1
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de Abreu RMF, Brockmann T, Villinger A, Ehlers P, Langer P. Synthesis and properties of 6-alkynyl-5-aryluracils. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:898-911. [PMID: 38711590 PMCID: PMC11070962 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of a new and straightforward chemoselective method for the synthesis of uracil-based structures by combining Suzuki-Miyaura and Sonogashira-Hagihara cross-coupling is reported. The methodology was applied to synthesize a series of novel compounds. The tolerance of the combination of different functional groups was tested. The influence of different functional groups on the physical properties was studied by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) and fluorescence spectroscopy, providing new insights into the potential applications of uracil-based structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Till Brockmann
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Chemie, A.-Einstein-Str.3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Chemie, A.-Einstein-Str.3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Peter Ehlers
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Chemie, A.-Einstein-Str.3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Peter Langer
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Chemie, A.-Einstein-Str.3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock, A.-Einstein-Str.29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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2
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Yang Q, Ma N, He Y, Yu X, Yao B. Immobilized Palladium Nanoparticles on Phosphanamine-grafted Cellulose for Arylation of Uracil. CURRENT ORGANOCATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/2213337208666210816110719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The synthesis of 5-arylation uracil nucleosides is an imperative challenge,
especially for the method of Suzuki reaction using N-unprotected uracil as materials, which holds
the potential to enhance the yield.
Objective:
The objective of the study was to find a more efficient catalyst to increase the yield of
aryluracils and aryluridines.
Methods:
We first constructed the phosphanamine-grafted cellulose (PAGC) from cellulose material.
Then, we prepared the nanocatalyst PAGC/Pd(0) through heating and reducing the mixture of
PAGC and Pa(OAc)2.
Results:
When using this nanocatalyst to catalyze the Suzuki reaction of 5-iodouracil or 5-iodouridine
and aryl heterocyclic boronic acids, the arylation yields have been significantly improved.
Conclusion:
This means that the resultant nanocatalyst exhibits a remarkable catalytic efficacy for
Suzuki arylation of 5-iodouracil and 5-iodouridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- School of Sciences, Xi`an University of Technology,Xi’an, 710054, China
| | - Na Ma
- School of Sciences, Xi`an University of Technology,Xi’an, 710054, China
| | - Yangqing He
- School of Sciences, Xi`an University of Technology,Xi’an, 710054, China
| | - Xiaojiao Yu
- School of Sciences, Xi`an University of Technology,Xi’an, 710054, China
| | - Binghua Yao
- School of Sciences, Xi`an University of Technology,Xi’an, 710054, China
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3
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Savitha B, Reddy EK, Kumar CA, Karuvalam RP, Padusha MSA, Bakulev VA, Narasimhamurthy KH, Sajith AM, Joy MN. A modified approach for the site-selective direct C-6 arylation of benzylated uracil. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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4
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Gandeepan P, Müller T, Zell D, Cera G, Warratz S, Ackermann L. 3d Transition Metals for C-H Activation. Chem Rev 2018; 119:2192-2452. [PMID: 30480438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1444] [Impact Index Per Article: 240.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
C-H activation has surfaced as an increasingly powerful tool for molecular sciences, with notable applications to material sciences, crop protection, drug discovery, and pharmaceutical industries, among others. Despite major advances, the vast majority of these C-H functionalizations required precious 4d or 5d transition metal catalysts. Given the cost-effective and sustainable nature of earth-abundant first row transition metals, the development of less toxic, inexpensive 3d metal catalysts for C-H activation has gained considerable recent momentum as a significantly more environmentally-benign and economically-attractive alternative. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview on first row transition metal catalysts for C-H activation until summer 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthasarathy Gandeepan
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Daniel Zell
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Gianpiero Cera
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Svenja Warratz
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
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5
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Savitha B, Koti Reddy E, Parthasarathi D, Pakkath R, Sajith AM, Ananda kumar CS, Haridas KR, Syed Ali Padusha M. A Highly Efficient Catalyst for the Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reaction of 5-(5-chloropyridin-3-yl)-3-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2(3H
)-one. J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskaran Savitha
- Postgraduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Jamal Mohamed College; Bharathidasan University; Tiruchirappalli Tamil Nadu 620020 India
| | - Eeda Koti Reddy
- Department of Chemistry; Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research - VFSTR (Deemed to be University); Vadlamudi Guntur Andhra Pradesh 522 213 India
| | - D. Parthasarathi
- Postgraduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Jamal Mohamed College; Bharathidasan University; Tiruchirappalli Tamil Nadu 620020 India
| | - Rajeesh Pakkath
- School of Chemical Sciences; Kannur University; Payyanur Campus, Edat P.O Kannur Kerala 670327 India
| | - Ayyiliath M. Sajith
- Postgraduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Kasaragod Government College; Kannur University; Kasaragod Kerala 671123 India
| | - C. S. Ananda kumar
- Department of Nanotechnology; Visvesvaraya Technological University; CPGS Muddenahalli 562 101 India
- Centre for Material Science; University of Mysore, Manasagangotri; Mysuru Karnataka 570 006 India
| | - Karickal R. Haridas
- School of Chemical Sciences; Kannur University; Payyanur Campus, Edat P.O Kannur Kerala 670327 India
| | - M. Syed Ali Padusha
- Postgraduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Jamal Mohamed College; Bharathidasan University; Tiruchirappalli Tamil Nadu 620020 India
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6
