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Lin C, Lin CC, Kuo FW, Tsai S. Wild coral oocytes are more amenable to low temperature preservation than cultured counterparts. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 183:105831. [PMID: 36444795 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have examined the biochemical differences between cultured and wild coral after undergoing low-temperature preservation. The present study aimed to explore the differences in the biochemical characteristics of cultured and wild coral cells and oocytes (Echinopora gemmacea and Oxypora lacera) in cryopreservation conditions. Wild and cultured coral cells were extracted and subjected to freezing experiments involving multiple types and concentrations of cryoprotectant, and the oocytes from the cultured and wild corals were subjected to chilling experiments. Cultured and wild coral cells exhibited no significant differences in viability or cell density after cryopreservation, whereas the oocytes from the cultured corals E. gemmacea and O. lacera exhibited lower chilling tolerance compared with their wild counterparts. Significant differences were observed between the oocytes from the cultured and wild corals after low-temperature preservation, particularly in their metabolic activity and vital status, which could be possibly attributed to food consumption and environmental factors. The study provides a foundation for research promoting the technological development of artificial coral propagation and cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiahsin Lin
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Chia Lin
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Wen Kuo
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Sujune Tsai
- Department of Post Modern Agriculture, Mingdao University, Chang Hua, Taiwan.
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2
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Gallo A, Esposito MC, Boni R, Tosti E. Oocyte quality assessment in marine invertebrates: a novel approach by fluorescence spectroscopy. Biol Res 2022; 55:34. [DOI: 10.1186/s40659-022-00403-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The assessment of oocyte quality is, nowadays, a major challenge in aquaculture, oocyte cryopreservation, and environmental science. Oocyte quality is a determining factor in fertilization and embryo development; however, there is still a lack of rapid and sensitive cellular markers for its assessment. Currently, its estimation is predominantly based on morphological analysis, which is subjective and does not consistently reflect the developmental competence of the oocytes. Despite several recent studies investigating molecular markers related to oocyte quality, methods currently available for their determination pose various technical challenges and limitations. In this study, we developed a novel approach based on fluorescence spectroscopy to assess different intrinsic physiological parameters that can be employed to evaluate egg quality in marine invertebrates that are widely used as animal models such as sea urchins and mussels.
Results
Different physiological parameters, such as viability, mitochondrial activity, intracellular ROS levels, plasma membrane lipid peroxidation, and intracellular pH, for egg quality evaluation have been successfully assessed in sea urchins and mussels by using specific fluorescent dyes and detecting the fluorescent signals in eggs through fluorescence spectroscopy.
Conclusions
Based on our findings, we propose these physiological markers as useful predictors of egg quality in marine invertebrates; they can be estimated rapidly, selectively, and sensitively by employing this novel approach, which, due to the speed of analysis, the low cost, and easy use can be considered a powerful analytical tool for the egg quality assessment.
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Toh EC, Liu KL, Tsai S, Lin C. Cryopreservation and Cryobanking of Cells from 100 Coral Species. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172668. [PMID: 36078076 PMCID: PMC9454506 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
When coral species become extinct, their genetic resources cannot be recovered. Coral cryobanks can be employed to preserve coral samples and thereby maintain the availability of the samples and increase their potential to be restocked. In this study, we developed a procedure to determine coral species-specific requirements for cryobank freezing through determining suitable cryoprotective agents (CPAs), CPA concentrations, equilibration times, holding durations, viability rates, and cell amounts for banked coral cells, and we established the first ever coral cell cryobank. Coral cells, including supporting and gland cells, epidermal nematocysts, Symbiodiniaceae and symbiotic endoderm cells (SEC) were found from the extracted protocol. Approximately half of the corals from the experimental corals consisted of spindle and cluster cells. Gastrodermal nematocysts were the least common. The overall concentration of Symbiodiniaceae in the coral cells was 8.6%. Freezing using DMSO as a CPA was suitable for approximately half of the corals, and for the other half of species, successful cell cryopreservation was achieved using MeOH and EG. EG and DMSO had similar suitabilities for Acanthastrea, Euphyllia, Favites, Lobophyllia, Pavona, Seriatopora, and Turbinaria, as did EG and MeOH for Acropora, Echinopyllia, and Sinularia and MeOH and DMSO for Platygyra after freezing. At least 14 straws from each species of coral were cryobanked in this study, totaling more than 1884 straws (0.5 mL) with an average concentration of 6.4 × 106 per mL. The results of this study may serve as a framework for cryobanks worldwide and contribute to the long-term conservation of coral reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Chun Toh
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 944401, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Lin Liu
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 944401, Taiwan
| | - Sujune Tsai
- Department of Post Modern Agriculture, Mingdao University, Peetow, Changhua 52345, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.T.); (C.L.); Tel.: +886-925750025 (S.T.); +886-08-88825036 (C.L.)
| | - Chiahsin Lin
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 944401, Taiwan
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Checheng, Pingtung 944, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.T.); (C.L.); Tel.: +886-925750025 (S.T.); +886-08-88825036 (C.L.)
