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Mohamed E, García Martínez DJ, Hosseini MS, Yoong SQ, Fletcher D, Hart S, Guinn BA. Identification of biomarkers for the early detection of non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Carcinogenesis 2024; 45:1-22. [PMID: 38066655 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgad091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) causes few symptoms in the earliest stages, leading to one of the highest mortality rates among cancers. Low-dose computerised tomography (LDCT) is used to screen high-risk individuals, reducing the mortality rate by 20%. However, LDCT results in a high number of false positives and is associated with unnecessary follow-up and cost. Biomarkers with high sensitivities and specificities could assist in the early detection of LC, especially in patients with high-risk features. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 19 fragments and cancer antigen 125 have been found to be highly expressed during the later stages of LC but have low sensitivity in the earliest stages. We determined the best biomarkers for the early diagnosis of LC, using a systematic review of eight databases. We identified 98 articles that focussed on the identification and assessment of diagnostic biomarkers and achieved a pooled area under curve of 0.85 (95% CI 0.82-0.088), indicating that the diagnostic performance of these biomarkers when combined was excellent. Of the studies, 30 focussed on single/antigen panels, 22 on autoantibodies, 31 on miRNA and RNA panels, and 15 suggested the use of circulating DNA combined with CEA or neuron-specific enolase (NSE) for early LC detection. Verification of blood biomarkers with high sensitivities (Ciz1, exoGCC2, ITGA2B), high specificities (CYFR21-1, antiHE4, OPNV) or both (HSP90α, CEA) along with miR-15b and miR-27b/miR-21 from sputum may improve early LC detection. Further assessment is needed using appropriate sample sizes, control groups that include patients with non-malignant conditions, and standardised cut-off levels for each biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eithar Mohamed
- Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Kingston-upon-Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Daniel J García Martínez
- Department of Biotechnology, Pozuelo de Alarcón, University Francisco De Vitoria, Madrid, 28223, Spain
| | - Mohammad-Salar Hosseini
- Research Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Si Qi Yoong
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Daniel Fletcher
- Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Kingston-upon-Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Simon Hart
- Respiratory Medicine, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Kingston-upon-Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Barbara-Ann Guinn
- Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Kingston-upon-Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
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2
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Ren J, Liu R. The Implication of Liquid Biopsy in the Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Potential and Expectation. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2695:145-163. [PMID: 37450117 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3346-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, lung cancer has remained the most lethal cancer, despite great advances in diagnosis and treatment. However, a large proportion of patients were diagnosed with locally advanced or metastatic disease and have poor prognosis. Immunotherapy and targeted drugs have greatly improved the survival and prognosis of patients with advanced lung cancer. However, how to identify the optimal patients to accept those therapies and how to monitor therapeutic efficacy are still in dispute. In the past few decades, tissue biopsy, including percutaneous fine needle biopsy and surgical excision, has still been the gold standard for examining the gene mutation such as EGFR, ALK, ROS, and PD-1/PD/L1, which can indicate the follow-up treatment. Nevertheless, the biopsy techniques mentioned above were invasive and unrepeatable, which were not suitable for advanced patients. Liquid biopsy, accounting for heterogeneity compared with tissue biopsy, is an alternative technique for monitoring the mutation, and a large quantity of research has demonstrated its feasibility to detect the circulating tumor cell, cell-free DNA, circulating tumor DNA, and extracellular vesicles from peripheral venous blood. The proposal of the concept of precision medicine brings a novel medical model developed with the rapid progress of genome sequencing technology and the cross-application of bioinformation, which was based on personalized medicine. The emerging method of liquid biopsy might contribute to promoting the development of precision medicine. In this review, we intend to describe the liquid biopsy in non-small cell lung cancer in detail in the aspect of screening, diagnosis, monitoring, treatment, and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghao Ren
- Shanghai Lung Tumor Clinical Medicine Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ruijun Liu
- Shanghai Lung Tumor Clinical Medicine Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Wu WS, Wu HY, Wang PH, Chen TY, Chen KR, Chang CW, Lee DE, Lin BH, Chang WCW, Liao PC. LCMD: Lung Cancer Metabolome Database. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:65-78. [PMID: 34976312 PMCID: PMC8683384 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer, one of the most common causes of cancer-related death worldwide, has been associated with high treatment cost and imposed great burdens. The 5-year postoperative survival rate of lung cancer (13%) is lower than many other leading cancers indicating the urgent needs to dissect its pathogenic mechanisms and discover specific biomarkers. Although several proteins have been proposed to be potential candidates for the diagnosis of lung cancer, they present low accuracy in clinical settings. Metabolomics has thus emerged as a very promising tool for biomarker discovery. To date, many lung cancer-related metabolites have been highlighted in the literature but no database is available for scientists to retrieve this information. Herein, we construct and introduce the first Lung Cancer Metabolome Database (LCMD), a freely available online database depositing 2013 lung cancer-related metabolites identified from 65 mass spectrometry-based lung cancer metabolomics studies. Researchers are able to explore LCMD via two ways. Firstly, by applying various filters in the “Browse Metabolites” mode, users can access a list of lung cancer-related metabolites that satisfy the filter specifications. For each metabolite, users can acquire the value of the fold change (cancer/normal), statistical significance (p-value) of the fold change, and the comparative research designs of all the mass spectrometry-based lung cancer metabolomics studies that identify this metabolite. Secondly, by applying various filters in the “Browse Studies” mode, users can obtain a list of mass spectrometry-based lung cancer metabolomics studies that satisfy the filter specifications. For each study, users can view the type of studied specimen, mass spectrometry (MS) method, MS data processing software, and differential analysis method, as well as all the identified lung cancer-related metabolites. Furthermore, the overview of each study is clearly illustrated by a graphical summary. The LCMD (http://cosbi7.ee.ncku.edu.tw/LCMD/) is the first database that brings together the meaningful information of lung cancer-related metabolites. The development of the LCMD is envisioned to promote the biomarker discovery of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Sheng Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Wu
