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The Physiological Roles of Vitamin E and Hypovitaminosis E in the Transition Period of High-Yielding Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11041088. [PMID: 33920342 PMCID: PMC8070221 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In high-yield cows, most production diseases occur during transition periods. Alpha-tocopherol, the most biologically active form of vitamin E, declines in blood and reaches the lowest levels (hypovitaminosis E) around calving. Hypovitaminosis E is associated with the incidence of peripartum diseases. Therefore, many studies which have been published for more than 30 years have investigated the effects of α-tocopherol supplementation. This α-tocopherol deficiency was thought to be caused by complex factors. However, until recently, the physiological factors or pathways underlying hypovitaminosis E in the transition period have been poorly understood. In the last 10 years, the α-tocopherol-related genes expression, which regulate the metabolism, transportation, and tissue distribution of α-tocopherol in humans and rodents, has been reported in ruminant tissues. In this paper, we discuss at least six physiological phenomena that occur during the transition period and may be candidate factors predisposing to a decreased blood α-tocopherol level and hypovitaminosis E with changes in α-tocopherol-related genes expression. Abstract Levels of alpha-tocopherol (α-Toc) decline gradually in blood throughout prepartum, reaching lowest levels (hypovitaminosis E) around calving. Despite numerous reports about the disease risk in hypovitaminosis E and the effect of α-Toc supplementation on the health of transition dairy cows, its risk and supplemental effects are controversial. Here, we present some novel data about the disease risk of hypovitaminosis E and the effects of α-Toc supplementation in transition dairy cows. These data strongly demonstrate that hypovitaminosis E is a risk factor for the occurrence of peripartum disease. Furthermore, a study on the effectiveness of using serum vitamin levels as biomarkers to predict disease in dairy cows was reported, and a rapid field test for measuring vitamin levels was developed. By contrast, evidence for how hypovitaminosis E occurred during the transition period was scarce until the 2010s. Pioneering studies conducted with humans and rodents have identified and characterised some α-Toc-related proteins, molecular players involved in α-Toc regulation followed by a study in ruminants from the 2010s. Based on recent literature, the six physiological factors: (1) the decline in α-Toc intake from the close-up period; (2) changes in the digestive and absorptive functions of α-Toc; (3) the decline in plasma high-density lipoprotein as an α-Toc carrier; (4) increasing oxidative stress and consumption of α-Toc; (5) decreasing hepatic α-Toc transfer to circulation; and (6) increasing mammary α-Toc transfer from blood to colostrum, may be involved in α-Toc deficiency during the transition period. However, the mechanisms and pathways are poorly understood, and further studies are needed to understand the physiological role of α-Toc-related molecules in cattle. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying hypovitaminosis E will contribute to the prevention of peripartum disease and high performance in dairy cows.
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Parisi C, Guerriero G. Antioxidative Defense and Fertility Rate in the Assessment of Reprotoxicity Risk Posed by Global Warming. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E622. [PMID: 31817462 PMCID: PMC6943697 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8120622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review is to briefly summarize the recent progress in studies done on the assessment of reprotoxicity risk posed by global warming for the foundation of strategic tool in ecosystem-based adaptation. The selected animal data analysis that was used in this paper focuses on antioxidative markers and fertility rate estimated over the period 2000-2019. We followed a phylogenetic methodology in order to report data on a panel of selected organisms that show dangerous effects. The oxidative damage studies related to temperature fluctuation occurring in biosentinels of different invertebrate and vertebrate classes show a consistently maintained physiological defense. Furthermore, the results from homeothermic and poikilothermic species in our study highlight the influence of temperature rise on reprotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costantino Parisi
- Comparative Endocrinology Lab, Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy;
- Laboratory of Zebrafish Developmental Genomics, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Giulia Guerriero
- Comparative Endocrinology Lab, Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Research Centre for Environment, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Naples, Italy
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Boni R. Heat stress, a serious threat to reproductive function in animals and humans. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:1307-1323. [PMID: 30767310 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Global warming represents a major stressful environmental condition that compromises the reproductive efficiency of animals and humans via a rise of body temperature above its physiological homeothermic point (heat stress [HS]). The injuries caused by HS on reproductive function involves both male and female components, fertilization mechanisms as well as the early and late stages of embryo-fetal development. This occurrence causes great economic damage in livestock, and, in wild animals creates selective pressure towards the advantages of better-adapted genotypes to the detriment of others. Humans undergo several types of stress, including heat, and these represent putative causes of ongoing progressive decay in procreation; an increasing number of remedies in the form of antioxidant preparations are now being proposed to counteract the effects of stress. This review aims to describe the results of the most recent studies that aimed to highlight these effects and to draw information on the mechanisms acting as the basis of this problem from a comparative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Boni