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4
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Cirino L, Wen ZH, Hsieh K, Huang CL, Leong QL, Wang LH, Chen CS, Daly J, Tsai S, Lin C. First instance of settlement by cryopreserved coral larvae in symbiotic association with dinoflagellates. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18851. [PMID: 31827193 PMCID: PMC6906398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55374-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Coral reefs are suffering on a global scale due to human impacts, thereby necessitating cryopreservation efforts. The objective of this study was to develop a suitable vitrification and laser warming protocol for larvae of the scleractinian coral Seriatopora caliendrum, which inherit their dinoflagellate algal symbionts vertically. Toxicity experiments were conducted with the cryoprotectants (CPAs) ethylene glycol (EG), propylene glycol (PG), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), glycerol (GLY), and methanol (METH; listed in order from least to most toxic), and larvae were subjected to vitrification and laser warming using 2 M EG + 1 M PG and 2 M EG + 1 M DMSO. Vitrification and laser warming (300 V, 10 ms pulse width, 2 mm beam diameter) using a vitrification solution of 2 M EG + 1 M PG, 40% w/v Ficoll, and 10% v/v gold nanobars (GNB) at a final concentration of 1.2 × 1018 GNB/mL and a characteristic wavelength of 535 nm resulted in larvae with vitality and settlement percentages of 55 and 9%, respectively. This represents the first successful instance of cryopreservation of coral larvae that proceeded to settle upon warming, and suggests that the vitrification and ultra-fast laser warming approach may be applicable to other threatened marine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cirino
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yai-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Hong Wen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yai-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kevin Hsieh
- He Wei Precision Company Limited, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Liang Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Qi Lun Leong
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsueh Wang
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chii-Shiarng Chen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yai-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Jonathan Daly
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, USA
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, Hawaii, USA
| | - Sujune Tsai
- Department of Post Modern Agriculture, Mingdao University, Chang Hua, Taiwan.
| | - Chiahsin Lin
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan.
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung, Taiwan.
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Thongpoo P, Tsai S, Lin C. Assessing the impacts of cryopreservation on the mitochondria of a thermotolerant Symbiodinium lineage: Implications for reef coral conservation. Cryobiology 2019; 89:96-99. [PMID: 31158362 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Earth's coral reefs are threatened by a barrage of anthropogenic insults, and cryopreservation-based conservation measures are warranted. Successfully cryopreserved corals could then thawed and out-planted on reefs when ocean temperatures stabilize. In such efforts, it will be necessary to also cryopreserve the photosynthetic dinoflagellates (genus Symbiodinium) that reside within the corals' gastrodermal cells. Given this need, Symbiodinium (clade D) cells were cryopreserved in 2 M propylene glycol by a two-step freezing protocol herein and then cultured for 42 days post-thaw. To gauge the effect of cryopreservation, mitochondrial DNA content and intracellular ATP concentration were assessed, and the former parameter was nearly 2-fold higher in freeze-thawed cells compared to controls after 14 days of post-thaw culture. In contrast, intracellular ATP concentration was relatively lower in freeze-thawed cells after seven days of post-thaw culture, though returned to control levels in samples cultured for 42 days post-thaw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeyanuch Thongpoo
- Science Program in Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Phuket Rajabhat University, Muang Phuket, 83000, Thailand
| | - Sujune Tsai
- Department of Post Modern Agriculture, Mingdao University, 369 Wen-Hua Road, Peetow, Chang Hua, 52345, Taiwan.
| | - Chiahsin Lin
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, 2 Houwan Road, Checheng, Pingtung, 944, Taiwan; Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, 2 Houwan Road, Checheng, Pingtung, 944, Taiwan.
