1
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Gao S, Liu ZJ, Luo YZ, Yao ZJ. Half-sandwich iridium complexes with hydrazone ligands: preparation, structure, and catalytic synthesis of cyanosilylethers under air. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:11104-11112. [PMID: 37493192 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01617j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
A series of hydrazone-based N,O-chelate half-sandwich iridium complexes were synthesized through a facile route with good yields. These air- and moisture-stable iridium complexes exhibited excellent catalytic activity in the cyanosilylether synthesis under mild reaction conditions. Under the catalysis of iridium, various cyanosilylethers with different substituents were obtained through a one-pot reaction of trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN) with carbonyl substrates, with good to excellent yields. The excellent catalytic efficiency, wide substrate range, and mild reaction conditions made this type of iridium catalyst have the potential for industrial applications. All the half-sandwich iridium complexes were well characterized by IR, NMR, and EA analyses. The molecular structure of iridium complex 1 was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Gao
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China.
| | - Zhen-Jiang Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China.
| | - Yu-Zhou Luo
- Scientific Research Office, Guangzhou College of Commerce, Guangzhou, 511363, China.
| | - Zi-Jian Yao
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China.
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2
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Wang K, Li H, Yang L, Liu ZJ, Yao ZJ. Half-Sandwich Ruthenium Complexes with Hydrazone Ligands: Preparation, Structure, and Catalytic Activity in Cyanosilylether Synthesis under an Air Atmosphere. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37310847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A new class of N,O-coordinate half-sandwich ruthenium complexes supported by hydrazone ligands with a general formula of [Ru(η6-p-cymene)Cl(L)] have been obtained in moderate to excellent yields conveniently. These air- and moisture-stable ruthenium complexes exhibited excellent catalytic activity in cyanosilylether synthesis under mild reaction conditions. Under the catalysis of ruthenium, various cyanosilylethers with different substituents were obtained through a one-pot reaction of trimethylsilyl cyanide with carbonyl substrates, with good to excellent yields. Excellent catalytic efficiency, a wide substrate range, and mild reaction conditions made this type of ruthenium catalyst have potential for industrial application. All of the half-sandwich ruthenium complexes have been well described by infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and EA analysis. Molecular structures of ruthenium complexes 1 and 4 were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Heng Li
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Lin Yang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Zhen-Jiang Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Zi-Jian Yao
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
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3
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Smedley CJ, Homer JA, Gialelis TL, Barrow AS, Koelln RA, Moses JE. Accelerated SuFEx Click Chemistry For Modular Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202112375. [PMID: 34755436 PMCID: PMC8867595 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
SuFEx click chemistry is a powerful method designed for the selective, rapid, and modular synthesis of functional molecules. Classical SuFEx reactions form stable S-O linkages upon exchange of S-F bonds with aryl silyl-ether substrates, and while near-perfect in their outcome, are sometimes disadvantaged by relatively high catalyst loadings and prolonged reaction times. We herein report the development of accelerated SuFEx click chemistry (ASCC), an improved SuFEx method for the efficient and catalytic coupling of aryl and alkyl alcohols with a range of SuFExable hubs. We demonstrate Barton's hindered guanidine base (2-tert-butyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine; BTMG) as a superb SuFEx catalyst that, when used in synergy with silicon additive hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS), yields stable S-O bond linkages in a single step; often within minutes. The powerful combination of BTMG and HMDS reagents allows for catalyst loadings as low as 1.0 mol % and, in congruence with click-principles, provides a scalable method that is safe, efficient, and practical for modular synthesis. ASSC expands the number of accessible SuFEx products and will find significant application in organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry, chemical biology, and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua A. Homer
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | | | - Andrew S. Barrow
- L. I. M. S., Science Dr, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Rebecca A. Koelln
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - John E. Moses
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA,
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4
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Smedley CJ, Homer JA, Gialelis TL, Barrow AS, Koelln RA, Moses JE. Accelerated SuFEx Click Chemistry For Modular Synthesis**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua A. Homer
- Cancer Center Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1 Bungtown Road Cold Spring Harbor NY 11724 USA
| | | | | | - Rebecca A. Koelln
