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Delchiaro SB, Oliveira PVDLF, Júnior RJP, Gonçalves GD, Morotti F, Seneda MM. Relationships between antral follicle count and reproductive characteristics of embryo-recipient mares. J Equine Vet Sci 2024; 134:105029. [PMID: 38346582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Mares (n = 77) were evaluated by antral follicle count (AFC) and selected as embryo recipients. Cyclic recipients received embryos between days 4-6 after ovulation. The acyclic recipients received an intramuscular (i.m.) protocol with 5mg of estradiol benzoate (EB) on the day of donor ovulation (D0; D-4 recipient), 3mg of EB on the following day (D1; D-3 recipient), and 3mg of EB (D2; D-2 recipient). Furthermore, 1500mg of progesterone (P4) i.m. given on D0 of the recipient (D4 donor) followed by 1500mg of P4 on the day of ET (D4-6 recipient). On the ET day, the AFC and animals' weight, body condition score (BCS), corpus luteum diameter, age and degree of uterine edema (UE) were measured. Pregnancy was confirmed on days 12 and 30. Low AFC was defined as ≤11 follicles (n = 43 mares) and high AFC as >11 follicles (n = 34 mares). Data were analyzed by a mixed effect model, including AFC group, reproductive seasonality, and season (P ≤ 0.05). UE was influenced (P = 0.05) by reproductive seasonality. The conception rate was higher (P = 0.016) in recipients with low (79.07 %) than high AFC (61.76 %) and higher (P = 0.005) in cyclic (81.40 %) than anestrus (58.82 %) mares. In addition, we observed a tendency (P = 0.06) for the interaction of AFC*reproductive seasonality, showing that high*anoestrus recipients had the lowest conception rate (37.50 %b) compared to high*cyclic (83.33 %a), low*anoestrus (77.78 %a) and low*cyclic (80 %a). The conception rate was higher in cyclic recipients with low AFC. Furthermore, UE was influenced by reproductive seasonality and mares in anestrus showed a higher degree of UE than cyclic mares.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Botsaris Delchiaro
- State University of Londrina (UEL), Highway Celso Garcia Cid, PR-445, Km 380 - Campus Universitário, Londrina, PR, 86057-970, Brazil.
| | | | - Rubens José Paulossi Júnior
- State University of Londrina (UEL), Highway Celso Garcia Cid, PR-445, Km 380 - Campus Universitário, Londrina, PR, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Gabrieli Dutra Gonçalves
- State University of Londrina (UEL), Highway Celso Garcia Cid, PR-445, Km 380 - Campus Universitário, Londrina, PR, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Fábio Morotti
- State University of Londrina (UEL), Highway Celso Garcia Cid, PR-445, Km 380 - Campus Universitário, Londrina, PR, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Marcondes Seneda
- State University of Londrina (UEL), Highway Celso Garcia Cid, PR-445, Km 380 - Campus Universitário, Londrina, PR, 86057-970, Brazil.
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Hedia M, Angel-Velez D, Papas M, Peere S, Gerits I, De Coster T, Van den Branden E, Govaere J, Van Soom A, Leroy JLMR, Smits K. Oxidative stress in donor mares for ovum pick-up delays embryonic development. Theriogenology 2024; 213:109-113. [PMID: 37826984 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro production of equine embryos via ovum pick-up (OPU) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has increased rapidly. There is a marked effect of the individual mare on the outcome of OPU-ICSI, but little is known about the influence of the mare's health condition. This study aimed to investigate the potential associations between the concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs), and biological antioxidant potential (BAP) in serum of oocytes' donor mares and the subsequent embryonic development. Just before OPU, a blood sample was collected from 28 Warmblood donor mares, that were subjected to a routine OPU-ICSI program. The serum concentrations of IL-6, d-ROMs, and BAP were assayed photometrically. The maturation, cleavage and blastocyst rate as well as the kinetics of blastocyst development were recorded. The average blastocyst rate was 24.68 ± 5.16% and the average concentrations of IL-6, d-ROMs, and BAP were 519.59 ± 157.08 pg/mL, 171.30 ± 4.55 carratelli units (UCARR), and 2711.30 ± 4.55 μmol/L, respectively. Serum concentrations of IL-6, d-ROMs, and BAP were not significantly different between mares yielding at least one blastocyst (552.68 ± 235.18 pg/mL, 168.36 ± 5.56 UCARR, and 2524.80 ± 159.55 μmol/L) and mares yielding no blastocysts (468.47 ± 179.99 pg/mL, 175.85 ± 7.89 UCARR, and 2999.50 ± 300.13 μmol/L, respectively). Serum concentrations of d-ROMs were significantly lower in mares with fast growing (at day 7-8 post ICSI; 148.10 ± 8.13 UCARR) compared to those with slow growing blastocysts (≥ day 9 post ICSI; 179.41 ± 4.89 UCARR; P = 0.003). Taken together, the serum concentration of IL-6, d-ROMs, and BAP do not determine the mare's ability to produce blastocysts in vitro. Although it may be questioned whether a single sample is representative of the mare's health status, changes in serum metabolites related to oxidative stress at the time of oocyte retrieval were linked to a delayed blastocyst development in a clinical OPU-ICSI outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hedia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium; Theriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt; Gamete Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Daniel Angel-Velez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium; Research Group in Animal Sciences-INCA-CES, Universidad CES, 050021, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Marion Papas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium; Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sofie Peere
