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Lee TL, Elewa AM, Kotp MG, Chou HH, El-Mahdy AFM. Carbazole- and thiophene-containing conjugated microporous polymers with different planarity for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11968-11971. [PMID: 34704990 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04551b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of two carbazole-thiophene-based conjugated microporous polymers (Cz-3Th and Cz-4Th CMPs) with different degrees of planarity for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water. Depending upon the building linker's planarity, we found that the porous structure, hydrogen-evolution rate, and photocatalytic stability of the resultant CMPs varied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Lin Lee
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Ahmed M Elewa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Mohammed G Kotp
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Ho-Hsiu Chou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Ahmed F M El-Mahdy
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.
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Hong J, Kim S, Park G, Lee Y, Kim H, Kim S, Lee TW, Kim C, You Y. Chiral polymer hosts for circularly polarized electroluminescence devices. Chem Sci 2021; 12:8668-8681. [PMID: 34257865 PMCID: PMC8246120 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02095a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer electroluminescence devices producing circularly polarized luminescence (CP PLEDs) have valuable photonic applications. The fabrication of a CP PLED requires a polymer host that provides the appropriate chiral environment around the emitting dopant. However, chemical strategies for the design of chiral polymer hosts remain underdeveloped. We have developed new polymer hosts for CP PLED applications. These polymers were prepared through a free-radical polymerization of 3-vinylcarbazole with a chiral N-alkyl unit. This chiral unit forces the carbazole repeat units to form mutually helical half-sandwich conformers with preferred (P)-helical sense along the polymer main chain. Electronic circular dichroism measurements demonstrate the occurrence of chirality transfer from chiral monomers to achiral monomers during chain growth. The (P)-helical-sense-enriched polymer interacts diastereoselectively with an enantiomeric pair of new phosphorescent (R)- and (S)-dopants. The magnitude of the Kuhn dissymmetry factor (gabs) for the (P)-helically-enriched polymer film doped with the (R)-dopant was found to be one order of magnitude higher than that of the film doped with the (S)-dopant. Photoluminescence dissymmetry factors (gPL) of the order of 10−3 were recorded for the doped films, but the magnitude of diastereomeric enhancement decreased to that of gabs. The chiral polymer host permits faster energy transfer to the phosphorescent dopants than the achiral polymer host. Our photophysical and morphological investigations indicate that the acceleration in the chiral polymer host is due to its longer Förster radius and improved compatibility with the dopants. Finally, multilayer CP PLEDs were fabricated and evaluated. Devices based on the chiral polymer host with the (R)- and (S)-dopants exhibit electroluminescence dissymmetry factors (gEL) of 1.09 × 10−4 and −1.02 × 10−4 at a wavelength of 540 nm, respectively. Although challenges remain in the development of polymer hosts for CP PLEDs, our research demonstrates that chiroptical performances can be amplified by using chiral polymer hosts. Polymer electroluminescence devices producing circularly polarized luminescence (CP PLEDs) have valuable photonic applications.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayeon Hong
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Sangsub Kim
- Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Gyurim Park
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Yongmoon Lee
- Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungchae Kim
- Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjin Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Institute of Engineering Research, Nano Systems Institute (NSI), Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Changsoon Kim
- Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmin You
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
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Moon SH, Park KM, Kim J, Kang Y. Crystal structure and luminescence properties of 2-[(2',6'-dimeth-oxy-2,3'-bipyridin-6-yl)-oxy]-9-(pyridin-2-yl)-9 H-carbazole. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2019; 75:1646-1649. [PMID: 31709084 PMCID: PMC6829735 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989019013549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the title com-pound, C29H22N4O3, the carbazole system forms a dihedral angle of 68.45 (3)° with the mean plane of the bi-pyridine ring system. The bi-pyridine ring system, with two meth-oxy substituents, is approximately planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0670 Å), with a dihedral angle of 7.91 (13)° between the planes of the two pyridine rings. Intra-molecular C-H⋯O/N hydrogen bonds may promote the planarity of the bipyridyl ring system. In the pyridyl-substituted carbazole fragment, the pyridine ring is tilted by 56.65 (4)° with respect to the mean plane of the carbazole system (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0191 Å). In the crystal, adjacent mol-ecules are connected via C-H⋯O/N hydrogen bonds and C-H⋯π inter-actions, resulting in the formation of a three-dimensional (3D) supra-molecular network. In addition, the 3D structure contains inter-molecular π-π stacking inter-actions, with centroid-centroid distances of 3.5634 (12) Å between pyridine rings. The title com-pound exhibits a high energy gap (3.48 eV) and triplet energy (2.64 eV), indicating that it could be a suitable host material in organic light-emitting diode (OLED) applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Hee Moon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyungnam College of Information and Technology, Busan 47011, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Min Park
- Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Kim
- Division of Science Education & Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjin Kang
- Division of Science Education & Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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Liu X, Zhang Y, Fei X, Liao L, Fan J. 9,9′‐Bicarbazole: New Molecular Skeleton for Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes. Chemistry 2019; 25:4501-4508. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang‐Yang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional, Materials & DevicesJoint International Research Laboratory of, Carbon-Based Functional Materials and DevicesInstitute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P.R. China
| | - Yuan‐Lan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional, Materials & DevicesJoint International Research Laboratory of, Carbon-Based Functional Materials and DevicesInstitute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P.R. China
| | - Xiyu Fei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional, Materials & DevicesJoint International Research Laboratory of, Carbon-Based Functional Materials and DevicesInstitute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P.R. China
| | - Liang‐Sheng Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional, Materials & DevicesJoint International Research Laboratory of, Carbon-Based Functional Materials and DevicesInstitute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P.R. China
| | - Jian Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional, Materials & DevicesJoint International Research Laboratory of, Carbon-Based Functional Materials and DevicesInstitute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P.R. China
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5
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Synthesis of Novel Derivatives of Carbazole-Thiophene, Their Electronic Properties, and Computational Studies. J CHEM-NY 2016. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/9360230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of carbazole-thiophene dimers,P1–P9, were synthesized using Suzuki-Miyaura and Ullmann coupling reactions. InP1–P9, carbazole-thiophenes were linked at the N-9 position for different core groups via biphenyl, dimethylbiphenyl, and phenyl. Electronic properties were evaluated by UV-Vis, cyclic voltammogram, and theoretical calculations. Particularly, the effects of conjugation connectivity on photophysical and electrochemical properties, as well as the correlation between carbazole-thiophene and the core, were studied. Carbazole connecting with thiophenes at the 3,6-positions and the phenyl group as a core group leads to increased stabilization of HOMO and LUMO energy levels where the bandgap (ΔE) is significantly reduced.
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Li L, Wang P, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Chen Z, He C. Synthesis, one and two-photon optical properties of two asymmetrical and symmetrical carbazole derivatives containing quinoline ring. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Saranya G, Kolandaivel P, Senthilkumar K. Opto-electronic properties of low band gap fused-ring thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine analogues – A theoretical study. Mol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2013.766368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8
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Karpicz R, Puzinas S, Sulskus J, Malickaja S, Grigalevicius S, Gulbinas V. Electronic properties of carbazole–fluorene–benzothiadiazole compounds revealed by time resolved spectroscopy and quantum chemistry calculations. Chem Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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9
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Mbarek M, Zaidi B, Alimi K. Theoretical study of the alkoxyls groups effect on PPV-ether excited states, a relationship with femtosecond decay. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 88:23-30. [PMID: 22204884 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Based on Density Functional Theory (DFT), the effect of alkoxyl substituents groups on the excited states of new PPV derivative (PPV-ether) are studied. Thus differences on the relaxation energy, the atomic charge distribution and the conjugation length at their excited state are interpreted on the pathways of the nature on the emissive species. Photoluminescence and optical spectra of the corresponding modeling structures are carried out. Furthermore, the life time at the excited state are emphasized either theoretically from oscillator strength or experimentally from time resolved photoluminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mbarek
- Unité de Recherche, Matériaux Nouveaux et Dispositifs Electroniques Organiques, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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Saranya G, Kolandaivel P, Senthilkumar K. Optical absorption and emission properties of fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, and their derivatives. A DFT study. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:14647-56. [PMID: 22077554 DOI: 10.1021/jp208617s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fluoranthene and benzo[k]fluoranthene-based oligoarenes are good candidates for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). In this work, the electronic structure and optical properties of fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, and their derivatives have been studied using quantum chemical methods. The ground-state structures were optimized using the density functional theory (DFT) methods. The lowest singlet excited state was optimized using time-dependent density functional theory (TD-B3LYP) and configuration interaction singles (CIS) methods. On the basis of ground- and excited-state geometries, the absorption and emission spectra have been calculated using the TD-DFT method with a variety of exchange-correlation functionals. All the calculations were carried out in chloroform medium. The results show that the absorption and emission spectra calculated using the B3LYP functional is in good agreement with the available experimental results. Unlikely, the meta hybrid functionals such as M06HF and M062X underestimate the absorption and emission spectra of all the studied molecules. The calculated absorption and emission wavelength are more or less basis set independent. It has been observed that the substitution of an aromatic ring significantly alters the absorption and emission spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Saranya
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India-641 046
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11
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El Malki Z, Bouzzine SM, Bejjit L, Haddad M, Hamidi M, Bouachrine M. Density functional theory [B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)] study of a new copolymer based on carbazole and (3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene) in their aromatic and polaronic states. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Chemek M, Ayachi S, Hlel A, Wéry J, Lefrant S, Alimi K. A theoretical investigation on the properties of the new poly(N-vinylcarbazole)-3-methylthiophene (PVK-3MeT) synthesized graft copolymer. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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13
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Shi HP, Cheng Y, Jing WJ, Chao JB, Fang L, Dong X, Dong C. Experimental and theoretical study of a new carbazole derivative having terminal benzimidazole rings. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2010; 75:525-532. [PMID: 20015681 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2009.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2009] [Revised: 10/29/2009] [Accepted: 11/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A novel intramolecular donor-acceptor compound has been synthesized and characterized. This compound was a symmetrical A-pi-D-pi-A type molecule containing two benzimidazole rings as two electron acceptors (A) and an N-ethylcarbazole group as electron donors (D). The absorption and emission spectra of the compound were determined by experimental methods in solution and were computed by using the density functional theory (DFT) and the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) in gas phase and in chloroform solution. The calculated absorption and emission wavelengths were in good agreement with the experimental ones. The fluorescence quantum yields and fluorescence lifetimes of the compound in several solvents have been studied by means of steady state and time resolved fluorescence. The results showed the compound had high quantum yield. The cross-section of two-photon absorption (TPA) of the compound was measured by using femtosecond laser in dichloromethane solution. The result indicated the cross-section maximum of two-photon absorption was 430 GM at 600 nm. These results made the compound of great interest as a new fluorescent probe and photoluminescence material.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-ping Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China.
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Poolmee P, Hannongbua S. Investigation of excited-state properties of fluorene-thiophene oligomers by the SAC-CI theoretical approach. J Comput Chem 2010; 31:1945-55. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.21490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Suramitr S, Meeto W, Wolschann P, Hannongbua S. Understanding on absorption and fluorescence electronic transitions of carbazole-based conducting polymers: TD-DFT approaches. Theor Chem Acc 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-009-0655-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Chidthong R, Hannongbua S. Excited state properties, fluorescence energies, and lifetimes of a poly(fluorene-phenylene), based on TD-DFT investigation. J Comput Chem 2009; 31:1450-7. [PMID: 19862813 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.21429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The structural and electronic properties of fluorene-phenylene copolymer (FP)(n), n = 1-4 were studied by means of quantum chemical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) using B3LYP functional. Geometry optimizations of these oligomers were performed for the ground state and the lowest singlet excited state. It was found that (FP)(n) is nonplanar in its ground state while the electronic excitations lead to planarity in its S(1) state. Absorption and fluorescence energies were calculated using TD-B3LYP/SVP and TD-B3LYP/SVP+ methods. Vertical excitation energies and fluorescence energies were obtained by extrapolating these values to infinite chain length, resulting in extrapolated values for vertical excitation energy of 2.89 and 2.87 eV, respectively. The S(1) <-- S(0) electronic excitation is characterized as a highest occupied molecular orbital to lowest unoccupied molecular orbital transition and is distinguishing in terms of oscillator strength. Fluorescence energies of (FP)(n) calculated from TD-B3LYP/SVP and TD-B3LYP/SVP+ methods are 2.27 and 2.26 eV, respectively. Radiative lifetimes are predicted to be 0.55 and 0.51 ns for TD-B3LYP/SVP and TD-B3LYP/SVP+ calculations, respectively. These fundamental information are valuable data in designing and making of promising materials for LED materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rungtiwa Chidthong
- Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand.
