1
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Iwasaki T, Nozaki K. Counterintuitive chemoselectivity in the reduction of carbonyl compounds. Nat Rev Chem 2024; 8:518-534. [PMID: 38831138 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00608-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The reactivity of carbonyl functional groups largely depends on the substituents on the carbon atom. Reversal of the commonly accepted order of reactivity of different carbonyl compounds requires novel synthetic approaches. Achieving selective reduction will enable the transformation of carbon resources such as plastic waste, carbon dioxide and biomass into valuable chemicals. In this Review, we explore the reduction of less reactive carbonyl groups in the presence of those typically considered more reactive. We discuss reductions, including the controlled reduction of ureas, amides and esters to aldehydes, as well as chemoselective reductions of carbonyl groups, including the reduction of ureas over carbamates, amides and esters; the reduction of amides over esters, ketones and aldehydes; and the reduction of ketones over aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Iwasaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kyoko Nozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Zhong F, Yue WJ, Yin XH, Zhang HM, Yin L. Copper(I)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of α-Allenylamines and β-Lactams through Regioselective Mannich-Type Reactions. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wen-Jun Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xing-Hao Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hong-Ming Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Liang Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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3
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Fu DJ, Zhang YF, Chang AQ, Li J. β-Lactams as promising anticancer agents: Molecular hybrids, structure activity relationships and potential targets. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 201:112510. [PMID: 32592915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
β-Lactam, commonly referred as azetidin-2-one, is a multifunctional building block for synthesizing β-amino ketones, γ-amino alcohols, and other compounds. Besides its well known antibiotic activity, this ring system exhibits a wide range of activities, attracting the attention of researchers. However, the structurally diverse β-lactam analogues as anticancer agents and their different molecular targets are poorly discussed. The purpose of this review is 3-fold: (1) to explore the molecular hybridization approach to design β-lactams hybrids as anticancer agents; (2) the structure activity relationship of the most active anticancer β-lactams and (3) to summarize their antitumor mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Jun Fu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Feng Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - An-Qi Chang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Bornschein C, Lennox AJJ, Werkmeister S, Junge K, Beller M. A Mild and Selective Reduction of β-Lactams: Rh-Catalyzed Hydrosilylation towards Important Pharmacological Building Blocks. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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5
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Short and efficient route toward α-substituted N-arylazetidines from acetanilides via Mitsunobu reaction. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.06.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Lee SH, Nikonov GI. Semi-catalytic reduction of secondary amides to imines and aldehydes. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:8888-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00372a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium catalyzed reduction of iminoyl chlorides by HSiMe2Ph allows for a two-step conversion of secondary amides into imines and aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hwa Lee
- Chemistry Department
- Brock University
- St. Catharines, Canada
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7
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Alcaide B, Almendros P, Aragoncillo C, Gómez-Campillos G. Synthesis of Functionalized Azetidines through Chemoselective Zinc-Catalyzed Reduction of β-Lactams with Silanes. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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8
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Núñez-Villanueva D, Infantes L, García-López MT, González-Muñiz R, Martín-Martínez M. Azepane Quaternary Amino Acids As Effective Inducers of 310 Helix Conformations. J Org Chem 2012; 77:9833-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo301379r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lourdes Infantes
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano (IQFR-CSIC), Serrano 119, 28006
Madrid, Spain
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9
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Casagrande M, Barteselli A, Basilico N, Parapini S, Taramelli D, Sparatore A. Synthesis and antiplasmodial activity of new heteroaryl derivatives of 7-chloro-4-aminoquinoline. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:5965-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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10
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Pérez-Faginas P, Aranda MT, García-López MT, Snoeck R, Andrei G, Balzarini J, González-Muñiz R. Synthesis and SAR studies on azetidine-containing dipeptides as HCMV inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 19:1155-61. [PMID: 21256035 PMCID: PMC7127091 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