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ilse Gerits
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Tine De Coster
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Emma Van den Branden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jan Govaere
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Soom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jo L M R Leroy
- Gamete Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Katrien Smits
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Fanhani GG, Cavalieri FLB, Andreazzi MA, da Silva CI, Andreazzi KC, Pereira LDC, Emanuelli IP, Dos Santos JMG, Moreski DAB, Colombo AHB, Morotti F, Seneda MM. Progesterone Device Use Improves Ovum Pick-Up Efficiency in Acyclic Donors. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 131:104933. [PMID: 37776919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate follicular dynamics and ovum pick-up (OPU) efficacy in untreated mares or mares treated with an intravaginal progesterone (P4) device during seasonal anestrus (acyclic) and during the breeding season (cyclic). Six mares (mean age = 5 years), were recruited into an ovum pick-up scheme that was performed every 14 days with and without the P4 device, during the acyclic and cyclic phases. Aspirations amounted to seven procedures with or without the P4 device during each phase. Five ultrasound assessments were performed at each interval between the OPUs. Data on follicular number and diameter as well as the numbers of recovered and the percentage of recovered oocytes were also collected. The number of follicles from mares in the acyclic phase was higher (P < .005) regardless of the treatment. However, the follicular diameter was smaller for the P4 group (P < .005) from the 2nd to the 5th evaluation post-OPU procedure. The percentage of oocytes recovered during the acyclic phase was higher for mares treated with the P4 device (P < .005). The P4 device resulted in follicles with smaller diameters and facilitated OPU efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Genta Fanhani
- Campus Maringá, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologias Limpas e Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Cesumar (UNICESUMAR), Maringá, Parana, Brazil
| | - Fábio Luiz Bim Cavalieri
- Campus Maringá, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologias Limpas e Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Cesumar (UNICESUMAR), Maringá, Parana, Brazil
| | - Márcia Aparecida Andreazzi
- Campus Maringá, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologias Limpas e Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Cesumar (UNICESUMAR), Maringá, Parana, Brazil
| | - Caroline Isabela da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Parana, Brazil
| | - Kelly Cristina Andreazzi
- Campus Maringá, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologias Limpas e Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Cesumar (UNICESUMAR), Maringá, Parana, Brazil
| | - Letícia da Costa Pereira
- Campus Maringá, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologias Limpas e Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Cesumar (UNICESUMAR), Maringá, Parana, Brazil
| | - Isabele Picada Emanuelli
- Campus Maringá, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologias Limpas e Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Cesumar (UNICESUMAR), Maringá, Parana, Brazil
| | - José Maurício Gonçalves Dos Santos
- Campus Maringá, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologias Limpas e Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Cesumar (UNICESUMAR), Maringá, Parana, Brazil
| | - Danieli Aparecida Bobbo Moreski
- Campus Maringá, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologias Limpas e Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Cesumar (UNICESUMAR), Maringá, Parana, Brazil
| | - Antonio Hugo Bezerra Colombo
- Campus Maringá, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologias Limpas e Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Cesumar (UNICESUMAR), Maringá, Parana, Brazil
| | - Fábio Morotti
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução Animal, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Marcondes Seneda
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução Animal, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Parana, Brazil.