- Cancer Center Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1 Bungtown Road Cold Spring Harbor NY 11724 USA
| | - John E. Moses
- Cancer Center Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1 Bungtown Road Cold Spring Harbor NY 11724 USA
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5
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Ma Z, Aliyeva VA, Tagiev DB, Zubkov FI, Guseinov FI, Mahmudov KT, Pombeiro AJ. Multinuclear Zn(II)-arylhydrazone complexes as catalysts for cyanosilylation of aldehydes. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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6
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Wu WB, Zeng XP, Zhou J. Carbonyl-Stabilized Phosphorus Ylide as an Organocatalyst for Cyanosilylation Reactions Using TMSCN. J Org Chem 2020; 85:14342-14350. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Biao Wu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Ping Zeng
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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7
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Liu Y, Zhang D, Ma Y, Li J, Bai Y, Peng J. The Hydrosilylation and Cyanosilylation of Ketones Catalyzed using Metal Borohydrides. Curr Org Synth 2020; 16:276-282. [PMID: 31975676 DOI: 10.2174/1570179415666181114111939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE The hydrosilylation reaction of carbonyl compounds has emerged as a powerful method in organic synthesis. The catalytic hydrosilylation of ketones is a valuable transformation because it generates protected cyanosilylation reaction of carbonyl compounds is an efficient procedure for the synthesis of silylated cyanohydrins, which are readily converted into useful functionalized compounds, such as cyanohydrins, α-hydroxy acids, β-amino alcohols and other biologically active compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS A facile, economic and efficient method has been developed for the hydrosilylation and cyanosilylation of ketones using metal borohydrides. A series of silylated ethers and silylated cyanohydrins can be isolated via direct distillation. RESULTS The catalytic properties of a range of metal borohydrides in the hydrosilylation reaction of acetophenone with diphenylsilane were investigated. The relative catalytic activity of the borohydride catalyst studied was as follows: (CH3)4NBH4> (PhCH2)(CH3)3NBH4> (CH2CH3)4NBH4> (CH3CH2CH2CH3)4NBH4> NaBH4> KBH4> LiBH4. The cyanosilylation of acetophenone using trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN) in the presence of NaBH4 occurred under similar reaction conditions. An excellent reaction rate and high conversion were obtained. CONCLUSION The metal borohydride-catalyzed hydrosilylation alcohols in one step. The and cyanosilylation of ketones could be carried out smoothly under mild reaction conditions. Among the metal borohydrides studied, an excellent reaction rate and high conversion were obtained using NaBH4, NaBH (CH2CH3)3 or (alkyl)4 NBH4 as the reaction catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Duodong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yangyang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jiayun Li
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Ying Bai
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jiajian Peng
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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8
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9
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Mohammadi O, Golestanzadeh M, Abdouss M. Metal‐Free and Ultrasound‐Assisted C–C and O‐Si (O‐Protected) Bond Formation in Cyanosilylation of Aldehydes with TMSCN Catalyzed by Functionalized Graphene Oxide Derivatives. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ozra Mohammadi
- Department of ChemistryAmirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic) 158754413, Tehran Iran
| | - Mohsen Golestanzadeh
- Department of ChemistryAmirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic) 158754413, Tehran Iran
- Department of Organic ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of Kashan 8731551167, Kashan Iran
- Child Growth and Development Research CenterResearch Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable DiseaseIsfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461 I. R. Iran
| | - Majid Abdouss
- Department of ChemistryAmirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic) 158754413, Tehran Iran
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10
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Cyanosilylation of aldehydes catalyzed by lanthanide derivatives comprising arylhydrazones of β-diketones. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Gurbanov AV, Maharramov AM, Zubkov FI, Saifutdinov AM, Guseinov FI. Cyanosilylation of Aldehydes Catalyzed by Iron(III) Arylhydrazone-β-Diketone Complexes. Aust J Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/ch17595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Two known iron(iii) complexes, [Fe(H2O)3(L1)]·xH2O (x = 4 (1), 5 (2)) and [Fe(H2O)3(L2)]·3H2O (3), bearing the basic forms of 5-chloro-3-(2-(4,4-dimethyl-2,6-dioxocyclohexylidene)hydrazinyl)-2-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid (H3L1) and 3-(2-(2,4-dioxopentan-3-ylidene)hydrazinyl)-2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid (H3L2), were prepared and used as homogeneous catalysts for cyanosilylation of a variety of aldehydes with trimethylsilyl cyanide leading to the corresponding cyanohydrin trimethylsilyl ethers. High yield (up to 98 %) was observed in the reaction catalyzed by 3 at room temperature in methanol.