SAR studies on an azetidine-containing dipeptide prototype inhibitor of HCMV are described. Three series of structurally modified analogues, involving substitutions at the N- and C-terminus, and at the C-terminal side-chain were synthesized and evaluated for antiviral activity. Aliphatic or no substituents at the C-carboxamide group, an aliphatic C-terminal side-chain, as well as a benzyloxycarbonyl moiety at the N-terminus were absolute requirements for anti-HCMV activity. The conformational restriction induced by the 2-azetidine residue into the dipeptide derivatives, identified by 1H NMR as a γ-type reverse turn, seems to have influence on the activity of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Pérez-Faginas
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juna de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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11
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Casagrande M, Basilico N, Rusconi C, Taramelli D, Sparatore A. Synthesis, antimalarial activity, and cellular toxicity of new arylpyrrolylaminoquinolines. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:6625-33. [PMID: 20797868 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A set of nine new arylpyrrolyl derivatives of 7-chloro-4-aminoquinoline, characterized by different substituents on the phenyl ring or different distance between the pyrrolic nitrogen and the 4-aminoquinoline, has been synthesized and tested for their activity against D-10 (CQ-S) and W-2 (CQ-R) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. All compounds exhibited activity against the CQ-S strain in the low nM range, comparable to that of chloroquine. Some of them were also highly active against the CQ-R strain and not toxic against normal cells. The antimalarial activity of this new class of compounds seems to be related to the inhibition of heme detoxification process of parasites, as in the case of chloroquine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manolo Casagrande
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche Pietro Pratesi, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli, 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
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12
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Baeza JL, Bonache MÁ, García-López MT, González-Muñiz R, Martín-Martínez M. 2-Alkyl-2-carboxyazetidines as γ-turn inducers: incorporation into neurotrophin fragments. Amino Acids 2010; 39:1299-307. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0569-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Baeza JL, Gerona-Navarro G, Thompson K, Pérez de Vega MJ, Infantes L, García-López MT, González-Muñiz R, Martín-Martínez M. Further Evidence for 2-Alkyl-2-carboxyazetidines as γ-Turn Inducers. J Org Chem 2009; 74:8203-11. [DOI: 10.1021/jo901712x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Baeza
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Kevin Thompson
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Lourdes Infantes
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano (CSIC), Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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14
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Cativiela C, Ordóñez M. Recent Progress on the Stereoselective Synthesis of Cyclic Quaternary alpha-Amino Acids. TETRAHEDRON, ASYMMETRY 2009; 20:1-63. [PMID: 20300486 PMCID: PMC2839256 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2009.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The most recent papers describing the stereoselective synthesis of cyclic quaternary alpha-amino acids are collected in this review. The diverse synthetic approaches are classified according to the size of the ring and taking into account the bond that is formed to complete the quaternary skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cativiela
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, ICMA, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza (Spain)
| | - Mario Ordóñez
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos (México)
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15
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Pérez-Faginas P, Aranda MT, Coady L, García-López MT, González-Muñiz R. Simple, Highly Enantioselective Access to Quaternary 1,3,4,4-Tetrasubstituted β-Lactams from Amino Acids: A Solid-Phase Approach. Adv Synth Catal 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200800432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Burtoloso ACB, Correia CRD. Stereoselective synthesis of azetidine-derived glutamate and aspartate analogues from chiral azetidin-3-ones. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Casagrande M, Basilico N, Parapini S, Romeo S, Taramelli D, Sparatore A. Novel amodiaquine congeners as potent antimalarial agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:6813-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2008] [Revised: 05/09/2008] [Accepted: 05/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Baeza JL, Gerona-Navarro G, Pérez de Vega J, García-López MT, González-Muñiz R, Martín-Martínez M. Azetidine-Derived Amino Acids versus Proline Derivatives. Alternative Trends in Reverse Turn Induction. J Org Chem 2008; 73:1704-15. [DOI: 10.1021/jo701746w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Baeza
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jesús Pérez de Vega
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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19
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Alcaide B, Almendros P, Aragoncillo C. β-Lactams: Versatile Building Blocks for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Non-β-Lactam Products. Chem Rev 2007; 107:4437-92. [PMID: 17649981 DOI: 10.1021/cr0307300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 416] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benito Alcaide
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain.
