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Wawrzykowski J, Jamioł M, Kankofer M. The dependence between glycodelin and selected metalloproteinases concentrations in bovine placenta during early gestation and parturition with and without retained foetal membranes. Theriogenology 2024; 218:231-238. [PMID: 38359561 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Pregnancy course depends on the appropriate connection between the mother and the developing foetus. Pregnancy is completed when the placenta is timely expelled. Placental retention is one of the possible pregnancy complications. Extracellular matrix, including adhesive proteins and enzymes that can break down collagens, seems to be responsible for it. The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of one of the adhesive proteins - glycodelin (Gd) - on selected metalloproteinases degrading collagens (MMP2, MMP3, MMP7). Placental tissues from healthy pregnant cows collected during early-mid pregnancy (2nd month n = 7, 3rd month n = 8, 4th month n = 6) and in cows that properly released placenta (NR; n = 6) and cows with retained foetal membranes (R; n = 6) were experimental material. The concentrations of glycodelin and protein content of selected metalloproteinases were measured by ELISA in the maternal and foetal placental homogenates as well as in the culture of epithelial cells derived from the maternal part of the placenta. The presence of these protein molecules was confirmed by Western Blotting. In the bovine placenta, the concentrations of examined proteins exhibit significant changes during placental formation. Gd, MMP3 and MMP7 concentrations decrease with pregnancy progress (between the 2nd and 4th month), while MMP2 concentrations were on the same level in this period. During parturition, concentrations of Gd and MMP3 were significantly higher in the R group compared to the NR group. In parallel, MMP2 concentrations did not show significant differences between the groups (NR vs R), and MMP7 concentrations decreased significantly in the maternal part of the placenta in cows with retained foetal membranes (R). Obtained results show correlations between the gestational age and proteins' (Gd, MMP3, MMP7) concentration, both in the maternal and foetal part of the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Wawrzykowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Science in Lublin, Akademicka Street 12, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Jamioł
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Science in Lublin, Akademicka Street 12, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marta Kankofer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Science in Lublin, Akademicka Street 12, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
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2
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Kamada H. 12-Oxoeicosatetraenoic acid, a candidate signal for placenta separation, activates matrix metalloproteinase and induces apoptosis in bovine trophoblast cells. Anim Biosci 2023; 36:429-440. [PMID: 35798033 PMCID: PMC9996261 DOI: 10.5713/ab.22.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 12-oxo-5Z,8Z,10E,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (12-KETE), a metabolite of arachidonic acid, is a strong candidate signal for placenta separation following calf discharge at delivery. In the present study, the effects of 12-KETE on bovine trophoblast cells were investigated to determine its function in the placentome at delivery. METHODS Bovine trophoblast cells derived from blastocysts were used. They were cocultured with or without fibroblasts derived from bovine placentome and/or bovine uterine epithelial cells. 12-KETE was added to the culture medium. RESULTS Bovine trophoblast cells contained binucleate cells and strongly expressed caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX-2) genes. Addition of 12-KETE to the trophoblast cell colony without feeder cells or that on a fibroblast monolayer induced rapid exfoliation of the colony. After 12-KETE addition, trophoblast cells emitted strong fluorescence caused by the degradation of dye-quenched collagen, indicating that 12-KETE activated matrix metalloproteinase of the trophoblast cells. Exfoliated cell colonies were stained with YOPRO-1, but not propidium iodide (PI). Moreover, DNA fragmentation and Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) gene (apoptosis stimulator) upregulation were observed in exfoliated cells, indicating that 12-KETE induced trophoblast cell apoptosis. These results were consistent with previous in vivo observations; however, even a lower concentration of 12-KETE activated trophoblast protease. Meanwhile, fibroblasts derived from the bovine placentome converted arachidonic acid to 12-KETE. CONCLUSION These observations indicate that 12-KETE may serve as a signal for placenta separation at delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hachiro Kamada
- Institute of livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba, 305-0901, Japan.,Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Shimokuriyagawa, Morioka, 020-0198, Japan
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3
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Murase H, El-Sheikh Ali H, Ruby RE, Scoggin KE, Ball BA. Transcriptomic analysis of the chorioallantois in equine premature placental separation. Equine Vet J 2022; 55:405-418. [PMID: 35622344 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Equine premature placental separation (PPS) is poorly understood and represents an important risk factor for fetal/neonatal hypoxia. OBJECTIVES To examine transcriptomic changes in the chorioallantois (CA) from mares with clinical PPS compared to the CA from normal foaling mares. Differential gene expression was determined and gene ontology as well as molecular pathways related to PPS were characterised. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case: control study. METHODS CA were collected from Thoroughbred mares with a clinical history of PPS (n=33) and from control Thoroughbred mares (n=4) with normal parturition for examination of transcriptional changes in the placenta associated with PPS. Transcriptomic changes in the villous CA near the cervical star were determined by Illumina® sequencing and subsequent bioinformatic analysis. PPS samples were divided by k-means clustering, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in each PPS cluster were identified by comparing to controls. Shared DEGs between PPS clusters were used for gene ontology analysis and pathway analysis. RESULTS A total of 1204 DEGs were identified between PPS and control. Gene ontology revealed extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell adhesion, and pathway analysis revealed fatty acid, p-53, hypoxia, and inflammation. Eleven key regulator genes of PPS including growth factors (IGF1, TGFB2, TGFB3), transcription factors (HIF1A, JUNB, SMAD3), and transmembrane receptors (FGFR1, TNFRSF1A, TYROBP) were also identified. MAIN LIMITATIONS The use of clinical history of PPS, in the absence of other criteria, may have led to misidentification of some cases as PPS. CONCLUSIONS Transcriptomic analysis indicated that changes in ECM and cell adhesion were important factors in equine PPS. Key predicted upstream events include genes associated with hypoxia, inflammation and growth factors related to the pathogenesis of equine PPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harutaka Murase
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Equine Science Division, Hidaka Training and Research Center, Japan Racing Association, Urakawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hossam El-Sheikh Ali
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Rebecca E Ruby
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kirsten E Scoggin
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Barry A Ball