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
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Chinchilla-Vargas J, Jahnke MM, Dohlman TM, Rothschild MF, Gunn PJ. Climatic factors affecting quantity and quality grade of in vivo derived embryos of cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 192:53-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Li Y, Wang J, Zhang Z, Yi J, He C, Wang F, Tian X, Yang M, Song Y, He P, Liu G. Resveratrol compares with melatonin in improving in vitro porcine oocyte maturation under heat stress. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2016; 7:33. [PMID: 27274843 PMCID: PMC4891897 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-016-0093-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Resveratrol, an important phyto-antioxidant commonly found in grapes, mulberry, and other plants, has a variety of functions including anti-aging, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. In the current study, we investigated the beneficial effects of resveratrol on in vitro porcine oocyte maturation under heat stress (HS). The effect of resveratrol, melatonin and their combination on alleviating HS was compared according to the maturation rate of oocytes and the development competence of embryos after parthenogenetic activation (PA). Results Supplementation with resveratrol (2.0 μmol/L) not only improved the nuclear maturation but also raised the blastocyst rate of porcine embryos’ PA from oocytes that underwent HS by increasing their glutathione (GSH) level, reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and up-regulating the expression of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). It was also found that melatonin (10−7 mol/L) and the combination of resveratrol (2.0 μmol/L) plus melatonin (10−7 mol/L) exhibited more potent effects than resveratrol alone regarding their protective activities on oocyte maturation under HS. Conclusions This study compared the efficiencies of resveratrol, melatonin and their combination for protecting porcine oocytes from heat stress. The mechanisms are attributed to the fact that each treatment may have different ability to regulate the synthesis of steroid hormones and the expression of mature related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Jing Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Jinyun Yi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin China
| | - Changjiu He
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Feng Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Xiuzhi Tian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Minghui Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Yukun Song
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Pingli He
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Guoshi Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
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Ferreira RM, Chiaratti MR, Macabelli CH, Rodrigues CA, Ferraz ML, Watanabe YF, Smith LC, Meirelles FV, Baruselli PS. The Infertility of Repeat-Breeder Cows During Summer Is Associated with Decreased Mitochondrial DNA and Increased Expression of Mitochondrial and Apoptotic Genes in Oocytes1. Biol Reprod 2016; 94:66. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.133017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Hu S, Liu H, Pan Z, Xia L, Dong X, Li L, Xu F, He H, Wang J. Molecular cloning, expression profile and transcriptional modulation of two splice variants of very low density lipoprotein receptor during ovarian follicle development in geese (Anser cygnoide). Anim Reprod Sci 2014; 149:281-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Effects of heat shock during the early stage of oocyte maturation on the meiotic progression, subsequent embryonic development and gene expression in ovine. ZYGOTE 2014; 23:573-82. [DOI: 10.1017/s0967199414000203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SummaryHeat shock may affect different aspects of oocyte maturation and its subsequent development to the blastocyst stage. A series of in vitro experiments was performed to determine whether physiologically heat shock (41°C) disrupts the progression of the ovine oocytes through meiosis, activation and blastocyst formation. Cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) were aspirated from 2–6-mm follicles and cultured at 38.5°C (control) or 41°C (heat shock) for the first 12 h of maturation. The oocytes were incubated at 38.5°C during the last 10 h of maturation and 8 days after activation. Results showed that most of the oocytes matured under heat-shock conditions remained at the germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) stage and they showed an aberrant chromatin configuration. After heat shock, oocyte diameter and time spent for zona pellucida dissolution increased (P < 0.05). The heat-shocked group had a higher percentage of oocytes with incomplete migration of cortical granules (P < 0.05). The heat-shock condition decreased (P < 0.05) cleavage rates (56.19 versus 89.28%) and morula formation (26.85 versus 37.81%). However, there was no significant difference in blastocyst formation and percentage of hatched blastocysts. At 12 h, heat shock had an adverse effect on embryo quality and reduced inner cell mass number (P < 0.05). Quantitative gene expression analysis showed greater transcripts (P < 0.05) for Na/K-ATPase mRNA in heat-shocked oocytes. To sum up, heat shock has disruptive effects on ovine oocyte maturation and can impair cellular and molecular factors that are important for embryo development.
