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Galochkin AA, Pavlovskaya AE, Baranov VV, Strelenko YA, Kravchenko AN. Regioselective synthesis of 1-alkyl-4-methylsemithioglycolurils. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-022-03134-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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2
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Zhang MC, Wang DC, Qu GR, Guo HM. Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Thiohydantoins via Domino Cyclization Reaction of β,γ-Unsaturated α-Ketoester and N,N'-Dialkylthiourea. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00669c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first catalytic asymmetric route to synthesize chiral thiohydantoins containing a quaternary stereogenic center has been established utilizing a chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed domino cyclization reaction of N,N'-dialkyl thioureas with β,γ-unsaturated...
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Reihani N, Kiyani H. Three-component Synthesis of 4-Arylidene-3-alkylisoxazol-5(4H)-ones in the Presence of Potassium 2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-1-ide. CURR ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272825666210212120517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of 4-arylidene-3-alkylisoxazole-5(4H)-ones has been implemented
via the three-component cyclocondensation of aryl(heteroaryl)aldehydes with hydroxylamine
hydrochloride and β-ketoesters. The potassium 2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-1-ide has
been introduced as the new organocatalyst to facilitate this heterocyclization. In the current
process, three starting materials, including substituted benzaldehydes/heterocyclic aromatic
aldehydes, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, and ethyl acetoacetate/propyl acetoacetate/butyryl
acetoacetate have been successfully used to synthesize the number of substituted isoxazole-
5(4H)-ones in good to high yields in ethylene glycol as a green reaction medium at 80 ºC. The
low catalyst loading is also a main advantage over some reported catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Reihani
- School of Chemistry, Damghan University, Damghan,Iran
| | - Hamzeh Kiyani
- School of Chemistry, Damghan University, Damghan,Iran
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4
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Yawer MA, Bano S, Saleem M, Yawer A, Hussain R, Imran M, Irfan A, Rauf A, Abu-Izneid T. Synthesis of urease inhibitory 2, 4-bis (4-cyanobenzyl)glycoluril using sandmeyer reaction and density functional theory investigation. Curr Org Synth 2021; 18:592-597. [PMID: 33441077 DOI: 10.2174/1570179418666210113162909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of present research was to synthesize glycoluril derivative 2,4-Bis(4-cyanobenzyl)glycoluril through convergent scheme. BACKGROUND For this purpose Sandmeyer reaction procedure was employed for the synthesis of said compound. The structure of the pure compound was confirmed by using different spectroscopic techniques such as 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and (HR-MS) Mass spectrometry. OBJECTIVE Convergent synthesis of 2,4-BIS (4-CYANOBENZYL)GLYCOLURIL USING SANDMEYER REACTION and urease inhibition study. METHODS The structure of the pure compound was confirmed by using different spectroscopic techniques such as 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and (HR-MS) Mass spectrometry. The electronic properties of newly synthesized compound and thiourea were determined by using density functional theory. RESULTS Furthermore compound was evaluated against urease enzyme and was found to be potent inhibitors with IC50 value of 11.5 ± 1.50 µM when compared with standard inhibitor thiourea (IC50 = 21.0 ± 1.90 µM). Compound may serve as lead compound for the synthesis of new cyano based bambusuril in future with enhanced biological properties. CONCLUSION We have synthesized a new glycoluril derivative 2,4-Bis(4-cyanobenzyl)glycoluril by the sandmeyer reaction. It has obtained in the form of light yellowish powder in good yield (96%). Glycoluril based macrocycles have been used in various fields. Starting from the 2,4-Bis(4-nitrobenzyl)glycoluril (already reported compound) which has undergone reduction (CH3OH,Pt/C) , diazotization (NaNO2/HCl), cyanation (CuCl/KCN) respectively in order to synthesize the desired new glycoluril derivative. The obtained product will be used as a building block for the synthesis of the cyano based bambusuril marcocycle in future. The yield of the obtained product has been monitored by using different amount of cyanating reagent but the best results shown by the use of 4 mmol of CuCl/KCN. KCN with CuCl assisted the conversion of diazo group into cyano group with enhanced yield when used in excess amount. It act as a catalyst. Solubility characteristic of 2,4-Bis(4-cyanobenzyl)glycoluril has determined also in different organic solvents. 1H NMR technique proved to be very helpful for the structure determination of our desired product. Benzylic protons give signals at 7.5 ppm and 7.8 ppm respectively. The downfield peaks confirm about the presence of CN group near the benzylic protons. Methine protons show signal at 5.2 ppm which ensures about the basic skeleton of glycoluril. Ureidyl protons also confirm the synthesis of the heterocyclic 2,4-Bis(4-cyanobenzyl)glycoluril compound. The negative and positive electrostatic potential sites, molecular descriptors, and charge density distribution of frontier molecular orbitals are revealing that 4a with promising sites for electrophilic and nucleophilic attacks would result to enhance the urease inhbition which is in good agreement with the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Arfan Yawer
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Lahore, Lahore. Pakistan
| | - Shehar Bano
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology Johar Town C-II Lahore. Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Lahore, Lahore. Pakistan
| | - Affiefa Yawer
- Department of Chemistry & RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno. Czech Republic
| | - Riaz Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Lahore, Lahore. Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413. Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413. Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar-23561, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Pakistan
| | - Tareq Abu-Izneid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University of Science and Technology, Al Ain Campus. United Arab Emirates
