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Li Y, Zhang T, Ma H, Xu L, Zhang Q, He L, Jiang J, Zhang Z, Zhao Z, Wang M. Design, Synthesis, and Antifungal/Antioomycete Activity of Thiohydantoin Analogues Containing Spirocyclic Butenolide. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:6249-6267. [PMID: 37058604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c09144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Novel fungicidal agents were designed based on the combination of two privileged scaffolds, thiohydantoin and spirocyclic butenolide, which are widely found in natural products. The synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and high-resolution electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. The in vitro antioomycete activity evaluation showed that most of the compounds exhibited excellent inhibitory activities against different developmental stages in the life cycle of pathogenic oomycete Phytophthora capsici. Compound 5j could inhibit the mycelial growth, sporangium production, zoospore release, and cystospore germination significantly with EC50 values of 0.38, 0.25, 0.11, and 0.026 μg/mL, respectively. The in vivo antifungal/antioomycete bioassay results revealed that the series of compounds generally showed outstanding control efficacies against the pathogenic oomycete Pseudoperonospora cubensis, and compounds 5j, 5l, 7j, 7k, and 7l possessed broad-spectrum antifungal activities against the test phytopathogens. The in vivo protective and curative efficacies against P. capsici of the representative compound 5j were excellent, which were better than those of azoxystrobin. More prominently, 5j significantly promoted the biomass accumulation of the root system and reinforced the cell wall by callose deposition. The pronounced upregulation of immune response-related genes indicated that the active oomycete inhibitor 5j also functioned as a plant elicitor. Transmission electron microscopy observation and the enzyme activity test demonstrated that the mechanism of action of 5j was to bind to the pivotal protein, complex III on the respiratory chain, which resulted in a shortage of energy supply. Molecular docking results exhibited that compound 5j appropriately matched with the Qo pocket and had no interaction with the most commonly mutated site Gly-142, which may be of significant benefit in Qo fungicide resistance management. Compound 5j showed great advantages and potential in oomycete control, resistance management, and induction of disease resistance. A further investigation of 5j with a unique structure might have direct implications for the creation of novel oomycete inhibitors against plant-pathogenic oomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Li
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haoyun Ma
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Leichuan Xu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiazhen Jiang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhangwu Zhao
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mingan Wang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Yaragani M, Yadlapalli P, Raghavan S, Giridhar T, Mandava VBR, Singh RV, Kottapalli RP, Chinnusamy S. Electronic effect-dependent intramolecular non-covalent interactions on the activity of 4,4-dimethylimidazolidin-2-one pharmacophore-based androgen receptor antagonists. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 101:614-625. [PMID: 36198102 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Because androgen receptor (AR) signalling is important for the development and progression of prostate cancer (PC), AR antagonists are utilized in clinical practices to treat PC and are referred to as androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). However, continued administration of AR antagonists often results in the development of resistance, known as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Despite castration, it has been demonstrated that AR signalling continues to be fundamental to tumour growth. In this regard, a series of readily synthesizable 4,4-dimethylimidazolidine-2-one pharmacophore-based AR antagonists (FAR01-FAR11) were designed and synthesized. Androgen-dependent LNCaP PC cell line was used to test the AR-antagonist activity of these compounds in vitro and compared with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved second-generation enzalutamide. In our previous work, rigid thiohydantoin pharmacophore in enzalutamide is replaced by the flexible 4,4-dimethylimidazolidin-2-one. In order to improve the flexibility further, one methylene group is introduced between the pharmacophore and one of the aromatic ring. Despite the fact that the amide functional group is a crucial characteristic for building AR antagonists, this class of molecules lacks one. FAR06 has the exact same activity as enzalutamide (IC50 : 0.782 μM) with an IC50 value of 0.801 μM among the series of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muralikrishna Yaragani
- Department of Chemistry, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Sriram Raghavan
- CAS in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thota Giridhar
- Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals Pvt. Ltd, Bangalure, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | | | - Saravanan Chinnusamy
- Center for Advanced Organic Materials (Sona-AROMA), Department of Chemistry, Sona College of Technology, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
