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Sarkar K, Behera P, Roy L, Maji B. Manganese catalyzed chemo-selective synthesis of acyl cyclopentenes: a combined experimental and computational investigation. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc02842b. [PMID: 39149218 PMCID: PMC11322900 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02842b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclopentenes serve as foundational structures in numerous natural products and pharmaceuticals. Consequently, the pursuit of innovative synthetic approaches to complement existing protocols is of paramount importance. In this context, we present a novel synthesis route for acyl cyclopentenes through a cascade reaction involving an acceptorless-dehydrogenative coupling of cyclopropyl methanol with methyl ketone, followed by a radical-initiated ring expansion rearrangement of the in situ formed vinyl cyclopropenone intermediate. The reaction, catalyzed by an earth-abundant metal complex, occurs under milder conditions, generating water and hydrogen gas as byproducts. Rigorous control experiments and detailed computational studies were conducted to unravel the underlying mechanism. The observed selectivity is explained by entropy-driven alcohol-assisted hydrogen liberation from an Mn-hydride complex, prevailing over the hydrogenation of unsaturated cyclopentenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 West Bengal India
| | - Prativa Behera
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai, IOC Odisha Campus Bhubaneswar Bhubaneswar 751013 India
| | - Lisa Roy
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai, IOC Odisha Campus Bhubaneswar Bhubaneswar 751013 India
| | - Biplab Maji
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 West Bengal India
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2
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François J, Jacolot M, Popowycz F. Borrowing hydrogen C-alkylation with secondary saturated heterocyclic alcohols. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4502-4507. [PMID: 38747070 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00543k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The borrowing hydrogen methodology (BH) has emerged as a powerful tool for the rapid construction of C-C bonds, offering a greener alternative to traditional multi-step syntheses. This methodology involves the activation of inactivated alcohols followed by condensation or aldolization, ultimately leading to the regeneration of the saturated product. Herein, we report the C-alkylation of a hindered ketone with challenging secondary saturated heterocyclic alcohols. Our study encompasses the optimization of reaction conditions using either an iridium or a ruthenium catalyst and exploration of substrate scope. We demonstrate the efficient synthesis of substituted pyrrolidines and piperidines directly from a triol precursor, showcasing the versatility of this methodology. Moreover, we illustrate the post-functionalization of BH products, significantly broadening their chemical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan François
- INSA Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, CPE Lyon, UMR 5246, ICBMS, 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69621, Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
| | - Maïwenn Jacolot
- INSA Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, CPE Lyon, UMR 5246, ICBMS, 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69621, Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
| | - Florence Popowycz
- INSA Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, CPE Lyon, UMR 5246, ICBMS, 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69621, Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
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3
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Gómez-Suárez A, Neumann CN. Stereochemistry in All Its Shapes and Forms: The 56 th Bürgenstock Conference. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309468. [PMID: 37590448 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Acknowledging the crucial role of stereochemistry in fields as diverse as total synthesis, synthetic methodology, spectroscopy, and the study of the origin of life, the 56th SCS Conference on Stereochemistry, better known as the BÃ1/4rgenstock Conference, brought together a diverse range of chemistry expertise in Brunnen, Switzerland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Gómez-Suárez
- Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Constanze N Neumann
- Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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4
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Smith LB, Armstrong RJ, Hou J, Smith E, Sze M, Sterling AJ, Smith A, Duarte F, Donohoe TJ. Redox Reorganization: Aluminium Promoted 1,5-Hydride Shifts Allow the Controlled Synthesis of Multisubstituted Cyclohexenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307424. [PMID: 37358307 PMCID: PMC10953022 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of cyclohexenes has been achieved from easily accessible tetrahydropyrans via a tandem 1,5-hydride shift-aldol condensation. We discovered that readily available aluminium reagents, e.g. Al2 O3 or Al(Ot Bu)3 are essential for this process, promoting the 1,5-hydride shift with complete regio- and enantiospecificity (in stark contrast to results obtained under basic conditions). The mild conditions, coupled with multiple methods available to access the tetrahydropyran starting materials makes this a versatile method with exceptional functional group tolerance. A wide range of cyclohexenes (>40 examples) have been prepared, many in enantiopure form, showing our ability to selectively install a substituent at each position around the newly forged cyclohexene ring. Experimental and computational studies revealed that aluminium serves a dual role in facilitating the hydride shift, activating both the alkoxide nucleophile and the electrophilic carbonyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis B. Smith
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordOX1 3TAOxfordUK
| | - Roly J. Armstrong
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordOX1 3TAOxfordUK
- School of Natural and Environmental SciencesNewcastle UniversityNE1 7RUNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Jingyan Hou
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordOX1 3TAOxfordUK
| | - Edward Smith
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordOX1 3TAOxfordUK
| | - Ming Sze
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordOX1 3TAOxfordUK
| | | | - Alex Smith
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research CentreRG42 6EYBracknellBerkshireUK
| | - Fernanda Duarte
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordOX1 3TAOxfordUK
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5