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6
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Lin C, Zhuo JM, Chong G, Wang LH, Meng PJ, Tsai S. The effects of aquarium culture on coral oocyte ultrastructure. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15159. [PMID: 30310130 PMCID: PMC6181953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33341-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As the world's oceans are currently threatened by anthropogenic pollution and climate change, coral breeding has become an important conservation method, since it can limit marine organisms' exposure to sub-optimal environment conditions. However, the aquarium environment is inherently different from the ocean, and this could manifest in physiological changes in the reared organisms, particularly with respect to their reproduction. Therefore, the aim of this study was to observe and compare the ultrastructure of the oocytes from wild Oxypora lacera and Echinopora gemmacea with the oocytes from cultured corals using transmission electron microscope. The oocytes from Wild O. lacera and E. gemmacea were larger than cultured ones, though their microvillus layers were significantly thiner. Internally, lipid granule areas and yolk material density in the oocytes of wild O. lacera and E. gemmacea were ~25% lower than in their cultured counterparts. Food availability and the presence and availability of symbiotic dinoflagellates (genus Symbiodinium) may have played a role in driving these lipid-based differences, in particular, as cultured corals had limited potential for heterotrophic feeding. These data will aid in future coral husbandry efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiahsin Lin
- National museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, 2 Houwan Road, Checheng, Pingtung, 944, Taiwan.
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, 2 Houwan Road, Checheng, Pingtung, 944, Taiwan.
| | - Jian-Ming Zhuo
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, 2 Houwan Road, Checheng, Pingtung, 944, Taiwan
| | - Gabriella Chong
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, 2 Houwan Road, Checheng, Pingtung, 944, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsueh Wang
- National museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, 2 Houwan Road, Checheng, Pingtung, 944, Taiwan
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, 2 Houwan Road, Checheng, Pingtung, 944, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jie Meng
- National museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, 2 Houwan Road, Checheng, Pingtung, 944, Taiwan
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, 2 Houwan Road, Checheng, Pingtung, 944, Taiwan
| | - Sujune Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology, Mingdao University, 369 Wen-Hua Road, Peetow, ChangHua, 52345, Taiwan.
- Department of Post Modern Agriculture, Mingdao University, 369 Wen-Hua Road, Peetow, Chang Hua, 52345, Taiwan.
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Bajerski F, Stock J, Hanf B, Darienko T, Heine-Dobbernack E, Lorenz M, Naujox L, Keller ERJ, Schumacher HM, Friedl T, Eberth S, Mock HP, Kniemeyer O, Overmann J. ATP Content and Cell Viability as Indicators for Cryostress Across the Diversity of Life. Front Physiol 2018; 9:921. [PMID: 30065659 PMCID: PMC6056685 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In many natural environments, organisms get exposed to low temperature and/or to strong temperature shifts. Also, standard preservation protocols for live cells or tissues involve ultradeep freezing in or above liquid nitrogen (-196°C or -150°C, respectively). To which extent these conditions cause cold- or cryostress has rarely been investigated systematically. Using ATP content as an indicator of the physiological state of cells, we found that representatives of bacteria, fungi, algae, plant tissue, as well as plant and human cell lines exhibited similar responses during freezing and thawing. Compared to optimum growth conditions, the cellular ATP content of most model organisms decreased significantly upon treatment with cryoprotectant and cooling to up to -196°C. After thawing and a longer period of regeneration, the initial ATP content was restored or even exceeded the initial ATP levels. To assess the implications of cellular ATP concentration for the physiology of cryostress, cell viability was determined in parallel using independent approaches. A significantly positive correlation of ATP content and viability was detected only in the cryosensitive algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii SAG 11-32b and Chlorella variabilis NC64A, and in plant cell lines of Solanum tuberosum. When comparing mesophilic with psychrophilic bacteria of the same genera, and cryosensitive with cryotolerant algae, ATP levels of actively growing cells were generally higher in the psychrophilic and cryotolerant representatives. During exposure to ultralow temperatures, however, psychrophilic and cryotolerant species showed a decline in ATP content similar to their mesophilic or cryosensitive counterparts. Nevertheless, psychrophilic and cryotolerant species attained better culturability after freezing. Cellular ATP concentrations and viability measurements thus monitor different features of live cells during their exposure to ultralow temperatures and cryostress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felizitas Bajerski
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Johanna Stock
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Benjamin Hanf
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e.V. - Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Tatyana Darienko
- Experimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae, University of Göttingen (EPSAG), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elke Heine-Dobbernack
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maike Lorenz
- Experimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae, University of Göttingen (EPSAG), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lisa Naujox
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - E R J Keller
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - H M Schumacher
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Friedl
- Experimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae, University of Göttingen (EPSAG), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sonja Eberth
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Mock
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Olaf Kniemeyer
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e.V. - Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Jörg Overmann
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
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Viyakarn V, Chavanich S, Chong G, Tsai S, Lin C. Cryopreservation of sperm from the coral Acropora humilis. Cryobiology 2018; 80:130-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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9
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Comparison of the cryo-tolerance of vitrified gorgonian oocytes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23290. [PMID: 26984101 PMCID: PMC4794651 DOI: 10.1038/srep23290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Coral reefs have been declining considerably in recent years because of changes to the environment and climate. The cryopreservation of coral gametes is an essential alternative method that yields immense success in preserving corals. This study focuses on developing vitrification techniques for Junceella fragilis and Ellisella robusta oocytes, and presents a comparison on the cryotolerance of their vitrified oocytes. The results revealed that these coral oocytes could be preserved for a longer period in equilibration solution 2 and vitrification solution (VS) 2 at 5 °C than at 26 °C. Oocyte viability decreased significantly when VS2 was used for >4 min at 26 °C compared with the control. Cryoprotectant tolerance was higher in E. robusta oocytes than in J. fragilis oocytes. However, E. robusta was determined to be more cryo-tolerant, with differences attributed to their habitats, thus making E. robusta is likely a superior candidate species for further study. The results of this study on the effects of coral cryopreservation provide a foundation for developing protocols further for the cryopreservation of the oocytes of gorgonian corals.
