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Goel KK, Thapliyal S, Kharb R, Joshi G, Negi A, Kumar B. Imidazoles as Serotonin Receptor Modulators for Treatment of Depression: Structural Insights and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2208. [PMID: 37765177 PMCID: PMC10535231 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotoninergic signaling is identified as a crucial player in psychiatric disorders (notably depression), presenting it as a significant therapeutic target for treating such conditions. Inhibitors of serotoninergic signaling (especially selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) or serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI)) are prominently selected as first-line therapy for the treatment of depression, which benefits via increasing low serotonin levels and norepinephrine by blocking serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake and thereby increasing activity. While developing newer heterocyclic scaffolds to target/modulate the serotonergic systems, imidazole-bearing pharmacophores have emerged. The imidazole-derived pharmacophore already demonstrated unique structural characteristics and an electron-rich environment, ultimately resulting in a diverse range of bioactivities. Therefore, the current manuscript discloses such a specific modification and structural activity relationship (SAR) of attempted derivatization in terms of the serotonergic efficacy of the resultant inhibitor. We also featured a landscape of imidazole-based development, focusing on SAR studies against the serotoninergic system to target depression. This study covers the recent advancements in synthetic methodologies for imidazole derivatives and the development of new molecules having antidepressant activity via modulating serotonergic systems, along with their SAR studies. The focus of the study is to provide structural insights into imidazole-based derivatives as serotonergic system modulators for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Kumar Goel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar 249404, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Somesh Thapliyal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HNB Garhwal University, Chauras Campus, Srinagar Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India (G.J.)
| | - Rajeev Kharb
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gaurav Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HNB Garhwal University, Chauras Campus, Srinagar Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India (G.J.)
| | - Arvind Negi
- Department of Bioproduct and Biosystems, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Bhupinder Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HNB Garhwal University, Chauras Campus, Srinagar Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India (G.J.)
- Department of Chemistry, Graphic Era (Deemed to Be University), Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
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Rajaraman D, Anthony LA, Nethaji P, Vallangi R. One-pot synthesis, NMR, quantum chemical approach, molecular docking studies, drug-likeness and in-silico ADMET prediction of novel 1-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-2-(furan-2-yl)-4,5-diphenyl-1 H-imidazole derivatives. J Mol Struct 2023; 1273:134314. [PMID: 36277302 PMCID: PMC9576197 DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A novel drug to treat SARS-CoV-2 infections and hydroxyl chloroquine analogue, 1-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-2-(furan-2-yl)-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole (DDFDI) compound has been synthesized in one pot reaction. The novel compound DDFDI had been characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectral techniques. The geometrical structure was optimized by density functional theory (DFT) method at B3LYP/6-31G (d, p) as the basis set. The smaller energy value provides the higher reactivity of DDFDI compound than hydroxyl chloroquine and was corrected by high electrophilic and low nucleophilic reactions. The stability and charge delocalization of the molecule were also considered by natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The HOMO-LUMO energies describe the charge transfer which takes place within the molecule. Molecular electrostatic potential has also been analysed. Drug likeness and oral activity have been carried out based on Lipinski's rule of five. Molecular docking studies are implemented to analyse the binding energy of the DDFDI compound against Covid-19/6W41, COVID-19/6WCF, COVID-19/6Y84 and COVID-19/6W4B receptors and found to be considered as a better antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Rajaraman
- Department of Chemistry, St Joseph University, Virgin Town, Dimapur, Nagaland 797 115, India,Corresponding author
| | - L. Athishu Anthony
- Department of Chemistry, St Joseph University, Virgin Town, Dimapur, Nagaland 797 115, India
| | - P. Nethaji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Tamil Nadu 603 110, India
| | - Ravali Vallangi
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Monirampore, Kolkata, West Bengal 700120, India
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Anthony LA, Rajaraman D, Sundararajan G, Suresh M, Nethaji P, Jaganathan R, Poomani K. Synthesis, crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis, DFT, molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation studies of (E)-2,6-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methyl-4-(2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)hydrazono)piperidine derivatives. J Mol Struct 2022; 1266:133483. [PMID: 35692554 PMCID: PMC9175251 DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A novel drug to treat SARS-CoV-2 infections and hydroxyl chloroquine analogue, (E)-2,6-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methyl-4-(2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)hydrazono)piperidine (BCMTP) compound has been synthesized in one pot reaction. The novel compound BCMTP has been characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction patterns. Crystal packing is stabilized by C8-H8A•••Cl10i, C41-H41•••Cl1ii and N1-H1A•••Cl6iii intermolecular hydrogen bonds. From the geometrical parameters, it is observed that the piperidine ring adopts chair conformation. Hirshfeld surface analysis was carried out to quantify the interactions and an interaction energy analysis was done to study the interactions between pairs of molecules. The geometrical structure was optimized by density functional theory (DFT) method at B3LYP/6-31G (d, p) as the basic set. The smaller binding energy value provides the higher reactivity of BCMTP compound than hydroxyl chloroquine and was corrected by high electrophilic and low nucleophilic reactions. The stability and charge delocalization of the molecule were also considered by natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The HOMO-LUMO energies describe the charge transfer which takes place within the molecule. Molecular electrostatic potential has also been analysed. Molecular docking studies are implemented to analyse the binding energy of the BCMTP compound against standard drugs such as the crystal structure of ADP ribose phosphatase of NSP3 from SARS-CoV-2 in complex with MES and SARS-CoV-2 main protease with an unliganded active site (2019-nCoV, corona virus disease 2019, COVID-19) and found to be considered having better antiviral agents. Molecular dynamics simulation was performed for COVID-19 main protease (Mpro: 6WCF/6Y84) to understand the elements governing the inhibitory effect and the stability of interaction under dynamic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Athishu Anthony
- Department of Chemistry, St Joseph University, Dimapur, Nagaland 797 115, India
| | - D Rajaraman
- Department of Chemistry, St Joseph University, Dimapur, Nagaland 797 115, India
| | - G Sundararajan
