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Sivaraj C, Ramkumar A, Sankaran N, Gandhi T. Transition-metal-catalyzed C-H bond activation/functionalization and annulation of phthalazinones. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:8165-8183. [PMID: 34524346 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01616d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Phthalazinones and their higher congeners are commonly prevalent structural motifs that occur in natural products, bioactive molecules, and pharmaceuticals. In the past few decades, transition-metal-catalyzed reactions have received an overwhelming response from organic chemists as challenging organics and heterocycles could be built with ease. Currently, the synthesis of phthalazinones largely depends on transition-metal catalysis, especially by palladium-catalyzed carbonylation. Further, the dominance of transition-metal catalysts was realized from the phthalazinones viewpoint, as nitrogen and oxygen atoms endowed upon them act as directing groups to facilitate diverse C-H activation/functionalization/annulation reactions. This highlight describes the various synthetic methods used to access phthalazinones and functionalize them by reacting with various coupling partners via chelation assistance strategy involving C(sp2)-H/N-H bond activation in the presence of transition-metal (Rh, Ru, Pd, and Ir) catalysts. The mechanisms of sulfonylation, halogenation, acylmethylation, alkylation, and annulation reactions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrasekaran Sivaraj
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Alagumalai Ramkumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Nagesh Sankaran
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Thirumanavelan Gandhi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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2
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Tolan HEM, Radwan MAA, Khalaf HS, El-Bayaa MN, Awad HM, El-Sayed WA. Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of New
1,4-Dithiazolyl-5-oxopyrrole Derivatives, Their 1,2,4-Triazoles and Nucleoside
Analogs. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363220080241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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3
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Wilson TC, Xavier MA, Knight J, Verhoog S, Torres JB, Mosley M, Hopkins SL, Wallington S, Allen PD, Kersemans V, Hueting R, Smart S, Gouverneur V, Cornelissen B. PET Imaging of PARP Expression Using 18F-Olaparib. J Nucl Med 2019; 60:504-510. [PMID: 30389822 PMCID: PMC6448459 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.213223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are increasingly being studied as cancer drugs, as single agents, or as a part of combination therapies. Imaging of PARP using a radiolabeled inhibitor has been proposed for patient selection, outcome prediction, dose optimization, genotoxic therapy evaluation, and target engagement imaging of novel PARP-targeting agents. Methods: Here, via the copper-mediated 18F-radiofluorination of aryl boronic esters, we accessed, for the first time (to our knowledge), the 18F-radiolabeled isotopolog of the Food and Drug Administration-approved PARP inhibitor olaparib. The use of the 18F-labeled equivalent of olaparib allows direct prediction of the distribution of olaparib, given its exact structural likeness to the native, nonradiolabeled drug. Results:18F-olaparib was taken up selectively in vitro in PARP-1-expressing cells. Irradiation increased PARP-1 expression and 18F-olaparib uptake in a radiation-dose-dependent fashion. PET imaging in mice showed specific uptake of 18F-olaparib in tumors expressing PARP-1 (3.2% ± 0.36% of the injected dose per gram of tissue in PSN-1 xenografts), correlating linearly with PARP-1 expression. Two hours after irradiation of the tumor (10 Gy), uptake of 18F-olaparib increased by 70% (P = 0.025). Conclusion: Taken together, we show that 18F-olaparib has great potential for noninvasive tumor imaging and monitoring of radiation damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and
| | - Mary-Ann Xavier
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - James Knight
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Verhoog
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and
| | - Julia Baguña Torres
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Mosley
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha L. Hopkins
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sheena Wallington
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Phillip D. Allen
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Veerle Kersemans
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rebekka Hueting
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sean Smart
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Bart Cornelissen
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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El-Nezhawy AOH, Alrobaian M, Khames A, El-Badawy MF, Abdelwahab SF. Design and total synthesis of (-)-codonopsinine, (-)-codonopsine and codonopsinine analogues by O-(2-oxopyrrolidin-5-yl)trichloroacetimidate as amidoalkylating agent with improved antimicrobial activity via solid lipid nanoparticle formulations. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:1263-1273. [PMID: 30777662 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A general strategy towards total synthesis of (-)-codonopsinine, (-)-codonopsine and codonopsinine analogues has been developed from (D)-tartaric acid via the intermediate (3S,4R)-1-methyl-2-oxo-5-(2,2,2-trichloroacetamido)pyrrolidinediacetate (7). α-amidoalkylation studies of 7 with electron rich benzene derivative 8a-g as C-nucleophiles afforded (aryl derivatives) 9a-g. The target compounds 1, 2 and 13c-g were readily obtained from 10a-gvia Grignard addition to the homochiral lactam which was produced by deoxygenation using Lewis-acid followed by deacetylation. The synthesized compounds were loaded onto solid lipid nanoparticle formulations (SLNs) prepared by hot emulsification-ultrasonication technique using Compritol as solid lipid and Pluronic f68 as surfactant. SLNs were fully evaluated and the permeation of synthesized compound from SLNs was assayed against non-formulated compounds through dialysis membranes using Franz cell. The data indicated good physical characteristics of the prepared SLNs, sustaining of release profiles and significant improvement of permeation ability when compared to the non-formulated compounds. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of 1, 2 and 13c-g were determined by disc diffusion and microbroth dilution method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against seven microorganisms (Staphyloccus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Candida albicans). The most active compounds against the Gram positive S. aureus were 1, 13C, 13d, and 13g. Also, 13c, 13d, and 13e had antibacterial activity but not 13f against some Gram negative organisms (E. coli, and P. mirabilis). MIC concentrations against P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumoniae were ≥512 μg/ml, while that against A. baumannii was ≥128 μg/ml except for nanoformulae of 13e and 13f that were 16 and 64 μg/ml, respectively. No antifungal activity against Candida albicans was recorded for all compounds and their nanoformulae (MIC > 1024 μg/ml). SLNs were found to decrease the MIC values for some of the compounds with no effect on the antifungal activity. In conclusion, we demonstrated a novel, straight-forward and economical procedure for the total synthesis of (-)-codonopsinine 1, (-)-codonopsine 2 and codonopsinine analogues 13c-g from simple and commercially available starting materials; d-tartaric acid; with antimicrobial activities against Gram positive and Gram-negative organisms that were improved by SLNs formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed O H El-Nezhawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Center, Dokki 12622, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Majed Alrobaian
