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Bajada MA, Sanjosé-Orduna J, Di Liberto G, Tosoni S, Pacchioni G, Noël T, Vilé G. Interfacing single-atom catalysis with continuous-flow organic electrosynthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:3898-3925. [PMID: 35481480 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00100d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The global warming crisis has sparked a series of environmentally cautious trends in chemistry, allowing us to rethink the way we conduct our synthesis, and to incorporate more earth-abundant materials in our catalyst design. "Single-atom catalysis" has recently appeared on the catalytic spectrum, and has truly merged the benefits that homogeneous and heterogeneous analogues have to offer. Further still, the possibility to activate these catalysts by means of a suitable electric potential could pave the way for a true integration of diverse synthetic methodologies and renewable electricity. Despite their esteemed benefits, single-atom electrocatalysts are still limited to the energy sector (hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction, etc.) and numerous examples in the literature still invoke the use of precious metals (Pd, Pt, Ir, etc.). Additionally, batch electroreactors are employed, which limit the intensification of such processes. It is of paramount importance that the field continues to grow in a more sustainable direction, seeking new ventures into the space of organic electrosynthesis and flow electroreactor technologies. In this piece, we discuss some of the progress being made with earth abundant homogeneous and heterogeneous electrocatalysts and flow electrochemistry, within the context of organic electrosynthesis, and highlight the prospects of alternatively utilizing single-atom catalysts for such applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Bajada
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Jesús Sanjosé-Orduna
- Flow Chemistry Group, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Di Liberto
- Department of Materials Science, Università di Milano Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Sergio Tosoni
- Department of Materials Science, Università di Milano Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pacchioni
- Department of Materials Science, Università di Milano Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Timothy Noël
- Flow Chemistry Group, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gianvito Vilé
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Absalan Y, Shad NN, Gholizadeh M, Mahmoudi G, Sarvestani HS, Strashnov P, Ghandi K, Kovalchukova O. Schiff bases-titanium (III) & (IV) complex compounds: Novel photocatalysts in Buchwald-Hartwig C–N cross-coupling reaction. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Heravi MM, Kheilkordi Z, Zadsirjan V, Heydari M, Malmir M. Buchwald-Hartwig reaction: An overview. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Suárez-Meneses JV, Bonilla-Reyes E, Blé-González EA, Ortega-Alfaro MC, Toscano RA, Cordero-Vargas A, López-Cortés JG. Synthesis of [N,P] ligands based on pyrrole. Application to the total synthesis of arnottin I. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Schranck J, Wu XF, Neumann H, Beller M. Palladium-catalyzed carbonylative Heck reaction of aryl bromides with vinyl ethers to 3-alkoxy alkenones and pyrazoles. Chemistry 2012; 18:4827-31. [PMID: 22422673 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Three COming together: The first carbonylative Heck coupling reaction of aryl bromides and vinyl ethers leading to 1-aryl-3-alkoxy-2-propen-1-ones has been established (see scheme). Based on this coupling methodology, a novel one-pot synthesis of aryl-substituted pyrazoles was also realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Schranck
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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Gowrisankar S, Neumann H, Beller M. A Convenient and Practical Synthesis of Anisoles and Deuterated Anisoles by Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling Reactions of Aryl Bromides and Chlorides. Chemistry 2012; 18:2498-502. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Palladium-Catalyzed sp2 C–N Bond Forming Reactions: Recent Developments and Applications. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2012_56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Dumrath A, Lübbe C, Neumann H, Jackstell R, Beller M. Recyclable catalysts for palladium-catalyzed aminations of aryl halides. Chemistry 2011; 17:9599-604. [PMID: 21805512 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Dumrath
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse eV an der Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Haberberger M, Irran E, Enthaler S. Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Application of Iron Complexes Modified by Monodentate Phosphane Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201100233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Cacchi S, Fabrizi G. Update 1 of: Synthesis and Functionalization of Indoles Through Palladium-Catalyzed Reactions. Chem Rev 2011; 111:PR215-83. [PMID: 21557620 DOI: 10.1021/cr100403z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 604] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Cacchi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Technologie del Farmaco,
Sapienza, Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
- This is a Chemical Reviews Perennial Review. The root paper of this title was
published in Chem. Rev.2005, 105 (7), 2873−2920, DOI: 10.1021/cr040639b; Published
(Web) July 13, 2005. Updates to the text appear in red type
| | - Giancarlo Fabrizi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Technologie del Farmaco,
Sapienza, Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
- This is a Chemical Reviews Perennial Review. The root paper of this title was
published in Chem. Rev.2005, 105 (7), 2873−2920, DOI: 10.1021/cr040639b; Published
(Web) July 13, 2005. Updates to the text appear in red type
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Surry DS, Buchwald SL. Dialkylbiaryl Phosphines in Pd-Catalyzed Amination: A User's Guide. Chem Sci 2011; 2:27-50. [PMID: 22432049 PMCID: PMC3306613 DOI: 10.1039/c0sc00331j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1195] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dialkylbiaryl phosphines are a valuable class of ligand for Pd-catalyzed amination reactions and have been applied in a range of contexts. This review attempts to aid the reader in the selection of the best choice of reaction conditions and ligand of this class for the most commonly encountered and practically important substrate combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S. Surry
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Fax: +1-617-253-3297; Tel: +1-617-253-1885
| | - Stephen L. Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Fax: +1-617-253-3297; Tel: +1-617-253-1885