- Instrumentation Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Hsuan Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ru Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Chang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Dong-En Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Heng Lin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - William Chih-Wei Chang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.,Master Degree Program in Toxicology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Chi Liao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.,Department of Food Safety / Hygiene and Risk Management, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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Wadowska K, Bil-Lula I, Trembecki Ł, Śliwińska-Mossoń M. Genetic Markers in Lung Cancer Diagnosis: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4569. [PMID: 32604993 PMCID: PMC7369725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most often diagnosed cancer in the world and the most frequent cause of cancer death. The prognosis for lung cancer is relatively poor and 75% of patients are diagnosed at its advanced stage. The currently used diagnostic tools are not sensitive enough and do not enable diagnosis at the early stage of the disease. Therefore, searching for new methods of early and accurate diagnosis of lung cancer is crucial for its effective treatment. Lung cancer is the result of multistage carcinogenesis with gradually increasing genetic and epigenetic changes. Screening for the characteristic genetic markers could enable the diagnosis of lung cancer at its early stage. The aim of this review was the summarization of both the preclinical and clinical approaches in the genetic diagnostics of lung cancer. The advancement of molecular strategies and analytic platforms makes it possible to analyze the genome changes leading to cancer development-i.e., the potential biomarkers of lung cancer. In the reviewed studies, the diagnostic values of microsatellite changes, DNA hypermethylation, and p53 and KRAS gene mutations, as well as microRNAs expression, have been analyzed as potential genetic markers. It seems that microRNAs and their expression profiles have the greatest diagnostic potential value in lung cancer diagnosis, but their quantification requires standardization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Wadowska
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Haematology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.W.); (I.B.-L.)
| | - Iwona Bil-Lula
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Haematology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.W.); (I.B.-L.)
| | - Łukasz Trembecki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lower Silesian Oncology Center, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mariola Śliwińska-Mossoń
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Haematology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.W.); (I.B.-L.)
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Cheng Y, He J, Zhang L, Chen X, Ou S. Evaluation of chemiluminescent immunoassay quantitative detection for pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP) in serum and plasma. J Int Med Res 2019; 48:300060519882802. [PMID: 31856626 PMCID: PMC7607052 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519882802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate a newly developed Hybiome ProGRP chemiluminescent assay. METHODS Analytical sensitivity, precision, recovery, and equivalency of serum and plasma, serum stability, and complement interference of the Hybiome ProGRP assay were evaluated. Serum specimens from 318 individuals including 38 small cell lung cancer (SCLC), 65 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), 53 benign lung diseases, and 162 healthy controls were assessed using the Hybiome ProGRP assay and Roche Elecsys ProGRP assay, and the results were compared. RESULTS The Hybiome ProGRP assay showed good analytical sensitivity, precision, and accuracy, and it showed equivalence between serum and plasma and serum stability. The methodological comparison results showed good correlation between the Hybiome and Roche assays (slope, 0.9889; intercept, 1.28). Both the Hybiome and Roche assays showed good ability to distinguish between SCLC and NSCLC. Based on 95% specificity in the NSCLC cohort, a clinical differentiation cut-off for separating SCLC from NSCLC patients was 114 pg/mL for the Hybiome assay and 117 pg/mL for the Roche assay; the AUC was 0.9166 and the sensitivity was 71.05% for Hybiome and 0.9045 and 76.32% for Roche, respectively. CONCLUSION The Hybiome ProGRP chemiluminescent assay shows good analytical performance and good correlation with the Roche Elecsys ProGRP assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhuang Cheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Jing He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Liping Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Xiufa Chen
- Suzhou Hybiome Biomedical Engineering Co. LTD, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Saiying Ou
- Suzhou Hybiome Biomedical Engineering Co. LTD, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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6
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Sun Q, Zhao W, Wang L, Guo F, Song D, Zhang Q, Zhang D, Fan Y, Wang J. Integration of metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles to identify biomarkers in serum of lung cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:11981-11989. [PMID: 30805978 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We used blood serum samples collected from 31 lung cancer (LC) patients and 29 healthy volunteers in this study. Levels of serum metabolites were qualitative quantified with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the data were analyzed by partial least-squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA). Based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database, we performed pathway-based analysis utilizing metabolites presented at differential abundance between the LC serum samples and the normal healthy serum samples for systematical investigation on the metabolic alterations associated with LC pathogenesis. Finally, we analyzed the significantly enriched pathways as well as their relevant differentially expressed messenger RNAs, and drawn a correlation network plot to identify the serum metabolic biomarkers and the significantly altered metabolic pathways for LC. GC-MS analysis showed that 23 of the 169 metabolites identified were significantly different. PLS-DA model revealed that 13 of these metabolites were with variable importance > 1, and particularly five were with area under curve > 0.9. Pathway-based analysis demonstrated that five of eight enriched metabolic pathways were statistically significant with false discovery rate < 0.05. Lastly, the correlation networks between these pathways and their related genes suggested that 29 genes had correlation degree > 10, which were mainly engaged in the purine metabolism. In conclusion, we identified indole-3-lactate, erythritol, adenosine-5-phosphate, paracetamol and threitol as serum metabolic biomarkers for LC through metabolomics analysis. Besides, we identified the purine metabolism as the significantly altered metabolic pathway in LC with the help of transcriptomics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Sun