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Amin YA, Hussein HA. Latest update on predictive indicators, risk factors, and 'Omic' technologies research of retained placenta in dairy cattle- review article. Reprod Domest Anim 2022; 57:687-700. [PMID: 35332584 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Retained placenta is a pathological condition defined as failure to expel fetal membranes within 12 -24h after parturition. It instigates important financial losses to the dairy industry causing considerable economic loss. It is a multifactorial disorder. Although different hypotheses have been proposed, contradictory results and no single factor explains the development of the disease. This indicates that there are overall significant gaps in our knowledge about the various factors affecting the etiopathology and pathobiology of the retained placenta. Thus, it will be of great interest to investigate the potential contributing factors that influence the occurrence of RP which provide us with the mechanisms to avoid the occurrence of the disease. In addition, different predictive indicators of RP should be part of our research, thus providing the essential procedures applied to deal with the disease and the development of novel therapeutic and prophylactic strategies in its management. Furthermore, lately, the molecular role takes attention to understanding its effect in the occurrence of the disease. Such information might help dairy scientists in the future to design better management and preventive practices for RP in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahia A Amin
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Hassan A Hussein
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, 71526, Assiut, Egypt
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Ellero N, Lanci A, Ferlizza E, Andreani G, Mariella J, Isani G, Castagnetti C. Activities of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 in amniotic fluid at parturition in mares with normal and high-risk pregnancy. Theriogenology 2021; 172:116-122. [PMID: 34153567 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of enzymes involved in extracellular matrix remodeling. MMPs are secreted in a latent form and activated by local and infiltrating cells. MMP-2 and -9 are the most studied in reproduction and have been detected in bovine, ovine, equine and human placenta. There is only one study on MMPs in the equine amniotic fluid (AF) reporting a decrease in the activity of MMP-2 in case of premature delivery. The aim of this study was focused on MMP-2 and -9 activity in AF collected at parturition from mares with normal or high-risk pregnancy. High-risk pregnancy was defined as a history of premature udder development/lactation, increase of combined thickness of the uterus and placenta, vulvar discharge and/or mare's systemic illness. The diagnosis of placental insufficiency was confirmed retrospectively after macroscopic and histopatologic examination of the placenta. AF was collected by needle puncture of the amnion within 5 min after its appearance through the vulva. The activity of MMP-2 and -9 was analyzed by in-gel zymography allowing the evaluation of both latent and active forms. Twenty mares with normal pregnancy (group 1) and 8 mares with high-risk pregnancy (group 2) were included. All mares in group 2 had a high-risk pregnancy with a diagnosis of placental insufficiency associated with placental villous hypoplasia, placentitis or placental edema. The bands relative to latent and active forms of MMP-2 were clearly visible in both groups and the activity of latent (P = 0.010) and active (P = 0.004) forms was lower in the AF samples of group 2. The band of the latent form of MMP-9 was visible in 17/20 samples of group 1, while it was completely absent in all samples of group 2. In contrast, the band of the active form was clearly visible and with a greater activity in AF samples of group 2 (P = 0.002). Placental dysfunction seems to induce a lower MMP-2 activity and a higher MMP-9 activity through the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Because fetal pulmonary secretions are a likely source of gelatinases in AF during late gestation, the increased MMP-9 activity could be related to fetal distress. These data provide a starting point to better understand the role of MMPs in equine pregnancy, although it should be confirmed in a larger and more homogeneous population of mares with high-risk pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Ellero
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Aliai Lanci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Enea Ferlizza
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Andreani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jole Mariella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gloria Isani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carolina Castagnetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy; Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
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6
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Jaworska J, Ropka-Molik K, Piórkowska K, Szmatoła T, Kowalczyk-Zięba I, Wocławek-Potocka I, Siemieniuch M. Transcriptome Profiling of the Retained Fetal Membranes-An Insight in the Possible Pathogenesis of the Disease. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030675. [PMID: 33802481 PMCID: PMC8000898 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Retained fetal membranes (RFM) in mares is a disease of a multifactorial etiology with not fully understood pathogenesis. Profound analysis of genes expressed in the placenta may reveal pathways and processes which might be comprised in mares with this disease and hence help to explain the pathogenesis of RFM. This work employed RNA sequencing to identify and compare genes differentially expressed (DEGs) in the placenta of mares that retained fetal membranes and those that released them physiologically. Results showed that within DEGs genes important for apoptosis, inflammatory-related processes, and metabolism of extracellular matrix were identified. Abstract Retained fetal membranes (RFM) is one of the most common post-partum diseases of a complex etiology. Moreover, its pathogenesis is still not elucidated. Detailed transcriptomic analysis of physiological and retained placenta may bring profound insight in the pathogenesis of the disease. The aim of the study was to compare the transcriptome of the retained and physiologically released placenta as well as biological pathways and processes in order to determine the possible pathogenesis of the disease. Samples of the endometrium and the allantochorion were taken within 2 h after parturition from control mares (n = 3) and mares with RFM (n = 3). RNA sequencing was performed with the use of all samples and mRNA expression of chosen genes was validated with Real Time PCR. Analysis of RNA-seq identified 487 differentially expressed genes in the allantochorion and 261 in the endometrium of control and RFM mares (p < 0.0001). Within genes that may be important in the release of fetal membranes and were differentially expressed, our report pinpointed BGN, TIMP1, DRB, CD3E, C3, FCN3, CASP3, BCL2L1. Gene ontology analysis showed possible processes which were altered in RFM that are apoptosis, inflammatory-related processes, and extracellular matrix metabolism and might be involved in the pathogenesis of RFM. This is the first report on the transcriptome of RFM and physiologically released placenta in mares.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Jaworska
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland; (I.K.-Z.); (I.W.-P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Katarzyna Ropka-Molik
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083 Balice, Poland; (K.R.-M.); (K.P.); (T.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Piórkowska
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083 Balice, Poland; (K.R.-M.); (K.P.); (T.S.)