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Rajapaksha SM, Mlsna TE, Pittman CU. A Regioselective Synthesis of 6-Alkyl- and 6-Aryluracils by Cs 2CO 3- or K 3PO 4-Promoted Dimerization of 3-Alkyl- and 3-Aryl-2-Propynamides. J Org Chem 2017; 82:5678-5688. [PMID: 28488857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A regioselective synthesis of 6-alkyl- and 6-aryluracils was developed by the dimerization of 3-alkyl- and 3-aryl-2-propynamides promoted by either Cs2CO3 or K3PO4. A range of 3-aryl-2-propynamides, with both electron-deficient and electron-rich 3-aryl substituents, were successfully reacted in high yields. Cs+ acts as a soft Lewis acid to polarize the carbon-carbon triple bond, and solid K3PO4 interacts with carbonyl oxygen, promoting intermolecular nucleophilic attack by the only weakly nucleophilic amide nitrogen. Experiments were conducted to support the proposed mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suranga M Rajapaksha
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University , Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Todd E Mlsna
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University , Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Charles U Pittman
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University , Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
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7
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Graml A, Ghosh I, König B. Synthesis of Arylated Nucleobases by Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis. J Org Chem 2017; 82:3552-3560. [PMID: 28247755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Arylated nucleobases were synthesized by visible light photocatalysis using rhodamine 6G as photoredox catalyst and N,N-diisopropylethylamine as sacrificial electron donor. The high redox potential of this catalyst system is achieved by a consecutive photoinduced electron transfer process (conPET) and allows the room temperature conversion of brominated and chlorinated nucleobases or nucleobase precursors as starting materials. In contrast to many transition-metal-based syntheses, a direct C-H arylation of nitrogen-containing halogenated heterocycles is possible without protection of the N-H groups. The method provides a simple, metal-free alternative for the synthesis of biologically interesting arylated heterocycles under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Graml
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg , Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Indrajit Ghosh
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg , Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg , Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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8
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Savitha B, Sajith AM, Reddy EK, Kumar CSA, Padusha MSA. Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction in water: facile synthesis of (hetero) aryl uracil bases using potassiumorganotrifluoroborates under microwave irradiation. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskaran Savitha
- Postgraduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Jamal Mohamed College; Bharathidasan University; Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620020 India
| | - Ayyiliath M. Sajith
- Postgraduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Kasaragod Government College; Kannur University; Kasaragod, Kerala 671123 India
| | - Eeda Koti Reddy
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Science and Humanities, Vignan‘s Foundation for Science; Technology and Research University-VFSTRU (Vignan University); Vadlamudi, Guntur 522 213, Andhra pradesh India
| | - C. S. Ananda Kumar
- Visvesvaraya Technological University, CPGS, Muddenahalli−562 101 and Centre for Material Science; University of Mysore; Mysuru - 570 006 India
| | - M. Syed Ali Padusha
- Postgraduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Jamal Mohamed College; Bharathidasan University; Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620020 India
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9
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Yang Q, Wei T, He Y, Liang Y, Zhang ZT. Direct Arylation of 5-Iodouracil and 5-Iodouridine with Heteroarenes and BenzeneviaPhotochemical Reaction. Helv Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201400351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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10
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Guchhait SK, Priyadarshani G. Synthesis of 2-Arylpyridopyrimidinones, 6-Aryluracils, and Tri- and Tetrasubstituted Conjugated Alkenes via Pd-Catalyzed Enolic C–O Bond Activation–Arylation. J Org Chem 2015; 80:6342-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sankar K. Guchhait
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S. A. S. Nagar
(Mohali) 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Garima Priyadarshani
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S. A. S. Nagar
(Mohali) 160062, Punjab, India
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11
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Liang Y, Wnuk SF. Modification of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides by direct C-H bond activation. Molecules 2015; 20:4874-901. [PMID: 25789821 PMCID: PMC6272170 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20034874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed modifications of the activated heterocyclic bases of nucleosides as well as DNA or RNA fragments employing traditional cross-coupling methods have been well-established in nucleic acid chemistry. This review covers advances in the area of cross-coupling reactions in which nucleosides are functionalized via direct activation of the C8-H bond in purine and the C5-H or C6-H bond in uracil bases. The review focuses on Pd/Cu-catalyzed couplings between unactivated nucleoside bases with aryl halides. It also discusses cross-dehydrogenative arylations and alkenylations as well as other reactions used for modification of nucleoside bases that avoid the use of organometallic precursors and involve direct C-H bond activation in at least one substrate. The scope and efficiency of these coupling reactions along with some mechanistic considerations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Stanislaw F Wnuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
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12
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Gayakhe V, Sanghvi YS, Fairlamb IJS, Kapdi AR. Catalytic C–H bond functionalisation of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides: a synthetic and mechanistic perspective. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:11944-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03416g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
C–H bond functionalisation of heteroarenes, especially nucleosides, has received a lot of attention in the past few years. This review describes the state-of the art in this area with a global aspiration for possibly functionalising purine and pyrimidine moieties in complex biomolecular systems.