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fei Guo
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dongjian Song
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Da Zhang
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yingzhong Fan
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiaxiang Wang
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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7
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Metabolomic study of serum, urine and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid based on gas chromatography mass spectrometry to delve into the pathology of lung cancer. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 163:122-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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8
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Yang Y, Zheng T, Jiang H, Tang A, Xiang Z. Reference intervals for serum progastrin-releasing peptide in healthy Chinese adults with electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 33:1724600818776828. [PMID: 29888676 DOI: 10.1177/1724600818776828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reliable reference intervals for serum progastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP) in healthy Chinese adults with electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) are still lacking in the Chinese population. OBJECTIVES The study aims to establish reference intervals for ProGRP with ECLIA in apparently healthy Chinese adults. METHODS A total of 384 apparently healthy individuals from six representative geographical regions in China were enrolled: 200 males and 184 females with a mean age of 43.4±12.2 years, and an age range from 21 to 85 years. Serum ProGRP levels were analyzed on Cobas e601 automatic immunoassay analyzer with ECLIA. Reference intervals for serum ProGRP with ECLIA were determined following CLSI C28-A3 guidelines using a nonparametric method. RESULTS In an apparently healthy Chinese population, the reference intervals for serum ProGRP with ECLIA were ⩽53.92 ng/L for adults aged 21-70 years and ⩽75.69 ng/L for adults aged >70 years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The reference values for serum ProGRP with ECLIA in an apparently healthy Chinese population were established according to the CLSI C28-A3 document, providing a reference for the clinical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqing Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Taiqing Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Hongmin Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Aiguo Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Zhongyuan Xiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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KORSE CM, HOLDENRIEDER S, ZHI X, ZAHNG X, QIU L, GEISTANGER A, LISY MR, WEHNL B, van den BROEK D, ESCUDERO JM, STANDOP J, HU M, MOLINA R. [Multicenter Evaluation of A New Progastrin-releasing Peptide (ProGRP) Immunoassay across Europe and China]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2017; 20:568-577. [PMID: 28855039 PMCID: PMC6128953 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2017.08.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
背景 在欧洲和中国进行Elecsys®胃泌素释放肽前体(ProGRP)免疫检测的多中心评估研究。 方法 在欧洲的3个中心和中国的2个中心,在肺癌中,通过不精密度、稳定性、方法学比较和鉴别诊断能力来评价该检测法。 结果 5个分析物浓度的中间不精密度范围为变异系数:2.2%-6.0%。在不同储存条件下,血浆和血清样本均显示出良好的稳定性。在血浆中Elecsys®和ARCHITECT检测(斜率1.02,截距-2.72 pg/mL)之间表现出良好的相关性。同时,Elecsys®检测在血清和血浆样本之间表现出良好的相关性(斜率0.93,截距2.35 pg/mL;相关系数0.97)。ProGRP作为不受种族、年龄、性别或吸烟史相关影响的检测手段,可鉴别小细胞和非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC);截断值为84 pg/mL时,曲线下面积为0.90,95%CI: 0.87-0.93;敏感性为78.3%,特异性为95%。ProGRP浓度中位数在良性病变(38 pg/mL)、其他恶性肿瘤(40 pg/mL)或NSCLC(39 pg/mL)中较低,而在3期以上慢性肾脏疾病中浓度较高(>100 pg/mL)。 结论 Elecsys® ProGRP检测在血清和血浆中稳定性增加,较现有检测法明显更具优势。ProGRP检测在中国的首次评价在不同种族中显示出相当的鉴别能力。
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina M. KORSE
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066CX, The Netherlands,Catharina M. KORSE. The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066CX, The Netherlands E-mail:
| | - Stefan HOLDENRIEDER
- University Hospital Bonn and Center of Integrative Oncology Cologne/Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse, Bonn 25-53127, Germany
| | - Xiuyi ZHI
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xiaotong ZAHNG
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), 1Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ling QIU
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), 1Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | | | | | - Birgit WEHNL
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, Penzberg 82377, Germany
| | - Daan van den BROEK
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066CX, The Netherlands
| | - José M. ESCUDERO
- Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Carrer Villarroel 170, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Jens STANDOP
- University Hospital Bonn and Center of Integrative Oncology Cologne/Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse, Bonn 25-53127, Germany
| | - Mu HU
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Rafael MOLINA
- Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Carrer Villarroel 170, Barcelona 08036, Spain
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The possibility of complete recovery for a lung cancer patient depends on very early diagnosis, as it allows total surgical resection. Screening for this cancer in a high-risk population can be performed using a radiological approach, but this holds a certain number of limitations. Liquid biopsy could become an alternative and complementary screening approach to chest imaging for early diagnosis of lung cancer. RECENT FINDINGS Several circulating biomarkers indicative of lung cancer can be investigated in blood, such as circulating tumor cells, circulating free nucleic acids (RNA and DNA) and proteins. However, none of these biomarkers have yet been adopted in routine clinical practice and studies are ongoing to confirm or not the usefulness and practical interest in routine early diagnosis and screening for lung cancers. SUMMARY Several potential circulating biomarkers for the early detection of lung cancer exist. When coupled to thoracic imaging, these biomarkers must give diagnosis of a totally resectable lung cancer and potentially provide new recommendations for surveillance by imagery of high-risk populations without a detectable nodule. Optimization of the specificity and sensitivity of the detection methods as well as standardization of the techniques is essential before considering for daily practice a liquid biopsy as an early diagnostic tool, or possibly as a predictive test, of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hofman
