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Zaharia AL, Oprea VD, Coadă CA, Tănase CE, Ionescu AM, Chirila SI, Mihailov R, Tutunaru D, Lungu M. Serum Adiponectin Levels Increase in Acute Ischemic Stroke and Correlate with Patients' Outcomes: A Pilot Study. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1828. [PMID: 39200292 PMCID: PMC11351472 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death and severe disability worldwide. Rapid diagnosis is critical to ensure the timely administration of medical treatment. Given that in some cases CT scans fail to show the classic clinical signs of stroke, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic capacity of adiponectin levels and their association with the clinical parameters of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Adiponectin was measured within 24 h (T1) and 48 h (T2) of AIS onset in 70 patients. A total of 68 control cases were included in the study. Adiponectin levels were significantly higher in the AIS patients than in the controls (16.64 (3.79; 16.69) vs. 3.78 (3.79; 16.69); p < 0.001), with an accuracy of 0.98 (AUC = 0.99). Lower levels were seen in males and in AIS patients with obesity. Higher levels of adiponectin at T1 were associated with a moderate/severe NIHSS score at patient discharge. Moreover, higher levels of borderline significance were seen in patients who died within 12 months of their AIS episode (p = 0.054). Adiponectin may be a useful biomarker for the identification of AIS patients who do not present classic CT signs and could be used to stratify severe cases. Further studies are needed to validate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei-Lucian Zaharia
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galaţi, 800216 Galaţi, Romania; (A.-L.Z.); (V.D.O.); (C.E.T.); (R.M.); (M.L.)
- “St. Apostle Andrei” Clinical Emergency County Hospital Galaţi, 800578 Galaţi, Romania
| | - Violeta Diana Oprea
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galaţi, 800216 Galaţi, Romania; (A.-L.Z.); (V.D.O.); (C.E.T.); (R.M.); (M.L.)
- “St. Apostle Andrei” Clinical Emergency County Hospital Galaţi, 800578 Galaţi, Romania
| | - Camelia Alexandra Coadă
- Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Claudiu Elisei Tănase
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galaţi, 800216 Galaţi, Romania; (A.-L.Z.); (V.D.O.); (C.E.T.); (R.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Ana-Maria Ionescu
- Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanța, 900470 Constanța, Romania; (A.-M.I.); (S.I.C.)
| | - Sergiu Ioachim Chirila
- Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanța, 900470 Constanța, Romania; (A.-M.I.); (S.I.C.)
| | - Raul Mihailov
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galaţi, 800216 Galaţi, Romania; (A.-L.Z.); (V.D.O.); (C.E.T.); (R.M.); (M.L.)
- “St. Apostle Andrei” Clinical Emergency County Hospital Galaţi, 800578 Galaţi, Romania
| | - Dana Tutunaru
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galaţi, 800216 Galaţi, Romania; (A.-L.Z.); (V.D.O.); (C.E.T.); (R.M.); (M.L.)
- “St. Apostle Andrei” Clinical Emergency County Hospital Galaţi, 800578 Galaţi, Romania
| | - Mihaiela Lungu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galaţi, 800216 Galaţi, Romania; (A.-L.Z.); (V.D.O.); (C.E.T.); (R.M.); (M.L.)
- “St. Apostle Andrei” Clinical Emergency County Hospital Galaţi, 800578 Galaţi, Romania
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Wang Y, Li H, Yu XH, Tang CK. CTRP1: A novel player in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Cytokine 2023; 164:156162. [PMID: 36812667 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a series of diseases induced by inflammation and lipid metabolism disorders, among others. Metabolic diseases can cause inflammation and abnormal lipid metabolism. C1q/TNF-related proteins 1 (CTRP1) is a paralog of adiponectin that belongs to the CTRP subfamily. CTRP1 is expressed and secreted in adipocytes, macrophages, cardiomyocytes, and other cells. It promotes lipid and glucose metabolism but has bidirectional effects on the regulation of inflammation. Inflammation can also inversely stimulate CTRP1 production. A vicious circle may exist between the two. This article introduces CTRP1 from the structure, expression, and different roles of CTRP1 in CVDs and metabolic diseases, to summarize the role of CTRP1 pleiotropy. Moreover, the proteins which may interact with CTRP1 are predicted through GeneCards and STRING, speculating their effects, to provide new ideas for the study of CTRP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Heng Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Yu
- Institute of clinical medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 460106, China
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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Role of Adiponectin in Central Nervous System Disorders. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:4593530. [PMID: 30150999 PMCID: PMC6087588 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4593530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin, the most abundant plasma adipokine, plays an important role in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Adiponectin also possesses insulin-sensitizing, anti-inflammatory, angiogenic, and vasodilatory properties which may influence central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Although initially not thought to cross the blood-brain barrier, adiponectin enters the brain through peripheral circulation. In the brain, adiponectin signaling through its receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, directly influences important brain functions such as energy homeostasis, hippocampal neurogenesis, and synaptic plasticity. Overall, based on its central and peripheral actions, recent evidence indicates that adiponectin has neuroprotective, antiatherogenic, and antidepressant effects. However, these findings are not without controversy as human observational studies report differing correlations between plasma adiponectin levels and incidence of CNS disorders. Despite these controversies, adiponectin is gaining attention as a potential therapeutic target for diverse CNS disorders, such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease, anxiety, and depression. Evidence regarding the emerging role for adiponectin in these disorders is discussed in the current review.