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10
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Chong G, Tsai S, Wang LH, Huang CY, Lin C. Cryopreservation of the gorgonian endosymbiont Symbiodinium. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18816. [PMID: 26754353 PMCID: PMC4709583 DOI: 10.1038/srep18816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The study focused on finding a suitable cryoprotectant (CPA) and an optimum freezing protocol for the cryopreservation of the endosymbiotic dinoflagellates (Symbiodinium, clade G) of Junceella fragilis wherein the success of experiments is crucial to both scientific and ecology studies. A two-step freezing technique was developed. The viability of the thawed dinoflagellates was assayed using the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioassay for the first time and was further confirmed through the culturing of dinoflagellates in vitro. The results suggested that 30 min was the most suitable holding time for the dinoflagellates, and the samples produced highest viability when suspended at 5 cm from the surface of LN2. Results also showed that 1 M methanol with 0.4 M sucrose was the most effective CPA, yielding the highest viability (56.93%). Although cell densities of both cryopreserved and control group suffered an initial decline of culture, the cell densities were maintained throughout the remaining duration. In the present study, the cryopreservation of clade G endosymbiont algae was studied for the first time and the method described here could be applied for future studies on symbiotic algae cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Chong
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, 2 Houwan Road, Checheng, Pingtung, 944, Taiwan
| | - Sujune Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology, Mingdao University, 369 Wen-Hua Road, Peetow, ChangHua, 52345, Taiwan.,Department of Post Modern Agriculture, Mingdao University, 369 Wen-Hua Road, Peetow, Chang Hua, 52345, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsueh Wang
- National museum of Marine Biology &Aquarium, 2 Houwan Road, Checheng, Pingtung, 944, Taiwan.,Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, 2 Houwan Road, Checheng, Pingtung, 944, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Beining Road, Jhongjheng, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chiahsin Lin
- National museum of Marine Biology &Aquarium, 2 Houwan Road, Checheng, Pingtung, 944, Taiwan.,Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, 2 Houwan Road, Checheng, Pingtung, 944, Taiwan
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11
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Wang CH, Guo ZS, Pang F, Zhang LY, Yan M, Yan JH, Li KW, Li XJ, Li Y, Bi L, Han YS. Effects of graphene modification on the bioactivation of polyethylene-terephthalate-based artificial ligaments. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:15263-15276. [PMID: 26111253 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b02893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate whether surface coating with graphene could enhance the surface bioactivation of PET-based artificial ligaments to accelerate graft-to-bone healing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. In an in vitro study, the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells and their differentiation on the scaffolds were quantified via 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. The significantly higher optical-density values and transcription levels of osteoblast-specific genes indicated that graphene modification could promote the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells and accelerate their specific differentiation into osteogenic lineages on scaffolds. In an in vivo test, rabbits were used to establish an extra-articular graft-to-bone healing model. At 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery, biomechanical tests, microcomputed tomography analysis, and histological observations were performed. The final results demonstrated that the microstructural parameters, the average mineral apposition rate of the bone, and the biomechanical properties of the graphene-coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-based artificial ligament (G-PET-AL) group were significantly higher than those of the PET-AL graft group (P < 0.05). The results of Van Gieson staining indicated that in the G-PET-AL group, there was more newly formed bone than there was in the group in which nongraphene-coated PET-ALs were used. In conclusion, graphene exhibits considerable potential for enhancing the surface bioactivation of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hui Wang
- †Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 West Change Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zhong-Shang Guo
- †Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 West Change Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Fei Pang
- ‡Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Li-Yuan Zhang
- ‡Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Ming Yan
- †Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 West Change Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jin-Hong Yan
- †Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 West Change Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Ke-Wen Li
- †Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 West Change Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Li
- †Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 West Change Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yong Li