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12
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Gurbanov AV, Huseynov FE, Maharramov AM, Guedes da Silva MFC, Pombeiro AJ. Cyanosilylation of aldehydes catalyzed by arylhydrazone di- and triorganotin(IV) complexes. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Yadav GD, Deepa, Singh S. 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane Trifluoroacetate: A Highly Efficient Organocatalyst for the Cyanosilylation of Carbonyl Compounds under Solvent Free Condition. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Devi Yadav
- Department of Chemistry; University of Delhi; Delhi 110007 India
| | - Deepa
- Department of Chemistry; University of Delhi; Delhi 110007 India
| | - Surendra Singh
- Department of Chemistry; University of Delhi; Delhi 110007 India
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14
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Effective cyanosilylation of aldehydes with copper(II)-based polymeric catalysts. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2016.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Matsukawa
- Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - J. Kimura
- Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan
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16
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Tahir S, Badshah A, Hussain RA. Guanidines from ‘toxic substances’ to compounds with multiple biological applications – Detailed outlook on synthetic procedures employed for the synthesis of guanidines. Bioorg Chem 2015; 59:39-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Wang F, Wei Y, Wang S, Zhu X, Zhou S, Yang G, Gu X, Zhang G, Mu X. Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity of Lanthanide Amides Incorporating Neutral Pyrrole Ligand. Isolation and Characterization of Active Catalyst for Cyanosilylation of Ketones. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500924q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fenhua Wang
- Laboratory
of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory
of Molecule-Based Materials, Institute of Organic Chemistry, School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. China
- College
of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. China
| | - Yun Wei
- Laboratory
of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory
of Molecule-Based Materials, Institute of Organic Chemistry, School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. China
| | - Shaowu Wang
- Laboratory
of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory
of Molecule-Based Materials, Institute of Organic Chemistry, School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of
Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Xiancui Zhu
- Laboratory
of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory
of Molecule-Based Materials, Institute of Organic Chemistry, School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. China
| | - Shuangliu Zhou
- Laboratory
of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory
of Molecule-Based Materials, Institute of Organic Chemistry, School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. China
| | - Gaosheng Yang
- Laboratory
of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory
of Molecule-Based Materials, Institute of Organic Chemistry, School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Gu
- Laboratory
of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory
of Molecule-Based Materials, Institute of Organic Chemistry, School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. China
| | - Guangchao Zhang
- Laboratory
of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory
of Molecule-Based Materials, Institute of Organic Chemistry, School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Mu
- Laboratory
of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory
of Molecule-Based Materials, Institute of Organic Chemistry, School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. China
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18
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North M, Urwin S. Kinetics and mechanism of base catalysed ethyl cyanoformate addition to aldehydes. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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Klein JEMN, Rommel S, Plietker B. Fe-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Activation of C–Si versus Allylic C–O Bonds: Catalytic Trifluoromethylation of Carbonyl Groups versus Tandem Trifluormethylation–Allylation of Olefins. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om5005012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes E. M. N. Klein
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring
55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Susanne Rommel
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring
55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bernd Plietker
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring
55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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20