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Bakibaev AA, Uhov A, Malkov V, Panshina S. Synthesis of glycolurils and hydantoins by reaction of urea and 1,
2‐dicarbonyl
compounds using etidronic acid as a “green catalyst”. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdigali A. Bakibaev
- Department of Chemistry National Research Tomsk State University Tomsk Russian Federation
| | - Artur Uhov
- Department of Chemistry National Research Tomsk State University Tomsk Russian Federation
| | - Victor Malkov
- Department of Chemistry National Research Tomsk State University Tomsk Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana Panshina
- Department of Chemistry National Research Tomsk State University Tomsk Russian Federation
- Department of Chemistry National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University Tomsk Russian Federation
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López-López LI, de Loera D, Rivera-Avalos E, Sáenz-Galindo A. Green Synthesis of Hydantoins and Derivatives. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x16666181206100225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The hydantoin moiety is found in several bioactive compounds with important pharmacological properties such as antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-androgens, anticancer and the historical action anticonvulsant. Because of these reasons, the synthesis of these compounds and their derivatives is important to review considering the philosophy of the green chemistry. In this review, we present the actual importance in the green synthesis of hydantoins and their derivatives using green methods, such as microwave and ultrasound irradiation, ionic liquids, solid-phase and solvent-free synthesis. Finally, several green protocols reported have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Denisse de Loera
- School of Chemistry, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Rivera-Avalos
- School of Chemistry, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
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Xu H, Wang Y, Wang H, Zheng Z, Meng Z, Xue M, Xu Z. Separation and identification of an impurity from the istradefylline intermediate. RSC Adv 2020; 10:14493-14499. [PMID: 35497116 PMCID: PMC9052088 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09074f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Istradefylline is a selective adenosine antagonist for the A2a receptor, and it is used to treat the Parkinson's disease and improve dyskinesia in the early stage of the Parkinson's disease. An impurity in the istradefylline intermediate A1 (6-amino-1,3-diethyl-2,4-(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione) was identified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); it was separated by preparative HPLC and further characterized by UV, IR, MS, NMR, 2D NMR and single-crystal XRD analyses. The impurity was identified as (E)-N-ethyl-2-cyano-3-ethylamino-2-butenamide, which originated from the synthetic process of the intermediate A1. The structure of this impurity might affect the efficiency and safety of istradefylline; therefore, the research and control of this impurity are necessary for ensuring the quality of istradefylline. An impurity has been separated by preparative HPLC and characterized by IR, MS, NMR and XRD analyses as (E)-N-ethyl-2-cyano-3-ethylamino-2-butenamide, which is a by-product of the intermediate A1 obtained from the istradefylline.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
- China
- Shandong Xinhua Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Yiyun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
- China
- Shandong Xinhua Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Hongyi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
- China
- Shandong Xinhua Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | | | - Zihui Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Min Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Zhibin Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
- China
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8
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Recent applications of hydantoin and thiohydantoin in medicinal chemistry. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 164:517-545. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Reany
- Department of Natural Sciences; The Open University of Israel; 1 University Rd Ra'anana 43537 Israel
| | - Amar Mohite
- Department of Natural Sciences; The Open University of Israel; 1 University Rd Ra'anana 43537 Israel
| | - Ehud Keinan
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry; Technion - Israel Institute of Technology; Technion City Haifa 32000 Israel
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Konnert L, Lamaty F, Martinez J, Colacino E. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Hydantoins: The State of the Art of a Valuable Scaffold. Chem Rev 2017. [PMID: 28644621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The review highlights the hydantoin syntheses presented from the point of view of the preparation methods. Novel synthetic routes to various hydantoin structures, the advances brought to the classical methods in the aim of producing more sustainable and environmentally friendly procedures for the preparation of these biomolecules, and a critical comparison of the different synthetic approaches developed in the last twelve years are also described. The review is composed of 95 schemes, 8 figures and 528 references for the last 12 years and includes the description of the hydantoin-based marketed drugs and clinical candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Konnert
- Université de Montpellier, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron UMR 5247 CNRS - Universités Montpellier - ENSCM , Place E. Bataillon, Campus Triolet, cc 1703, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Lamaty
- Université de Montpellier, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron UMR 5247 CNRS - Universités Montpellier - ENSCM , Place E. Bataillon, Campus Triolet, cc 1703, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Martinez
- Université de Montpellier, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron UMR 5247 CNRS - Universités Montpellier - ENSCM , Place E. Bataillon, Campus Triolet, cc 1703, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Evelina Colacino
- Université de Montpellier, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron UMR 5247 CNRS - Universités Montpellier - ENSCM , Place E. Bataillon, Campus Triolet, cc 1703, 34095 Montpellier, France