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Wang Y, Zhang P, Su X, Yu Q, Chen Y, Guan H, Liu E, Fan J. Establishment of a novel non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease model using cholesterol‑fed rabbits with reference to the potential role of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:2898-2904. [PMID: 30015906 PMCID: PMC6102742 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to establish a non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) model using cholesterol-fed rabbits and to investigate whether endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) serves a role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. A total of 20 male rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups: Those fed a normal chow diet, a high cholesterol diet (HCD) or a high fat and high cholesterol diet (HFCD) for 12 weeks. Total cholesterol, triglycerides and free fatty acids of plasma and the liver were measured. At 12 weeks, a glucose tolerance test was performed. The steatosis of the liver was evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin and Oil Red O staining. Expression levels of glucose regulation protein 78, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and caspase-12 mRNA was analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Plasma levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and free fatty acids in the HCD and HFCD groups were significantly higher when compared with those in the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Histological analysis revealed that HCD and HFCD groups demonstrated marked differences in the fatty liver compared with the control group, while there was no significant difference between the HCD and HFCD groups. JNK and caspase-12 expression were significantly increased in the HCD and HFCD groups when compared with the control. The HCD and HFCD groups exhibited prominent fatty livers, a typical pathological feature of NAFLD. However, the addition of high fat levels in the cholesterol diet did not increase the severity of hepatic steatosis in HFCD when compared with the HCD group. Thus, the ERS pathway may participate in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, and cholesterol-fed rabbits may become a novel model for the study of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Xingli Su
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Qi Yu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Yulong Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Hua Guan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Enqi Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Jianglin Fan
- Department of Pathology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
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Overexpression of Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Increases Macrophage-Derived Foam Cell Accumulation in Atherosclerotic Lesions of Transgenic Rabbits. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:3824276. [PMID: 29317793 PMCID: PMC5727764 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3824276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
High levels of plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) are inversely associated with the risk of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases; thus, pharmacological inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is considered to be a therapeutic method of raising HDL-C levels. However, many CETP inhibitors have failed to achieve a clinical benefit despite raising HDL-C. In the study, we generated transgenic (Tg) rabbits that overexpressed the human CETP gene to examine the influence of CETP on the development of atherosclerosis. Both Tg rabbits and their non-Tg littermates were fed a high cholesterol diet for 16 weeks. Plasma lipids and body weight were measured every 4 weeks. Gross lesion areas of the aortic atherosclerosis along with lesional cellular components were quantitatively analyzed. Overexpression of human CETP did not significantly alter the gross atherosclerotic lesion area, but the number of macrophages in lesions was significantly increased. Overexpression of human CETP did not change the plasma levels of total cholesterol or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol but lowered plasma HDL-C and increased triglycerides. These data revealed that human CETP may play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis mainly by decreasing HDL-C levels and increasing the accumulation of macrophage-derived foam cells.
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Autocrine Human Urotensin II Enhances Macrophage-Derived Foam Cell Formation in Transgenic Rabbits. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:843959. [PMID: 26640798 PMCID: PMC4659961 DOI: 10.1155/2015/843959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Circulating urotensin II (UII) is involved in the development of atherosclerosis. However, the role of autocrine UII in the development of atherosclerosis remains unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that autocrine UII would promote atherosclerosis. Transgenic rabbits were created as a model to study macrophage-specific expressing human UII (hUII) and used to investigate the role of autocrine UII in the development of atherosclerosis. Transgenic rabbits and their nontransgenic littermates were fed a high cholesterol diet to induce atherosclerosis. Comparing the transgenic rabbits with their nontransgenic littermates, it was observed that hUII expression increased the macrophage-positive area in the atherosclerotic lesions by 45% and the positive area ratio by 56% in the transgenic rabbits. Autocrine hUII significantly decreased the smooth muscle cell-positive area ratio in transgenic rabbits (by 54%), without affecting the plasma levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glucose and adipose tissue contents. These results elucidated for the first time that autocrine UII plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis by increasing the accumulation of macrophage-derived foam cell.