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Satué K, Fazio E, Medica P. Estrogen-iron axis in cyclic mares: Effect of age. Theriogenology 2023; 209:178-183. [PMID: 37418858 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
In woman and in animal models, estrogens are involved in iron (Fe) homeostasis supporting the hypothesis of the existence of an "estrogen-iron axis". Since advancing age leads to a decrease in estrogen levels, the mechanisms of Fe regulation could be compromised. In cyclic and pregnant mares, to date, there is evidence linking the iron state with estrogens pattern. Then, the objective of this study was to determine the relationship among Fe, ferritin (Ferr), hepcidin (Hepc) and estradiol-17β (E2) in cyclic mares with advancing age. A total of 40 Spanish Purebred mares of different ranges of age was analyzed: 4-6 years (n = 10), 7-9 years (n = 10), 10-12 years (n = 10), and >12 years (n = 10). Blood samples were obtained on days -5, 0, +5 and + 16 of the cycle. Compared to mares of 4-6 years, serum Ferr was significantly higher (P < 0.01) and Fe significantly lower (P < 0.01) in mares >12 years of age. Hepc was significantly higher in mares >12 years (P < 0.01) than in those 7-9 years of age. E2 levels were higher in mares of 7-9 years (P < 0.01) than in 4-6 and >12 years of age. Fe and Ferr were negatively correlated with Hepc (r = -0.71 and r = -0.02, respectively). E2 was negatively correlated with Ferr and Hepc (r = -0.28 and r = -0.50, respectively), and positively with Fe (r = 0.31). There is a direct relationship between E2 and Fe metabolism, mediated by the inhibition of Hepc in Spanish Purebred mares. The reduction of E2 decreases the inhibitory effects on Hepc, increasing the levels of stored Fe and mobilizing less the free Fe in circulation. Based on the fact that ovarian estrogens participate in changes in the parameters indicative of iron status with age, the existence of an "estrogen-iron axis" in the mares'estrous cycle could be considered. Future studies are required to clarify these hormonal and metabolic interrelationships in the mare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiuska Satué
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, CEU-Cardenal Herrera University, Tirant lo Blanc, 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Esterina Fazio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Physiology Unit, Polo Universitario Annunziata, Via Palatucci 13, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Pietro Medica
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Physiology Unit, Polo Universitario Annunziata, Via Palatucci 13, 98168, Messina, Italy
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5
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Success rate in a clinical equine in vitro embryo production program. Theriogenology 2022; 187:215-218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mainguy-Seers S, Diaw M, Lavoie JP. Lung Function Variation during the Estrus Cycle of Mares Affected by Severe Asthma. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12040494. [PMID: 35203202 PMCID: PMC8868231 DOI: 10.3390/ani12040494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The estrus cycle and sex hormones influence asthma development and severity in humans, but whether the same is occurring in the asthma of horses is unknown. Severe equine asthma (SEA) is characterized by breathing difficulty, even at rest, and although it can be controlled by management and medication, it remains incurable. Stabling and hay feeding are the main contributors to disease exacerbation, but other factors could possibly alter the respiratory compromise. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the estrus cycle on airway dysfunction in five mares affected by SEA by assessing the lung function during the follicular and luteal phases of the reproductive cycle. The inspiratory obstruction improved during the luteal phase and the variation in progesterone and the dominant follicle size correlated with lung function parameters, suggesting a role for sex hormones in asthma pathophysiology. This first description of the estrus cycle’s modulation of airway obstruction in horses supports further studies to uncover the effects of sex hormones in asthma in horses and humans. Abstract While the prevalence of asthma is higher in boys than in girls during childhood, this tendency reverses at puberty, suggesting an effect of sex hormones on the disease pathophysiology. Fluctuations of asthma severity concurring with the estrus cycle are reported in women, but this phenomenon has never been investigated in mares to date. The objective of this exploratory study was to determine whether the estrus cycle modulates airway obstruction in severe equine asthma (SEA). Five mares with SEA during exacerbation of the disease were studied. The whole breath, expiratory and inspiratory resistance, and reactance were compared during the follicular and luteal phases of the estrus cycle. The reproductive tract was evaluated by rectal palpation, ultrasound, and serum progesterone levels. The inspiratory resistance and reactance improved during the luteal phase of the estrus cycle, and variation in progesterone levels and the dominant follicle size correlated with several lung function parameters. The fluctuation of airway dysfunction during the estrus cycle is noteworthy as deterioration of the disease could perhaps be expected and prevented by horse owners and veterinarians. Further studies are required to determine if the equine species could be a suitable model to evaluate the effects of sex hormones on asthma.
