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Dai J, Tian S, Yang X, Liu Z. Synthesis methods of 1,2,3-/1,2,4-triazoles: A review. Front Chem 2022; 10:891484. [PMID: 36226121 PMCID: PMC9548580 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.891484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Triazole, comprising three nitrogen atoms and two carbon atoms, is divided into two isomers 1,2,3-triazole and 1,2,4-triazole. Compounds containing a triazole are one of the significant heterocycles that exhibit broad biological activities, such as antimicrobial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, antineoplastic, antimalarial, antiviral, antiproliferative, and anticancer activities. A great quantity of drugs with a triazole structure has been developed and proved, for example, ketoconazole and fluconazole. Given the importance of the triazole scaffold, its synthesis has attracted much attention. This review summarizes the synthetic methods of triazole compounds from various nitrogen sources in the past 20 years.
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Recent advances in the chemistry of 1,2,4-triazoles: Synthesis, reactivity and biological activities. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Galbiati A, Zana A, Coser C, Tamborini L, Basilico N, Parapini S, Taramelli D, Conti P. Development of Potent 3-Br-isoxazoline-Based Antimalarial and Antileishmanial Compounds. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1726-1732. [PMID: 34795860 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Starting from the structure of previously reported 3-Br-isoxazoline-based covalent inhibitors of P. falciparum glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and with the intent to improve their metabolic stability and antimalarial activity, we designed and synthesized a series of simplified analogues that are characterized by the insertion of the oxadiazole ring as a bioisosteric replacement for the metabolically labile ester/amide function. We then further replaced the oxadiazole ring with a series of five-membered heterocycles and finally combined the most promising structural features. All the new derivatives were tested in vitro for antimalarial as well as antileishmanial activity. We identified two very promising new lead compounds, endowed with submicromolar antileishmanial activity and nanomolar antiplasmodial activity, respectively, and a very high selectivity index with respect to mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Galbiati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, Milano 20133, Italy
- Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulla Malaria/Italian Malaria Network, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Pascal 36, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Aureliano Zana
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Consuelo Coser
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Lucia Tamborini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, Milano 20133, Italy
- Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulla Malaria/Italian Malaria Network, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Pascal 36, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Basilico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Pascal 36, Milano 20133, Italy
- Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulla Malaria/Italian Malaria Network, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Pascal 36, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Silvia Parapini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Pascal 36, Milano 20133, Italy
- Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulla Malaria/Italian Malaria Network, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Pascal 36, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Donatella Taramelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Pascal 36, Milano 20133, Italy
- Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulla Malaria/Italian Malaria Network, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Pascal 36, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Paola Conti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, Milano 20133, Italy
- Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulla Malaria/Italian Malaria Network, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Pascal 36, Milano 20133, Italy
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Zribi L, Ismaili L, Vieira‐Ferreira LF, Ferreira‐Machado IL, Marco‐Contelles J, Chabchoub F. Synthesis and Fluorescence of (E)‐3‐Aryl‐2‐(5‐aryl‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐yl) Acrylonitriles. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lazhar Zribi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée: Hétérocycles, Corps Gras et Polymères, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax Université de Sfax. B. P 802. 3000 Sfax Tunisia
| | - Lhassane Ismaili
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Neurosciences intégratives et cliniques EA 481 Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR Santé, 19 rue Ambroise Paré F-25000 Besançon France
| | - Luís F. Vieira‐Ferreira
- Instituto de Bioengenharia e Biociências (iBB), Instituto Superior Técnico Universidade de Lisboa Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Isabel L. Ferreira‐Machado
- Instituto de Bioengenharia e Biociências (iBB), Instituto Superior Técnico Universidade de Lisboa Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
- Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre P7300-110 Portalegre Portugal
| | - José Marco‐Contelles
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (IQOG, CSIC) Juan de la Cierva, 3 28006- Madrid Spain
| | - Fakher Chabchoub
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée: Hétérocycles, Corps Gras et Polymères, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax Université de Sfax. B. P 802. 3000 Sfax Tunisia
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DFT investigation of solvent, substituent, and catalysis effects on the intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction. J Mol Model 2021; 27:125. [PMID: 33829417 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04729-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report on a DFT investigation of two intramolecular Diels-Alder furan reactions. Optimizations of the studied structures, TS and IRC calculations, were carried out at B3LYP/6-31G(d) level. We have studied the effect of substituent, solvent and Lewis acid catalyst on cyclization-retrocyclization equilibria, activation energies, and stability of the desired products. The analysis of orbital coefficients, IRC curves, and Wiberg indices have proved that both reactions are under orbital control. We have found that for the reaction I (2↔4 + 5), where R = H, the exo attack is favored by hydrogen bond interaction, while for R = t-Bu, the steric hindrance leads to the endo attack. For the reaction II (3 → 6 + 7), the t-Bu-substituted products are the most stable ones. At another level, we have found that it is recommended to use polar organic solvents as DMSO with Lewis acid catalyst BF3. The latest leads to accelerate the reaction II with stabilization of the desired products.
