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Nixarlidis C, Chisholm JD. DDQ catalyzed oxidative lactonization of indole-3-butyric acids. RSC Adv 2024; 14:24207-24211. [PMID: 39101068 PMCID: PMC11294987 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra05265j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Benzylic C-H bonds next to electron rich aromatic rings are susceptible to 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) promoted functionalization. In this work benzylic carbocations formed in this manner are trapped by a pendant carboxylic acid to form a lactone. Indole-3-butyric acids are especially good substrates for the reaction. The lactonization functions well with catalytic amounts of DDQ combined with MnO2 as the stoichiometric oxidant. This cyclization proceeds with a number of indole-3-butyric acids, and yields were generally good as long as the indole was electron rich and free of bulky substituents near the reacting benzylic carbon. Indole-3-butyric acids functionalized with electron withdrawing groups tend to give more moderate yields. Other aromatic substrates also participate as long as the aromatic ring is functionalized with electron donating groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Nixarlidis
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University 1-014 Center for Science and Technology Syracuse NY 13244 USA
| | - John D Chisholm
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University 1-014 Center for Science and Technology Syracuse NY 13244 USA
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2
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Nickel-catalyzed deallylation of aryl allyl ethers with hydrosilanes. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Alsharif MA, Raja QA, Majeed NA, Jassas RS, Alsimaree AA, Sadiq A, Naeem N, Mughal EU, Alsantali RI, Moussa Z, Ahmed SA. DDQ as a versatile and easily recyclable oxidant: a systematic review. RSC Adv 2021; 11:29826-29858. [PMID: 35479576 PMCID: PMC9040906 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04575j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) is the most widely used quinone with a high reduction potential, and it commonly mediates hydride transfer reactions and shows three accessible oxidation states: quinone (oxidized), semiquinone (one-electron-reduced), and hydroquinone (two-electron-reduced). DDQ has found broad utility as a stoichiometric oxidant in the functionalization of activated C-H bonds and the dehydrogenation of saturated C-C, C-O, and C-N bonds. The cost and toxicity of DDQ triggered recent efforts to develop methods that employ catalytic quantities of DDQ in combination with alternative stoichiometric oxidants. The aerobic catalytic approach was established for the selective oxidation of non-sterically hindered electron-rich benzyl methyl ethers and benzylic alcohols, and effectively extended to the oxidative deprotection of p-methoxybenzyl ethers to generate the alcohols in high selectivity. A combination of DDQ and protic acid is known to oxidize several aromatic donors to the corresponding cation radicals. The excited-state DDQ converts benzyls, heteroarenes, fluoroarenes, benzene, and olefins into their radical cation forms as well as chloride and other anions into their respective radicals. These reactive intermediates have been employed for the generation of C-C and C-X (N, O, or Cl) bonds in the synthesis of valuable natural products and organic compounds. To the best of our knowledge, however, there is still no review article exclusively describing the applications of DDQ in organic synthesis. Therefore, in the present review, we provide an overview of DDQ-induced organic transformations with their scope, limitations and the proposed reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meshari A Alsharif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Rabab S Jassas
- Department of Chemistry, Jamoum University College, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Alsimaree
- Department of Basic Science (Chemistry), College of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University Afif Saudi Arabia
| | - Amina Sadiq
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. College Women University Sialkot-51300 Pakistan
| | - Nafeesa Naeem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat Gujrat-50700 Pakistan
| | | | - Reem I Alsantali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmacy College, Taif University 888-Taif Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziad Moussa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Saleh A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
- Research laboratories unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University 71516 Assiut Egypt
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Gaikwad SV, Gaikwad MV, Lokhande PD. Iodine‐DMSO
catalyzed chemoselective oxidative aromatization and deallylation, nondeallylation of aryl allyl ether of tetrahydro‐
β
‐carboline. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil V. Gaikwad
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Research Savitribai Phule Pune University Pune India
| | - Milind V. Gaikwad