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Derisoud E, Auclair-Ronzaud J, Palmer E, Robles M, Chavatte-Palmer P. Female age and parity in horses: how and why does it matter? Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 34:52-116. [PMID: 35231230 DOI: 10.1071/rd21267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although puberty can occur as early as 14-15months of age, depending on breed and use, the reproductive career of mares may continue to advanced ages. Once mares are used as broodmares, they will usually produce foals once a year until they become unfertile, and their productivity can be enhanced and/or prolonged through embryo technologies. There is a general consensus that old mares are less fertile, but maternal age and parity are confounding factors because nulliparous mares are usually younger and older mares are multiparous in most studies. This review shows that age critically affects cyclicity, folliculogenesis, oocyte and embryo quality as well as presence of oviductal masses and uterine tract function. Maternal parity has a non-linear effect. Primiparity has a major influence on placental and foal development, with smaller foals at the first gestation that remain smaller postnatally. After the first gestation, endometrial quality and uterine clearance capacities decline progressively with increasing parity and age, whilst placental and foal birthweight and milk production increase. These combined effects should be carefully balanced when breeding mares, in particular when choosing and caring for recipients and their foals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Derisoud
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; and Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Eric Palmer
- Académie d'Agriculture de France, 75007 Paris, France
| | - Morgane Robles
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; and Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; and INRS Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, H7V 1B7 Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Pascale Chavatte-Palmer
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; and Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
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Requena F, Campos MJAPM, Martínez Marín AL, Camacho R, Giráldez-Pérez RM, Agüera EI. Assessment of Age Effects on Ovarian Hemodynamics Using Doppler Ultrasound and Progesterone Concentrations in Cycling Spanish Purebred Mares. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082339. [PMID: 34438797 PMCID: PMC8388672 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Power Doppler is a non-invasive imaging technique that allows complete monitoring of the ovary changes in cycling mares. We use Power Doppler to investigate differences in follicular diameter and corpus luteum area as well as in follicular and corpus luteum blood flows between young and mature Spanish Purebred mares. Young mares had higher follicular and corpus luteum blood flows as well as higher blood progesterone levels. Moreover, we found that blood progesterone levels could be predicted in both groups from corpus luteum blood flow with moderate precision and accuracy. These results support the usefulness of Power Doppler to monitor ovarian hemodynamics and the suitability of corpus luteum blood flow to estimate blood progesterone levels in cycling mares. Abstract In equine reproduction, accurate and timely detection of the moment of ovulation is of great importance. Power Doppler ultrasound technology is a non-invasive method that enables to assess the morpho-echogenic features and blood flow changes during the estral cycle in mares. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of age on ultrasonographic parameters (follicular diameter, follicular blood flow—FBF, corpus luteum (CL) area and corpus luteum blood flow—CLBF) and blood plasma progesterone concentrations in cycling Spanish Purebred mares (15 less than 8 years old and 15 equal o higher than 8 years old). The ultrasound images obtained were analyzed with the Image Colour Summarizer software, which allows the quantification of the pixels of each image. Young mares had significantly higher FBF, CLBF and plasma progesterone levels. Moreover, linear regression analysis showed that blood progesterone levels could be predicted in both groups from CLBF with moderate precision and accuracy. In conclusion, Power Doppler was useful to assess ovarian hemodynamics. Our results support that age is a factor that significantly influences FBF and CLBF as well as blood progesterone concentration in mares. More studies would be needed to develop high precision and accuracy predictive models of blood progesterone concentration from CLBF measured by Power Doppler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Requena
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz km 396, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (F.R.); (R.C.); (R.M.G.-P.)
| | - María Joana A. P. M. Campos
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz km 396, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (M.J.A.P.M.C.); (A.L.M.M.)
| | - Andrés Luis Martínez Marín
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz km 396, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (M.J.A.P.M.C.); (A.L.M.M.)
| | - Rocío Camacho
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz km 396, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (F.R.); (R.C.); (R.M.G.-P.)
| | - Rosa M. Giráldez-Pérez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz km 396, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (F.R.); (R.C.); (R.M.G.-P.)
| | - Estrella I. Agüera
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz km 396, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (F.R.); (R.C.); (R.M.G.-P.)