- aLaboratory of Clinical and Experimental PathologybLiquid Biopsy Laboratory, Pasteur Hospital, University of Nice Sophia AntipoliscHospital-Related Biobank (BB-0033-00025), Pasteur Hospital, Côte d'Azur UniversitydUniversity Hospital Federation OncoAge, Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France
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11
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Di H, Liu H, Li M, Li J, Liu D. High-Precision Profiling of Sialic Acid Expression in Cancer Cells and Tissues Using Background-Free Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Tags. Anal Chem 2017; 89:5874-5881. [PMID: 28462995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Precise profiling of the sialic acid (SA) expression on the membrane of cancer cells is critical for early identification of cancers and assessment of cancer metastasis. However, the complex physiological environments often result in false positives with currently available imaging technologies. Herein, we have established a background-free surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) imaging platform that allows high-precision profiling of SA expression in cancer cells and differentiation of clinically relevant cancer tissues with various metastasis degrees. Three-dimensional Raman imaging technique provided a deeper insight into visualizing the probe distribution and thus the SA expression at the single-cell level, without destructing the cells. This noninvasive, high-precision imaging technique could favor early diagnosis, staging, and monitoring therapeutic responses of cancers that are highly essential in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Di
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Huiqiao Liu
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Mingmin Li
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jin Li
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dingbin Liu
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300071, China
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Pedersen JH, Rzyman W, Veronesi G, D’Amico TA, Van Schil P, Molins L, Massard G, Rocco G. Recommendations from the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons (ESTS) regarding computed tomography screening for lung cancer in Europe. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2017; 51:411-420. [PMID: 28137752 PMCID: PMC6279064 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezw418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to provide recommendations regarding implementation of computed tomography (CT) screening in Europe the ESTS established a working group with eight experts in the field. On a background of the current situation regarding CT screening in Europe and the available evidence, ten recommendations have been prepared that cover the essential aspects to be taken into account when considering implementation of CT screening in Europe. These issues are: (i) Implementation of CT screening in Europe, (ii) Participation of thoracic surgeons in CT screening programs, (iii) Training and clinical profile for surgeons participating in screening programs, (iv) the use of minimally invasive thoracic surgery and other relevant surgical issues and (v) Associated elements of CT screening programs (i.e. smoking cessation programs, radiological interpretation, nodule evaluation algorithms and pathology reports). Thoracic Surgeons will play a key role in this process and therefore the ESTS is committed to providing guidance and facilitating this process for the benefit of patients and surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Holst Pedersen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery RT 2152, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Witold Rzyman
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Thomas A D’Amico
- Thoracic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Paul Van Schil
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Laureano Molins
- Thoracic Surgery Respiratory Institute, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gilbert Massard
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gaetano Rocco
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Thoracic Surgical and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Naples, Italy
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13
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Oh HJ, Park HY, Kim KH, Park CK, Shin HJ, Lim JH, Kwon YS, Oh IJ, Kim YI, Lim SC, Kim YC, Kim SH, Shin MG. Progastrin-releasing peptide as a diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker of small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Dis 2016; 8:2530-2537. [PMID: 27747005 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2016.08.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progastrin-releasing peptide (proGRP) is a recently identified biomarker of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). We evaluated the usefulness of plasma proGRP level as a tumor marker for diagnosis and treatment monitoring in patients with SCLC. METHODS Plasma samples were collected prospectively from 452 [212 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), 105 SCLC, and 135 other diseases] patients who visited the hospital for tissue diagnosis. Plasma proGRP levels were measured using a two-step automated immunoassay. RESULTS The median proGRP level was significantly higher in patients with SCLC (892.7 pg/mL) than those with NSCLC (32.6 pg/mL, P<0.001) and other diseases (26.6 pg/mL, P<0.001). At cutoff level of 63 pg/mL, proGRP shows 85.7% sensitivity, 90.2% specificity, 72.5% positive predictive value and 95.4% negative predictive value in patients with SCLC. The area under the curve values were 0.93 for distinguishing SCLC from NSCLC, and 0.943 for distinguishing SCLC from the other conditions. Median proGRP level was higher in extensive disease (1,055.2 pg/mL) than limited disease (253.8 pg/mL, P=0.005). Median OS was significantly shorter in patients with extensive disease (6.0±0.7 months) than limited disease (12.7±4.5 months, P<0.01). Among the 39 patients with SCLC who were followed, the median proGRP levels of the 23 responders decreased after chemotherapy (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Plasma proGRP level could be a useful diagnostic and therapeutic monitoring biomarker for patients with SCLC and the initial level may help with SCLC tumor staging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Joo Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ha-Young Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Cheol-Kyu Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea;; Lung and Esophageal Cancer Clinic, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeonnam, Korea
