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Rezayati S, Naserifar Z, Ramazani A. Two-step synthesized sulfonic acid functionalized imidazolium thiocyanate solid acid catalyst for thiocyanation of various electron rich arenes by metal-free method in water. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2022.2052879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sobhan Rezayati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Zahra Naserifar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Ramazani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Modern Biological Techniques (RIMBT), University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
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Malviya J, Singh RKP. A Green Approach for Electrochemical Thiocyanation of Nitrogen Heterocycles with KSCN at Platinum Electrode. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193520120137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Rezayati S, Kalantari F, Ramazani A, Ezzatzadeh E. Isoquinolinium-N-sulfonic acid thiocyanate/H2O2 as efficient reagent for thiocyanation of N-bearing (hetero)aromatic compounds. J Sulphur Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2021.1929230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sobhan Rezayati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kalantari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran
| | - Ali Ramazani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Modern Biological Techniques (RIMBT), University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Elham Ezzatzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
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Liu Y, Chen D, Cheng C, Guan W, Luo Y, Zhang J, Deng W, Xiang J. Aniline-initiated and BrØnsted acid-catalyzed one-pot reaction toward 2-aryl-3-sulfenylindoles by using α-aminocarbonyl compounds and primary amines with RSSR. CATAL COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2020.106217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Divyavani C, Padmaja P, Ugale VG, Reddy PN. A Review on Thiocyanation of Indoles. Curr Org Synth 2020; 18:233-247. [PMID: 33272188 DOI: 10.2174/1570179417999201203211855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The thiocyanation of indoles is a direct way for carbon-sulfur bond formation to access 3-thiocyanato-indoles. 3-thiocyanato-indoles exhibit potent biological and pharmacological activities and also serve as building blocks to synthesize many biologically active sulfur-containing indole derivatives. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to highlight different approaches for the thiocyanation of indoles focusing on its scope and mechanism. CONCLUSION In this review, we have summarized various methods for the thiocyanation of indoles. Selection of new methods for the preparation of 3-thiocyanato-indoles will be done. The mechanistic aspects and significance of the methods are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitteti Divyavani
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Padmavathi Women's Degree & PG College, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Pannala Padmaja
- Fluoro & Agrochemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vinod G Ugale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur- 425405, Maharashtra, India
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Rezayati S, Ramazani A. A review on electrophilic thiocyanation of aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Nikoofar K, Gorji S. Oxidant-free thiocyanation of phenols and carbonyl compounds under solvent-free conditions by AlCl3/NH4SCN. J Sulphur Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2015.1091888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kobra Nikoofar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samareh Gorji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
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Zimmermann EG, Thurow S, Freitas CS, Mendes SR, Perin G, Alves D, Jacob RG, Lenardão EJ. A selenium-based ionic liquid as a recyclable solvent for the catalyst-free synthesis of 3-selenylindoles. Molecules 2013; 18:4081-90. [PMID: 23563858 PMCID: PMC6269994 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18044081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methylselenite, [bmim][SeO2(OCH3)], was successfully used as solvent in the catalyst-free preparation of 3-arylselenylindoles by the reaction of indole with ArSeCl at room temperature. The products were obtained selectively in good yields without the need of any additive and the solvent was easily reused for several cycles with good results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everton G. Zimmermann
- LASOL – CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas — UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Samuel Thurow
- LASOL – CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas — UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Camilo S. Freitas
- LASOL – CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas — UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Samuel R. Mendes
- GAPAM, Departamento de Química, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 89219-719, Joinville, SC, Brazil
| | - Gelson Perin
- LASOL – CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas — UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (G.P.); (E.J.L.); Tel.: +55-53-3275-7357 (E.J.L.); Fax: +55-53-3275-7533 (E.J.L.)
| | - Diego Alves
- LASOL – CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas — UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Raquel G. Jacob
- LASOL – CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas — UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eder J. Lenardão
- LASOL – CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas — UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (G.P.); (E.J.L.); Tel.: +55-53-3275-7357 (E.J.L.); Fax: +55-53-3275-7533 (E.J.L.)