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13
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14
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Liang Y, Gloudeman J, Wnuk SF. Palladium-catalyzed direct arylation of 5-halouracils and 5-halouracil nucleosides with arenes and heteroarenes promoted by TBAF. J Org Chem 2014; 79:4094-103. [PMID: 24724921 PMCID: PMC4011569 DOI: 10.1021/jo500602p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
1-N-benzyl-5-iodo(or bromo)uracil undergoes
Pd-catalyzed [Pd2(dba)3] direct arylation with
benzene and other simple arenes in the presence of TBAF in DMF without
the necessity of adding any ligands or additives to give 5-arylated
uracil analogues. The TBAF-promoted coupling also occurs efficiently
with electron rich heteroarenes at 100 °C (1 h) even with only
small excess of heteroarenes. The protocol avoids usage of the arylboronic
acid or stannane precursors for the synthesis of 5-(2-furyl, or 2-thienyl,
or 2-pyrrolyl)uracil nucleosides, which are used as important RNA
and DNA fluorescent probes. The fact that 1-N-benzyl-3-N-methyl-5-iodouracil did not undergo the TBAF-promoted
couplings with arenes or heteroarenes suggests that the C4-alkoxide
(enol form of uracil) facilitates coupling by participation in the
intramolecular processes of hydrogen abstraction from arenes. TBAF-promoted
arylation was extended into the other enolizable heterocyclic systems
such as 3-bromo-2-pyridone. The π-excessive heteroarenes also
coupled with 5-halouracils in the presence of Pd(OAc)2/Cs2CO3/PivOH combination in DMF (100 °C, 2 h)
to yield 5-arylated uracils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University , Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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15
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Ivanova B, Spiteller M. UV-MALDI mass spectrometric quantitation of uracil based pesticides in fruit soft drinks along with matrix effects evaluation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 100:233-241. [PMID: 24018142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the development of the accurate and precise quantitative method for the determination of pesticides bromacil (1), terbacil (2), lenacil (3), butafenacil (4) and flupropacil (5) in fruit based soft drinks. Three different types of drinks are bought from market; huddled orange fruit drink (100%) (I), red-oranges (II) and multivitamin drink containing strawberry, orange, banana and maracuja (III). Samples were analyzed "with" and "without" pulp utilizing LC-ESI (or APCI) MS/MS, HPLC-ESI-(or APCI)-MS/MS and UV-MALDI-Orbitrap-MS methods. The effect of high complexity of the food matrix on the analysis was discussed. Study focuses on the advantages of the UV-MALDI-Orbitrap-MS method compared to the traditionally involved GC alone or hybrid methods such as GC-MS and LC-MS/MS for quantification of pesticides in water and soft drinks. The developed method included the techniques performed for validation, calibration and standardization. The target pesticides are widely used for the treatment of citrus fruits and pineapples, but for soft drink products, there are still no clear regulations on pesticide residues limits. The matrix effects in the analysis of fruit drinks required implementation of the exact standard reference material corresponds to the variety of food matrices. This paper contributed to the broad analytical implementation of the UV-MALDI-Orbitrap-MS method in the quality control and assessment programs for monitoring of pesticide contamination in fruit based sodas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojidarka Ivanova
- Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie, Institut für Umweltforschung, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany.
| | - Michael Spiteller
- Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie, Institut für Umweltforschung, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
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16
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Mondal B, Hazra S, Roy B. Pd(II)-catalyzed regioselective direct arylation of uracil via oxidative Heck reaction using arylboronic acids. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.12.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Gong H, Yang Y, Wang Z, Kuang C. An easy direct arylation of 5-pyrazolones. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:2033-9. [PMID: 24204415 PMCID: PMC3817516 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A mild, efficient and catalytic ligand-free method for the direct arylation of 5-pyrazolones by Pd-catalyzed C-H bond activation is reported. The process smoothly proceeds and yields are moderate to excellent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai 200092, China
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18
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Shih YC, Yang YY, Lin CC, Chien TC. Synthesis of 6-alkyluridines from 6-cyanouridine via zinc(II) chloride-catalyzed nucleophilic substitution with alkyl Grignard reagents. J Org Chem 2013; 78:4027-36. [PMID: 23535022 DOI: 10.1021/jo400364p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
6-Cyanouracil derivatives underwent a direct nucleophilic substitution reaction with alkyl Grignard reagents in the presence of zinc(II) chloride as a catalyst to form the corresponding 6-alkyluracils. This methodology is applicable to sugar-protected 6-cyanouridine and 6-cyano-2'-deoxyuridine without the protection at the N(3)-imide and provides a facile and general access to versatile 6-alkyluracil and 6-alkyluridine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chiao Shih
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
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