- Correspondence:
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Hormonal Levels and Follicular Dynamics in Relation to the Oestrous Cycle in Barb and Arabian Mares, Algeria. FOLIA VETERINARIA 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/fv-2021-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This current study is an effort to understand the hormonal and follicular growth in the Barb and Arabian mares during the oestrous cycle; as mares are unique creatures. A total of 53 mares with 97 oestrous cycles were studied. The mares with a mean age of 10.38 ± 4.55 were examined by ultrasonography every day during their breeding season (2017). Two blood samples from each mare (n = 24) were obtained for progesterone (P4), oestrogen (oestradiol-17 beta) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) determinations. The data revealed that the duration of the oestrous cycle was between 19 to 22 days. The pre-ovulatory follicle grew (3.02 ± 1.04) millimetre per day. The rate of cycles exploited in the mare (Arabian versus Barb) for conception was significantly different (P < 0.001). The maximal diameter of the follicle was 50.00 millimetre. The serum progesterone levels (P < 0.01) in mares were significantly higher in the luteal phase than those recorded during the time of oestrous. However, the levels of oestradiol and for FSH did not significantly change during the oestrous cycle in the mares. Determining the association between the size of the follicle and the hormone profiles were the most reliable criterion in the prediction of ovulation.
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Goncalves GR, Morotti F, Colombo AHB, Bonato DV, Bizarro-Silva C, Rosa CO, Cavalieri FLB, Seneda MM. Influence of age and ovarian antral follicle count on the reproductive characteristics of embryo donor mares. Vet Rec 2020; 186:564. [PMID: 31896722 DOI: 10.1136/vr.105526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age and antral follicle count (AFC) are related to fertility in cattle, but this information remains limited in mares. METHODS To verify the influence of age and AFC on the reproductive characteristics of mares, 15 Quarter Horse donors, with 5-15 antral follicles, ranging from three to 17 years old, healthy and in good nutritional status, were divided into groups with low AFC (≤9 follicles) or high AFC (≥10 follicles) and mares considered young (≤9 years) or old (≥10 years). Mares were submitted to ultrasonography to determine the dominant follicle diameter, follicular growth rate, degree of uterine oedema and embryonic recovery for a minimum of three oestrous cycles. RESULTS AFC was higher (P=0.001) in young mares compared with old mares. An interaction (P=0.001) between AFC and age was observed with regard to follicular growth rate, being that mares with low AFC and are old showed the lowest follicular growth compared with those of low AFC and young, high AFC and old, and high AFC and young. Younger mares and those with high AFC exhibited higher degree of uterine oedema (P<0.05) on the third day of oestrus compared with older mares and with low AFC (3 and 2, respectively). However, in both groups, the degree of oedema reduced by the time of ovulation. CONCLUSION Follicular growth rate, degree of uterine oedema and the number of antral follicles are higher in young mares with high AFC. However, the rate of embryonic recovery is not influenced by donors' age or AFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Romero Goncalves
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Inga University Center - UNINGÁ, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Fábio Morotti
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | | | - Denis Vinicius Bonato
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Camila Bizarro-Silva
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Camila Oliveira Rosa
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Fábio Luiz Bim Cavalieri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, High Education Center of Maringa - CESUMAR, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
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11
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Uliani RC, Conley AJ, Corbin CJ, Friso AM, Maciel LFS, Alvarenga MA. Anti-Müllerian hormone and ovarian aging in mares. J Endocrinol 2019; 240:147-156. [PMID: 30400031 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is used as a marker of follicle population numbers and potential fertility in several species including horses but limited data exist across the lifespan. No one has decreased ovarian reserve experimentally to investigate whether a corresponding, quantitative decrease in AMH results. Concentrations of AMH across the lifespan were compiled from 1101 equine females sampled from birth to >33 years of age. Young and old mares (averaging 6 and 19 years) were hemi-ovariectomized and circulating AMH was assessed before and daily thereafter for 15 days. The remaining ovary was removed later and blood was drawn again before and after this second surgery for AMH determination. Polynomial regression analysis and analysis of mares grouped by 5-year