| | - Tomasz Szmatoła
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083 Balice, Poland; (K.R.-M.); (K.P.); (T.S.)
- University Centre of Veterinary Medicine Krakow, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ilona Kowalczyk-Zięba
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland; (I.K.-Z.); (I.W.-P.)
| | - Izabela Wocławek-Potocka
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland; (I.K.-Z.); (I.W.-P.)
| | - Marta Siemieniuch
- Research Station of the Institute of Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Popielno, 12-220 Ruciane-Nida, Poland;
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7
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Jiménez-Pelayo L, García-Sánchez M, Collantes-Fernández E, Regidor-Cerrillo J, Horcajo P, Gutiérrez-Expósito D, Espinosa J, Benavides J, Osoro K, Pfarrer C, Ortega-Mora LM. Crosstalk between Neospora caninum and the bovine host at the maternal-foetal interface determines the outcome of infection. Vet Res 2020; 51:83. [PMID: 32552750 PMCID: PMC7302351 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00803-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neospora caninum is an apicomplexan cyst-forming parasite that is considered one of the main causes of abortion. The pathogenic mechanisms associated with parasite virulence at the maternal-foetal interface that are responsible for the outcome of infection are largely unknown. Here, utilizing placentomes from cattle experimentally infected with high-virulence (Nc-Spain7) and low-virulence (Nc-Spain1H) isolates, we studied key elements of the innate and adaptive immune responses, as well as components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), at 10 and 20 days post-infection (dpi). The low-virulence isolate elicited a robust immune response characterized by upregulation of genes involved in pathogen recognition, chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines, crucial for its adequate control. In addition, Nc-Spain1H triggered the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines and other mechanisms implicated in the maintenance of ECM integrity to ensure foetal survival. In contrast, local immune responses were initially (10 dpi) impaired by Nc-Spain7, allowing parasite multiplication. Subsequently (20 dpi), a predominantly pro-inflammatory Th1-based response and an increase in leucocyte infiltration were observed. Moreover, Nc-Spain7-infected placentomes from animals carrying non-viable foetuses exhibited higher expression of the IL-8, TNF-α, iNOS and SERP-1 genes and lower expression of the metalloproteases and their inhibitors than Nc-Spain7-infected placentomes from animals carrying viable foetuses. In addition, profound placental damage characterized by an alteration in the ECM organization in necrotic foci, which could contribute to foetal death, was found. Two different host-parasite interaction patterns were observed at the bovine placenta as representative examples of different evolutionary strategies used by this parasite for transmission to offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jiménez-Pelayo
- Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, SALUVET, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta García-Sánchez
- Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, SALUVET, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Collantes-Fernández
- Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, SALUVET, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Regidor-Cerrillo
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, SALUVET-innova, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Horcajo
- Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, SALUVET, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José Espinosa
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), 24346 León, Spain
| | - Julio Benavides
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), 24346 León, Spain
| | - Koldo Osoro
- Regional Service for Research and Agri-Food Development (SERIDA), 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Christiane Pfarrer
- Department of Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Luis Miguel Ortega-Mora
- Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, SALUVET, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Hiebel K, Gentle L, Menino A, Kutzler M. Acupuncture prevents the postpartum reduction in matrix metalloproteinase type-2 immunoexpression, tissue concentration and enzyme activity in bovine caruncles. Reprod Domest Anim 2019; 54:1010-1017. [PMID: 31066470 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of acupuncture in dairy cows (Bos taurus) on caruncular matrix metalloproteinase type-2 (MMP2) at 0, 2 and 4 hr after calving. Acupuncture (n = 6) was applied at 0 and 2 hr after calving to 6 points that relax the cervix and stimulate uterine contractions. Controls (n = 9) were kept in a stanchion for 15 min without acupuncture. All of the cows in the study delivered their placenta in <4 hr. Formalin-fixed caruncles were paraffin-embedded and subjected to routine immunohistochemistry to determine MMP2 expression, which was scored by a single observer. Flash frozen caruncles were homogenized, and protein concentration was determined. MMP2 concentrations were calculated using commercial bovine ELISAs. MMP2 enzyme activity was determined using zymography. The mean value for each time point for each cow was used to calculate the mean ± SEM for each treatment group. MMP2 was predominantly localized to the epithelial and subepithelial stromal cells of the caruncles in both treatment groups. MMP2 immunoexpression was lower 4 hr after calving in the control cows (p = 0.012) but not in the acupuncture treated cows indicating that acupuncture treatment maintained MMP expression. MMP2 tissue concentration was lower 2 hr after calving in the control cows (p = 0.048) but not in the acupuncture treated cows. MMP2 enzyme activity decreased from 0 to 2 hr after calving in control cows (p = 0.046) but not in acupuncture treated cows. This study provides physiologic evidence for the effects of acupuncture on the bovine reproductive tract and substantiates the use of this treatment in cases of placental retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Hiebel
- Department of Integrated Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Lauren Gentle
