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Calumenin knockdown, by intronic artificial microRNA, to improve expression efficiency of the recombinant human coagulation factor IX. Biotechnol Lett 2022; 44:713-728. [PMID: 35412165 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03249-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To improve the expression efficiency of recombinant hFIX, by enhancing its γ-carboxylation, which is inhibited by Calumenin (CALU), we used intronic artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs) for the CALU downregulation. METHODS Two human CALU (hCALU)-specific amiRNAs were designed, validated and inserted within a truncated form of the hFIX intron 1, in either 3'- or 5'-untranslated regions of the hFIX cDNA, in an expression vector. After transfections of a human cell line with the recombinant constructs, processing of the miRNAs confirmed by RT-PCR, using stem-loop primers. The hFIX and hCALU expression assessments were done based on RT-PCR results. The Gamma(γ)-carboxylation of the expressed hFIX was examined by a barium citrate precipitation method, followed by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. RESULTS Efficient CALU down regulations, with more than 30-fold decrease, occurred in the cells carrying either of the two examined the 3'-located amiRNAs. The CALU downregulation in the same cells doubled the FIX γ-carboxylation, although the transcription of the FIX decreased significantly. On the other hand, while the expression of the amiRNAs from the 5'-located intron had no decreasing effect on the expression level of CALU, the level of hFIX transcription in these cells increased almost twofold compared to the construct without amiRNA. CONCLUSION The CALU downregulation, consistent with efficient hFIX γ-carboxylation, occurred in the cells carrying either of the two amiRNAs containing constructs, although it was affected by the locations of the amiRNA carrying introns, suggesting a possible need to optimize the conditions for the amiRNAs expression.
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Abaandou L, Quan D, Shiloach J. Affecting HEK293 Cell Growth and Production Performance by Modifying the Expression of Specific Genes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071667. [PMID: 34359846 PMCID: PMC8304725 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The HEK293 cell line has earned its place as a producer of biotherapeutics. In addition to its ease of growth in serum-free suspension culture and its amenability to transfection, this cell line’s most important attribute is its human origin, which makes it suitable to produce biologics intended for human use. At the present time, the growth and production properties of the HEK293 cell line are inferior to those of non-human cell lines, such as the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and the murine myeloma NSO cell lines. However, the modification of genes involved in cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, glycosylation, secretion, and protein folding, in addition to bioprocess, media, and vector optimization, have greatly improved the performance of this cell line. This review provides a comprehensive summary of important achievements in HEK293 cell line engineering and on the global engineering approaches and functional genomic tools that have been employed to identify relevant genes for targeted engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Abaandou
- Biotechnology Core Laboratory National Institutes of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (L.A.); (D.Q.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - David Quan
- Biotechnology Core Laboratory National Institutes of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (L.A.); (D.Q.)
| | - Joseph Shiloach
- Biotechnology Core Laboratory National Institutes of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (L.A.); (D.Q.)
- Correspondence:
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Pakdaman SF, Vatandoost J, Bos MHA. Enhanced functional recombinant factor IX production by human embryonic kidney cells engineered to overexpress VKORC1. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 36:e2938. [PMID: 31677255 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Replacement therapy with recombinant drugs is the main therapeutic strategy for hemophilia B patients. To reduce the production costs of recombinant coagulation factors, improvement of their expression and activity by enhancement of γ-carboxylation might be of interest. The expression and functional activity of vitamin K-dependent (VKD) coagulation proteins rely, in part, on the VKD process of γ-carboxylation that is mediated by the enzymes γ-carboxylase and vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR). Since the recombinant production of VKD proteins is hampered by the inefficiency of this enzymatic process, we specifically have examined the stable expression of functional blood coagulation factor IX (FIX) in HEK293 