intervals of age demonstrated AMH concentrations to be higher in mares aged 5-10 and 10-15 years than 0-5 years of age and lower in mares after 20 years of age. There was high variability in AMH concentrations among neonatal fillies, some of which had concentrations typical of males. Hemi-ovariectomy was followed by a decrease of AMH, almost exactly halving concentrations in intact mares. Concentrations of AMH had returned to intact levels in old mares before complete ovariectomy, as if exhibiting ovarian compensatory hypertrophy, but recovery of AMH was not evident in young mares. AMH may reflect ovarian senescence in mares after 20 years of age but is too variable to do so in the first two decades of life. The ovarian endocrine response to hemi-ovariectomy in mares appears to change with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata C Uliani
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alan J Conley
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - C Jo Corbin
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Aimê M Friso
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana F S Maciel
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco A Alvarenga
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Camargo Ferreira J, Linhares Boakari Y, Sousa Rocha N, Saules Ignácio F, Barbosa da Costa G, de Meira C. Luteal vascularity and embryo dynamics in mares during early gestation: Effect of age and endometrial degeneration. Reprod Domest Anim 2019; 54:571-579. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.13396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jair Camargo Ferreira
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Botucatu Brazil
- Veterinary Science Graduate Program University of Franca Franca Brazil
| | - Yatta Linhares Boakari
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Botucatu Brazil
| | - Noeme Sousa Rocha
- Department of Veterinary Clinics São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Botucatu Brazil
| | - Fernanda Saules Ignácio
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Botucatu Brazil
| | | | - Cezinande de Meira
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Botucatu Brazil
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13
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Inhibin-A and inhibin-B in cyclic and pregnant mares, and mares with granulosa-theca cell tumors: Physiological and diagnostic implications. Theriogenology 2017; 108:192-200. [PMID: 29227911 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Studies in mares have examined serum inhibin concentrations using immuno-assays unable to distinguish dimeric inhibin-A from inhibin-B isoforms. Inhibin-A and inhibin-B immuno-assays were used to investigate concentrations in cyclic mares, young and old (6 vs 19 years old, respectively) mares following hemi-ovariectomy, mares during pregnancy and in mares with confirmed granulosa cell tumors (GCTs). Mares with inter-ovulatory intervals of 26 days had ovulatory peaks of inhibin-A averaging 80 pg/mL with a mid-cycle nadir of 5 pg/mL. Inhibin-A and inhibin-B concentrations were highly correlated (r = + 0.79, P < 0.01) though peak and nadir concentrations of inhibin-B were not significantly different. However, the ratio of inhibin-A to inhibin-B (A/B) changed significantly through the cycle, highest at ovulation and <1 (more inhibin-B than -A) at mid-cycle. Two mares with grossly extended inter-ovulatory intervals demonstrated mid-cycle inhibin-A (and inhibin-B) excursions suggestive of follicular waves. Follicle-stimulating hormone was negatively correlated with inhibin-A and -B concentrations in all 6 mares. Hemi-ovariectomy in young mares resulted in a significant decrease in inhibin-A and inhibin-B concentrations one day later (P < 0.05) but older mares did not, suggesting a possible extra-ovarian source(s) of these hormones. Both inhibin isoforms dropped to very low levels during pregnancy (P < 0.0001), inhibin-A (P < 0.0001) more rapidly than -B (P < 0.05), so that inhibin-B became the predominant measured form throughout most of gestation (P < 0.05). Mares with confirmed GCTs had elevated inhibin-B concentrations more reliably than inhibin-A but neither inhibin-A or -B was correlated with anti-Müllerian hormone concentrations. Collectively, concentrations of inhibin-A and -B were aligned with physiological events in healthy mares, though more pronounced cyclic changes were seen with inhibin-A. Inhibin-B concentrations were significantly associated with GCTs (P < 0.01), inhibin-A concentrations were not. While both inhibin-A and -B concentrations track physiological events such as cyclic follicular activity, only inhibin-B concentrations effectively signal ovarian neoplasia in mares.
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14
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Siemieniuch MJ, Gajos K, Kozdrowski R, Nowak M. Advanced age in mares affects endometrial secretion of arachidonic acid metabolites during equine subclinical endometritis. Theriogenology 2017; 103:191-196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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