- Department of Integrated Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Alfred Menino
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Michelle Kutzler
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
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9
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Zapalska-Sozoniuk M, Chrobak L, Kowalczyk K, Kankofer M. Is it useful to use several "omics" for obtaining valuable results? Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:3597-3606. [PMID: 30989558 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04793-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The integration of cell communication and the transfer of signals from stimuli via transcription to translation and further to activation of new protein is crucial for appropriate metabolism and function of living organisms. The overall elucidation and the examination of these complex processes require multistep laboratory approaches in order to obtain results which will not only detect particular stage but also indicate the mechanisms lying upon this process. Such results will be reliable because they will cover multidirectional methods and approaches. The analysis of currently available results already provided with the conclusion that often single omics approach does not correspond with other expected information and may bring misinterpretations. That is why the integration of several "omics" is useful for searching entire explanations and answers as well as appropriate interpretation of obtained complex results. The hypothesis was stated that "from transcriptomics can not be concluded to proteomics". This review focuses on the reasons for the integration of transcriptomic, proteomic and other-omics analysis. Moreover it also describes the examples of clinical meanings and mentions some methods used in these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zapalska-Sozoniuk
- Departament of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Science in Lublin, Akademicka Street 12, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Lukasz Chrobak
- Departament of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Science in Lublin, Akademicka Street 12, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kowalczyk
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agrobioengineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka Street 15, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marta Kankofer
- Departament of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Science in Lublin, Akademicka Street 12, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
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10
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Kakabadze Z, Karalashvili L, Chakhunashvili D, Havlioglu N, Janelidze M, Kakabadze A, Sharma Y, Gupta S. Decellularized bovine placentome for portacavally-interposed heterotopic liver transplantation in rats. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 97:293-301. [PMID: 30678914 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Scaffolds from healthy placentae offer advantages for tissue engineering with undamaged matrix, associated cytoprotective molecules, and embedded vessels for revascularization. As size disparities in human placenta and small recipients hamper preclinical studies, we studied alternative of bovine placentomes in smaller size ranges. Multiple cow placentomes were decellularized and anatomical integrity was analyzed. Tissue engineering used inbred donor rat livers. Placentomes were hepatized and immediately transplanted in rats with perfusion from portal vein and drainage into inferior vena cava. Cows yielded 99 ± 16 placentomes each. Of these, approximately 25% had 3 to 9 cm diameter and 7 to 63 ml volume, which was suitable for transplantation. After decellularization, angiography and casts documented 100% of vessels and vascular networks were well-perfused without disruptions or leaks. The residual matrix also remained intact for transplantation of placentomes. Perfusion in transplanted placentomes was maintained over up to 30 days. Liver tissue reassembled with restoration of hepatic acinar and sinusoidal structure. Transplanted tissue was intact without apoptosis, or necrosis. Hepatic functions were maintained. Preservation of hepatic homeostasis was verified by cytofluorimetric analysis of hepatocyte ploidy. The prevalence in healthy and transplanted liver of diploid, tetraploid and higher ploidy classes was similar with 57%, 41% and 2% versus 51%, 46.5% and 2.6%, respectively, p = 0.77, ANOVA. CONCLUSIONS: Cow placentomes will allow therapeutic development with disease models in small animals. This will also advance drug or toxicology studies. Portasystemic interposition of engineered liver will be particularly suitable for treating hepatic insufficiencies (metabolic, secretory or detoxification needs), including for children or smaller adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zurab Kakabadze
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, Tbilisi State Medical University, 33 V. PshavelaAvenue, 0177 Tbilisi, Georgia.
| | - Lia Karalashvili
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, Tbilisi State Medical University, 33 V. PshavelaAvenue, 0177 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - David Chakhunashvili
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, Tbilisi State Medical University, 33 V. PshavelaAvenue, 0177 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Necat Havlioglu
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Pathology and Laboratory Services, VA Medical Center, Saint Louis Health Care System, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Merab Janelidze
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, Tbilisi State Medical University, 33 V. PshavelaAvenue, 0177 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Ann Kakabadze
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, Tbilisi State Medical University, 33 V. PshavelaAvenue, 0177 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Yogeshwar Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx 10461, NY, USA.
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Diabetes Center, The Irwin S. and Sylvia Chanin Institute for Cancer Research, Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx 10461, NY, USA.