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17
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Gong Z, Lagowski JB. Theoretical study of the structures and electronic properties of the dimers of fluorene and carbazole and their derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2008.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Zhao X, Liu Y, Meng K, Zeng Q, Wang S, Gong Q. Static and time-resolved spectroscopy of carbazole-based oligomers with phenylene/thiophene/furan. Chem Phys Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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19
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Shen YM, Grampp G, Leesakul N, Hu HW, Xu JH. Synthesis and Emitting Properties of the Blue-Light Fluorophores Indolizino[3,4,5-ab]isoindole Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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20
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C.-Basurto J, Aburto J, T.-Ferrara J, Torres E. Ligand recognition by chloroperoxidase using molecular interaction fields and quantum chemistry calculations. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/08927020701342041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Conformational analysis and electronic transition of carbazole-based oligomers as explained by density functional theory. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2006.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Belletête M, Blouin N, Boudreault PLT, Leclerc M, Durocher G. Optical and Photophysical Properties of Indolocarbazole Derivatives. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:13696-704. [PMID: 17181323 DOI: 10.1021/jp066143a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present a study of the optical and photophysical properties of five ladder indolo[3,2-b]carbazoles, namely, M1, M2, M3, M4, and M5. The ground-state optimized structures were obtained by B3LYP/6-31G* density functional theory (DFT) calculations, whereas the optimization (relaxation) of the first singlet excited electronic state (S1) was performed using the restricted configuration interaction (singles) (RCIS/6-31G*) approach. The excitation to the S1 state does not cause important changes in the geometrical parameters of the compounds, as corroborated by the small Stokes shifts. The excitation and emission energies have been obtained by employing the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). For all the compounds, excitation to the S1 state is weakly allowed, whereas the S2 <-- S0 electronic transition of each oligomer possesses a much larger oscillator strength. The absorption and fluorescence spectra of the compounds have been recorded in chloroform. A reasonable agreement is obtained between TDDFT vertical transition energies and the (0,0) absorption and fluorescence bands. On one hand, the pattern of the aliphatic side chains does not affect the absorption and fluorescence maxima of the compounds. On the other hand, the replacement of aliphatic chains by phenyl or thiophene rings induces hypsochromic shifts in the absorption and fluorescence spectra. Finally, the fluorescence quantum yield and lifetime of the compounds in chloroform have been obtained. From these data, the radiative and nonradiative rate constants of the deactivation of the S1 state have been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Belletête
- Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7 Canada
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Mizuyama N, Tominaga Y, Kohra S, Ueda K, Hirayama SI, Shigemitsu Y. Synthesis and Steady-State Spectroscopic Study of 5-Aryl-2,2′-bipyridyls. New Fluorescent Compounds in Solid State. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2006. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.79.602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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de Sainte Claire P. Molecular Simulation of Excimer Fluorescence in Polystyrene and Poly(vinylcarbazole). J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:7334-43. [PMID: 16599507 DOI: 10.1021/jp056987e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In fluorescence emission spectra of poly(vinylcarbazole) (PVK), two types of excimers are observed, the fully and the partially overlapped excimers, namely, excimers and exciplexes. In this work, we investigated the structural changes induced by the transition between electronic levels S(0) and S(1). Furthermore, the widely used assumption of similar potential energy surfaces in the S(0) and S(1) states and its use in molecular dynamics simulations are thoroughly examined for PVK and polystyrene (PS). The ground-state and excited-state intermolecular potentials between phenyl or carbazyl substituents in PS or PVK, respectively, are computed from high-level ab initio calculations and fit to analytic potentials. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations are performed at room temperature for PS and for isotactic and syndiotactic PVK. This treatment enabled the decoupling of excimer and exciplex contributions from the simulated spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal de Sainte Claire
- Laboratoire de Photochimie Moléculaire et Macromoléculaire, Ensemble Universitaire des Cézeaux, UMR CNRS 6505, Université Blaise Pascal de Clermont-Ferrand, F-63177 Aubière Cedex, France.