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Khalifa NM, Al-Omar MA, Mohamed NA, El-Serwy WS. Synthesis and characterization of some new S-alkylated and mannich bases carrying 2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one moiety. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363215120312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Kondoh A, Ota Y, Komuro T, Egawa F, Kanomata K, Terada M. Chiral Brønsted acid-catalyzed enantioselective Friedel-Crafts reaction of 2-methoxyfuran with aliphatic ketimines generated in situ. Chem Sci 2016; 7:1057-1062. [PMID: 29862000 PMCID: PMC5952551 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03175c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
An enantioselective Friedel-Crafts reaction with aliphatic ketimines generated in situ from hemiaminal ethers catalyzed by a chiral Brønsted acid was investigated. The reaction of 2-methoxyfuran with (thio)hydantoin-derived hemiaminal methyl ether proceeded under the influence of a chiral phosphoric acid catalyst to afford the corresponding adduct possessing a quaternary stereogenic center in high yield with high enantioselectivity. Theoretical studies were also conducted to clarify the mechanism of the stereochemical outcome and the major factors contributing to the efficient enantioselection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Kondoh
- Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules , Graduate School of Science , Tohoku University , Aoba-ku , Sendai 980-8578 , Japan .
| | - Yusuke Ota
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Tohoku University , Aoba-ku , Sendai 980-8578 , Japan
| | - Takazumi Komuro
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Tohoku University , Aoba-ku , Sendai 980-8578 , Japan
| | - Fuyuki Egawa
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Tohoku University , Aoba-ku , Sendai 980-8578 , Japan
| | - Kyohei Kanomata
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Tohoku University , Aoba-ku , Sendai 980-8578 , Japan
| | - Masahiro Terada
- Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules , Graduate School of Science , Tohoku University , Aoba-ku , Sendai 980-8578 , Japan .
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Tohoku University , Aoba-ku , Sendai 980-8578 , Japan
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14
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15
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Singh M, Parvari G, Botoshansky M, Keinan E, Reany O. The Synthetic Challenge of Thioglycolurils. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Mehra V, Kumar V. Facile diastereoselective synthesis of functionally enriched hydantoins via base-promoted intramolecular amidolysis of C-3 functionalized azetidin-2-ones. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.08.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Menor-Salván C, Marín-Yaseli MR. A New Route for the Prebiotic Synthesis of Nucleobases and Hydantoins in Water/Ice Solutions Involving the Photochemistry of Acetylene. Chemistry 2013; 19:6488-97. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kumar V, Rana H, Kaushik M. Novel and green protocol for the synthesis of 2-iminohydantoins. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Novel and efficient protocol for the syntheses of N-1 substituted thiohydantoin and a bicyclothiohydantoin under solvent-free conditions. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.02.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Olimpieri F, Bellucci MC, Marcelli T, Volonterio A. Regioselective multicomponent sequential synthesis of hydantoins. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:9538-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26498f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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21
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Dadiboyena S, Nefzi A. Parallel Solid-Phase Synthesis of disubstituted 3-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)imidazolidine-2,4-diones and 3-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-ones. Tetrahedron Lett 2011; 52:7030-7033. [PMID: 22199408 PMCID: PMC3244722 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
A multistep approach to construct novel 3-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)imidazolidine-2,4-diones and 3-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-ones from commercially available amino acids, amines, and carboxylic acids is described. Coupling of Fmoc-amino acid to resin-bound aminobenzimidazole provided following Fmoc elimination free amine. Treatment of the free amine with 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole or 1,1'-thiocarbonyldiimidazole furnished the corresponding hydantoins and thiohydantoins via intramolecular cyclization. The desired aminobenzimidazole tethered hydantoin or thiohydantoins were isolated in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sureshbabu Dadiboyena
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 11350 SW Village Parkway Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Adel Nefzi
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 11350 SW Village Parkway Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
- Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
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Cheung LLW, He Z, Decker SM, Yudin AK. Skeletal Fusion of Small Heterocycles with Amphoteric Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:11798-802. [PMID: 21990009 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201106024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence L W Cheung
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
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Cheung LLW, He Z, Decker SM, Yudin AK. Skeletal Fusion of Small Heterocycles with Amphoteric Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201106024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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24
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Firouzeh N, Hossein K. A Green and Highly Efficient Protocol for Catalyst-free Knoevenagel Condensation and Michael Addition of Aromatic Aldehydes with 1,3-Cyclic Diketones in PEG-400. CHINESE J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25
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Bellucci MC, Ghilardi A, Volonterio A. Three-component, one-pot sequential synthesis of glyco-hydantoin conjugates. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:8379-92. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06312j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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