Saucy-Marbet Rearrangements of Alkynyl Halides in the Synthesis of Highly Enantiomerically Enriched Allenyl Halides

Metal-Free Highly Regioselective 1,4-Sulfonyliodination of 1,3-Enynes

Herein, a novel, practical, and green synthetic method using readily available 1,3-enynes with sulfonyl hydrazides and I₂ through tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)-mediated 1,4-sulfonyliodination has been developed for synthesizing various tetrasubstituted allenyl iodides under metal-free conditions. Notably, the proposed method exhibits a broad substrate scope, operational simplicity, tolerance to air, high functional-group tolerance, satisfactory yields, and excellent regioselectivity as well as involves the use of cost-effective reagents such as green oxidants.

Copper-catalyzed radical approach to allenyl iodides

A copper-catalyzed 1,4-addition reaction of arylsulfonyl iodides with 1,3-enynes afforded various allenyl halides in high yields under mild conditions via a radical mechanism.

Enantioselective Synthesis of β-Allenoates via Phosphine-Catalyzed and ZnI2-Promoted Preparation of Oxazolidines and Propargylamines Using Chiral Amines, 1-Alkynes, and Propiolates

Diphenylphosphinoethane (DPPE)-catalyzed and ZnI₂-promoted in situ formation of oxazolidine, alkynyl zinc, and propargylamine intermediates from 1-alkynes, chiral (S)-diphenyl(pyrrolidin-2-yl)methanol, and propiolates gave the corresponding chiral (R)-β-allenoates in 40-72% yield with up to >99% ee. The intermediate propargylamine was isolated in 50% yield and converted to give the β-allenoate 10aa in 68% yield and 96% ee upon reaction with ZnI₂. The results are discussed considering a mechanism involving oxazolidine and iminium ions formed in situ followed by addition of alkynyl zinc complex to produce the propargylamine that gives the corresponding allenoate via a 1,5-hydrogen shift in the presence of ZnI₂.

Intermolecular bromoesterification of conjugated enynes: an efficient synthesis of bromoallenes

Highly functionalized bromoallenes were prepared by intermolecular 1,4-bromoesterification of conjugated enynes.

Copper(II)- and palladium(II)-catalyzed enantioselective Claisen rearrangement of allyloxy- and propargyloxy-indoles to quaternary oxindoles and spirocyclic lactones

In this Article, a strategy to obtain highly enantioselective catalysts for the Claisen rearrangement of allyloxy- and propargyloxy-indoles is outlined. Ultimately, copper BOX and palladium BINAP or PHOX catalysts were discovered as superior in catalyzing Claisen rearrangements of allyloxy- or proparyloxy-substituted indoles to generate oxindoles bearing allyl- or allenyl-substituted quaternary centers. This method proved to be tolerant of a broad range of functional groups. Tandem reactions of the silyl-allene products provide rapid access to a variety of spirocyclic oxindoles in one operation.

How easy are the syntheses of allenes?

This short review highlights some of the recent important developments on the synthesis of allenes and its applications on the synthesis of some allenic natural products and allenic-based optoelectronic materials.

Allylic and allenic halide synthesis via NbCl(5)- and NbBr(5)-mediated alkoxide rearrangements

Addition of NbCl(5) or NbBr(5) to a series of magnesium, lithium, or potassium allylic or propargylic alkoxides directly provides allylic or allenic halides. Halogenation formally occurs through a metalla-halo-[3,3] rearrangement, although concerted, ionic, and direct displacement mechanisms appear to operate competitively. Transposition of the olefin is equally effective for allylic alkoxides prepared by nucleophilic addition, deprotonation, or reduction. Experimentally, the niobium pentahalide halogenations are rapid, afford essentially pure (E)-allylic or -allenic halides after extraction, and are applicable to a range of aliphatic and aromatic alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones.

DABCO-catalyzed 1,4-bromolactonization of conjugated enynes: highly stereoselective formation of a stereogenic center and an axially chiral allene

A DABCO-catalyzed highly regio- and stereoselective syn-1,4-bromolactonization of conjugated enynes was discovered. The 1,4-addition occurred selectively over 1,2-addition for most enynes. In contrast to anti 1,2-addition to alkenes, where two adjacent stereogenic centers are created, 1,4-addition across conjugated enynes can produce a stereogenic center and an axially chiral allene simultaneously. Enynes with Z and E configurations yielded products with complementary stereochemistries at the newly generated stereogenic center and axially chiral allene. Di-, tri-, or even tetrasubstituted allenes together with lactones can be efficiently and selectively prepared from this enyne bromolactonization reaction.