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25
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Belletête M, Wakim S, Leclerc M, Durocher G. Emission energies and photophysical properties of ladder oligo(p-aniline)s. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2005.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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26
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Poolmee P, Ehara M, Hannongbua S, Nakatsuji H. SAC–CI theoretical investigation on electronic structure of fluorene–thiophene oligomers. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.03.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Belletête M, Morin JF, Leclerc M, Durocher G. A Theoretical, Spectroscopic, and Photophysical Study of 2,7-Carbazolenevinylene-Based Conjugated Derivatives. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:6953-9. [PMID: 16834054 DOI: 10.1021/jp051349h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A combined theoretical and experimental study of the structure, optical, and photophysical properties of four 2,7-carbazolenevinylene-based derivatives in solution is presented. Geometry optimizations of the ground states of PCP, PCP-CN, TCT, and TCT-CN were carried out using the density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP/6-31G*). It is found that PCP and TCT are nearly planar in their ground electronic states (S0), whereas the cyano derivatives are more twisted. The nature and the energy of the first singlet-singlet electronic transitions have been obtained from time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations performed on the optimized geometries. For all the compounds, excitation to the S1 state corresponds mainly to the promotion of one electron from the highest-occupied molecular orbital to the lowest-unoccupied molecular orbital, and the S1 <-- S0 electronic transition is strongly allowed and polarized along the long axis of the molecular frame. The optimization (relaxation) of the first singlet excited electronic state (S1) has been done using the restricted configuration interaction (singles) (RCIS/6-31G*) approach. It is observed that all four investigated compounds become more planar in their S1 relaxed excited state. Electronic transition energies from the relaxed excited states have been obtained from TDDFT calculations performed on the S1-optimized geometries. The absorption and fluorescence spectra of the carbazolenevinylenes have been recorded in chloroform. A good agreement is obtained between TDDFT vertical transitions energies and the (0,0) absorption and fluorescence bands. The change from phenylene to thiophene rings as well as the incorporation of cyano substituents induce bathochromic shifts in the absorption and fluorescence spectra. From the analysis of the energy of the frontier molecular orbitals, it is believed that thiophene rings and CN substituents induce some charge-transfer character to the first electronic transition, which is responsible for the red shifts observed. Finally, the fluorescence quantum yield and the lifetime of the compounds in chloroform have been obtained. In sharp contrast with many oligothiophenes, it is observed that TCT possesses a high fluorescence quantum yield. On the other hand, the CN-containing derivatives exhibit much lower fluorescence quantum yields, probably due to the combined influence of steric effects and charge-transfer interactions caused by the cyano groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Belletête
- Laboratoire de photophysique moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
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Belletête M, Durocher G, Hamel S, Côte M, Wakim S, Leclerc M. A first principles calculations and experimental study of the ground- and excited-state properties of ladder oligo(p-aniline)s. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:104303. [PMID: 15839725 DOI: 10.1063/1.1857477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular structure of three ladder oligo(p-aniline)s, 5,11-diethyl-6,12-dimethylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (DIMER 2P), 14-ethyl-5,8-dihydro-diindolo[3,2-b:2',3'-h]carbazole (TRIMER 2P), and 5,8,14-triethyl-diindolo[3,2-b:2',3'-h]carbazole (TRIMER 3P) were investigated by first principles calculations at the Hartree-Fock (HF6-31G*) and density functional theory (DFTB3LYP6-31G*) levels. It is found that the agreement between theoretical and x-ray geometrical parameters is good and rather similar for both theoretical methods. The nature and the energy of the first two singlet-singlet electronic transitions have been obtained by Zerner intermediate neglect of differential overlap/spectroscopy semiempirical calculations performed on the HF6-31G* and DFTB3LYP6-31G* optimized geometries, as well as time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations performed on the DFTB3LYP6-31G* optimized structures. For all the compounds and for all the theoretical approaches, it is observed that the S(1)<--S(0) electronic transition (pipi*) is weakly allowed and polarized along the short axis (y) of the molecule. On the other hand, the S(2)<--S(0) electronic transition of each oligomer possesses a much larger oscillator strength and is polarized along the long (x) molecular axis. It is found that TDDFT calculations provide the best overall agreement between the energies and the corresponding optical transitions obtained from the absorption bands (0-0 peaks) measured in dichloromethane as well as providing a good evaluation of the bathochromic shifts caused by the increase in the conjugation length or by the presence of extra alkyl chains on the nitrogen atoms in TRIMER 3P compared to TRIMER 2P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Belletête
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
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Belletête M, Bouchard J, Leclerc M, Durocher G. Photophysics and Solvent-Induced Aggregation of 2,7-Carbazole-Based Conjugated Polymers. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma048202t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Belletête
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Qc, Canada H3C 3J7, and Canada Research Chair in Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Centre de recherche en sciences et ingénierie des macromolécules, Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Qc, Canada G1K 7P4
| | - Jimmy Bouchard
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Qc, Canada H3C 3J7, and Canada Research Chair in Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Centre de recherche en sciences et ingénierie des macromolécules, Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Qc, Canada G1K 7P4
| | - Mario Leclerc
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Qc, Canada H3C 3J7, and Canada Research Chair in Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Centre de recherche en sciences et ingénierie des macromolécules, Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Qc, Canada G1K 7P4
| | - Gilles Durocher
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Qc, Canada H3C 3J7, and Canada Research Chair in Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Centre de recherche en sciences et ingénierie des macromolécules, Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Qc, Canada G1K 7P4
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