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Mesilati-Stahy R, Mida K, Argov-Argaman N. Size-dependent lipid content of bovine milk fat globule and membrane phospholipids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:7427-7435. [PMID: 21623627 DOI: 10.1021/jf201373j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The mammary epithelial cell produces unique structures and a range of diversely sized lipid particles from tens of micrometers to less than 1 μm. The physical, chemical, and biological properties of the differently sized milk fat globules (MFGs) and their complex membranes are not well described. Six size fractions of MFGs were obtained by gravity-based separation and analyzed, and their partial lipidome was determined. The smallest MFGs had a higher concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs). The FAs indicative of elongase activity were highest in the smallest MFGs, whereas those FAs indicative of desaturase activity did not differ between size groups. The phosphatidylinositol concentration was highest whereas the phosphatidylserine concentration was lowest in MFGs with an average diameter of 2 μm. Phosphatidylethanolamine and cholesterol concentrations were highest whereas that of sphingomyelin was lowest in MFGs with an average diameter of 3 μm. Phosphatidylcholine concentrations did not vary between the size groups. Results suggest that the assembly of milk fat globules that differ in size is not a homogeneous nor random process and that the differences in composition may reflect discrete biosynthetic routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Mesilati-Stahy
- Department of Animal Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Oliveira Filho B, Toniollo G, Oliveira A, Viu M, Ferraz H, Lopes D, Gambarini M. The effect of offering an energy and protein supplement to grazing canchim beef cows either postpartum or both pre- and postpartum on lipid blood metabolites and folliculogenesis. Anim Reprod Sci 2010; 121:39-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2010.04.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Revised: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Liu HY, Zhao K, Zhou MM, Wang C, Ye JA, Liu JX. Cytoprotection of vitamin E on hyperthermia-induced damage in bovine mammary epithelial cells. J Therm Biol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2010.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
Heat stress can have large effects on most aspects of reproductive function in mammals. These include disruptions in spermatogenesis and oocyte development, oocyte maturation, early embryonic development, foetal and placental growth and lactation. These deleterious effects of heat stress are the result of either the hyperthermia associated with heat stress or the physiological adjustments made by the heat-stressed animal to regulate body temperature. Many effects of elevated temperature on gametes and the early embryo involve increased production of reactive oxygen species. Genetic adaptation to heat stress is possible both with respect to regulation of body temperature and cellular resistance to elevated temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Hansen
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, PO Box 110910, Gainesville, FL 32611-0910, USA.
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Feuermann Y, Mabjeesh SJ, Shamay A. Mammary Fat Can Adjust Prolactin Effect on Mammary Epithelial Cells via Leptin and Estrogen. Int J Endocrinol 2009; 2009:427260. [PMID: 20049155 PMCID: PMC2798110 DOI: 10.1155/2009/427260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Revised: 08/13/2009] [Accepted: 08/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin, like estrogen, is one of the endo/paracrine factors, which are synthesized in and secreted from mature adipocytes. The roles of the mammary fat pad and mammary adipocytes in the initiation of lactation are not clear. In this study, we showed that combination of prolactin, leptin and estrogen elevated the expression of the milk protein beta-lactoglobulin. We also showed that after prolactin stimulate the secretion of leptin from the mammary fat, leptin upregulated the expression of estrogen receptor alpha in the mammary epithelial cells. Also, prolactin affected aromatase mRNA expression in the bovine mammary fat and we demonstrated that leptin and prolactin can affect cholesterol secretion from explants in culture to the medium. Therefore, we suggest that prolactin initiates estrogen expression (as represented by aromatase mRNA) in the mammary fat pad, whereas leptin stimulates estrogen receptor alpha expression in the mammary epithelial cells. We hypothesize that leptin and estrogen, secreted from the mammary fat regulate lactation after stimulation of prolactin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonatan Feuermann
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Sameer J. Mabjeesh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Avi Shamay
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
- *Avi Shamay:
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Du J, Di HS, Guo L, Li ZH, Wang GL. Hyperthermia causes bovine mammary epithelial cell death by a mitochondrial-induced pathway. J Therm Biol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2007.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Hansen PJ. Exploitation of genetic and physiological determinants of embryonic resistance to elevated temperature to improve embryonic survival in dairy cattle during heat stress. Theriogenology 2007; 68 Suppl 1:S242-9. [PMID: 17482669 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Heat stress causes large reductions in fertility in lactating dairy cows. The magnitude and geographical extent of this problem is increasing because improvements in milk yield have made it more difficult for cows to regulate body temperature during warm weather. There have been efforts to improve fertility during heat stress by exploiting determinants of oocyte and embryonic responses to elevated temperature. Among these determinants are genotype, stage of development, and presence of cytoprotective molecules in the reproductive tract. One effective strategy for increasing pregnancy rate during heat stress is to use embryo transfer to bypass effects of elevated temperature on the oocyte and early embryo. Pregnancy success to embryo transfer in the summer can be further improved by exposure of embryos to insulin-like growth factor-I during culture before transfer. Among the cytoprotective molecules that have been examined for enhancing fertility during heat stress are bovine somatotropin and various antioxidants. To date, an effective method for delivery of these molecules to increase fertility during heat stress has not been identified. Genes in cattle exist for regulation of body temperature and for cellular resistance to elevated temperature. Although largely unidentified, the existence of these genes offers the possibility for their incorporation into dairy breeds through crossbreeding or on an individual-gene basis. In summary, physiological or genetic manipulation of the cow to improve embryonic resistance to elevated temperature is a promising approach for enhancing fertility of lactating dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Hansen
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, PO Box 110910, Gainesville, FL 32611-0910, USA.