cells following transient overexpression of VKORC1 as an important part of VKOR component. Recombinant hFIX-producing human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells were transfected to overexpress VKORC1. Following reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, expression efficiency of the active hFIX was analyzed by performing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and coagulation test. In addition, to quantify γ-carboxylated recombinant FIX, the barium citrate method was used. Overexpression of VKORC1 in FIX-producing HEK cells, resulting in a 3.2-fold higher expression of functional FIX, which displayed a 1.4-fold enhanced specific activity. Moreover, a 3.9-fold enhanced recovery of fully γ-carboxylated FIX following barium citrate adsorption was achieved. Collectively, these findings indicate that the overexpression of VKORC1 results in the production of higher levels of functional hFIX in HEK293 cells. The increase of the VKORC1 as a supplier of γ-carboxylase seems to play a significant role in increasing the amount and efficiency of recombinant FIX production, thereby reducing the production costs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jafar Vatandoost
- Department of Biology, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Mettine H A Bos
- Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Shen B, Zheng P, Qian N, Chen Q, Zhou X, Hu J, Chen J, Teng J. Calumenin-1 Interacts with Climp63 to Cooperatively Determine the Luminal Width and Distribution of Endoplasmic Reticulum Sheets. iScience 2019; 22:70-80. [PMID: 31751826 PMCID: PMC6931119 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ER is composed of distinct structures like tubules, matrices, and sheets, all of which are important for its various functions. However, how these distinct ER structures, especially the perinuclear ER sheets, are formed remains unclear. We report here that the ER membrane protein Climp63 and the ER luminal protein calumenin-1 (Calu1) collaboratively maintain ER sheet morphology. We show that the luminal length of Climp63 is positively correlated with the luminal width of ER sheets. Moreover, the lumen-only mutant of Climp63 dominant-negatively narrows the lumen of ER sheets, demonstrating that Climp63 acts as an ER luminal bridge. We also reveal that Calu1 specifically interacts with Climp63 and antagonizes Climp63 in terms of both ER sheet distribution and luminal width. Together, our data provide insight into how the structure of ER sheets is maintained and regulated. Climp63 determines the luminal width of ER sheets ER luminal protein Calumenin-1 (Calu1) interacts with Climp63 Knockout of Calu1 triggers ER sheet accumulation and wider sheet lumen Calu1 regulates ER sheet morphology in a Climp63-dependent manner
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Affiliation(s)
- Birong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Pengli Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Nannan Qian
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; College of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Qingzhou Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Junjie Hu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules and CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jianguo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Junlin Teng
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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New Aspects of Vitamin K Research with Synthetic Ligands: Transcriptional Activity via SXR and Neural Differentiation Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20123006. [PMID: 31226734 PMCID: PMC6627468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K is classified into three homologs depending on the side-chain structure, with 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoqumone as the basic skeleton. These homologs are vitamin K1 (phylloquinone: PK), derived from plants with a phythyl side chain; vitamin K2 (menaquinone-n: MK-n), derived from intestinal bacteria with an isoprene side chain; and vitamin K3 (menadione: MD), a synthetic product without a side chain. Vitamin K homologs have physiological effects, including in blood coagulation and in osteogenic activity via γ-glutamyl carboxylase and are used clinically. Recent studies have revealed that vitamin K homologs are converted to MK-4 by the UbiA prenyltransferase domain-containing protein 1 (UBIAD1) in vivo and accumulate in all tissues. Although vitamin K is considered to have important physiological effects, its precise activities and mechanisms largely remain unclear. Recent research on vitamin K has suggested various new roles, such as transcriptional activity as an agonist of steroid and xenobiotic nuclear receptor and differentiation-inducing activity in neural stem cells. In this review, we describe synthetic ligands based on vitamin K and exhibit that the strength of biological activity can be controlled by modification of the side chain part.
