D Klika
- Molecular Structure Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69009, Heidelberg, Germany.
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38
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Wzorek A, Klika KD, Drabowicz J, Sato A, Aceña JL, Soloshonok VA. The self-disproportionation of the enantiomers (SDE) of methyl n-pentyl sulfoxide via achiral, gravity-driven column chromatography: a case study. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 12:4738-46. [PMID: 24873904 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00831f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work explores the self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) of chiral sulfoxides via achiral, gravity-driven column chromatography using methyl n-pentyl sulfoxide as a case study. A major finding of this work is the remarkable persistence and high magnitude of the SDE for the analyte. Thus, it is the first case where SDE is observed even in the presence of MeOH in the mobile phase. The study demonstrated the practical preparation, in line with theory, of enantiomerically pure (>99.9% ee) samples of methyl n-pentyl sulfoxide starting from a sample of only modest ee (<35%). Remarkably, it was found that the order of elution was inverted, i.e. enantiomerically depleted fractions preceded later eluting enantiomerically enriched ones, when the stationary phase was changed from silica gel to aluminum oxide. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first occurrence of inverted SDE behavior due solely to a change in the stationary phase. Aberrant SDE behavior was observed in that the ee did not always fall continuously during the progression of the chromatography, and this was attributed to the complexity of the system at hand which cannot be described in simple terms such as the formation only of homo- and heterochiral dimers based on a single interaction. The results nevertheless suggest that all compounds with a chiral sulfoxide moiety in their structure are likely to exhibit the SDE phenomenon and thus this work constitutes the first example of SDE predictability. Moreover, it could well be that optical purification based on the SDE phenomenon is a simple, convenient, and inexpensive method for the optical purification of this class of compounds with a high degree of proficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Wzorek
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Swiętokrzyska 15G, 25-406 Kielce, Poland
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39
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Wzorek A, Sato A, Drabowicz J, Soloshonok VA, Klika KD. Enantiomeric Enrichmentsviathe Self-Disproportionation of Enantiomers (SDE) by Achiral, Gravity-Driven Column Chromatography: a Case Study UsingN-(1-Phenylethyl)acetamide for Optimizing the Enantiomerically Pure Yield and Magnitude of the SDE. Helv Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201500041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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40
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Maeno M, Tokunaga E, Yamamoto T, Suzuki T, Ogino Y, Ito E, Shiro M, Asahi T, Shibata N. Self-disproportionation of enantiomers of thalidomide and its fluorinated analogue via gravity-driven achiral chromatography: mechanistic rationale and implications. Chem Sci 2015; 6:1043-1048. [PMID: 29560192 PMCID: PMC5811091 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc03047h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We report on the self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) of non-racemic thalidomide (1) and 3'-fluorothalidomide (2) under the conditions of gravity-driven achiral silica-gel chromatography. The presence of a fluorine atom on the chiral center dramatically alters the structure and polarity of 1 and 2, resulting in the opposite SDE profile on silica-gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayaka Maeno
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Frontier Materials , Nagoya Institute of Technology , Gokiso, Showa-ku , Nagoya 466-8555 , Japan .
| | - Etsuko Tokunaga
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Frontier Materials , Nagoya Institute of Technology , Gokiso, Showa-ku , Nagoya 466-8555 , Japan .
| | - Takeshi Yamamoto
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Frontier Materials , Nagoya Institute of Technology , Gokiso, Showa-ku , Nagoya 466-8555 , Japan .
| | - Toshiya Suzuki
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience , Waseda University (TWIns) , Wakamatsu-cho 2-2, Shinjuku-ku , Tokyo 162-8480 , Japan .
| | - Yoshiyuki Ogino
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience , Waseda University (TWIns) , Wakamatsu-cho 2-2, Shinjuku-ku , Tokyo 162-8480 , Japan .
| | - Emi Ito
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Frontier Materials , Nagoya Institute of Technology , Gokiso, Showa-ku , Nagoya 466-8555 , Japan .
| | - Motoo Shiro
- Consolidated Research Institute for Advanced Science and Medical Care , Waseda University (ASMeW) , Waseda-tsurumaki-cho 513, Shinjuku-ku , Tokyo 162-0041 , Japan
| | - Toru Asahi
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience , Waseda University (TWIns) , Wakamatsu-cho 2-2, Shinjuku-ku , Tokyo 162-8480 , Japan .