| | - Hong-Joon Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea;; Lung and Esophageal Cancer Clinic, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeonnam, Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - In-Jae Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea;; Lung and Esophageal Cancer Clinic, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeonnam, Korea
| | - Yu-Il Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sung-Chul Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young-Chul Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea;; Lung and Esophageal Cancer Clinic, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeonnam, Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Myung-Geun Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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14
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Long Noncoding RNAs as Novel Biomarkers Have a Promising Future in Cancer Diagnostics. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:9085195. [PMID: 27143813 PMCID: PMC4842029 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9085195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancers have a high mortality rate due to lack of suitable specific early diagnosis tumor biomarkers. Emerging evidence is accumulating that lncRNAs (long noncoding RNAs) are involved in tumorigenesis, tumor cells proliferation, invasion, migration, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Furthermore, extracellular lncRNAs can circulate in body fluids; they can be detected and strongly resist RNases. Many researchers have found that lncRNAs could be good candidates for tumor biomarkers and possessed high specificity, high sensitivity, and noninvasive characteristics. In this review, we summarize the detection methods and possible sources of circulating lncRNAs and outline the biological functions and expression level of the most significant lncRNAs in tissues, cell lines, and body fluids (whole blood, plasma, urine, gastric juice, and saliva) of different kinds of tumors. We evaluate the diagnostic performance of lncRNAs as tumor biomarkers. However, the biological functions and the mechanisms of circulating lncRNAs secretion have not been fully understood. The uniform normalization protocol of sample collection, lncRNAs extraction, endogenous control selection, quality assessment, and quantitative data analysis has not been established. Therefore, we put forward some recommendations that might be investigated in the future if we want to adopt lncRNAs in clinical practice.
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15
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Ruhaak LR, Taylor SL, Stroble C, Nguyen UT, Parker EA, Song T, Lebrilla CB, Rom WN, Pass H, Kim K, Kelly K, Miyamoto S. Differential N-Glycosylation Patterns in Lung Adenocarcinoma Tissue. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:4538-49. [PMID: 26322380 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
To decrease the mortality of lung cancer, better screening and diagnostic tools as well as treatment options are needed. Protein glycosylation is one of the major post-translational modifications that is altered in cancer, but it is not exactly clear which glycan structures are affected. A better understanding of the glycan structures that are differentially regulated in lung tumor tissue is highly desirable and will allow us to gain greater insight into the underlying biological mechanisms of aberrant glycosylation in lung cancer. Here, we assess differential glycosylation patterns of lung tumor tissue and nonmalignant tissue at the level of individual glycan structures using nLC-chip-TOF-MS. Using tissue samples from 42 lung adenocarcinoma patients, 29 differentially expressed (FDR < 0.05) glycan structures were identified. The levels of several oligomannose type glycans were upregulated in tumor tissue. Furthermore, levels of fully galactosylated glycans, some of which were of the hybrid type and mostly without fucose, were decreased in cancerous tissue, whereas levels of non- or low-galactosylated glycans mostly with fucose were increased. To further assess the regulation of the altered glycosylation, the glycomics data was compared to publicly available gene expression data from lung adenocarcinoma tissue compared to nonmalignant lung tissue. The results are consistent with the possibility that the observed N-glycan changes have their origin in differentially expressed glycosyltransferases. These results will be used as a starting point for the further development of clinical glycan applications in the fields of imaging, drug targeting, and biomarkers for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carol Stroble
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center , Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - William N Rom
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine , New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Harvey Pass
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center , New York, New York 10016, United States
| | | | - Karen Kelly
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center , Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Suzanne Miyamoto
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center , Sacramento, California 95817, United States
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16
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Comparative proteome analysis across non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. J Proteomics 2015; 130:1-10. [PMID: 26361996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines are widely used model systems to study molecular aspects of lung cancer. Comparative and in-depth proteome expression data across many NSCLC cell lines has not been generated yet, but would be of utility for the investigation of candidate targets and markers in oncogenesis. We employed a SILAC reference approach to perform replicate proteome quantifications across 23 distinct NSCLC cell lines. On average, close to 4000 distinct proteins were identified and quantified per cell line. These included many known targets and diagnostic markers, indicating that our proteome expression data represents a useful resource for NSCLC pre-clinical research. To assess proteome diversity within the NSCLC cell line panel, we performed hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis of proteome expression data. Our results indicate that general proteome diversity among NSCLC cell lines supersedes potential effects common to K-Ras or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) oncoprotein expression. However, we observed partial segregation of EGFR or KRAS mutant cell lines for certain principal components, which reflected biological differences according to gene ontology enrichment analyses. Moreover, statistical analysis revealed several proteins that were significantly overexpressed in KRAS or EGFR mutant cell lines.