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20
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Baeza JL, Gerona-Navarro G, Pérez de Vega MJ, García-López MT, González-Muñiz R, Martín-Martínez M. 2-Alkyl-2-carboxy-azetidines as scaffolds for the induction of γ-turns. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.03.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Sasakuma H, Motoyama Y, Nagashima H. Functional group-selective poisoning of molecular catalysts: a ruthenium cluster-catalysed highly amide-selective silane reduction that does not affect ketones or esters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:4916-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b711743d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Panunzio M, Tamanini E, Bandini E, Campana E, D'Aurizio A, Vicennati P. 5-Phenylthio-1,3-oxazinan-4-ones via hetero Diels–Alder reactions: synthesis of (R)- and (S)-Duloxetines and Fluoxetines. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Couty F, Evano G. AZETIDINE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID. FROM LILY OF THE VALLEY TO KEY PHARMACEUTICALS. A JUBILEE REVIEW. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00304940609356436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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24
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Jiménez AI, López P, Cativiela C. Synthesis and HPLC enantioseparation of the cyclopropane analogue of valine (c3Val). Chirality 2005; 17:22-9. [PMID: 15515045 DOI: 10.1002/chir.20091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A new and efficient method is presented for the preparation of the N-Boc-protected cyclopropane analogue of valine, 1-(N-tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid, both in racemic and enantiomerically pure forms. Cyclopropanation of the exocyclic double bond of 2-phenyl-4-isopropylidene-5(4H)-oxazolone with diazomethane followed by elaboration of the heterocyclic moiety provided multigram quantities of the racemic target compound. Subsequent HPLC resolution of a racemic precursor on a noncommercial chiral stationary phase has given access to enantiomerically pure products. Almost 1.5 g of the first-eluted enantiomer and 1.0 g of the second-eluted enantiomer have been isolated in optically pure form using a 150 x 20 mm ID column containing mixed 10-undecenoate/3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate of cellulose covalently bonded to allylsilica gel with a mixture of hexanes/tert-butyl methyl ether/ethyl acetate as the mobile phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, ICMA, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain
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25
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Gerona-Navarro G, Pérez de Vega MJ, García-López MT, Andrei G, Snoeck R, De Clercq E, Balzarini J, González-Muñiz R. From 1-acyl-beta-lactam human cytomegalovirus protease inhibitors to 1-benzyloxycarbonylazetidines with improved antiviral activity. A straightforward approach to convert covalent to noncovalent inhibitors. J Med Chem 2005; 48:2612-21. [PMID: 15801851 DOI: 10.1021/jm0492812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Starting from the structure of known beta-lactam covalent human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) protease inhibitors and from the knowledge of the residues implicated in the active site of this enzyme, we designed a series of phenylalanine-derived 2-azetidinones bearing a 4-carboxylate moiety that could be apt for additional interactions with the guanidine group of the Arg165/Arg166 residues of the viral protease. Some compounds within this series showed anti-HCMV activity at 10-50 muM, but rather high toxicity. The presence of aromatic 1-acyl groups and a certain hydrophobic character in the region of the 4-carboxylate were stringent requirements for anti-HCMV activity. To go a step ahead into the search for effective HCMV medicines, we then envisaged a series of noncovalent inhibitors by simple deletion of the carbonyl group in the beta-lactam derivatives to provide the corresponding azetidines. This led to low micromolar inhibitors of HCMV replication, with 17 and 27 being particularly promising lead compounds for further investigation, although their toxicity still needs to be lowered.
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27
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Bräuner-Osborne H, Bunch L, Chopin N, Couty F, Evano G, Jensen AA, Kusk M, Nielsen B, Rabasso N. Azetidinic amino acids: stereocontrolled synthesis and pharmacological characterization as ligands for glutamate receptors and transporters. Org Biomol Chem 2005; 3:3926-36. [PMID: 16240010 DOI: 10.1039/b509514j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A set of ten azetidinic amino acids, that can be envisioned as C-4 alkyl substituted analogues of trans-2-carboxyazetidine-3-acetic acid (t-CAA) and/or conformationally constrained analogues of (R)- or (S)-glutamic acid (Glu) have been synthesized in a diastereo- and enantiomerically pure form from beta-amino alcohols through a straightforward five step sequence. The key step of this synthesis is an original anionic 4-exo-tet ring closure that forms the azetidine ring upon an intramolecular Michael addition. This reaction was proven to be reversible and to lead to a thermodynamic distribution of two diastereoisomers that were easily separated and converted in two steps into azetidinic amino acids. Azetidines 35-44 were characterized in binding studies on native ionotropic Glu receptors and in functional assays at cloned metabotropic receptors mGluR1, 2 and 4, representing group I, II and III mGlu receptors, respectively. Furthermore, azetidine analogues 35, 36, and 40 were also characterized as potential ligands at the glutamate transporter subtypes EAAT1-3 in the FLIPR Membrane Potential (FMP) assay. The (2R)-azetidines 35, 37, 39, 41 and 43 were inactive in iGlu, mGlu and EAAT assays, whereas a marked change in the pharmacological profile at the iGlu receptors was observed when a methyl group was introduced in the C-4 position, compound 36 versus t-CAA. At EAAT1-3, compound 35 was inactive, whereas azetidines 36 and 40 were both identified as inhibitors and showed selectivity for the EAAT2 subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Bräuner-Osborne
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Danish University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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28
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Synthesis of enantiomerically pure (S)- and (R)-fluoxetine (Prozac®) via a hetero Diels–Alder strategy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2004.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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