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Ribeiro DA, Passos DF, Ferraz HC, Castilho LR. Intermediate purification of CHO-derived recombinant human Factor IX using hydrophobic interaction membrane-based chromatography and its comparison to a sulfated resin. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:2900-2908. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Ribeiro
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), COPPE, Chemical Engineering Program; Rio de Janeiro/RJ Brazil
| | - Douglas F. Passos
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), COPPE, Chemical Engineering Program; Rio de Janeiro/RJ Brazil
| | - Helen C. Ferraz
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), COPPE, Chemical Engineering Program; Rio de Janeiro/RJ Brazil
| | - Leda R. Castilho
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), COPPE, Chemical Engineering Program; Rio de Janeiro/RJ Brazil
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Corrêa de Freitas MC, Bomfim ADS, Mizukami A, Picanço-Castro V, Swiech K, Covas DT. Production of coagulation factor VII in human cell lines Sk-Hep-1 and HKB-11. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 137:26-33. [PMID: 28651975 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant factor VII (rFVII) is the main therapeutic choice for hemophilia patients who have developed inhibitory antibodies against conventional treatments (FVIII and FIX). Because of the post-translational modifications, rFVII needs to be produced in mammalian cell lines. In this study, for the first time, we have shown efficient rFVII production in HepG2, Sk-Hep-1, and HKB-11 cell lines. Experiments in static conditions for a period of 96 h showed that HepG2-FVII produced the highest amounts of rhFVII, with an average of 1843 ng/mL. Sk-hep-1-FVII cells reached a maximum protein production of 1432 ng/mL and HKB-11-FVII cells reached 1468 ng/mL. Sk-Hep-1-rFVII and HKB-11-rFVII were selected for the first step of scale-up. Over 10 days of spinner flask culture, HKB-11 and SK-Hep-1 cells showed a cumulative production of rFVII of 152 μg and 202.6 μg in 50 mL, respectively. Thus, these human cell lines can be used for an efficient production of recombinant FVII. With more investment in basic research, human cell lines can be optimized for the commercial production of different bio therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Cristina Corrêa de Freitas
- Center for Cell-based Therapy and Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Laboratory of Biotechnology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Medical Clinic, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Aline de Sousa Bomfim
- Center for Cell-based Therapy and Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Laboratory of Biotechnology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Food Science Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Mizukami
- Center for Cell-based Therapy and Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Laboratory of Biotechnology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Medical Clinic, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Virgínia Picanço-Castro
- Center for Cell-based Therapy and Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Laboratory of Biotechnology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kamilla Swiech
- Center for Cell-based Therapy and Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Laboratory of Biotechnology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dimas Tadeu Covas
- Center for Cell-based Therapy and Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Laboratory of Biotechnology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Medical Clinic, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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8
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Successful synthesis of active human coagulation factor VII by co-expression of mammalian gamma-glutamyl carboxylase and modification of vit.K cycle in Drosophila Schneider S2 cells. Cytotechnology 2017; 69:317-327. [PMID: 28070807 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-016-0059-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian gamma-glutamyl carboxylase and reduced vitamin K are indispensable for synthesis of mature mammalian vitamin K dependent proteins including some of blood coagulation factors (factors II, VII, IX, and X). It was well known that Drosophila melanogaster expressed gamma-glutamyl carboxylase and possessed a vit.K cycle although native substrates for them have not been identified yet. Despite the potential capability of gamma carboxylation in D. melanogaster derived cells such as S2 cells, Drosophila gamma-glutamyl carboxylase failed to gamma carboxylate a peptide fused to the human coagulation factor IX propeptide. Thus, it had been believed that the Drosophila system was not adequate to synthesize mammalian vit.K dependent proteins. Indeed, we previously attempted to synthesize biologically active factor VII in S2 cells although we were not able to obtain it. However, recently, a successful transient expression of biologically active human factor IX from S2 cells was reported. In the present study, several expression vectors which enable expressing mammalian GGCX, VKORC1, and/or PDIA2 along with F7 were developed. S2 cells transfected with pMKA85, pMAK86, and pMAK219 successfully synthesized active FVII. Thus, mammalian GGCX was indispensable to synthesize active FVII while mammalian VKORC1 and PDIA2 were not critical but supportive factors for S2 cells.