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17
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Fahrmann JF, Kim K, DeFelice BC, Taylor SL, Gandara DR, Yoneda KY, Cooke DT, Fiehn O, Kelly K, Miyamoto S. Investigation of metabolomic blood biomarkers for detection of adenocarcinoma lung cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015; 24:1716-23. [PMID: 26282632 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Untargeted metabolomics was used in case-control studies of adenocarcinoma (ADC) lung cancer to develop and test metabolite classifiers in serum and plasma as potential biomarkers for diagnosing lung cancer. METHODS Serum and plasma were collected and used in two independent case-control studies (ADC1 and ADC2). Controls were frequency matched for gender, age, and smoking history. There were 52 adenocarcinoma cases and 31 controls in ADC1 and 43 adenocarcinoma cases and 43 controls in ADC2. Metabolomics was conducted using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Differential analysis was performed on ADC1 and the top candidates (FDR < 0.05) for serum and plasma used to develop individual and multiplex classifiers that were then tested on an independent set of serum and plasma samples (ADC2). RESULTS Aspartate provided the best accuracy (81.4%) for an individual metabolite classifier in serum, whereas pyrophosphate had the best accuracy (77.9%) in plasma when independently tested. Multiplex classifiers of either 2 or 4 serum metabolites had an accuracy of 72.7% when independently tested. For plasma, a multimetabolite classifier consisting of 8 metabolites gave an accuracy of 77.3% when independently tested. Comparison of overall diagnostic performance between the two blood matrices yielded similar performances. However, serum is most ideal given higher sensitivity for low-abundant metabolites. CONCLUSION This study shows the potential of metabolite-based diagnostic tests for detection of lung adenocarcinoma. Further validation in a larger pool of samples is warranted. IMPACT These biomarkers could improve early detection and diagnosis of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyoungmi Kim
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Brian C DeFelice
- University of California, Davis Genome Center, Davis, California
| | - Sandra L Taylor
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - David R Gandara
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Ken Y Yoneda
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
| | - David T Cooke
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- University of California, Davis Genome Center, Davis, California. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Karen Kelly
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Suzanne Miyamoto
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California.
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18
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Liu N, Sun YY, Zhang XW, Chen S, Wang Y, Zhang ZX, Song SW, Qiu GB, Fu WN. Oncogenic miR-23a in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinogenesis Via Inhibiting APAF1. Dig Dis Sci 2015. [PMID: 25701323 DOI: 10.1007/s10620- 015-3588-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND miR-23a, which participates in invasion of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells into the mesothelial barrier, is a critical regulator in many cancers. It, however, is still unknown whether miR-23a regulates pancreatic cell proliferation and apoptosis or not. AIMS We sought to investigate the role of miR-23a in regulation of pancreatic cell proliferation and apoptosis. METHODS miRNA, mRNA, and protein expressions were determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used in detection for binding ability of miR-23a to APAF1. Ectopic miR-23a and APAF 1 were introduced to pancreatic cells, and their roles in proliferation and apoptosis were detected by MTT, colony formation, and apoptosis assays, respectively. RESULTS Up-regulation of miR-23a and down-regulation of APAF 1 were found in pancreatic ductal cancer, respectively. miR-23a significantly inhibited the luciferase activity by targeting APAF 1 3'UTR. Ectopic miR-23a significantly suppressed the APAF 1 gene expression in pancreatic cancer cells. Similar to siAPAF1, miR-23a significantly promoted pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and repressed apoptosis. Furthermore, miR-23a inhibitor and exogenous APAF 1 could recover the effects. CONCLUSIONS It is suggested that miR-23a, acting as an oncogenic regulator by directly targeting APAF 1 in pancreatic cancer, is a useful potential biomarker in diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110013, People's Republic of China,
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19
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Oncogenic miR-23a in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinogenesis Via Inhibiting APAF1. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60:2000-8. [PMID: 25701323 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3588-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND miR-23a, which participates in invasion of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells into the mesothelial barrier, is a critical regulator in many cancers. It, however, is still unknown whether miR-23a regulates pancreatic cell proliferation and apoptosis or not. AIMS We sought to investigate the role of miR-23a in regulation of pancreatic cell proliferation and apoptosis. METHODS miRNA, mRNA, and protein expressions were determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used in detection for binding ability of miR-23a to APAF1. Ectopic miR-23a and APAF 1 were introduced to pancreatic cells, and their roles in proliferation and apoptosis were detected by MTT, colony formation, and apoptosis assays, respectively. RESULTS Up-regulation of miR-23a and down-regulation of APAF 1 were found in pancreatic ductal cancer, respectively. miR-23a significantly inhibited the luciferase activity by targeting APAF 1 3'UTR. Ectopic miR-23a significantly suppressed the APAF 1 gene expression in pancreatic cancer cells. Similar to siAPAF1, miR-23a significantly promoted pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and repressed apoptosis. Furthermore, miR-23a inhibitor and exogenous APAF 1 could recover the effects. CONCLUSIONS It is suggested that miR-23a, acting as an oncogenic regulator by directly targeting APAF 1 in pancreatic cancer, is a useful potential biomarker in diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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20