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Chen L, Hao Y, Song H, Liu Y, Li Y, Zhang J, Wang Q. Design, Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activities of Novel Spirooxindole Analogues Containing Hydantoin, Thiohydantoin, Urea, and Thiourea Moieties. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:10618-10625. [PMID: 32866373 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
On the basis of the scaffolds widely used in drug design, a series of novel spirooxindole derivatives containing hydantoin, thiohydantoin, urea, and thiourea moieties have been designed, synthesized, characterized, and first evaluated for their biological activities. The diastereoselectivity mechanism is proposed, and the systematic conformational analysis is performed. The bioassay results show that the target compounds possess moderate to good antiviral activities against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), among which compound 22 shows the highest antiviral activity in vitro as well as inactivation, curative, and protection activities in vivo (45 ± 1, 47 ± 3, 50 ± 1, and 51 ± 1%, 500 mg/L, respectively), higher than ribavirin (38 ± 1, 36 ± 1, 38 ± 1, and 36 ± 1%, 500 mg/L, respectively). Thus, compound 22 is a promising candidate for anti-TMV development. Most of these compounds show broad-spectrum fungicidal activities against 14 kinds of phytopathogenic fungi and selective fungicidal activities against Physalospora piricola, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Rhizoctonia cerealis. Additionally, some of these compounds exhibit insecticidal activity against Culex pipiens pallens, Mythimna separata, Helicoverpa armigera, and Pyrausta nubilalis. Compound 17 exhibits the highest larvicidal activity (LC50 was 0.32 mg/L) against C. pipiens pallens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanke Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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Sarigul Ozbek S, Dogan I. Axially chiral hemiaminals from nonracemic α-amino acid derivatives ( thiohydantoins): Synthesis and isomer identification. Chirality 2020; 32:1299-1310. [PMID: 32770589 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Stable, nonracemic axially chiral hemiaminals (O,N-hemiacetals) have been synthesized stereoselectively from lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4 ) reductions of nonracemic 5-methyl- and 5-isopropyl-3-(o-aryl)-2-thioydantoins in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at room temperature in 10 min. Predominantly S-configured hemiaminals at C-4 of the heterocyclic ring were produced from the S-configured thiohydantoins at C-5 (by 80% when the C5 substituent is methyl and by 97% when it is isopropyl). The configuration at C-5 was retained during the reduction reaction. The stereochemical outcome of the axially chiral hemiaminals resulted from their conformational preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Sarigul Ozbek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Dogan
- Department of Chemistry, Boğziçi University, İstanbul, Turkey
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Bartkowiak A, Orwat B, Zalas M, Ledwon P, Kownacki I, Tejchman W. 2- Thiohydantoin Moiety as a Novel Acceptor/Anchoring Group of Photosensitizers for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E2065. [PMID: 32365787 PMCID: PMC7254308 DOI: 10.3390/ma13092065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Very recently, we have reported the synthesis and evaluation of biological properties of new merocyanine dyes composed of triphenylamine moiety, π-aromatic spacer, and rhodanine/2-thiohydantoin-based moiety. Interestingly, 2-thiohydantoin has never been studied before as an electron-accepting/anchoring group for the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In the presented study, we examined the applicability of 2-thiohydantoin, an analog of rhodanine, in DSSC technology. The research included theoretical calculations, electrochemical measurements, optical characterization, and tests of the solar cells. As a result, we proved that 2-thiohydantoin might be considered as an acceptor/anchoring group since all the compounds examined in this study were active. The most efficient device showed power conversion efficiency of 2.59%, which is a promising value for molecules of such a simple structure. It was found that the cells' performances were mainly attributed to the dye loading and the ICT molecular absorption coefficients, both affected by the differences in the chemical structure of the dyes. Moreover, the effect of the aromatic spacer size and the introduction of carboxymethyl co-anchoring group on photovoltaic properties was observed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Bartkowiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 8 Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego St., 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (A.B.); (M.Z.); (I.K.)
| | - Bartosz Orwat
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 8 Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego St., 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (A.B.); (M.Z.); (I.K.)
- Center for Advanced Technology, 10 Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego St., 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Maciej Zalas
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 8 Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego St., 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (A.B.); (M.Z.); (I.K.)
| | - Przemyslaw Ledwon
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 9 Marcina Strzody St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Ireneusz Kownacki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 8 Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego St., 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (A.B.); (M.Z.); (I.K.)