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Peng L, Yu X, Li C, Cai Y, Chen Y, He Y, Yang J, Jin J, Li H. Enhanced recombinant factor VII expression in Chinese hamster ovary cells by optimizing signal peptides and fed-batch medium. Bioengineered 2016; 7:189-97. [PMID: 27116572 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2016.1176656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal peptides play an important role in directing and efficiently transporting secretory proteins to their proper locations in the endoplasmic reticulum of mammalian cells. The aim of this study was to enhance the expression of recombinant coagulation factor VII (rFVII) in CHO cells by optimizing the signal peptides and type of fed-batch culture medium used. Five sub-clones (O2, I3, H3, G2 and M3) with different signal peptide were selected by western blot (WB) analysis and used for suspension culture. We compared rFVII expression levels of 5 sub-clones and found that the highest rFVII expression level was obtained with the IgK signal peptide instead of Ori, the native signal peptide of rFVII. The high protein expression of rFVII with signal peptide IgK was mirrored by a high transcription level during suspension culture. After analyzing culture and feed media, the combination of M4 and F4 media yielded the highest rFVII expression of 20 mg/L during a 10-day suspension culture. After analyzing cell density and cell cycle, CHO cells feeding by F4 had a similar percentage of cells in G0/G1 and a higher cell density compared to F2 and F3. This may be the reason for high rFVII expression in M4+F4. In summary, rFVII expression was successfully enhanced by optimizing the signal peptide and fed-batch medium used in CHO suspension culture. Our data may be used to improve the production of other therapeutic proteins in fed-batch culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Peng
- a The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology , Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China
| | - Xiao Yu
- b Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China
| | - Chengyuan Li
- b Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China
| | - Yanfei Cai
- b Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China
| | - Yun Chen
- b Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China
| | - Yang He
- c Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Jianfeng Yang
- d Cyrus Tang Hematology Center and Ministry of Education Engineering Center of Hematological Disease , Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Jian Jin
- b Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China
| | - Huazhong Li
- a The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology , Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China
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Annis DS, Ma H, Balas DM, Kumfer KT, Sandbo N, Potts GK, Coon JJ, Mosher DF. Absence of Vitamin K-Dependent γ-Carboxylation in Human Periostin Extracted from Fibrotic Lung or Secreted from a Cell Line Engineered to Optimize γ-Carboxylation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135374. [PMID: 26273833 PMCID: PMC4537219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Periostin (PN, gene name POSTN) is an extracellular matrix protein that is up-regulated in bronchial epithelial cells and lung fibroblasts by TH-2 cytokines. Its paralog, TGF-β-induced protein (βig-h3, gene name TGFBI), is also expressed in the lung and up-regulated in bronchial myofibroblasts by TGF-β. PN and βig-h3 contain fasciclin 1 modules that harbor putative recognition sequences for γ-glutamyl carboxylase and are annotated in UniProt as undergoing vitamin K-dependent γ-carboxylation of multiple glutamic acid residues. γ-carboxylation profoundly alters activities of other proteins subject to the modification, e.g., blood coagulation factors, and would be expected to alter the structure and function of PN and βig-h3. To analyze for the presence of γ-carboxylation, proteins extracted from fibrotic lung were reacted with monoclonal antibodies specific for PN, βig-h3, or modification with γ-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla). In Western blots of 1-dimensional gels, bands stained with anti-PN or -βig-h3 did not match those stained with anti-Gla. In 2-dimensional gels, anti-PN-positive spots had pIs of 7.0 to >8, as expected for the unmodified protein, and there was no overlap between anti-PN-positive and anti-Gla-positive spots. Recombinant PN and blood coagulation factor VII were produced in HEK293 cells that had been transfected with vitamin K 2, 3-epoxide reductase C1 to optimize γ-carboxylation. Recombinant PN secreted from these cells did not react with anti-Gla antibody and had pIs similar to that found in extracts of fibrotic lung whereas secreted factor VII reacted strongly with anti-Gla antibody. Over 67% coverage of recombinant PN was achieved by mass spectrometry, including peptides with 19 of the 24 glutamates considered targets of γ-carboxylation, but analysis revealed no modification. Over 86% sequence coverage and three modified glutamic acid residues were identified in recombinant fVII. These data indicate that PN and βig-h3 are not subject to vitamin K-dependent γ-carboxylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas S. Annis
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Hanqing Ma
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Danika M. Balas
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kraig T. Kumfer
- Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Nathan Sandbo
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Gregory K. Potts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Joshua J. Coon
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Deane F. Mosher
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Calumenin and fibulin-1 on tumor metastasis: Implications for pharmacology. Pharmacol Res 2015; 99:11-5. [PMID: 25976680 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is a key cause of cancer mortality, and inhibiting migration of cancer cells is one of the major directions of anti-metastatic drug development. Calumenin and fibulin-1 are two extracellular proteins that synergistically inhibit cell migration and tumor metastasis, and could potentially be served as targets for pharmacological research of anti-metastatic drugs. This review briefly introduces the multi-function of these two proteins, and discusses the mechanism of how they regulate cell migration and tumor metastasis.