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Atashkar B, Rostami A, Tahmasbi B. Magnetic nanoparticle-supported guanidine as a highly recyclable and efficient nanocatalyst for the cyanosilylation of carbonyl compounds. Catal Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cy00190c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Wen Y, Liang M, Wang Y, Ren W, Lü X. Perfectly Green Organocatalysis: Quaternary Ammonium Base Triggered Cyanosilylation of Aldehydes. CHINESE J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201200598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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North M, Omedes-Pujol M, Young C. Kinetics and mechanism of the racemic addition of trimethylsilyl cyanide to aldehydes catalysed by Lewis bases. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:4289-98. [PMID: 22544042 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25188d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism by which four Lewis bases, triethylamine, tetrabutylammonium thiocyanate, tetrabutylammonium azide and tetrabutylammonium cyanide, catalyse the addition of trimethylsilyl cyanide to aldehydes is studied by a combination of kinetic and spectroscopic methods. The reactions can exhibit first or second order kinetics corresponding to three different reaction mechanisms. Spectroscopic evidence for the formation of hypervalent silicon species is obtained for reaction between all of the tetrabutylammonium salts and trimethylsilyl cyanide. The reactions are accelerated by the presence of water in the reaction mixture, an effect which is due to a change in the reaction mechanism from Lewis to Brønsted base catalysis. Tetrabutylammonium thiocyanate is shown to be an excellent catalyst for the synthesis of cyanohydrin trimethylsilyl ethers on a preparative scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael North
- School of Chemistry and University Research Centre in Catalysis and Intensified Processing, Bedson Building, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK NE1 7RU.
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23
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24
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Matsukawa S, Fujikawa S. Polystyrene-supported TBD as an efficient and reusable organocatalyst for cyanosilylation of aldehydes, ketones, and imines. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.12.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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25
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Dekamin MG, Karimi Z, Farahmand M. Tetraethylammonium 2-(N-hydroxycarbamoyl)benzoate: a powerful bifunctional metal-free catalyst for efficient and rapid cyanosilylation of carbonyl compounds under mild conditions. Catal Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cy20037f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Lacour MA, Rahier NJ, Taillefer M. Mild and efficient trimethylsilylcyanation of ketones catalysed by PNP chloride. Chemistry 2011; 17:12276-9. [PMID: 21922572 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Agnès Lacour
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier ENSCM, 8 rue de l'Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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27
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Fu X, Tan CH. Mechanistic considerations of guanidine-catalyzed reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:8210-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc03691a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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28
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Yanagisawa A, Matsumoto T, Kushihara N, Yoshida K. Dibutyltin Dimethoxide-Catalyzed Cyano Transfer to Aldehydes and Imines. Adv Synth Catal 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201000409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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29
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Wang X, Fang F, Tian S. Combined use of an alkene and a phosphine as a nucleophilic catalyst system for the cyanosilylation of carbonyl compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-010-4029-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Dekamin MG, Alizadeh R, Reza Naimi-Jamal M. Organocatalytic synthesis of cyanohydrin trimethylsilyl ethers by potassium 4-benzylpiperidinedithiocarbamate under solvent-free conditions. Appl Organomet Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.1600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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31
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Hart R, Pollet P, Hahne DJ, John E, Llopis-Mestre V, Blasucci V, Huttenhower H, Leitner W, Eckert CA, Liotta CL. Benign coupling of reactions and separations with reversible ionic liquids. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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32
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Gawronski J, Wascinska N, Gajewy J. Recent progress in Lewis base activation and control of stereoselectivity in the additions of trimethylsilyl nucleophiles. Chem Rev 2009; 108:5227-52. [PMID: 18850749 DOI: 10.1021/cr800421c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Gawronski
- Department of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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Dekamin MG, Sagheb-Asl S, Reza Naimi-Jamal M. An expeditious synthesis of cyanohydrin trimethylsilyl ethers using tetraethylammonium 2-(carbamoyl)benzoate as a bifunctional organocatalyst. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Activation of trimethylsilyl cyanide by potassium phthalimide for facile synthesis of TMS-protected cyanohydrins. J Organomet Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2009.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kadam ST, Kim SS. Metal and solvent-free cyanosilylation of carbonyl compounds with tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane. Appl Organomet Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.1479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Wang J, Masui Y, Watanabe K, Onaka M. Highly Efficient Cyanosilylation of Sterically Bulky Ketones Catalyzed by Tin Ion-Exchanged Montmorillonite. Adv Synth Catal 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200800673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Phosphomolybdic Acid Supported on Silica Gel as an Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for Cyanosilylation of Aldehydes. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2008. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2008.29.7.1320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Dekamin MG, Farahmand M, Reza Naimi-Jamal M, Javanshir S. Synthesis of cyanohydrin trimethylsilyl ethers catalyzed by potassium p-toluenesulfinate. CATAL COMMUN 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2007.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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N-Iodosuccinimide (NIS) a novel and effective catalyst for the cyanosilylation of aldehydes under mild reaction conditions. CATAL COMMUN 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2007.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Dekamin MG, Javanshir S, Reza Naimi-Jamal M, Hekmatshoar R, Mokhtari J. Potassium phthalimide-N-oxyl: An efficient catalyst for cyanosilylation of carbonyl compounds under mild conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2007.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Procopio A, Das G, Nardi M, Oliverio M, Pasqua L. A mesoporous ErIII-MCM-41 catalyst for the cyanosilylation of aldehydes and ketones under solvent-free conditions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2008; 1:916-919. [PMID: 18980238 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.200800183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Procopio
- Università degli Studi della Magna Graecia, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, Italy.
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Iwanami K, Choi JC, Lu B, Sakakura T, Yasuda H. Remarkable acceleration of cyanosilylation by the mesoporous Al-MCM-41 catalyst. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:1002-4. [DOI: 10.1039/b718462j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Berlinck RGS, Burtoloso ACB, Kossuga MH. The chemistry and biology of organic guanidine derivatives. Nat Prod Rep 2008; 25:919-54. [DOI: 10.1039/b507874c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Fe(Cp)2PF6: An efficient catalyst for cyanosilylation of carbonyl compounds under solvent free condition. J Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2007.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Salama TA, Elmorsy SS, Khalil AM, Girges MM, El‐Ahl AS. Novel Uncatalyzed Hydrocyanation of Ketones utlizing Tetrachlorosilane–Potassium Cyanide Reagent. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910701226897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tarek A. Salama
- a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Mansoura University , Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Saad S. Elmorsy
- a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Mansoura University , Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Abdel‐Galel M. Khalil
- a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Mansoura University , Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Margret M. Girges
- a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Mansoura University , Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Abdel‐Aziz S. El‐Ahl
- a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Mansoura University , Mansoura, Egypt
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47
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Prakash GKS, Vaghoo H, Panja C, Surampudi V, Kultyshev R, Mathew T, Olah GA. Effect of carbonates/phosphates as nucleophilic catalysts in dimethylformamide for efficient cyanosilylation of aldehydes and ketones. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:3026-30. [PMID: 17360603 PMCID: PMC1805593 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0611309104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanosilylation of aldehydes and aliphatic ketones can be carried out in dimethylformamide even without the use of any catalyst. In the presence of nucleophilic catalysts such as carbonate and phosphate salts, the reaction rate is significantly enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. K. Surya Prakash
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, University Park, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1661
| | - Habiba Vaghoo
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, University Park, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1661
| | - Chiradeep Panja
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, University Park, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1661
| | - Vijayalakshmi Surampudi
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, University Park, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1661
| | - Roman Kultyshev
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, University Park, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1661
| | - Thomas Mathew
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, University Park, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1661
| | - George A. Olah
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, University Park, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1661
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Kim SS, Rajagopal G, George SC. Solvent-free cyanosilylation of ketones with (CH3)3SiCN (TMSCN) catalyzed by NbF5. Appl Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.1204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Rajagopal G, Kim SS, George SC. Aluminum phthalocyanine: an active and simple catalyst for cyanosilylation of aldehydes. Appl Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.1189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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