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Cheng D, Wang Y, Gao S, Wang X, Sun W, Bai L, Cheng G, Chu Y, Zhao S, Liu E. Atorvastatin delays the glucose clearance rate in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 72:24-9. [PMID: 26054671 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The administration of statin might increase the risk of new-onset diabetes in hypercholesterolemic patients based on the recent clinical evidence. However, the causal relationship must be clarified and confirmed in animal experiments. Therefore, we mimicked hypercholesterolemia by feeding rabbits a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) and performed 16 weeks of atorvastatin administration to investigate the effect of statin on glucose metabolism. The intravenous glucose tolerance test showed that plasma glucose levels in the statin-treated rabbits were consistently higher and that there was a slower rate of glucose clearance from the blood than in HCD rabbits. The incremental area under the curve for glucose in the statin-treated rabbits was also significantly larger than in the HCD rabbits. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the intravenous insulin tolerance test. The glucose-lowering ability of exogenous insulin was not impaired by statin treatment in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. The administration of a single dose of statin did not affect glucose metabolism in normal rabbits. The statin also significantly increased the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase and decreased plasma levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the hypercholesterolemic rabbits, whereas it did not affect plasma levels of glucose and insulin. The current results showed that atorvastatin treatment resulted in a significant delay of glucose clearance in hypercholesterolemic rabbits, and this rabbit model could be suitable for studying the effects of statin on glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxin Cheng
- Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of the Education Ministry, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shoucui Gao
- Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wentao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of the Education Ministry, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liang Bai
- Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of the Education Ministry, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yonglie Chu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of the Education Ministry, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sihai Zhao
- Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of the Education Ministry, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Enqi Liu
- Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Shaanxi, China.
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Zou X, Wang H, Cai L, Li K, Zhang W, Ding Y, Si Q. Effects of serum lipid smoothness on the progression and vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaques in rabbits. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93686. [PMID: 25007151 PMCID: PMC4090237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to explore the effects of lipid smoothness on the progression and vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaques. Approach 24 rabbits were divided into three groups randomly. Group 1 was given standard chow diet; group 2 was fed with cholesterol-rich diet; for group 3, subjects were planned to take cholesterol-rich diet at the first phase for 12 weeks and during the second phase, low-fat and cholesterol-rich diet was then applied alternately every three weeks till the end of the experiment. Lipid profiles, inflammatory factors, endothelium functions, pathological and histological changes were examined. Expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 were measured by immunohistochemical staining. Results According to data collected during the whole experiment, lipid smoothness index of group 3 was the lowest. Compared with group 2, statistics of the group 3 indicated that: the development of plaques progressed faster; the plaque area and plaque thickness (53.53[22.6]% vs 33.90[24.91]% , 800.38[98.25]µm vs 675.00[109.67]µm) were higher while the fibrous cap thickness (103.50[45.66]µm vs 295.83[97.90]µm) was lower; hs-CRP (0.53[0.07]mg/dL vs 0.45[0.06]mg/dL), interleukin-18 (186.01[8.41]ng/L vs 158.08[2.37]ng/L), OX-LDL (177.15[5.93]µg/L vs 139.57[2.35] µg/L) and endothelin-1 (164.66[9.54]ng/L vs 131.52[4.39]ng/L) were higher while nitric-oxide (22.41[1.69]µmol/L vs 27.23[1.36]µmol/L) was lower; expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (IOD: 37375.87[5634.52] vs 20956.57[4616.93]) and lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (IOD: 45213.04[16653.81] vs 21921.68[6142.32]) were higher. Conclusions Lipids fluctuation could accelerate the progression and vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaques through worsening arterial endothelium dysfunction and inflammatory reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zou
- Department 1 of the Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Haijun Wang
- Department 1 of the Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lili Cai
- Clinical Laboratory of Nanlou, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Kailiang Li
- Department 1 of the Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department 1 of the Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department 1 of the Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Quanjin Si