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Kischkewitz M, Marinic B, Kratena N, Lai Y, Hepburn HB, Dow M, Christensen KE, Donohoe TJ. Evolution of the Dearomative Functionalization of Activated Quinolines and Isoquinolines: Expansion of the Electrophile Scope. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204682. [PMID: 35560761 PMCID: PMC9321684 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Herein we disclose a mild protocol for the reductive functionalisation of quinolinium and isoquinolinium salts. The reaction proceeds under transition-metal-free conditions as well as under rhodium catalysis with very low catalyst loadings (0.01 mol %) and uses inexpensive formic acid as the terminal reductant. A wide range of electrophiles, including enones, imides, unsaturated esters and sulfones, β-nitro styrenes and aldehydes are intercepted by the in situ formed enamine species forming a large variety of substituted tetrahydro(iso)quinolines. Electrophiles are incorporated at the C-3 and C-4 position for quinolines and isoquinolines respectively, providing access to substitution patterns which are not favoured in electrophilic or nucleophilic aromatic substitution. Finally, this reactivity was exploited to facilitate three types of annulation reactions, giving rise to complex polycyclic products of a formal [3+3] or [4+2] cycloaddition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Kischkewitz
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Bruno Marinic
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Nicolas Kratena
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Yonglin Lai
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Hamish B. Hepburn
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Mark Dow
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & DevelopmentOperations, AstraZenecaMacclesfieldSK10 2NAUK
| | - Kirsten E. Christensen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Timothy J. Donohoe
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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6
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Kischkewitz M, Marinic B, Kratena N, Lai Y, Hepburn HB, Dow M, Christensen KE, Donohoe TJ. Evolution of the Dearomative Functionalization of Activated Quinolines and Isoquinolines: Expansion of the Electrophile Scope. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 134:e202204682. [PMID: 38505668 PMCID: PMC10946825 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Herein we disclose a mild protocol for the reductive functionalisation of quinolinium and isoquinolinium salts. The reaction proceeds under transition-metal-free conditions as well as under rhodium catalysis with very low catalyst loadings (0.01 mol %) and uses inexpensive formic acid as the terminal reductant. A wide range of electrophiles, including enones, imides, unsaturated esters and sulfones, β-nitro styrenes and aldehydes are intercepted by the in situ formed enamine species forming a large variety of substituted tetrahydro(iso)quinolines. Electrophiles are incorporated at the C-3 and C-4 position for quinolines and isoquinolines respectively, providing access to substitution patterns which are not favoured in electrophilic or nucleophilic aromatic substitution. Finally, this reactivity was exploited to facilitate three types of annulation reactions, giving rise to complex polycyclic products of a formal [3+3] or [4+2] cycloaddition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Kischkewitz
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Bruno Marinic
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Nicolas Kratena
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Yonglin Lai
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Hamish B. Hepburn
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Mark Dow
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & DevelopmentOperations, AstraZenecaMacclesfieldSK10 2NAUK
| | - Kirsten E. Christensen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Timothy J. Donohoe
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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7
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Hall CJJ, Marriott IS, Christensen KE, Day AJ, Goundry WRF, Donohoe TJ. Extension of hydrogen borrowing alkylation reactions for the total synthesis of (-)-γ-lycorane. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4966-4968. [PMID: 35348143 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01248k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis of (-)-γ-lycorane (10 steps) and synthesis of (±)-γ-lycorane (8 steps) was completed from cyclohexenone. A new two step hydrogen borrowing alkylation of an aziridinyl alcohol, coupled with a Ph* (Me5C6) deprotection/cyclisation procedure was developed for de novo formation of the fused 6,5 heterocyclic ring. This work is one of the first examples of hydrogen borrowing C-C bond formation being used as a key step in a total synthesis project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J J Hall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Indi S Marriott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Kirsten E Christensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Aaron J Day
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - William R F Goundry
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Timothy J Donohoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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8
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Bains AK, Kundu A, Maiti D, Adhikari D. Ligand-redox assisted nickel catalysis toward stereoselective synthesis of ( n+1)-membered cycloalkanes from 1, n-diols with methyl ketones. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14217-14223. [PMID: 34760207 PMCID: PMC8565367 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04261k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A well-defined, bench-stable nickel catalyst is presented here, that can facilitate double alkylation of a methyl ketone to realize a wide variety of cycloalkanes. The performance of the catalyst depends on the ligand redox process comprising an azo-hydrazo couple. The source of the bis electrophile in this double alkylation is a 1,n-diol, so that (n+1)-membered cycloalkanes can be furnished in a stereoselective manner. The reaction follows a cascade of dehydrogenation/hydrogenation reactions and adopts a borrowing hydrogen (BH) method. A thorough mechanistic analysis including the interception of key radical intermediates and DFT calculations supports the ligand radical-mediated dehydrogenation and hydrogenation reactions, which is quite rare in BH chemistry. In particular, this radical-promoted hydrogenation is distinctly different from conventional hydrogenations involving a metal hydride and complementary to the ubiquitous two-electron driven dehydrogenation/hydrogenation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amreen K Bains
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Mohali SAS Nagar Punjab-140306 India
| | - Abhishek Kundu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Mohali SAS Nagar Punjab-140306 India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai Mumbai-400076 India
| | - Debashis Adhikari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Mohali SAS Nagar Punjab-140306 India
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