- †Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 West Change Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Long Bi
- †Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 West Change Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yi-Sheng Han
- †Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 West Change Road, Xi'an 710032, China
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Feuillassier L, Masanet P, Romans P, Barthélémy D, Engelmann F. Towards a vitrification-based cryopreservation protocol for the coral Pocillopora damicornis L.: Tolerance of tissue balls to 4.5 M cryoprotectant solutions. Cryobiology 2015; 71:224-35. [PMID: 26188079 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we tested the tolerance of tissue balls (TBs, 100-400 μm in diameter) from the coral Pocillopora damicornis produced using mechanical excision to exposure to cryoprotectant (CPA) solutions. TBs were treated for 20 min at room temperature with individual, binary, ternary or quaternary CPA solutions with a total molarity from 2.0 to 5.0M. Four CPAs were used: ethylene glycol (EG), dimethylsulfoxide (Me2SO), methanol (Met) and glycerol (Gly). In some experiments, the molarity of the CPA solutions was increased and decreased in a stepwise manner. The tolerance of TBs following CPA treatment was evaluated using two parameters. The Tissue Ball Regression (expressed in μm/h) measured the diameter regression of TBs over time. The % Undamaged TBs quantified the proportion of TBs, which remained intact over time after the CPA treatment. TBs tolerated exposure to binary solutions with a total molarity of 4.0 M containing 2.0 M EG+2.0 M Met and 2.0 MEG+2.0 M Gly. TBs displayed tolerance to ternary solutions with a total molarity up to 3.0 M, containing each CPA at 1.0 M. Quaternary solutions with a total molarity of 4.0M containing each CPA at 1.0 M were not tolerated by TBs. When the molarity of the CPA solutions was increased and decreased in a stepwise manner, TBs withstood exposure to a CPA solution with a total molarity of 4.5 M, containing 1.5 M EG+1.5 M Gly+1.5 M Me(2)SO. This study confirmed the interest of using TBs to test CPA solutions, with the objective of developing a vitrification-based cryopreservation protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Feuillassier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMS 2348, Centre de Ressources Biologiques Marines, Observatoire Océanologique, F-66650 Banyuls/Mer, France; IRD, UMR DIADE, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Patrick Masanet
- Aquarium de Canet-en-Roussillon, 2 boulevard de la Jetée, 66140 Canet-en-Roussillon, France
| | - Pascal Romans
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMS 2348, Centre de Ressources Biologiques Marines, Observatoire Océanologique, F-66650 Banyuls/Mer, France
| | - Dominique Barthélémy
- Océanopolis, Port de plaisance du Moulin Blanc, BP91039, 29210 Brest Cedex 1, France
| | - Florent Engelmann
- IRD, UMR DIADE, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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Tsai S, Yen W, Chavanich S, Viyakarn V, Lin C. Development of Cryopreservation Techniques for Gorgonian (Junceella juncea) Oocytes through Vitrification. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123409. [PMID: 26010144 PMCID: PMC4444251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gorgonian corals are slowly declining due to human interaction and environmental impacts. Cryopreservation of gorgonian corals is an ex-situ method of conservation, ensuring future reproduction. The present study assessed the vitrification properties of cryoprotectant (CPT) mixtures using the cryotop, cryoloop and open pulled straw (OPS) cryopereservation methods prior to experimentation on gorgonian (Junceella juncea) oocytes. Investigations of the equilibration and vitrification solutions’ (ES and VS) effect on oocytes throughout different incubation periods were conducted. The cryotop method was found to be the most successful in ensuring vitrification. The most favourable VS was composed of propylene glycol (PG), ethylene glycol (EG) and methanol with concentrations of 3.5M, 1.5M and 2M respectively. Experiments were performed using the cryotop method to cryopreserve Junceella juncea oocytes using VS2, the solution had the least impact on oocytes at 5°C rather than at 26°C. The success of the vitrification procedures was determined by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels in cooled-thaw oocytes and the highest viability obtained from the present study was 76.6 ± 6.2%. This study provides information regarding gorgonian corals’ tolerance and viability throughout vitrification to further advance the vitrification protocol on whip corals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujune Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology, Mingdao University, Peetow, Chang Hua, Taiwan
- Department of Post Modern Agriculture, Mingdao University, Peetow, Chang Hua, Taiwan
| | - Wish Yen
- Institute of Biochemistry & Environmental Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Suchana Chavanich
- Reef Biology Research Group, Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Voranop Viyakarn
- Reef Biology Research Group, Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chiahsin Lin