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Ribeiro DA, Passos DF, Ferraz HC, Castilho LR. Anion-exchange purification of recombinant factor IX from cell culture supernatant using different chromatography supports. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 938:111-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Torres S, Bartolomé RA, Mendes M, Barderas R, Fernandez-Aceñero MJ, Peláez-García A, Peña C, Lopez-Lucendo M, Villar-Vázquez R, de Herreros AG, Bonilla F, Casal JI. Proteome profiling of cancer-associated fibroblasts identifies novel proinflammatory signatures and prognostic markers for colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:6006-19. [PMID: 24025712 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-1130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are essential components of the stroma that play a critical role in cancer progression. This study aimed to identify novel CAFs markers that might contribute to the invasion and the prognosis of colorectal cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate mouse model of sporadic colon cancer represents an adequate source for the isolation of CAFs and normal fibroblasts. By using the explants technique, we purified CAFs and normal fibroblasts from colon tissues. Whole-cell extracts and supernatants were subjected to in-depth quantitative proteomic analysis by tandem mass spectrometry. Further validations of upregulated proteins in CAFs were carried out by chemokine microarray and immunohistochemical analyses of mouse and human tissues. RESULTS Using a fold-change of 1.4 or more, we found 132 and 125 differentially expressed proteins in whole-cell extracts and supernatants, respectively. We found CAFs-associated proinflammatory and desmoplastic signatures. The proinflammatory signature was composed of several cytokines. Among them, CCL2 and CCL8 caused an increase in migration and invasion of colorectal cancer KM12 cells. The desmoplastic signature was composed of 30 secreted proteins. In mouse and human samples, expression of LTBP2, CDH11, OLFML3, and, particularly, FSTL1 was significantly increased in the tumoral stroma, without significant expression in the cancer epithelial cells. The combination of CALU and CDH11 stromal expression showed a significant association with disease-free survival and poor prognosis. CONCLUSION We have identified LTBP2, CDH11, OLFML3, and FSTL1 as selective biomarkers of cancer stroma, and CALU and CDH11 as candidate stromal biomarkers of prognostic significance in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Torres
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; Proteomics Core Facility, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC); Department of Pathology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz; Department of Oncology, Hospital Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid; and IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
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Biological Insights into Therapeutic Protein Modifications throughout Trafficking and Their Biopharmaceutical Applications. Int J Cell Biol 2013; 2013:273086. [PMID: 23690780 PMCID: PMC3652174 DOI: 10.1155/2013/273086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the lifespan of therapeutic proteins, from the point of biosynthesis to the complete clearance from tested subjects, they undergo various biological modifications. Therapeutic influences and molecular mechanisms of these modifications have been well appreciated for some while remained less understood for many. This paper has classified these modifications into multiple categories, according to their processing locations and enzymatic involvement during the trafficking events. It also focuses on the underlying mechanisms and structural-functional relationship between modifications and therapeutic properties. In addition, recent advances in protein engineering, cell line engineering, and process engineering, by exploring these complex cellular processes, are discussed and summarized, for improving functional characteristics and attributes of protein-based biopharmaceutical products.
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Gramer MJ. Product Quality Considerations for Mammalian Cell Culture Process Development and Manufacturing. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 139:123-66. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2013_214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Expression of recombinant human coagulation factor VII by the Lizard Leishmania expression system. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:873874. [PMID: 21912483 PMCID: PMC3168907 DOI: 10.1155/2011/873874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2011] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The variety of recombinant protein expression systems have been developed as a resource of FVII gene expression. In the current study, the authors used a novel protein expression system based on the Iranian Lizard Leishmania, a trypanosomatid protozoan as a host for expression of FVII. Plasmid containing cDNA encoding full-length human FVII was introduced into Lizard Leishmania and positive transfectants were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. Furthermore, biological activity of purified protein was detected by PT assay. The recombinant strain harboring a construct was analyzed for expression of FVII at the mRNA and protein level. Purified rFVII was obtained and in order to confirm the purified compound was in fact rFVII. Western blot analysis was carried out. Clotting time in PT assay was reduced about 30 seconds with the purified rFVII. In Conclusion, this study has demonstrated, for the first time, that Leishmania cells can be used as an expression system for producing recombinant FVII.