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11
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Loch C, Haeger JD, Pfarrer C. IFNτ mediates chemotaxis, motility, metabolism and CK18 downregulation in bovine trophoblast cells in vitro via STAT1 and MAPK42/44 signaling. Placenta 2018; 64:17-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Timing of transcriptomic and proteomic changes in the bovine placentome after parturition. Theriogenology 2017; 100:1-7. [PMID: 28708523 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Proper post-partum reproductive performance is important for reproductive efficiency in beef cows, and dystocia decreases post-partum fertility. Crossbred beef cows (n = 1676) were evaluated for lifetime performance based on degree of dystocia at presentation of the first calf. Cows that experienced moderate or severe dystocia produced fewer calves during their productive life (P < 0.01). The exact mechanism is unclear, but may be due to the contributions of dystocia to abnormal placental separation. Proteolytic activity is hypothesized to contribute to placental separation in ruminants; however, when ovine placentomes were collected following caesarian section, no proteolytic activity was detected. We hypothesized that stage 2 of parturition was necessary to stimulate proteolysis and initiate placental separation. Serial placentome collections were performed on mature cows (n = 21 initiated; 7 with complete sampling) at hourly intervals for the first 2 h after expulsion of the calf. An intact piece of each placentome was fixed for histological evaluation, and a separate piece of caruncular and cotyledonary tissue from each placentome was frozen for transcriptomic and proteolytic analysis. A full set of placentomes was collected from only 7 of 21 cows at 0, 1, and 2 h, and all cows had expelled fetal membranes by 6 h. Histological, transcriptomic and proteolytic analysis was performed on placentomes from cows from which three placentomes were collected (n = 7). The microscopic distance between maternal and fetal tissues increased at 1 h (P = 0.01). Relative transcript abundance of matrix metalloprotease 14 (MMP14) tended to increase with time (P = 0.06). The relative transcript abundance of plasminogen activator urokinase-type (PLAU) was greater in caruncles than cotyledons (P = 0.01), and tended (P = 0.10) to increase in the caruncle between 0 and 2 h while remaining unchanged in the cotyledon over the same span of time. Greater PLAU and plasminogen activator tissue-type (PLAT) proteolytic activity was detected by zymography in the caruncle than the cotyledon immediately post-partum (P < 0.01). From these findings we conclude that 1) dystocia during the first parity decreases lifetime productivity in beef cattle, 2) the PA system is present at both the transcript and protein level in the bovine plactentome during parturition and 3) proteolytic activity is localized to the caruncular aspect of the placentome.
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13
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Bovine placentomal heparanase and syndecan expression is related to placental maturation. Placenta 2017; 57:42-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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14
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Franczyk M, Lopucki M, Stachowicz N, Morawska D, Kankofer M. Extracellular matrix proteins in healthy and retained placentas, comparing hemochorial and synepitheliochorial placentas. Placenta 2016; 50:19-24. [PMID: 28161057 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The placenta expresses structural and biologically active proteins. Their synthesis is mainly regulated by genomic or nongenomic signals and modulated by hormones. These protein profiles are altered during different stages of pregnancy. The biological properties of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins were defined and described in a number of tissues including placenta. These properties enable them to be the main players in the processes of attachment or invasion into the endometrium during initial placenta formation and its timely separation after delivery and detachment. In this review, we focused on the role of ECM proteins during attachment of the placenta to the uterine wall, its timely separation, and the implications of this process on retained or pathologically attached placenta. Although the amount of published information in this area is relatively scant, some of the key proteins and processes are well defined. We focused on the available data detailing the ECM protein profiles of human (histologically thin; hemochorial) and bovine (histologically thick; epitheliochorial) placentas and compared the shared and unique ECM proteins that are relevant to placental attachment and separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Franczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Science in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Akademicka 12, Poland.
| | - M Lopucki
- Clinic for Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Medical University, 20-081 Lublin, Staszica 16, Poland.
| | - N Stachowicz
- Ist Clinic for Gynecological Oncology and Gynecology, Medical University, 20-081 Lublin, Staszica 16, Poland.
| | - D Morawska
- Unit for Gynecology and Obstetrics with Pathology of Pregnancy, City Hospital in Swidnik, Al. Lotników Polskich 18, 21-040 Świdnik, Poland
| | - M Kankofer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Science in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Akademicka 12, Poland.
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15
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The bovine placenta in vivo and in vitro. Theriogenology 2016; 86:306-12. [PMID: 27155733 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The gross anatomic features (cotyledonary type) and histologic classification (synepitheliochorial) of the bovine placenta have been known for many years. Thorough ultrastructural analysis as well as a variety of descriptive studies dealing with the localization of cytoskeletal filaments, extracellular matrix, growth factor systems, steroid hormone receptors, and major histocompatibility complex have contributed further significant knowledge. However, this knowledge was not sufficient to solve clinical placenta-based problems, such as retained fetal membranes. Owing to the complexity of the fetomaternal interface in vitro, culture systems have been developed. As trophoblast giant cells (TGC) are thought to be key players in the cattle placenta, most cell culture models attempt to overcome the pitfall of losing the entire TGC population in vitro. Nevertheless, distinct cell line-based in vitro systems such as cell monolayers or 3-dimensional (co-culture) spheroids were generated for the fetal (trophoblast) and maternal (uterine epithelium) placental compartments. Monolayers have been used to study for example, growth factor or hormonal signaling and TGC formation, whereas spheroids served as models for, for example, trophoblast attachment, uterine epithelium depolarization, and also TGC formation. In the future, the use of more improved culture models might lead to better treatments of retained fetal membranes and increased prevention of embryonic loss. In addition, the in vitro models could shed more light on the mechanisms of the differentiation of uninucleate trophoblast into TGC.