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Checheng, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Checheng, Pingtung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Tsai S, Thongpooe P, Kuo FW, Lin C. Impacts of low temperature preservation on mitochondrial DNA copy number in oocytes of the hard coral Echinopora sp. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2015; 27:2512-5. [PMID: 25901989 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2015.1036254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Given the current threats to coral reefs worldwide, there is an urgent need to develop protocols for the cryopreservation of reef-building corals. However, chilling may alter coral mitochondrial distribution and membrane potential, resulting in reduced ATP production. The aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of chilling on mitochondrial DNA copy number (CN) in oocytes of the hard coral Echinopora sp. Oocytes were exposed to 0.5 M, 1 M or 2 M methanol at 5, 0 or -5 °C for 2, 4, 8 and 16 h. When oocytes were chilled with no cryoprotectant (CPT) or 1 M methanol at 5 or 0 °C, the mtDNA CNs initially increased at hour 2 of incubation, although it decreased significantly over the 16 h of incubation in chilled oocytes at -5 °C. The mtDNA CN increased and picked in 0.5 M methanol at 5 °C and 0 °C at hour 8 of incubation in chilled oocytes indicating that the high mtDNA CN of these oocytes is probably responsible for withstanding high chilling sensitivity. We currently propose that 0.5 M methanol is the optimal CPT for oocytes of Echinopora sp., and potentially other reef corals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujune Tsai
- a Department of Biotechnology , Mingdao University , Peetow , Chang Hua , Taiwan .,b Department of Post Modern Agriculture , Mingdao University , Peetow , Chang Hua , Taiwan
| | - Preeyanuch Thongpooe
- c Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology , Phuket Rajabhat University , Thailand
| | - Fu-Wen Kuo
- d National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium , Checheng , Pingtung , Taiwan , and
| | - Chiahsin Lin
- d National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium , Checheng , Pingtung , Taiwan , and.,e Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University , Checheng , Pingtung , Taiwan
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Le Goïc N, Hégaret H, Boulais M, Béguel JP, Lambert C, Fabioux C, Soudant P. Flow cytometric assessment of morphology, viability, and production of reactive oxygen species of Crassostrea gigas oocytes. Application to toxic dinoflagellate (Alexandrium minutum) exposure. Cytometry A 2014; 85:1049-56. [PMID: 25327519 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas accounts for a large part of shellfish aquaculture production worldwide. Aspects of morphological and functional characteristics of oyster oocytes remain poorly documented, and traditional techniques, such as microscopic observations of shape or fertilization rate, are time and space consuming. The purpose of this study was to assess for the first time viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of Pacific oyster oocytes using flow cytometry (FCM) and to apply this method to determine oocyte responses to in vitro exposure to the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum. A culture of A. minutum caused a significant increase in oocyte ROS production, which gradually increased with the age of the culture, but viability was not affected. Effect of the supernatant of the same A. minutum culture did not cause any significant modifications of oocyte morphology, viability, or ROS level. This study confirmed that some oocyte cellular characteristics can be assessed using FCM techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Le Goïc
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement MARin (LEMAR), IUEM, Technopôle Brest Iroise, 29820, Plouzané, France
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Feuillassier L, Martinez L, Romans P, Engelmann-Sylvestre I, Masanet P, Barthélémy D, Engelmann F. Survival of tissue balls from the coral Pocillopora damicornis L. exposed to cryoprotectant solutions. Cryobiology 2014; 69:376-85. [PMID: 25238734 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the tolerance of tissue balls (TBs, 100-300 μm in diameter) from the coral Pocillopora damicornis produced using mechanical excision to exposure to cryoprotectant (CPA) solutions was tested. TBs were treated for 20 min at room temperature with solutions of ethylene glycol (EG), methanol (Met), glycerol (Gly) or dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO) at concentrations between 1.0 and 4.5M. Two parameters were used to evaluate the survival of TBs following CPA treatment. The Undamaged Duration of Tissue Balls (expressed in h) corresponded to the time period during which the membrane surface of TBs remained smooth and their motility was preserved. Tissue Ball Regression (expressed in μm/h) corresponded to the size reduction of TBs over time. TBs tolerated exposure to all CPAs tested at the three lower concentrations employed (1.0 M, 1.5 M and 2.0 M). No survival was achieved following exposure to a 4.5 M CPA solution. At concentrations of 3.0 and 4.0 M, higher Undamaged Duration of Tissue Balls and lower Tissue Ball Regression were obtained following treatment with EG compared to the other three CPAs. Our experiments show that TBs constitute a good experimental material to evaluate CPA toxicity on corals using large numbers of samples. Performing preliminary experiments with TBs may allow reducing the number of tests carried out with less easily available coral forms such as planulae, thereby preserving larval stocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Feuillassier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMS 2348, Centre de Ressources Biologiques Marines, Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls sur mer, F-75005 Paris, France; IRD, UMR DIADE, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Lucie Martinez