- Department of Chemistry, Thanthai Hans Roever College (Autonomous), Perambalur 621220, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Suresh
- Department of Chemistry, AVS Arts and Science College, Salem, Tamil Nadu 603 110, India
| | - P Nethaji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Tamil Nadu 603 110, India
| | - R Jaganathan
- Laboratory of Biocrystallography and Computational Molecular Biology, Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, India
| | - Kumaradhas Poomani
- Laboratory of Biocrystallography and Computational Molecular Biology, Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, India
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Li J, Jia X, Qiu J, Wang M, Chen J, Jing M, Xu Y, Zheng X, Dai H. Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Synthesis of 1,2,5-Trisubstituted Imidazoles via a Multicomponent Reaction of Vinyl Azides with Aromatic Aldehydes and Aromatic Amines. J Org Chem 2022; 87:13945-13954. [PMID: 36223536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A facile and efficient approach to the synthesis of 1,2,5-trisubstituted imidazoles is developed via a multicomponent reaction under metal-free catalysis. Under Brønsted acid catalysis, the desired products can be obtained from readily available vinyl azides, aromatic aldehydes, and aromatic amines without generating any toxic waste. The convenient operations and high functional group compatibility indicate that this approach offers an attractive alternative method for the synthesis of imidazole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuling Li
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Funiu Mountain's Medical Resources Utilization and Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Jia
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Funiu Mountain's Medical Resources Utilization and Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju Qiu
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Funiu Mountain's Medical Resources Utilization and Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Funiu Mountain's Medical Resources Utilization and Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Chen
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Funiu Mountain's Medical Resources Utilization and Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghui Jing
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Funiu Mountain's Medical Resources Utilization and Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifu Xu
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Funiu Mountain's Medical Resources Utilization and Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Zheng
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Funiu Mountain's Medical Resources Utilization and Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Dai
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Funiu Mountain's Medical Resources Utilization and Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, People's Republic of China
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Elejalde-Cadena NR, García-Olave M, Figueroa D, Vidossich P, Miscione GP, Portilla J. Influence of Steric Effect on the Pseudo-Multicomponent Synthesis of N-Aroylmethyl-4-Arylimidazoles. Molecules 2022; 27:1165. [PMID: 35208948 PMCID: PMC8874432 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A pseudo-three-component synthesis of N-aroylmethylimidazoles 3 with three new C-N bonds formed regioselectively under microwave conditions was developed. Products were obtained by reacting two equivalents of aroylmethyl bromide (ArCOCH2Br, 1) with the appropriate amidine salt (RCN2H3.HX, 2) and with K2CO3 as a base in acetonitrile. The bicomponent reaction also occurred, giving the expected 4(5)-aryl-1H-imidazoles 4. Notably, the ratio of products 3 and 4 is governed by steric factors of the amidine 2 (i.e., R = H, CH3, Ph). Therefore, a computational study was carried out to understand the reaction course regarding product ratio (3/4), regioselectivity, and the steric effects of the amidine substituent group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerith Rocio Elejalde-Cadena
- Bioorganic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-10, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (N.R.E.-C.); (M.G.-O.)
| | - Mayra García-Olave
- Bioorganic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-10, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (N.R.E.-C.); (M.G.-O.)
| | - David Figueroa
- COBO-Computational Bio-Organic Chemistry Bogotá, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de los Andes, Cra 1 No. 18A-12, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (D.F.); (G.P.M.)
| | - Pietro Vidossich
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug Discovery, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy;
| | - Gian Pietro Miscione
- COBO-Computational Bio-Organic Chemistry Bogotá, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de los Andes, Cra 1 No. 18A-12, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (D.F.); (G.P.M.)
| | - Jaime Portilla
- Bioorganic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-10, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (N.R.E.-C.); (M.G.-O.)
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Zhang J, Zhang C, Zheng Z, Zhou P, Liu W. Research Progress of Sulfoxonium Ylides in the Construction of Five/Six-Membered Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202204002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Gao Q, Wu M, Zhang L, Xu P, Wang H, Sun Z, Fang L, Duan Y, Bai S, Zhou X, Han M, Zhang J, Lv J. Open-Air Dual-Diamination of Aromatic Aldehydes: Direct Synthesis of Azolo-Fused 1,3,5-Triazines Facilitated by Ammonium Iodide. J Org Chem 2021; 86:17265-17273. [PMID: 34792363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A new and practical protocol for the synthesis of medicinally privileged azolo[1,3,5]triazines by simply heating under air has been presented. The in situ generated N-azolo amidines from commercially available aromatic aldehydes and 3-aminoazoles with ammonium iodide undergo the second diamination to accomplish the [3 + 1 + 1 + 1] heteroannulation reaction. This convenient process is appreciated by high efficiency, broad substrate scope, gram-scale synthesis, and operational simplicity under reagent-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghe Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Manman Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Le Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Pengju Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - He Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Lizhen Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Yingchao Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Suping Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Mingxin Han
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Jixia Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Jieli Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
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Abstract
The review highlights the recent advances (2018-present) in the regiocontrolled synthesis of substituted imidazoles. These heterocycles are key components to functional molecules that are used in a variety of everyday applications. An emphasis has been placed on the bonds constructed during the formation of the imidazole. The utility of these methodologies based around the functional group compatibility of the process and resultant substitution patterns around the ring are described, including discussion of scope and limitations, reaction mechanisms and future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii A Shabalin
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry SB RAS, 1 Favorsky St, Irkutsk, 664033, Russian Federation
| | - Jason E Camp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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