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16
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Attupuram NM, Kumaresan A, Narayanan K, Kumar H. Cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in placental separation in the bovine: A review. Mol Reprod Dev 2016; 83:287-97. [PMID: 26970238 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Retention of fetal membranes (RFM), where the fetal placenta is not expelled within 8-12 hr after calving, lowers bovine productivity and fertility, resulting in significant economic loss to the dairy industry. Several risk factors that predispose an individual to RFM are known, but a unifying pathogenesis remains elusive due to its multifactorial etiology. Fetal membrane separation and expulsion after parturition involves structural and immunological changes of the bovine placentome that are governed predominantly by steroid hormones and the prostaglandin milieu of late pregnancy and parturition. Maturation of the placentome, a gradual and concerted event of late gestation, is likely initiated by the up-regulation of fetal major histocompatibility complex class I in the interplacentomal region-which increases the apoptosis of binucleate and other trophoblastic cells, the degradation of collagen in the extracellular matrix by matrix metalloproteinases, and an influx of phagocytic leukocytes. Shear force further distorts the crypt architecture of the mature placentomes when they are forced against the fetus during the second stage of labor. Cotyledon dehiscence from the caruncular crypts is completed following fetal expulsion as a result of acute shrinkage of the cotelydonary villi as well as reduced perfusion to the caruncle; the secundinae is expelled by uterine contractions. A better understanding of placentomal maturation, intra-partum, and immediate postpartum changes of the placentome should help develop strategies for the treatment and prevention of RFM. The present review proposes a model of placentome maturation and separation of fetal membranes in the dairy cow.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Attupuram
- Theriogenology Lab, Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - A Kumaresan
- Theriogenology Lab, Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - K Narayanan
- Division of Animal Reproduction, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - H Kumar
- Division of Animal Reproduction, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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17
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Geng J, Huang C, Jiang S. Roles and regulation of the matrix metalloproteinase system in parturition. Mol Reprod Dev 2016; 83:276-86. [PMID: 26888468 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Significant tissue destruction, repair, and remodeling are involved in parturition, which involves fetal membrane rupture, cervical ripening, and uterine contraction and its subsequent involution. Extracellular matrix degradation and remodeling by proteolytic enzymes, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), are required for the final steps of parturition. MMPs participate in physiological degradation and remodeling through their proteolytic activities on specific substrates, and are balanced by the action of their inhibitors. Disruption to this balance can result in pathological stress that ends with preterm or post-term birth or pre-eclampsia. In this review, we examine the roles and regulation of the MMP system in physiological and pathological labor, and propose a model that illustrates the mechanisms by which the MMP system contributes to these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junnan Geng
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Agricultural Ministry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Agricultural Ministry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Siwen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Agricultural Ministry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
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18
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Rapacz-Leonard A, Kankofer M, Leonard M, Wawrzykowski J, Dąbrowska M, Raś A, Paździor-Czapula K, Janowski T. Differences in extracellular matrix remodeling in the placenta of mares that retain fetal membranes and mares that deliver fetal membranes physiologically. Placenta 2015; 36:1167-77. [PMID: 26297153 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2015.07.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In mammals, placenta separation at term may involve degradation of the extracellular matrix by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The activity of MMPs is modulated by TIMPs. We hypothesized that the placentas of mares that deliver fetal membranes physiologically and those that retain fetal membranes (FMR) differ in terms of histology; mRNA expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9; protein expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-2; and the potential activity of both MMPs. METHODS Placenta biopsies were taken from mares (n = 9; 4 FMR, 5 controls) immediately after foal expulsion. Retention was defined as failure to expel all fetal membranes within 3 h of expulsion. All mares were monitored for time of expulsion. The degree of allantochorial/endometrial adhesion was determined in FMR mares, and biopsies from all mares were histologically examined. mRNA expression, protein immunolocalization, protein amount and potential enzyme activity were determined with RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, Western Blotting and zymography, respectively. RESULTS FMR mares had strong to extremely strong allantochorial/endometrial adhesion, and significantly more connective tissue in the allantochorial villi than controls. The range of MMP-2 mRNA expression levels was more than 13 times greater in FMR mares than in controls. Protein content of both MMPs and TIMP-2 differed significantly between groups. The range of potential MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity was larger in FMR mares, and MMP-2 potential activity was 1.4 times higher in controls (P = 0.02). DISCUSSION These results indicate differences in extracellular matrix remodeling in FMR mares and controls, and suggest dysregulation of MMP expression and activation in FMR mares.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rapacz-Leonard
- Department of Animal Reproduction with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, ul. Oczapowskiego 14, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - M Kankofer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, ul. Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - M Leonard
- University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 14, 10719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - J Wawrzykowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, ul. Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - M Dąbrowska
- Department of Animal Reproduction with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, ul. Oczapowskiego 14, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - A Raś
- Department of Animal Reproduction with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, ul. Oczapowskiego 14, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - K Paździor-Czapula
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, ul. Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - T Janowski
- Department of Animal Reproduction with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, ul. Oczapowskiego 14, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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Benedictus L, Koets AP, Rutten VPMG. The role of placental MHC class I expression in immune-assisted separation of the fetal membranes in cattle. J Reprod Immunol 2015. [PMID: 26202526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The bovine fetus, like that of other species, is a semi-allograft and the regulation of materno-fetal alloimmunity is critical to prevent its immunological rejection. In cattle, a materno-fetal alloimmune response may be beneficial at parturition. It is hypothesized that upregulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I on the fetal membranes toward the end of gestation induces a maternal alloimmune response that activates innate immune effector mechanisms, aiding in the loss of the adherence between the fetal membranes and the uterus. Loss of fetal-maternal adherence is pivotal for the timely expulsion of the fetal membranes and the absence (or reduction) of the maternal immune response may lead to retained fetal membranes, a common reproductive disorder of cattle. Currently, there is no effective treatment for retained fetal membranes and a better understanding of materno-fetal alloimmune-assisted separation of the fetal membranes may lead to novel targets for the treatment of retained fetal membranes. In this review, the regulation of materno-fetal alloimmunity during pregnancy in cattle, with a focus on placental MHC class I expression, and the importance of maternal alloimmunity for the timely separation of the fetal membranes, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindert Benedictus
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.165, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Ad P Koets
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.165, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.151, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Victor P M G Rutten
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.165, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.