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMS 2348, Centre de Ressources Biologiques Marines, Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls sur mer, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Pascal Romans
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMS 2348, Centre de Ressources Biologiques Marines, Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls sur mer, F-75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Patrick Masanet
- Aquarium de Canet-en-Roussillon, 2 boulevard de la Jetée, 66140 Canet-en-Roussillon, France
| | - Dominique Barthélémy
- Océanopolis, Port de plaisance du Moulin Blanc, BP91039, 29210 Brest Cedex 1, France
| | - Florent Engelmann
- IRD, UMR DIADE, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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Feuillassier L, Romans P, Engelmann-Sylvestre I, Masanet P, Barthélémy D, Engelmann F. Tolerance of apexes of coral Pocillopora damicornis L. to cryoprotectant solutions. Cryobiology 2014; 68:96-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Tsai S, Chen JC, Spikings E, Li JJ, Lin C. Degradation of mitochondrial DNA in cryoprotectant-treated hard coral (Echinopora spp.) oocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 26:420-5. [PMID: 24460160 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2013.855734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A critical step for successful cryopreservation is to determine the optimal cryoprotectant treatment that can provide protective effects against cryoinjury during freezing and with minimal toxicity. Most cryoprotectants have chemical and osmotic effects when used at high concentrations. Cryoprotectants can damage coral mitochondrial distributions and membrane potentials, which results in reduced ATP production. As mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes for components of the electron transport chain (ETC) and plays a critical role in ATP synthesis capacity, we determined the effects of cryoprotectants on mtDNA in hard coral (Echinopora spp.) oocytes using quantitative real-time PCR. Our results showed that an insult from a cryoprotectant may be compensated for by the genetic defense mechanisms of these cells. Methanol was found to have the least effect on coral oocytes with regard to their energy status. A single oocyte without cryoprotectant treatment produced an average of 4,220,645 ± 169,990 mtDNA copies, which was greater than that in mammals. However, relatively lower mtDNA copy numbers (<2,000,000) were observed when oocytes were treated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), propylene glycol (PG), ethylene glycol (EG), or glycerol at a concentration of 3 M for 20 min. These results provide direct evidence that hard coral (Echinopora spp.) oocytes are extremely susceptible to cryoprotectants and support the concerns with regard to the adverse effects of cryoprotectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujune Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology, Mingdao University , Peetow, Chang Hua , Taiwan
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Wang M, Ma L, Li D, Jiang P, Gao C. Preparation of polycaprolactone microspheres-aggregated scaffold with ultra big pores and fuzzy sphere surface by a one-step phase separation method. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101:3219-27. [PMID: 23554334 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A microspheres-aggregated scaffold with ultra big pores (over 300 μm) and fuzzy microspheres is fabricated by incubating polycaprolactone (PCL)/tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution in a -20°C refrigerator, following by freeze-drying. Formation of the scaffold is mainly governed by the crystallization of the PCL polymer at appropriate conditions. All the 10-20% PCL/THF solutions yield the microspheres-aggregated scaffolds when the initial solution temperature is higher than 37°C, whereas the 10-15% solutions form dense membranes when the initial solution temperature is below 25°C. The size of the microspheres and pores is as large as 70-150 μm and 170-816 μm, respectively. The PCL microspheres-aggregated scaffold can better support the adhesion and proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) compared to the traditional porous scaffold obtained by a porogen leaching method. The tendencies of chondrogenesis and osteogenesis differentiation of BMSCs are observed on the microspheres-aggregated scaffold and the ordinary porous scaffold, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meicong Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Lin C, Wang LH, Meng PJ, Chen CS, Tsai S. Lipid content and composition of oocytes from five coral species: potential implications for future cryopreservation efforts. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57823. [PMID: 23469074 PMCID: PMC3585170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the previously documented importance of lipid concentration and composition in the successful cryopreservation of gorgonian corals, these parameters were assessed in oocytes of five species of scleractinian coral; Platygyra daedalea, Echinopora gemmacea, Echinophyllia aspera, Oxypora lacera and Astreopora expansa. Wax esters, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, and fatty acids were all measured at detectable levels, and the latter were produced at significantly elevated quantities in E. gemmacea, E. aspera, and O. lacera. On the other hand, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, and wax ester were found at significantly higher concentrations in A. expansa oocytes. Triacylglycerol was not present in any species. Interestingly, the total lipid content of oocytes from all five scleractinians was significantly lower than that of oocytes of two gorgonian species, Junceella juncea and Junceella fragilis. As higher total lipid concentrations may be correlated with greater degrees of cellular membrane fluidity at lower temperatures, it stands to reason that gorgonian coral oocytes may be more likely to survive the cryopreservation process than oocytes of scleractinian corals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiahsin Lin