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. D. Y. Patil A.C.S. College Pimpri Savitribai Phule Pune University Pune India
| | - Pradeep D. Lokhande
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Research Savitribai Phule Pune University Pune India
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Cala A, Zorrilla JG, Rial C, Molinillo JMG, Varela RM, Macías FA. Easy Access to Alkoxy, Amino, Carbamoyl, Hydroxy, and Thiol Derivatives of Sesquiterpene Lactones and Evaluation of Their Bioactivity on Parasitic Weeds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:10764-10773. [PMID: 31487158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that the α-methylene-γ-lactone moiety of sesquiterpene lactones is a key unit for their bioactivity. As a consequence, modifications of these compounds have been focused on this fragment. In the work reported here, two sesquiterpene lactones, namely, dehydrocostuslactone and β-cyclocostunolide, a eudesmanolide obtained by controlled cyclization of costunolide, were chosen for modification by Michael addition at C-13. On applying this reaction to both compounds, it was possible to introduce the functional groups alkoxy, amino, carbamoyl, hydroxy, and thiol to give products in good to high yields, depending on the base and solvent employed. In particular, the introduction of a thiol group at C-13 in both compounds was achieved with outstanding yields (>90%) and this is unprecedented for these sesquiterpene lactones. The bioactivities of the products were evaluated on etiolated wheat coleoptile elongation and germination of seeds of parasitic weeds, with significant activity observed on Orobanche cumana and Phelipanche ramosa. The structure-activity relationships are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cala
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus CEIA3, School of Science , University of Cadiz , C/Republica Saharaui, 7 , 11510 Puerto Real , Cádiz , Spain
| | - Jesús G Zorrilla
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus CEIA3, School of Science , University of Cadiz , C/Republica Saharaui, 7 , 11510 Puerto Real , Cádiz , Spain
| | - Carlos Rial
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus CEIA3, School of Science , University of Cadiz , C/Republica Saharaui, 7 , 11510 Puerto Real , Cádiz , Spain
| | - José M G Molinillo
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus CEIA3, School of Science , University of Cadiz , C/Republica Saharaui, 7 , 11510 Puerto Real , Cádiz , Spain
| | - Rosa M Varela
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus CEIA3, School of Science , University of Cadiz , C/Republica Saharaui, 7 , 11510 Puerto Real , Cádiz , Spain
| | - Francisco A Macías
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus CEIA3, School of Science , University of Cadiz , C/Republica Saharaui, 7 , 11510 Puerto Real , Cádiz , Spain
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Arachchige PTK, Lee H, Yi CS. Synthesis of Symmetric and Unsymmetric Secondary Amines from the Ligand-Promoted Ruthenium-Catalyzed Deaminative Coupling Reaction of Primary Amines. J Org Chem 2018; 83:4932-4947. [PMID: 29665681 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic system generated in situ from the tetranuclear Ru-H complex with a catechol ligand (1/L1) was found to be effective for the direct deaminative coupling of two primary amines to form secondary amines. The catalyst 1/L1 was highly chemoselective for promoting the coupling of two different primary amines to afford unsymmetric secondary amines. The analogous coupling of aniline with primary amines formed aryl-substituted secondary amines. The treatment of aniline- d7 with 4-methoxybenzylamine led to the coupling product with significant deuterium incorporation on CH2 (18% D). The most pronounced carbon isotope effect was observed on the α-carbon of the product isolated from the coupling reaction of 4-methoxybenzylamine (C(1) = 1.015(2)). A Hammett plot was constructed from measuring the rates of the coupling reaction of 4-methoxyaniline with a series of para-substituted benzylamines 4-X-C6H4CH2NH2 (X = OMe, Me, H, F, CF3) (ρ = -0.79 ± 0.1). A plausible mechanistic scheme has been proposed for the coupling reaction on the basis of these results. The catalytic coupling method provides an operationally simple and chemoselective synthesis of secondary amine products without using any reactive reagents or forming wasteful byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanbin Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Marquette University , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53201-1881 , United States
| | - Chae S Yi
- Department of Chemistry , Marquette University , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53201-1881 , United States
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Paramanik M, Singh R, Mukhopadhyay S, Ghosh SK. Catalytic nucleophilic fluorination by an imidazolium ionic liquid possessing trialkylphosphine oxide functionality. J Fluor Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2015.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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