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20
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Fingerprinting of gelatinase subtypes for different topographic regions on non-retaining placenta of Holstein cows. Animal 2014; 9:490-9. [PMID: 25322751 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731114002420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) to timely discharge of the placenta from bovine uterus at parturition is yet inconclusive, partly because of the presence of multiple MMP forms in situ. In the current study, the expression of different gelatinase subtypes on non-retaining placentas of Holstein cows was fingerprinted by using gelatin zymography. Different topographic regions on the placenta were measured separately, including the placentome-like structure and the fetal and maternal sides of interplacentomal placenta, all sampled from the central and peripheral areas of the placenta, respectively. The spontaneously ruptured umbilical cords were cross-sectioned as fetus end, middle and placenta end also for separate measurement. Body fluids including blood samples from the parturient cows, their neonatal calves and umbilical cord, as well as fetal fluids and the first colostrum were measured concomitantly. Results showed multiple forms of gelatinases subtypes in the placenta tissues and body fluids, including neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL)-MMP-9 complex, both the latent and active forms of MMP-2 and MMP-9; of them, the latent forms were much more abundantly and frequently expressed than the active forms. NGAL-MMP-9 complex was more prevalently present in the body fluids than in the placenta tissues. No distinguishable pattern of the expression of any gelatinase subtype was observed among the placentome-like structure, interplacentomal placenta and umbilical cord, or between fetal and maternal sides. Nonetheless, for interplacentomal placenta, proMMP-9 expression was higher in the central than in the peripheral area. In addition, proMMP-2 expression was higher in the rupture end (fetus end) than the placenta end of the umbilical cord. In conclusion, the current validated gelatin zymography detected a gradient proMMP-9 expression on the non-retaining placenta of cows in reverse to the proximity to the umbilical insertion point, and a gradient proMMP-2 expression on a section of the umbilical cord in reverse to the proximity to the rupture site, suggesting roles played by gelatinases in normal discharge of the placenta at term.
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21
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Porcellato I, Giontella A, Mechelli L, Del Rossi E, Brachelente C. Feline eosinophilic dermatoses: a retrospective immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of extracellular matrix remodelling. Vet Dermatol 2014; 25:86-94, e26. [PMID: 24666659 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feline eosinophilic dermatoses (FEDs) are common diseases of cats with an unknown pathogenesis. They are histologically characterized by an eosinophilic infiltration and often by the presence of flame figures (FFs) and/or areas of loss of tissue architecture, here termed necrotic foci (NF). It has been postulated that an alteration in the degradation of the extracellular matrix could be responsible for these histological features. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of proteases that are fundamental in extracellular matrix remodelling. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to investigate retrospectively the expression of a subgroup of MMPs, in particular MMP-2 and MMP-9 gelatinases, in FEDs. The expression of one of their inhibitors, TIMP-2, was also investigated in order to establish the role of these molecules in the pathogenesis of FEDs. The ultrastructural characteristics of extracellular matrix in FFs and NF were subsequently assessed. METHODS Fifty-one formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens from cutaneous and mucosal biopsies diagnosed as FEDs were investigated immunohistochemically. Two selected samples were processed for electron microscopy. RESULTS This study revealed an increased expression of MMP-2 in NF and a decreased expression of this gelatinase in FFs. An imbalance between MMP-2 and TIMP-2 was evident using immunohistochemistry. No significative results were observed for MMP-9 expression. Electron microscopy confirmed the lack of normal collagen fibres in NF, whereas in FFs only occasional, amorphous material was observed among normal collagen fibres. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Our study suggests that an imbalance in the expression of matrix metalloproteinases could be responsible for different morphological findings in FEDs. Further studies are needed to assess the role of matrix metalloproteinases in the pathogenesis of FEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Porcellato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126, Perugia, Italy
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22
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Mishra B, Koshi K, Kizaki K, Ushizawa K, Takahashi T, Hosoe M, Sato T, Ito A, Hashizume K. Expression of ADAMTS1 mRNA in bovine endometrium and placenta during gestation. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2013; 45:43-8. [PMID: 23751571 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 1 (ADAMTS1) is a secreted protease. Through the regulation of extracellular matrix remodeling or developmental processes or both, ADAMTS1 is involved in several biological functions, including ovulation and embryo receptivity. However, the expression and possible role of ADAMTS1 in bovine endometrium is unknown. In this study, we analyzed ADAMTS1 mRNA expression in bovine endometrium during the estrous cycle, peri-implantation period, and at different stages of gestation by using quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qPCR) and in situ hybridization. The qPCR results indicated that the expression of ADAMTS1 mRNA was not affected by the day of the estrous cycle and was similar to cyclic levels on day 35 of gestation; however, the expression was more abundant in cotyledonary tissues of the placenta during late gestation. The in situ hybridization study showed that ADAMTS1 mRNA was detected mainly in uterine luminal epithelia and stromal cells during the estrous cycle and peri-implantation period. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 1 mRNA was also expressed in the peri-implantation conceptus as well as in trophoblast cells, which include binucleate cells, and increased during late gestation. Furthermore, treatment of stromal cell with progesterone (300 nM) stimulated the expression of ADAMTS1 mRNA. This study indicates that ADAMTS1 participates in bovine endometrial remodeling, which is required for implantation and placental development in coordination with ovarian steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mishra