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Dorai H, Santiago A, Campbell M, Tang QM, Lewis MJ, Wang Y, Lu QZ, Wu SL, Hancock W. Characterization of the proteases involved in the N-terminal clipping of glucagon-like-peptide-1-antibody fusion proteins. Biotechnol Prog 2011; 27:220-31. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Masroori N, Halabian R, Mohammadipour M, Roushandeh AM, Rouhbakhsh M, Najafabadi AJ, Fathabad ME, Salimi M, Shokrgozar MA, Roudkenar MH. High-level expression of functional recombinant human coagulation factor VII in insect cells. Biotechnol Lett 2010; 32:803-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-010-0227-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Revised: 02/02/2010] [Accepted: 02/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Voora D, Koboldt DC, King CR, Lenzini PA, Eby CS, Porche-Sorbet R, Deych E, Crankshaw M, Milligan PE, McLeod HL, Patel SR, Cavallari LH, Ridker PM, Grice GR, Miller RD, Gage BF. A polymorphism in the VKORC1 regulator calumenin predicts higher warfarin dose requirements in African Americans. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2010; 87:445-51. [PMID: 20200517 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2009.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Warfarin demonstrates a wide interindividual variability in response that is mediated partly by variants in cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and vitamin K 2,3-epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1). It is not known whether variants in calumenin (CALU) (vitamin K reductase regulator) have an influence on warfarin dose requirements. We resequenced CALU regions in a discovery cohort of dose outliers: patients with high (>90th percentile, n = 55) or low (<10th percentile, n = 53) warfarin dose requirements (after accounting for known genetic and nongenetic variables). One CALU variant, rs339097, was associated with high doses (P = 0.01). We validated this variant as a predictor of higher warfarin doses in two replication cohorts: (i) 496 patients of mixed ethnicity and (ii) 194 African-American patients. The G allele of rs339097 (the allele frequency was 0.14 in African Americans and 0.002 in Caucasians) was associated with the requirement for a 14.5% (SD +/- 7%) higher therapeutic dose (P = 0.03) in the first replication cohort and a higher-than-predicted dose in the second replication cohort (allele frequency 0.14, one-sided P = 0.03). CALU rs339097 A>G is associated with higher warfarin dose requirements, independent of known genetic and nongenetic predictors of warfarin dose in African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Voora
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
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Expression systems for therapeutic glycoprotein production. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2009; 20:700-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2009.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Honoré B. The rapidly expanding CREC protein family: members, localization, function, and role in disease. Bioessays 2009; 31:262-77. [PMID: 19260022 DOI: 10.1002/bies.200800186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Although many aspects of the physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms remain unknown, recent advances in our knowledge suggest that the CREC proteins are promising disease biomarkers or targets for therapeutic intervention in a variety of diseases. The CREC family of low affinity, Ca2+-binding, multiple EF-hand proteins are encoded by five genes, RCN1, RCN2, RCN3, SDF4, and CALU, resulting in reticulocalbin, ER Ca2+-binding protein of 55 kDa (ERC-55), reticulocalbin-3, Ca2+-binding protein of 45 kDa (Cab45), and calumenin. Alternative splicing increases the number of gene products. The proteins are localized in the cytosol, in various parts of the secretory pathway, secreted to the extracellular space or localized on the cell surface. The emerging functions appear to be highly diverse. The proteins interact with several different ligands. Rather well-described functions are attached to calumenin with the inhibition of several proteins in the endoplasmic or sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane, the vitamin K(1) 2,3-epoxide reductase, the gamma-carboxylase, the ryanodine receptor, and the Ca2+-transporting ATPase. Other functions concern participation in the secretory process, chaperone activity, signal transduction as well as participation in a large variety of disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bent Honoré
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Halabian R, Roudkenar MH, Esmaeili NS, Masroori N, Roushandeh AM, Najafabadi AJ. Establishment of a cell line expressing recombinant factor VII and its subsequent conversion to active form FVIIa through hepsin by genetic engineering method. Vox Sang 2009; 96:309-15. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2008.01158.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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