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Sozzi G, Boeri M. Potential biomarkers for lung cancer screening. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2015; 3:139-48. [PMID: 25806293 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2218-6751.2014.06.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Notwithstanding the encouraging results of the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) the scientific community still debates on the cost-benefit profile of low dose computed tomography (LDCT) lung cancer screening. Several major concerns regard how to identify subjects at high risk of developing lung cancer, the optimal diagnostic algorithm, the management of lung nodules and the high false positive rates. The use of complementary biomarkers would be a useful strategy for dealing with most of these issues. This short review will focus on candidates' biomarkers circulating in serum or plasma that already reached an advanced validation phase also in LDCT lung cancer screening series. The biomarkers presented below are examples of the value of searching candidates by looking not only to the tumor itself but also to the interplay between the tumor and the host in order to identify early changes related to the biological reactivity of the host to a developing cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Sozzi
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Boeri
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
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21
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Shi Y, Liu X, Lou J, Han X, Zhang L, Wang Q, Li B, Dong M, Zhang Y. Plasma levels of heat shock protein 90 alpha associated with lung cancer development and treatment responses. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:6016-22. [PMID: 25316816 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Altered expression of heat shock protein 90 alpha (Hsp90α) was associated with tumor development, progression, and metastasis. This study explored plasma levels of Hsp90α protein in patients with lung cancer and other controls to assess its diagnostic value and monitor treatment responses for patients with lung cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A total of 2,247 individuals were recruited and assigned into two cohorts as static and dynamic groups. ELISA analysis and confirmation of plasma Hsp90α protein levels for association with tumor stages and treatment responses, respectively, were performed. RESULTS The average plasma levels of Hsp90α protein in patients with lung cancer were significantly higher than in healthy controls (P < 0.0001). Plasma levels of Hsp90α protein in patients with advanced lung cancer (stage III-IV) were higher than in patients with early-stage lung cancer (stage I-II; P < 0.001). Using a cutoff value of 56.33 ng/mL to separate lung cancer from other controls, the sensitivity and specificity reached 72.18% (95% CI, 0.695-0.749) and 78.70% (95% CI, 0.761-0.813), respectively. To confirm the different levels in the second cohort, plasma levels of Hsp90α protein showed a statistically significant difference between preoperative and postoperative patients in surgical patient groups (P < 0.007). There was also a statistically significant difference between the disease progressive group and stable disease group, with regard to partial response after chemotherapy (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that plasma Hsp90α protein levels are useful as a diagnostic biomarker in lung cancer and predict the responses of patients with lung cancer to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuankai Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Department of Lung Cancer, Affiliated Hospital of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiatao Lou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Lijian Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Qingtao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Baolan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital Affiliated Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghong Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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22
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Korse CM, Holdenrieder S, Zhi XY, Zhang X, Qiu L, Geistanger A, Lisy MR, Wehnl B, van den Broek D, Escudero JM, Standop J, Hu M, Molina R. Multicenter evaluation of a new progastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP) immunoassay across Europe and China. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 438:388-95. [PMID: 25262909 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We performed a multicenter evaluation of the Elecsys® progastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP) immunoassay in Europe and China. METHODS The assay was evaluated at three European and two Chinese sites by imprecision, stability, method comparison and differentiation potential in lung cancer. RESULTS Intermediate imprecision across five analyte concentrations ranged from 2.2% to 6.0% coefficient of variation. Good stability for plasma and serum samples was shown for various storage conditions. There was excellent correlation between the Elecsys® and ARCHITECT assays in plasma (slope 1.02, intercept -2.72pg/mL). The Elecsys® assay also showed good correlation between serum and plasma samples (slope 0.93, intercept 2.35pg/mL; correlation coefficient 0.97). ProGRP differentiated small-cell and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC; area under the curve 0.90, 95% CI 0.87-0.93; 78.3% sensitivity, 95% specificity; at 84pg/mL), with no relevant effects of ethnicity, age, gender or smoking. Median ProGRP concentrations were low in benign diseases (38pg/mL), other malignancies (40pg/mL) or NSCLC (39pg/mL), except chronic kidney disease above stage 3 (>100pg/mL). CONCLUSIONS Increased stability of the Elecsys® ProGRP assay in serum and plasma offers clear benefits over existing assays. This first evaluation of a ProGRP assay in China demonstrated comparable differentiation potential among different ethnicities.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Area Under Curve
- Asian People
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/blood
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/ethnology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/blood
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/ethnology
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/pathology
- China
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Europe
- Female
- Humans
- Immunoassay/standards
- Lung Neoplasms/blood
- Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Lung Neoplasms/ethnology
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Peptide Fragments/blood
- Recombinant Proteins/blood
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- White People
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina M Korse
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066CX, The Netherlands.
| | - Stefan Holdenrieder
- University Hospital Bonn and Center of Integrative Oncology Cologne/Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse, Bonn 25-53127, Germany.