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Iwate University, Ueda 3-18-8, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
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McNeel AK, Cushman RA, Vallet JL. The plasminogen activator system in the ovine placentome during late gestation and stage-two of parturition. Mol Reprod Dev 2013; 80:466-73. [PMID: 23585221 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The process of placental separation is not completely understood. In domestic animals, especially cattle, it is important that expulsion of the fetal membranes takes place in a timely manner in order to achieve maximal reproductive efficiency. The activity of the matrix-metalloprotease (MMP) family of proteases is known to be reduced in placentomes from cases of retained placenta. Members of the MMP family are known to be activated by the plasminogen activator (PA) family of proteases. We hypothesized that the expression and activity of the PA family increase in the cotyledon and/or caruncle as parturition approaches, with maximal expression and activity at parturition. To test this hypothesis, we performed reverse-transcriptase quantitative PCR and plasminogen-casein zymography to detect the presence and activity of PA family members in the placentome leading up to and during parturition in spontaneous and dexamethasone-induced parturient ewes. The results from our experiments indicated that serine proteases inhibitor E1 (SERPINE1) mRNA abundance in the cotyledon was different between treatment groups (P = 0.0002). In the caruncle, gene expression for plasminogen activator urokinase-type (PLAU) was different (P = 0.0154), and there was a strong trend for differences in SERPINE1 expression (P = 0.0565). These results demonstrate that expression of the PA system in the placentome changes from late pregnancy to parturition, and the presence or activity of these enzymes may occur after fetal expulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony K McNeel
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service, US Meat Animal Research Center, Reproduction Research Unit, Clay Center, NE 68933-0166, USA.
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Survivin, MMP-2, MT1-MMP, and TIMP-2: their impact on survival, implantation, and proliferation of endometriotic tissues. Virchows Arch 2012; 461:589-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-012-1301-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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25
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Streyl D, Kenngott R, Herbach N, Wanke R, Blum H, Sinowatz F, Wolf E, Zerbe H, Bauersachs S. Gene expression profiling of bovine peripartal placentomes: detection of molecular pathways potentially involved in the release of foetal membranes. Reproduction 2012; 143:85-105. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-11-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying detachment of foetal membranes after birth in cows are still unclear. To address this problem in a systematic manner, we performed the first holistic transcriptome study of bovine placentomes antepartum (AP;n=4 cows) and intrapartum (IP;n=4 cows) using Affymetrix GeneChip Bovine Genome Arrays. Three placentomes were extracted from each cow, and tissue samples from the contact zones of the placentomes (foeto-maternal units) were recovered by systematic random sampling and processed for RNA extraction and for stereological quantification of cellular composition. Statistical analysis of microarray data (false discovery rate 1%) revealed 759 mRNAs with at least twofold higher levels in the samples of the AP group, whereas 514 mRNAs showed higher levels in the IP group. The differentially expressed genes were classified according to biological processes and molecular functions using the Functional Annotation Clustering tool of the DAVID Bioinformatics Resources. Genes with higher mRNA levels in the AP group were nearly completely related to mitotic cell cycle and tissue differentiation. During parturition, a complete shift occurred because the genes with higher mRNA levels in IP were nearly all related to three different physiological processes/complexes: i) apoptosis, ii) degradation of extra cellular matrix and iii) innate immune response, which play a fundamental role in placental detachment. These results are an excellent basis for future studies investigating the molecular basis of retained foetal membranes.
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Kamada H, Matsui Y, Sakurai Y, Tanigawa T, Itoh M, Kawamoto S, Kai K, Sasaki T, Takahashi K, Hayashi M, Takayama Y, Nakamura M, Kadokawa H, Ueda Y, Sutoh M, Murai M. Twelve oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid induces fetal membrane release after delivery in cows. Placenta 2011; 33:106-13. [PMID: 22118869 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 10/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Fetal fibroblast cell culture from cotyledons of bovine placenta and animal experiments close to term were used to elucidate afterbirth release and factors missing in the signal transduction mechanism for retained fetal membranes (RFM) after delivery. In cell culture the addition of arachidonic acid (Ara) to the medium caused rapid release to free floating cell in the culture dish, accompanied by matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activation, being consistent with previous in vivo observations, where a relation between MMP and fetal membrane release had been shown. Ara-induced cell floating was not inhibited by the addition of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, and not induced by the addition of PGF2α or PGE2 to replace Ara, while 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) metabolite of Ara, 12-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid (12-oxoETE), strongly induced cell floating. In the animal experiments, 12-oxoETE injection to delivery-induced cows (n = 6) using prostaglandin (PG) and dexamethazone resulted in rapid release of fetal membranes. In cows with natural calf delivery, a 12-oxoETE peak (11.7-16.8 ng/ml) was observed in maternal blood plasma prior to release of fetal membranes. This investigation thus gives new indications for that the mediator for fetal membrane release is 12-oxoETE and not PG.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kamada
- NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan.
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