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Checheng, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Checheng, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsueh Wang
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Checheng, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Checheng, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jie Meng
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Checheng, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chii-Shiarng Chen
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Checheng, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Checheng, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Sujune Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology, Mingdao University, Peetow, Chang Hua, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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21
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Lin C, Wang LH, Fan TY, Kuo FW. Lipid content and composition during the oocyte development of two gorgonian coral species in relation to low temperature preservation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38689. [PMID: 22848343 PMCID: PMC3407182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have suggested that chilling sensitivity of coral oocytes may relate to their relatively high lipid intracellular content and lipid composition. The distribution of lipids during the oocyte development was determined here for the first time in two gorgonian species (Junceella juncea and Junceella fragilis). The main lipid classes in the two gorgonian oocytes were total lipid, wax ester, triacylglycerol, total fatty acid, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. The results indicated that early stage oocytes of J. juncea and J. fragilis were found to have increased lipid content than late stage oocytes. The content of wax ester was significantly higher in the early stage oocytes of two gorgonian corals (51.0±2.5 and 41.7±2.9 µg/mm(3)/oocyte) than those of late stage oocytes (24.0±1.4 and 30.4±1.2 µg/mm(3)/oocyte, respectively). A substantial amount of phosphatidylethanolamine and total fatty acid was detected at each stage of oocyte development in two gorgonian ranges from 107 to 42 µg/mm(3)/oocyte and 106 to 48 µg/mm(3)/oocyte, whilst low levels of phosphatidylcholine were found in two gorgonian oocytes. The levels of total lipid in the late stage oocytes of J. juncea were significantly higher than those of J. fragilis. The observed differences may partially be related to different habitat preferences as higher lipid levels in J. juncea, a deeper-water coral species exposed to lower temperature seawater, might relate to adjustments of cell membranes in order to increase membrane fluidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiahsin Lin
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Checheng, Pingtung, Taiwan.
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Lin C, Tsai S. The effect of chilling and cryoprotectants on hard coral (Echinopora spp.) oocytes during short-term low temperature preservation. Theriogenology 2011; 77:1257-61. [PMID: 22153264 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Revised: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Understanding chilling sensitivity and chilling injury of coral oocytes, in the presence and absence of a cryoprotectant, is important in developing cryopreservation protocols, as well as for short-term storage and transport (e.g., for species conservation). The objective of this study was to investigate the chilling sensitivity of hard coral (Echinopora spp.) oocytes and the effectiveness of methanol (as a cryoprotectant) in protecting these oocytes during short-term, low temperature preservation. Oocytes were exposed to 0.5, 1, or 2 m methanol at 5, 0, or -5 °C for 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 16, or 32 h, and their quality determined based on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content. Methanol at 0.5 m was the most effective means to reduce chilling-induced reduction in ATP concentrations. Coral oocytes can be stored at room temperature for 4 h in filtered nature seawater with no detrimental effect on oocyte quality; however, in the present study, oocyte survival was extended for 8 h by addition of methanol in low concentrations (0.5 or 1 m) at low temperatures (5 and 0 °C). These findings should enhance conservation efforts and facilitate low-temperature transport of endangered and threatened coral species.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lin
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Checheng, Pingtung, Taiwan
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Li L, Liu W, Wang J, Tu Q, Liu R, Wang J. Lectin-aided separation of circulating tumor cells and assay of their response to an anticancer drug in an integrated microfluidic device. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:3159-66. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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