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Adinolfi M, d'Ischia M, Iadonisi A, Leone L, Pezzella A, Valerio S. Glycosylated Eumelanin Building Blocks by Thioglycosylation of 5,6-Diacetoxyindole with an Expedient Selenium-Based Dynamic-Mixture Methodology. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Hu CJ, Zhang XH, Ding QP, Lv T, Ge SP, Zhong P. ‘Ligand-free’ palladium-catalyzed direct C–H bond oxidative acyloxylation of 2-arylpyridines with aromatic carboxylic acids. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Du HA, Tang RY, Deng CL, Liu Y, Li JH, Zhang XG. Iron-Facilitated Iodine-Mediated Electrophilic Annulation of N,N-Dimethyl-2-alkynylanilines with Disulfides or Diselenides. Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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d'Ischia M, Napolitano A, Pezzella A. 5,6‐Dihydroxyindole Chemistry: Unexplored Opportunities Beyond Eumelanin. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco d'Ischia
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Napolitano
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pezzella
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
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Capelli L, Crescenzi O, Manini P, Pezzella A, Barone V, d’Ischia M. π-Electron Manipulation of the 5,6-Dihydroxyindole/Quinone System by 3-Alkynylation: Mild Acid-Mediated Entry to (Cross)-Conjugated Scaffolds and Paradigms for Medium-Tunable Chromophores. J Org Chem 2011; 76:4457-66. [DOI: 10.1021/jo200232t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Vincenzo Barone
- Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
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Pezzella A, Iadonisi A, Valerio S, Panzella L, Napolitano A, Adinolfi M, d'Ischia M. Disentangling eumelanin "black chromophore": visible absorption changes as signatures of oxidation state- and aggregation-dependent dynamic interactions in a model water-soluble 5,6-dihydroxyindole polymer. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 131:15270-5. [PMID: 19919162 DOI: 10.1021/ja905162s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental unsettled issue concerning eumelanins, the functional biopolymers of human skin and hair, is why they are black. The experimental difficulty lies in the virtual insolubility of these pigments, causing marked scattering effects and hindering characterization of the intrinsic absorption properties of the heterogeneous species produced by oxidative polymerization of 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI) and related monomer precursors. The synthesis of spectrally robust, water-soluble DHI polymers is therefore an important goal in the prospects of disentangling intrinsic absorption properties of eumelanin components by circumventing scattering effects. Reported herein is the first water-soluble DHI polymer produced by oxidation of ad hoc designed 5,6-dihydroxy-3-indolyl-1-thio-beta-D-galactopyranoside (1). The dark brown polymer exhibited a distinct band at 314 nm and a broad visible absorption, resembling that of natural eumelanins. Main isolable oligomer intermediates including 2,7'- and 2,4'-biindolyls 2 and 3, attest the close resemblance to the mode of coupling of the parent DHI. Sodium borohydride reduction caused decoloration and a marked absorbance decrease in the visible region around 550 nm, but did not affect the UV band at 314 nm. Measurements of absorbance variations with dilution indicated a linear response at 314 nm, but a significant deviation from linearity in the visible region, with the largest decrease around 500 nm. It is argued that eumelanin black color is not only intrinsically defined by the overlap of pi-electron conjugated chromophores within the individual polymer components, as commonly believed, but also by oxidation state- and aggregation-dependent interchromophoric interactions causing perturbations of the heterogeneous ensemble of pi-electron systems and overall spectral broadening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Pezzella
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Naples Federico II Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
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Direct oxidative cyclization of 3-arylpropionic acids using PIFA or Oxone: synthesis of 3,4-dihydrocoumarins. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.10.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Chen Y, Cho CH, Shi F, Larock RC. Synthesis of 3-sulfenyl- and 3-selenylindoles by the Pd/Cu-catalyzed coupling of N,N-dialkyl-2-iodoanilines and terminal alkynes, followed by n-Bu(4)NI-induced electrophilic cyclization. J Org Chem 2009; 74:6802-11. [PMID: 19663396 DOI: 10.1021/jo9014003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
3-Sulfenyl- and 3-selenylindoles are readily synthesized by a two-step process involving the palladium/copper-catalyzed crossing coupling of N,N-dialkyl-ortho-iodoanilines and terminal alkynes and subsequent electrophilic cyclization of the resulting N,N-dialkyl-ortho-(1-alkynyl)anilines with arylsulfenyl chlorides or arylselenyl chlorides. The presence of a stoichiometric amount of n-Bu(4)NI is crucial to the success of the electrophilic cyclization. A variety of 3-sulfenyl- and 3-selenylindole derivatives bearing alkyl, vinylic, aryl, and heteroaryl substituents have been prepared in good to excellent yields (up to 99%). By employing N,N-dibenzyl-ortho-iodoanilines, a 3-sulfenyl-N-H-indole has been successfully prepared. In addition, 3-sulfonyl- and 3-sulfinylindoles have also been successfully prepared by facile oxidation of the corresponding 3-sulfenylindoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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Palladium-Catalyzed Annulation of 2-(1-Alkynyl)benzenamines with Disulfides: Synthesis of 3-Sulfenylindoles. Adv Synth Catal 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200900055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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d'Ischia M, Napolitano A, Pezzella A, Meredith P, Sarna T. Chemische und strukturelle Vielfalt der Eumelanine - ein kaum erforschtes optoelektronisches Biopolymer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200803786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Chen Y, Cho CH, Larock RC. A novel synthetic route to 3-sulfenyl- and 3-selenylindoles by n-Bu4NI-induced electrophilic cyclization. Org Lett 2009; 11:173-6. [PMID: 19046068 DOI: 10.1021/ol8021287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
3-Sulfenyl- and 3-selenylindoles are prepared in excellent yields by the palladium/copper-catalyzed crossing coupling of N,N-dialkyl-o-iodoanilines and terminal alkynes, followed by electrophilic cyclization with arylsulfenyl chlorides and arylselenyl chlorides in the presence of a stoichiometric amount of n-Bu(4)NI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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d'Ischia M, Napolitano A, Pezzella A, Meredith P, Sarna T. Chemical and structural diversity in eumelanins: unexplored bio-optoelectronic materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:3914-21. [PMID: 19294706 PMCID: PMC2799031 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200803786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Eumelanins, the characteristic black, insoluble, and heterogeneous biopolymers of human skin, hair, and eyes, have intrigued and challenged generations of chemists, physicists, and biologists because of their unique structural and optoelectronic properties. Recently, the methods of organic chemistry have been combined with advanced spectroscopic and imaging techniques, theoretical calculations, and methods of condensed-matter physics to gradually force these materials to reveal their secrets. Herein we review the latest advances in the field with a view to showing how the emerging knowledge is not only helping to explain eumelanin functionality, but may also be translated into effective strategies for exploiting their properties to create a new class of biologically inspired high-tech materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco d'Ischia
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, I-80126, Naples, Italy.
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