| | - Xiu-yi Zhi
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Xiaotong Zhang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), 1Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Ling Qiu
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), 1Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China.
| | | | | | - Birgit Wehnl
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, Penzberg 82377, Germany.
| | - Daan van den Broek
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066CX, The Netherlands.
| | - José M Escudero
- Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Carrer Villarroel 170, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
| | - Jens Standop
- University Hospital Bonn and Center of Integrative Oncology Cologne/Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse, Bonn 25-53127, Germany.
| | - Mu Hu
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Rafael Molina
- Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Carrer Villarroel 170, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
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23
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Truini A, Coco S, Alama A, Genova C, Sini C, Dal Bello MG, Barletta G, Rijavec E, Burrafato G, Boccardo F, Grossi F. Role of microRNAs in malignant mesothelioma. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:2865-78. [PMID: 24562347 PMCID: PMC11114034 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1584-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive tumor, mainly derived from the pleura, which is predominantly associated with exposure to asbestos fibers. The prognosis of MM patients is particularly severe, with a median survival of approximately 9-12 months and latency between exposure and diagnosis ranging from 20-50 years (median 30 years). Emerging evidence has demonstrated that tumor aggressiveness is associated with genome and gene expression abnormalities; therefore, several studies have recently focused on the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in MM tumorigenesis. miRNAs are small non-protein coding single-stranded RNAs (17-22 nucleotides) involved in numerous cellular processes that negatively regulate gene expression by modulating the expression of downstream target genes. miRNAs are often deregulated in cancer; in particular, the differential miRNA expression profiles of MM cells compared to unaffected mesothelial cells have suggested potential roles of miRNAs as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in MM oncogenesis. In this review, the mechanism of MM carcinogenesis was evaluated through the analysis of the published miRNA expression data. The roles of miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and prognostic factors for potential therapeutic strategies will be presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Truini
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS A.O.U. San Martino IST-Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, L.go Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy,
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24
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Opitz I, Bueno R, Lim E, Pass H, Pastorino U, Boeri M, Rocco G. Biomolecular and clinical practice in malignant pleural mesothelioma and lung cancer: what thoracic surgeons should know. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2014; 46:602-6. [PMID: 24623168 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezu048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, molecular-profile-directed therapy is a guiding principle of modern thoracic oncology. The knowledge of new biomolecular technology applied to the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of lung cancer and mesothelioma should be part of the 21st century thoracic surgeons' professional competence. The European Society of Thoracic Surgeons (ESTS) Biology Club aims at providing a comprehensive insight into the basic biology of the diseases we are treating. During the 2013 ESTS Annual Meeting, different experts of the field presented the current knowledge about diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in malignant pleural mesothelioma including new perspectives as well as the role and potential application of microRNA and genomic sequencing for lung cancer, which are summarized in the present article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Opitz
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Bueno
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric Lim
- Imperial College and the Academic Division of Thoracic Surgery, The Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Harvey Pass
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ugo Pastorino
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Boeri
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaetano Rocco
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, Instituto Nazionale Tumori, Fondazione "G. Pascale", IRCCS, Naples, Italy
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25
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Weber DG, Johnen G, Casjens S, Bryk O, Pesch B, Jöckel KH, Kollmeier J, Brüning T. Evaluation of long noncoding RNA MALAT1 as a candidate blood-based biomarker for the diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer. BMC Res Notes 2013; 6:518. [PMID: 24313945 PMCID: PMC4029199 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-6-518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long noncoding RNA MALAT1 (metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1) is described as a potential biomarker for NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer). Diagnostic biomarkers need to be detectable in easily accessible body fluids, should be characterized by high specificity, sufficient sensitivity, and robustness against influencing factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of MALAT1 as a blood based biomarker for NSCLC. RESULTS MALAT1 was shown to be detectable in the cellular fraction of peripheral human blood, showing different expression levels between cancer patients and cancer-free controls. For the discrimination of NSCLC patients from cancer-free controls a sensitivity of 56% was calculated conditional on a high specificity of 96%. No impact of tumor stage, age, gender, and smoking status on MALAT1 levels could be observed, but results based on small numbers. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that MALAT1 complies with key characteristics of diagnostic biomarkers, i.e., minimal invasiveness, high specificity, and robustness. Due to its relatively low sensitivity MALAT1 might not be feasible as a single biomarker for the diagnosis of NSCLC in the cellular fraction of blood. Alternatively, MALAT1 might be applicable as a complementary biomarker within a panel in order to improve the entire diagnostic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gilbert Weber
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
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Li C, Hong W. Research status and funding trends of lung cancer biomarkers. J Thorac Dis 2013; 5:698-705. [PMID: 24255784 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2013.10.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of malignant tumors with the highest morbidity and mortality in the world. At present, research of early diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and metastasis associated biomarkers is most active. This article reviewed the research status of lung cancer biomarkers and analyzed the funding situation in the field of lung cancer markers in recent 10 years in China and abroad, to provide a reference for the future basic and clinical translational research of lung cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Li
- Department of Health Science, National Natural Science Fundation of China, Beijing 100083, China
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27
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Estado actual del tratamiento del cáncer pulmonar. REVISTA MÉDICA CLÍNICA LAS CONDES 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0716-8640(13)70200-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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