- Center for Advanced Technology, 10 Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego St., 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Waldemar Tejchman
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, 2 Podchorążych St., 30-084 Kraków, Poland;
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Huang Y, Guo Z, Song H, Liu Y, Wang L, Wang Q. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity of β-Carboline Analogues Containing Hydantoin, Thiohydantoin, and Urea Moieties. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:8253-8261. [PMID: 30052037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel β-carboline derivatives was designed by combining the anti-tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) lead compound tetrahydro-β-carboline ester with the hydantoin, thiohydantoin, and urea motifs. These derivatives were synthesized from tetrahydro-β-carboline ester via a structural diversity-oriented synthesis in one step, and their biological activities were evaluated. Most of the derivatives exhibited anti-TMV activity higher than that of commercial plant virucide ribavirin, such as compounds 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 15, 16, 19, and 21. Compared with the lead compounds, some of these derivatives showed good insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella and Culex pipiens pallens. At the same time, these derivatives also showed broad-spectrum fungicidal activity. The systematic study provides strong evidence that the hydantoin, thiohydantoin, and urea motifs of these molecules can improve and modulate the activities of the analogues of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqiong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonglin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lizhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qingmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300071 , People's Republic of China
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Żesławska E, Kincses A, Unger V, Tóth V, Spengler G, Nitek W, Tejchman W. Exocyclic Sulfur and Selenoorganic Compounds Towards Their Anticancer Effects: Crystallographic and Biological Studies. Anticancer Res 2018; 38:4577-4584. [PMID: 30061224 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Multidrug resistance leads to therapeutic difficulties. There is great interest in experimental chemotherapy regarding multidrug resistance inhibitors and new anticancer agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anticancer activity of exocyclic sulfur and selenoorganic compounds on mouse T-lymphoma cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS A series of eighteen sulfur and selenium analogues of 2[1H]-pyrimidinone and hydantoin derivatives were evaluated towards their efflux modulating, cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects in mouse T-lymphoma cells. The combination assay with doxorubicin on multidrug resistant mouse T-lymphoma cells was performed in order to see the nature of drug interactions. Crystal structures were determined for two selected compounds with the highest efflux-modulating activity. RESULTS The sulfur analogues with aromatic rings almost perpendicular to pyrimidinethione ring at positions 1 and 6 showed the highest efflux inhibitory action, while all selenium analogues showed good antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities. CONCLUSION The sulfur analogues can be modified towards improving their efflux inhibitory activity, whereas the selenium towards antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Żesławska
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Annamária Kincses
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Vivien Unger
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Viktor Tóth
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Spengler
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Wojciech Nitek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Waldemar Tejchman
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Kraków, Poland
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Králová P, Maloň M, Koshino H, Soural M. Convenient Synthesis of Thiohydantoins, Imidazole-2-thiones and Imidazo[2,1- b]thiazol-4-iums from Polymer-Supported α-Acylamino Ketones. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040976. [PMID: 29690582 PMCID: PMC6017016 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The preparation of 5-methylene-thiohydantoins using solid-phase synthesis is reported in this paper. After sulfonylation of immobilized Ser (t-Bu)-OH with 4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride followed by alkylation with various bromoketones, the 4-Nos group was removed and the resulting polymer-supported α-acylamino ketones reacted with Fmoc-isothiocyanate. Cleavage of the Fmoc protecting group was followed by the spontaneous cyclative cleavage releasing the 5-methylene-thiohydantoin derivatives from the polymer support. Reduction with triethylsilane (TES) yielded the corresponding 5-methyl-thiohydantoins. When Fmoc-isothiocyanate was replaced with alkyl isothiocyanates, the trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) mediated cleavage from the polymer support, which was followed by the cyclization reaction and the imidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-4-iums were obtained. Their conversion in deuterated dimethylsulfoxide led to imidazole-2-thiones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Králová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. Listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Maloň
- JEOL Ltd., Musashino 3-1-2, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8558, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Koshino
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Miroslav Soural
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hnevotinska 5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Ono M, Hayashi S, Matsumura K, Kimura H, Okamoto Y, Ihara M, Takahashi R, Mori H, Saji H. Rhodanine and thiohydantoin derivatives for detecting tau pathology in Alzheimer's brains. ACS Chem Neurosci 2011; 2:269-75. [PMID: 22778869 PMCID: PMC3369744 DOI: 10.1021/cn200002t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel series of rhodanin (RH) and thiohydantoin (TH) derivatives were designed and synthesized for detecting tau pathology in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In experiments in vitro using tau and β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregates, the TH derivative, TH2, showed high specific binding to tau aggregates. In hippocampal sections obtained from AD patients, TH2 intensely stained neurofibrillary tangles. In experiments using normal mice, [(125)I]TH2 showed good uptake (1.54%ID/g, 2 min postinjection) into and a rapid washout (0.25%ID/g, 60 min postinjection) from the brain. [(123)I]TH2 should be further investigated as a potential imaging agent for detecting tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ono
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shun Hayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsumura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kimura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yoko Okamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ihara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mori
- Department of Neuroscience, Osaka City University Medical School, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Hideo Saji
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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