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Khames
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F El-Badawy
- Division of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science and Technology, Al-Motamayez District, P.O. Box 77, 6th of October City 12568, Egypt
| | - Sayed F Abdelwahab
- Division of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61511, Egypt
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Suchand B, Satyanarayana G. Palladium-Catalyzed Acylation Reactions: A One-Pot Diversified Synthesis of Phthalazines, Phthalazinones and Benzoxazinones. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Basuli Suchand
- Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Hyderabad; 502 285, Sangareddy District Kandi - Telangana India
| | - Gedu Satyanarayana
- Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Hyderabad; 502 285, Sangareddy District Kandi - Telangana India
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El-Nezhawy AOH, Eweas AF, Maghrabi IA, Edalo AS, Abdelwahab SF. Design, Synthesis, and Molecular Docking of Novel Pyrrolooxazepinediol Derivatives with Anti-Influenza Neuraminidase Activity. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2015; 348:786-795. [PMID: 26377573 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201500209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel pyrrolo[2,1-b][1,3]oxazepine-8,9-diol derivatives 12-15 were synthesized starting from l-tartaric acid, which was transformed into anhydride which then reacted with allylamine in xylene to afford the imide 2. The target molecules 12-15 were achieved via ring-closing metathesis with the Grubbs catalyst, followed by reduction of the carbonyl group and deprotection of hydroxyl groups. Finally, catalytic hydrogenation of the double bond afforded the title compounds 12-15. Molecular docking study of the title compounds 12-15 was carried out against neuraminidase as the target enzyme, in an attempt to understand the mechanism of action of the tested compounds as potential neuraminidase inhibitors. Molecular docking of the target compounds showed that all tested compounds bind to the active site of neuraminidase, with moderate to high binding energy. Compounds 12-15 were examined for their antiviral activity against H5N1 virus (A/chicken/Egypt/1/2008). Oseltamivir phosphate was used as a control for antiviral activity. The results show that compound 12 (EC50 = 0.016 μg/mL) exhibited potent anti-influenza (H5N1) activity, which approximately equals that of oseltamivir (EC50 = 0.012 μg/mL). Also, it had a therapeutic index similar to that of oseltamivir phosphate (∼20). The data also revealed that compounds 13, 14, and 15 had slightly lower antiviral activity and lower cytotoxicity than oseltamivir phosphate, with LD50 of 0.188, 0.162, and 0.176 μg/mL, respectively. However, 13, 14, and 15 had lower therapeutic indices than 12. In conclusion, we were able to synthesize cheap and potent anti-H5N1 compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed O H El-Nezhawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Product, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmad F Eweas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim A Maghrabi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S Edalo
- Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed F Abdelwahab
- Department of Microbiology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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7
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Moustafa AH, El-Sayed HA, Abd El-Hady RA, Haikal AZ, El-Hashash M. Synthesis, Antiviral, and Antimicrobial Activity ofN- andS-Alkylated Phthalazine Derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H. Moustafa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Zagazig University; Zagazig Egypt
| | - Hassan A. El-Sayed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Zagazig University; Zagazig Egypt
| | | | | | - Maher El-Hashash
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Ain-Shams University; Cairo Egypt
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8
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Rao KP, Basak AK, Deb PK, Sharma S, Reddy LK. Microwave assisted palladium-catalyzed synthesis of phthalazinones and pyridopyridazinones. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Wu XF, Neumann H, Neumann S, Beller M. Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Phthalazinones: Efficient Carbonylative Coupling of 2-Bromobenzaldehydes and Hydrazines. Chemistry 2012; 18:8596-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 04/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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10
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El-Nezhawy AOH, Adly FG, Eweas AF, Hanna AG, El-Kholy YM, El-Sayed SH, El-Naggar TBA. Synthesis of some novel D-glucuronic acid acetylated derivatives as potential anti-tumor agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2011; 344:648-57. [PMID: 21984015 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201000367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Revised: 12/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A structurally diverse series of Δ(4,5) -uronamide derivatives have been chemically synthesized starting from D-glucuronic acid itself by means of acetylation, activation, amide bond formation and base-catalyzed elimination protocols. Structure elucidation for all products along with optimization of the synthetic steps is described. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in-vitro anti-tumor activity against MCF-7, TK-10 and UACC-62 cell lines. The compounds 5, 11, 13, 15 and 16 were the most active against TK-10 cell line. On the other hand, the most active compounds against the MCF-7 cell line were 11 and 15. However, compounds 5, 7, 11, 13, 15 and 16 were the most active against the UACC-62 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed O H El-Nezhawy
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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11
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Devineau A, Pousse G, Taillier C, Blanchet J, Rouden J, Dalla V. One-Pot Hydroxy Group Activation/Carbon-Carbon Bond Forming Sequence Using a Brønsted Base/Brønsted Acid System. Adv Synth Catal 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201000602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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