- Department 1 of the Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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Chen Y, Zhao S, Huang B, Wang Y, Li Y, Waqar AB, Liu R, Bai L, Fan J, Liu E. Probucol and cilostazol exert a combinatorial anti-atherogenic effect in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Thromb Res 2013; 132:565-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kopechek JA, Haworth KJ, Radhakrishnan K, Huang SL, Klegerman ME, McPherson DD, Holland CK. The impact of bubbles on measurement of drug release from echogenic liposomes. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2013; 20:1121-30. [PMID: 23357288 PMCID: PMC3632413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Echogenic liposomes (ELIP) encapsulate gas bubbles and drugs within lipid vesicles, but the mechanisms of ultrasound-mediated drug release from ELIP are not well understood. The effect of cavitation activity on drug release from ELIP was investigated in flowing solutions using two fluorescent molecules: a lipophilic drug (rosiglitazone) and a hydrophilic drug substitute (calcein). ELIP samples were exposed to pulsed Doppler ultrasound from a clinical diagnostic ultrasound scanner at pressures above and below the inertial and stable cavitation thresholds. Control samples were exposed to a surfactant, Triton X-100 (positive control), or to flow alone (negative control). Fluorescence techniques were used to detect release. Encapsulated microbubbles reduced the measured fluorescence intensity and this effect should be considered when assessing drug release from ELIP. The origin of this effect is not specific to ELIP. Release of rosiglitazone or calcein compared to the negative control was only observed with detergent treatment, but not with ultrasound exposure, despite the presence of stable and inertial cavitation activity. Release of rosiglitazone or calcein from ELIP exposed to diagnostic ultrasound was not observed, even in the presence of cavitation activity. Ultrasound-mediated drug delivery strategies with ELIP will thus rely on passage of the drug-loaded liposomes to target tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Kopechek
- Program of Biomedical Engineering, Univ. of Cincinnati, 2901 Woodside Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA.
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Khazaei M, Salehi E. Rosiglitazone enhances neovascularization in diabetic rat ischemic hindlimb model. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2012; 156:312-7. [PMID: 23104577 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2012.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) may be involved in the regulation of angiogenesis. In this study, we examined whether rosiglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, can restore angiogenesis in a rat hindlimb ischemia model of diabetes. METHODS Male wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=6 each): control, diabetic and control and diabetic rats who received rosiglitazone (8 mg/kg/day). Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (55 mg/kg; ip). After 21 days, serum concentrations of nitric oxide (NO), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and soluble VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) were measured and neovascularization in ischemic legs was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Capillary density and capillary/fiber ratio in hindlimb ischemia of diabetic animals were significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). Rosiglitazone significantly restored neovascularization in diabetic animals (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS rosiglitazone enhances neovascularization in diabetic ischemic skeletal muscle and could be considered for treatment of peripheral artery disease in diabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Khazaei
- Department of Physiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Wang Y, Cheng F, Chen Y, Li Y, Zhao S, Yu Q, Fan J, Liu E. High-dose rosiglitazone is pro-atherogenic in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Atherosclerosis 2012; 222:292-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Temporal and quantitative analysis of atherosclerotic lesions in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rabbits. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:506159. [PMID: 22505812 PMCID: PMC3312324 DOI: 10.1155/2012/506159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Revised: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The diet-induced atherosclerotic rabbit is an ideal model for atherosclerosis study, but temporal changes in atherosclerotic development in hypercholesterolemic rabbits are poorly understood. Japanese white rabbits were fed a high-cholesterol diet to induce sustained hypercholesterolemia, and each group of 10-12 animals was then sacrificed at 6, 12, 16, or 28 weeks. The rabbit aortas were harvested, and the sizes of the gross and intima atherosclerotic lesions were quantified. The cellular component of macrophages (Mφs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in aortic intimal lesions was also quantified by immunohistochemical staining, and the correlation between plasma cholesterol levels and the progress of atherosclerotic lesions was studied. The ultrastructure of the atherosclerotic lesions was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Widely variable atherosclerotic plaques were found from 6 weeks to 28 weeks, and the lesional progress was closely correlated with cholesterol exposure. Interestingly, a relatively reduced accumulation of Mφ, an increased numbers of SMCs, and a damaged endothelial layer were presented in advanced lesions. Moreover, SMCs were closely correlated with cholesterol exposure and lesional progress for the whole period. Cholesterol exposure directly determines atherosclerotic progress in a rabbit model, and the changes in the cellular component of advanced lesions may affect plaque stability in an atherosclerotic rabbit model.