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Argov N, Sklan D, Arieli A. Role for LDL in estradiol-synthesis capacity of bovine ovarian follicles. Livest Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2006.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Argov N, Sklan D, Zeron Y, Roth Z. Association between seasonal changes in fatty-acid composition, expression of VLDL receptor and bovine sperm quality. Theriogenology 2007; 67:878-85. [PMID: 17157373 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2006] [Accepted: 10/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reduced reproductive performance of dairy cows during the summer is often associated with elevated temperature. Semen collected and cryopreserved during the summer may be of low quality and might contribute to the compromised fertility of dairy cows during this season. The present study examined the association between seasonality, semen quality and its potential to survive cryopreservation. A comparison between semen collected during the summer (July to August) and that collected during the winter (November to December) revealed the summer semen to be inferior, as reflected by low motility and high mortality of sperm. Furthermore, samples that were defined as good quality had changes in lipid concentration and fatty-acid composition in both the seminal plasma and cell compartment. In particular, semen collected during the summer had reduced levels of polyunsaturated arachidonic acid (20:4; P<0.05) and decreased levels of linoleic acid (18:2; P<0.05) in the cell compartment; corresponding reductions in cholesterol (P<0.06) and fatty-acid concentrations (P<0.001) were detected in seminal plasma of semen collected during the summer. In addition, we provided the first evidence for the existence of a very-low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLr) in bovine sperm, suggesting a mechanism for sperm utilization of extracellular lipids. Interestingly, the expression of VLDLr was three-fold greater in samples collected during the winter than in those collected in the summer (P<0.01) and was negatively associated with saturated fatty-acid concentration (P<0.018) but not with that of cholesterol. An opposite pattern was noted for samples obtained during the summer; mRNA expression of VLDLr was negatively associated with cholesterol concentration (P<0.01) but not with that of saturated fatty acids. Such modifications associated with extracellular lipid utilization and fatty-acid composition might explain, in part, the reduced quality of summer semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurit Argov
- Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Renaville B, Comin A, Fazzini U, Marchini E, Maiero S, Marchi V, Prandi A. Estrogen to progesterone ratio affects hormonal and lipid follicular fluid profiles in dairy cows. Reprod Med Biol 2007; 6:45-51. [PMID: 29699264 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0578.2007.00164.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The present study described hormonal and lipids concentrations of follicles that develop under high progesterone plasmatic levels, mimicking the second follicular wave. Methods: All follicles were removed by aspiration in order to generate a new follicular wave. Follicular fluid was then obtained from either 3 day old follicles (F3) or 6 day old follicles (F6). This experimental protocol was carried out at 20 days and 90 days post-partum on Frisian dairy cows that had already returned to cyclicity. Results: Estrogen active follicles (ratio of estrogen to progesterone in follicular fluid higher than 1) have higher levels of VEGF, IGF-I and linoleic acid, and have lower levels of NEFA, oleic and arachidonic acid. Non-estrogen active follicular fluid concentrations of IGF-I and NEFA were similar to plasma concentrations. In contrast, estrogen active follicles showed higher IGF-I and lower NEFA levels than plasmatic ones that could be used to sustain follicular growth. Conclusions: The results show that estrogen active follicles might have their own metabolism. (Reprod Med Biol 2007; 6: 45-51).
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedicte Renaville
- Department of Food Science, Veterinary Physiology and Nutrition Laboratory, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Antonella Comin
- Department of Food Science, Veterinary Physiology and Nutrition Laboratory, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Uberto Fazzini
- Department of Food Science, Veterinary Physiology and Nutrition Laboratory, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Elena Marchini
- Department of Food Science, Veterinary Physiology and Nutrition Laboratory, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Stefano Maiero
- Department of Food Science, Veterinary Physiology and Nutrition Laboratory, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Vittorio Marchi
- Department of Food Science, Veterinary Physiology and Nutrition Laboratory, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Alberto Prandi
- Department of Food Science, Veterinary Physiology and Nutrition Laboratory, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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