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Gruit M, Michalik D, Krüger K, Spannenberg A, Tillack A, Pews-Davtyan A, Beller M. Synthesis of pyrroloazepinones: platinum- and gold-catalyzed cyclization reactions of alkynes. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.02.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Gruit M, Michalik D, Tillack A, Beller M. Platinum-Catalyzed Intramolecular Cyclizations of Alkynes: Efficient Synthesis of Pyrroloazepinone Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:7212-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200902937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Gruit M, Michalik D, Tillack A, Beller M. Platinum-Catalyzed Intramolecular Cyclizations of Alkynes: Efficient Synthesis of Pyrroloazepinone Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200902937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Schulz T, Torborg C, Enthaler S, Schäffner B, Dumrath A, Spannenberg A, Neumann H, Börner A, Beller M. A General Palladium-Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Halides with Ammonia. Chemistry 2009; 15:4528-33. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200802678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Schareina T, Jackstell R, Schulz T, Zapf A, Cotté A, Gotta M, Beller M. Increasing the Scope of Palladium-Catalyzed Cyanations of Aryl Chlorides. Adv Synth Catal 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200800733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Chapter 5.2: Five-membered ring systems: pyrroles and benzo analogs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(09)70010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Brennführer A, Neumann H, Pews-Davtyan A, Beller M. Catalytic and Stoichiometric Synthesis of Novel 3-Aminocarbonyl-, 3-Alkoxycarbonyl-, and 3-Amino-4-indolylmaleimides. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Schwarz N, Pews-Davtyan A, Michalik D, Tillack A, Krüger K, Torrens A, Diaz JL, Beller M. Palladium-Catalyzed Amination and Sulfonylation of 5-Bromo-3-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]indoles to Potential 5-HT6Receptor Ligands. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Surry D, Buchwald S. Biarylphosphanliganden in der palladiumkatalysierten Aminierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200800497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 500] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Pews-Davtyan A, Tillack A, Ortinau S, Rolfs A, Beller M. Efficient palladium-catalyzed synthesis of 3-aryl-4-indolylmaleimides. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:992-7. [PMID: 18327323 DOI: 10.1039/b719160j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Improved palladium catalysts for the Suzuki coupling of 3-bromo-1-methyl-4-(2-methyl-3-indolyl)maleimide have been developed. The coupling of both aryl- and heteroarylboronic acids proceeds smoothly in good to excellent yields at low catalyst loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahit Pews-Davtyan
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
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Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed amination reactions of aryl halides have undergone rapid development in the last 12 years, largely driven by the implementation of new classes of ligands. Biaryl phosphanes have proven to provide especially active catalysts in this context. This Review discusses the application of these catalysts in C-N cross-coupling reactions in the synthesis of heterocycles and pharmaceuticals, in materials science, and in natural product synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Surry
- Department of Chemistry, Room 18-490, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Kaiser HM, Zenz I, Lo WF, Spannenberg A, Schröder K, Jiao H, Gördes D, Beller M, Tse MK. Preparation of Novel Unsymmetrical Bisindoles under Solvent-Free Conditions: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Mechanistic Aspects. J Org Chem 2007; 72:8847-58. [DOI: 10.1021/jo7016026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanns Martin Kaiser
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strsse 29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany, and Universität Rostock, Center for Life Science Automation (CELISCA), Friedrich-Barnewitz-Strasse 8, D-18119 Rostock-Warnemünde, Germany
| | - Ivo Zenz
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strsse 29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany, and Universität Rostock, Center for Life Science Automation (CELISCA), Friedrich-Barnewitz-Strasse 8, D-18119 Rostock-Warnemünde, Germany
| | - Wei Fun Lo
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strsse 29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany, and Universität Rostock, Center for Life Science Automation (CELISCA), Friedrich-Barnewitz-Strasse 8, D-18119 Rostock-Warnemünde, Germany
| | - Anke Spannenberg
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strsse 29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany, and Universität Rostock, Center for Life Science Automation (CELISCA), Friedrich-Barnewitz-Strasse 8, D-18119 Rostock-Warnemünde, Germany
| | - Kristin Schröder
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strsse 29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany, and Universität Rostock, Center for Life Science Automation (CELISCA), Friedrich-Barnewitz-Strasse 8, D-18119 Rostock-Warnemünde, Germany
| | - Haijun Jiao
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strsse 29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany, and Universität Rostock, Center for Life Science Automation (CELISCA), Friedrich-Barnewitz-Strasse 8, D-18119 Rostock-Warnemünde, Germany
| | - Dirk Gördes
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strsse 29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany, and Universität Rostock, Center for Life Science Automation (CELISCA), Friedrich-Barnewitz-Strasse 8, D-18119 Rostock-Warnemünde, Germany
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strsse 29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany, and Universität Rostock, Center for Life Science Automation (CELISCA), Friedrich-Barnewitz-Strasse 8, D-18119 Rostock-Warnemünde, Germany
| | - Man Kin Tse
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strsse 29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany, and Universität Rostock, Center for Life Science Automation (CELISCA), Friedrich-Barnewitz-Strasse 8, D-18119 Rostock-Warnemünde, Germany
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Kar A, Sayyed IA, Lo WF, Kaiser HM, Beller M, Tse MK. A general copper-catalyzed sulfonylation of arylboronic acids. Org Lett 2007; 9:3405-8. [PMID: 17655315 DOI: 10.1021/ol071396n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A general copper-catalyzed method for the sulfonylation of arylboronic acids with sulfinate salts is described. A variety of alkyl-aryl, diaryl, and alkyl-heteroaryl sulfones were synthesized in good yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Kar
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
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