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Statin effects on both low-density lipoproteins and high-density lipoproteins: is there a dual benefit? Curr Atheroscler Rep 2010; 12:14-9. [PMID: 20425266 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-009-0085-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Considerable evidence has demonstrated that use of statins has a beneficial impact on both progression of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. Accordingly, statins have been increasingly used in preventive strategies to reduce cardiovascular risk. More recent reports have demonstrated an incremental benefit with use of higher doses of statins and when used early in the setting of acute ischemic syndromes. Although lowering levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is likely to underscore the majority of the clinical benefit, emerging evidence suggests that additional properties may also be important. In particular, a number of reports have demonstrated that modest elevations in levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol are likely to contribute to the benefit of statins. As a result, a favorable influence on the ratio of atherogenic and protective lipid species is likely to have the most profound impact on cardiovascular risk in statin-treated individuals.
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Nicholls SJ, Uno K, Tuzcu EM, Nissen SE. Intracoronary Ultrasound in Assessing Efficacy of Cardiovascular Drugs. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING REPORTS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12410-010-9027-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zhang C, Zheng H, Yu Q, Yang P, Li Y, Cheng F, Fan J, Liu E. A practical method for quantifying atherosclerotic lesions in rabbits. J Comp Pathol 2009; 142:122-8. [PMID: 20031151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2009.08.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2009] [Revised: 07/07/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The rabbit has been widely used for the study of human atherosclerosis; however, the method for analysis of the atherosclerotic lesions has not been standardized between laboratories. The present study reports a practical method for quantifying the changes that occur in aortic atherosclerosis of rabbits. Male Japanese white rabbits were fed with either a standard chow or a diet containing 10% fat and 0.3% cholesterol for 16 weeks. Plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein were measured. Aortic atherosclerotic lesions were assessed in quantitative fashion using an image analysis system that measured (1) the gross area of the entire aorta affected by atherosclerosis as defined by Sudan IV staining, (2) the microscopical intimal lesion defined by the elastic van Gieson stain and (3) the infiltration of macrophages and smooth muscle cell proliferation as determined immunohistochemically. The rabbits developed severe aortic atherosclerosis without apparent abnormality of glucose metabolism. The quantitative method described here will be useful for the further investigation of atherosclerosis in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
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Potenza MA, Gagliardi S, De Benedictis L, Zigrino A, Tiravanti E, Colantuono G, Federici A, Lorusso L, Benagiano V, Quon MJ, Montagnani M. Treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats with rosiglitazone ameliorates cardiovascular pathophysiology via antioxidant mechanisms in the vasculature. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2009; 297:E685-94. [PMID: 19531637 PMCID: PMC2739701 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00291.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Accepted: 06/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes to cardiovascular complications of diabetes, in part, by reducing the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO). We investigated the mechanisms whereby the insulin sensitizer rosiglitazone may ameliorate oxidative stress in the vasculature of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Nine-week-old SHR were treated by gavage for 7 wk with rosiglitazone (5 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1)) or vehicle control. Treatment of SHR with rosiglitazone lowered systolic blood pressure, reduced fasting plasma insulin and asymmetrical dimethylarginine, and increased insulin sensitivity (when compared with vehicle treatment). In vessel homogenates and serum from rosiglitazone-treated SHR, SOD activity was enhanced, while 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) (lipid peroxidation product) was reduced (when compared with samples from vehicle-treated SHR). Moreover, expression of p22phox (catalytic subunit of NADPH oxidase) as well as nitrotyrosine and superoxide content were all reduced in the aortas of rosiglitazone-treated SHR. In mesenteric vascular beds (MVB) isolated ex vivo from rosiglitazone-treated SHR, NO-dependent vasodilator actions of insulin were improved when compared with MVB from vehicle-treated SHR. Acute pretreatment of MVB from vehicle-treated SHR with apocynin (NADPH oxidase inhibitor) enhanced vasodilator actions of insulin (results comparable to those in MVB from rosiglitazone-treated SHR). In Langendorff heart preparations from rosiglitazone-treated SHR, ischemia/reperfusion injury caused infarcts 40% smaller than in hearts from vehicle-treated SHR. Acute pretreatment of hearts from vehicle-treated SHR with apocynin produced similar results. Finally, rosiglitazone treatment of endothelial cells in primary culture reduced superoxide induced by insulin-resistant conditions. We conclude that rosiglitazone therapy in SHR increases SOD activity and decreases p22phox expression in the vasculature to reduce oxidant stress leading to an improved cardiovascular phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Potenza
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Human Physiology, Medical School, Univ. of Bari, Policlinico-Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
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Lonn EM, Gerstein HC, Sheridan P, Smith S, Diaz R, Mohan V, Bosch J, Yusuf S, Dagenais GR. Effect of Ramipril and of Rosiglitazone on Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in People With Impaired Glucose Tolerance or Impaired Fasting Glucose. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 53:2028-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2008] [Revised: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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