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Frontier Materials , Nagoya Institute of Technology , Gokiso, Showa-ku , Nagoya 466-8555 , Japan .
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41
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Suzuki Y, Han J, Kitagawa O, Aceña JL, Klika KD, Soloshonok VA. A comprehensive examination of the self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) of chiral amides via achiral, laboratory-routine, gravity-driven column chromatography. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13928c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The behavior of a series of chiral amides during column chromatography using an achiral stationary phase revealed that a self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) was always observed regardless of amide structure or chromatographic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Shibaura Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 135-8548
- Japan
| | - Jianlin Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- 210093 Nanjing
- China
| | - Osamu Kitagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Shibaura Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 135-8548
- Japan
| | - José Luis Aceña
- Department of Organic Chemistry I
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- 20018 San Sebastián
- Spain
| | - Karel D. Klika
- Molecular Structure Analysis
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)
- D-69009 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Vadim A. Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- 20018 San Sebastián
- Spain
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42
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43
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Martens J, Bhushan R. Purification of Enantiomeric Mixtures in Enantioselective Synthesis: Overlooked Errors and Scientific Basis of Separation in Achiral Environment. Helv Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201300392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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44
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Pálovics E, Szeleczky Z, Fődi B, Faigl F, Fogassy E. Prediction of the efficiency of diastereoisomer separation on the basis of the behaviour of enantiomeric mixtures. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra00526k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition of a crystalline diastereoisomer (eeDIA) is determined either by the eutectic composition of the racemic compound (eeEuRac) or that of resolving agent (eeEuRes) and the higher ee value has the more dominant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emese Pálovics
- Research Group for Organic Chemical Technology
- University of Technology and Economics
- Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Szeleczky
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology
- University of Technology and Economics
- Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Fődi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology
- University of Technology and Economics
- Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Faigl
- Research Group for Organic Chemical Technology
- University of Technology and Economics
- Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology
- University of Technology and Economics
| | - Elemér Fogassy
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology
- University of Technology and Economics
- Budapest, Hungary
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45
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Sorochinsky AE, Katagiri T, Ono T, Wzorek A, Aceña JL, Soloshonok VA. Optical purifications via self-disproportionation of enantiomers by achiral chromatography: case study of a series of α-CF3-containing secondary alcohols. Chirality 2013; 25:365-8. [PMID: 23716267 DOI: 10.1002/chir.22180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This work demonstrates that self-disproportionation of enantiomers via achiral chromatography can be recommended as inexpensive and general method for optical purification of enantiomerically enriched compounds. In particular, the advantage of this approach over conventional recrystallization is that it can be used for both crystalline as well as liquid compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Sorochinsky
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
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46
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Chiral initiator-induces self-disproportionation of enantiomers via achiral chromatography: application to enantiomer separation of racemate. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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47
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Self-disproportionation of enantiomers of prazoles via achiral, gravity-driven silica gel column chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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48
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49
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Sorochinsky AE, Ueki H, Aceña JL, Ellis TK, Moriwaki H, Sato T, Soloshonok VA. Chemical approach for interconversion of (S)- and (R)-α-amino acids. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:4503-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40541a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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50
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Self-disproportionation of Enantiomers of Enantiomerically Enriched Compounds. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2013; 341:301-39. [PMID: 23605252 DOI: 10.1007/128_2013_434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This review describes self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) of non-racemic mixtures, subjected to distillation, sublimation, or chromatography on achiral stationary phase using achiral eluent, which leads to the substantial enantiomeric enrichment and corresponding depletion in different fractions, as compared to the enantiomeric composition of the starting material. This phenomenon is of a very general nature as SDE has been reported for different classes of chiral organic compounds bearing various functional groups and possessing diverse elements of chirality. The literature data discussed in this review clearly suggests that SDE is typical for enantiomerically enriched chiral organic compounds and special care should always be taken in evaluation of the stereochemical outcome of enantioselective reactions as well as determination of enantiomeric ratios of non-racemic mixtures of natural products after any purification process. The role of molecular association of enantiomers on the magnitude and preparative efficiency of SDE, as a new, nonconventional method for enantiomerc purifications, is emphasized and discussed.
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