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Radchenko DS, Naumchyk VS, Dziuba I, Kyrylchuk AA, Gubina KE, Moroz YS, Grygorenko OO. One-pot parallel synthesis of 1,3,5-trisubstituted 1,2,4-triazoles. Mol Divers 2021; 26:993-1004. [PMID: 33797670 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10218-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An implementation of the three-component one-pot approach to unsymmetrical 1,3,5-trisubstituted-1,2,4-triazoles into combinatorial chemistry is described. The procedure is based on the coupling of amidines with carboxylic acids and subsequent cyclization with hydrazines. After the preliminary assessment of the reagent scope, the method had 81% success rate in parallel synthesis. It was shown that over a billion-sized chemical space of readily accessible ("REAL") compounds may be generated based on the proposed methodology. Analysis of physicochemical parameters shows that the library contains significant fractions of both drug-like and "beyond-rule-of-five" members. More than 10 million of accessible compounds meet the strictest lead-likeness criteria. Additionally, 195 Mln of sp3-enriched compounds can be produced. This makes the proposed approach a valuable tool in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro S Radchenko
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | | | - Igor Dziuba
- Chemspace, Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Andrii A Kyrylchuk
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Street 5, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Kateryna E Gubina
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Yurii S Moroz
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine.,Chemspace, Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr O Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine. .,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine.
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Channa Basappa V, Hamse Kameshwar V, Kumara K, Achutha DK, Neratur Krishnappagowda L, Kariyappa AK. Design and synthesis of coumarin-triazole hybrids: biocompatible anti-diabetic agents, in silico molecular docking and ADME screening. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05290. [PMID: 33102875 PMCID: PMC7575805 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study demonstrates the synthesis of coumarin-triazole hybrids 8 (a-e) in four steps starting from substituted salicylaldehyde 1 (a-e), and diethyl malonate 2. The spectroscopic studies provide the structure proofs of the new compounds, and the molecular structure of an intermediate 3a by crystallographic studies. The crystal structure analysis revealed the C–H...O, C–H... π, C–O...π and π...π molecular interactions. Further, the intermolecular interactions were quantified using Hirshfeld surface analysis and the DFT method B3LYP functional with 6–311++ G (d,p) basis set was employed to optimize the molecular geometry. The synthesized new coumarin-triazole hybrids, 8 (a–e) were screened for their α-amylase inhibitory potentials, and the results suggest that amongst the series, compounds 8c, and 8e show the promising inhibition of the enzyme, and might act as lead molecules for anti-diabetic activities. To understand the mode of action in silico molecular docking and ADME screening were performed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivek Hamse Kameshwar
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Adichunchanagiri University-Centre for Research and Innovation, Adichunchanagiri University B.G Nagara, Mandya, India
| | - Karthik Kumara
- Department of Studies in Physics, University of Mysore, Mysuru, India.,Department of Physics, School of Sciences, Jain University (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, India
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Molnar M, Periš I, Komar M. Choline Chloride Based Deep Eutectic Solvents as a Tuneable Medium for Synthesis of Coumarinyl 1,2,4-Triazoles: Effect of Solvent Type and Temperature. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Molnar
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Ecology; Faculty of Food Technology Osijek; F. Kuhača 20 31000 Osijek Croatia
| | - Ivana Periš
- Department of Biology; Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek; Cara Hadrijana 8/A 31000 Osijek Croatia
| | - Mario Komar
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Ecology; Faculty of Food Technology Osijek; F. Kuhača 20 31000 Osijek Croatia
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