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An Updated Review on Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors as Antiplatelet Agents: Basic and Clinical Perspectives. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2023; 30:93-107. [PMID: 36637623 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-023-00562-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor is found integrin present in platelet aggregations. GP IIb/IIIa antagonists interfere with platelet cross-linking and platelet-derived thrombus formation through the competition with fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor. Currently, three parenteral GP IIb/IIIa competitors (tirofiban, eptifibatide, and abciximab) are approved for clinical use in patients affected by percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in the location of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). GP IIb/IIIa antagonists have their mechanism of action in platelet aggregation prevention, distal thromboembolism, and thrombus formation, whereas the initial platelet binding to damage vascular areas is preserved. This work is aimed to provide a comprehensive review of the significance of GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors as a sort of antiplatelet agent. Their mechanism of action is based on factors that affect their efficacy. On the other hand, drugs that inhibit GP IIb/IIIa already approved by the FDA were reviewed in detail. Results from major clinical trials and regulatory practices and guidelines to deal with GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors were deeply investigated. The cardiovascular pathology and neuro-interventional surgical application of GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors as a class of antiplatelet agents were developed in detail. The therapeutic risk/benefit balance of currently available GP IIb/IIa receptor antagonists is not yet well elucidated in patients with ACS who are not clinically evaluated regularly for early cardiovascular revascularization. On the other hand, in patients who have benefited from PCI, the antiplatelet therapy intensification by the addition of a GP IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist (intravenously) may be an appropriate therapeutic strategy in reducing the occurrence of risks of thrombotic complications related to the intervention. Development of GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors with oral administration has the potential to include short-term antiplatelet benefits compared with intravenous GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors for long-term secondary preventive therapy in cardiovascular disease. But studies showed that long-term oral administration of GP IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors has been ineffective in preventing ischemic events. Paradoxically, they have been linked to a high risk of side effects by producing prothrombotic and pro-inflammatory events.
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Baidildinova G, Nagy M, Jurk K, Wild PS, Ten Cate H, van der Meijden PEJ. Soluble Platelet Release Factors as Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:684920. [PMID: 34235190 PMCID: PMC8255615 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.684920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are the main players in thrombotic diseases, where activated platelets not only mediate thrombus formation but also are involved in multiple interactions with vascular cells, inflammatory components, and the coagulation system. Although in vitro reactivity of platelets provides information on the function of circulating platelets, it is not a full reflection of the in vivo activation state, which may be relevant for thrombotic risk assessment in various disease conditions. Therefore, studying release markers of activated platelets in plasma is of interest. While this type of study has been done for decades, there are several new discoveries that highlight the need for a critical assessment of the available tests and indications for platelet release products. First, new insights have shown that platelets are not only prominent players in arterial vascular disease, but also in venous thromboembolism and atrial fibrillation. Second, knowledge of the platelet proteome has dramatically expanded over the past years, which contributed to an increasing array of tests for proteins released and shed from platelets upon activation. Identification of changes in the level of plasma biomarkers associated with upcoming thromboembolic events allows timely and individualized adjustment of the treatment strategy to prevent disease aggravation. Therefore, biomarkers of platelet activation may become a valuable instrument for acute event prognosis. In this narrative review based on a systematic search of the literature, we summarize the process of platelet activation and release products, discuss the clinical context in which platelet release products have been measured as well as the potential clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaukhar Baidildinova
- Departments of Biochemistry and Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Magdolna Nagy
- Departments of Biochemistry and Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Jurk
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site RhineMain, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philipp S Wild
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site RhineMain, Mainz, Germany.,Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hugo Ten Cate
- Departments of Biochemistry and Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Thrombosis Expertise Center, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Paola E J van der Meijden
- Departments of Biochemistry and Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Thrombosis Expertise Center, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
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3
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Campo G, Contoli M, Fogagnolo A, Vieceli Dalla Sega F, Zucchetti O, Ronzoni L, Verri M, Fortini F, Pavasini R, Morandi L, Biscaglia S, Di Ienno L, D’Aniello E, Manfrini M, Zoppellari R, Rizzo P, Ferrari R, Volta CA, Papi A, Spadaro S. Over time relationship between platelet reactivity, myocardial injury and mortality in patients with SARS-CoV-2-associated respiratory failure. Platelets 2021; 32:560-567. [PMID: 33270471 PMCID: PMC7754923 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1852543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study (NCT04343053) is to investigate the relationship between platelet activation, myocardial injury, and mortality in patients affected by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Fifty-four patients with respiratory failure due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection were enrolled as cases. Eleven patients with the same clinical presentation, but negative for SARS-CoV-2 infection, were included as controls. Blood samples were collected at three different time points (inclusion [T1], after 7 ± 2 days [T2] and 14 ± 2 days [T3]). Platelet aggregation by light transmittance aggregometry and the circulating levels of soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) and P-selectin were measured. Platelet biomarkers did not differ between cases and controls, except for sCD40L which was higher in COVID-19 patients (p = .003). In COVID-19 patients, P-selectin and sCD40L levels decreased from T1 to T3 and were higher in cases requiring admission to intensive care unit (p = .004 and p = .008, respectively). Patients with myocardial injury (37%), as well as those who died (30%), had higher values of all biomarkers of platelet activation (p < .05 for all). Myocardial injury was an independent predictor of mortality. In COVID-19 patients admitted to hospital for respiratory failure, heightened platelet activation is associated with severity of illness, myocardial injury, and mortality.ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT04343053.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Campo
- Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Ferrara, Cona, Italy
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, Italy
- Correspondence: Gianluca Campo, MD, Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria S. Anna, Cona (Fe)44124, Italy. E-mail:
| | - Marco Contoli
- Research Centre on Asthma and COPD, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto Fogagnolo
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Intensive Care Section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Ottavio Zucchetti
- Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Ferrara, Cona, Italy
| | - Luca Ronzoni
- Research Centre on Asthma and COPD, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marco Verri
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Intensive Care Section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Rita Pavasini
- Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Ferrara, Cona, Italy
| | - Luca Morandi
- Research Centre on Asthma and COPD, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simone Biscaglia
- Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Ferrara, Cona, Italy
| | - Luca Di Ienno
- Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Ferrara, Cona, Italy
| | - Emanuele D’Aniello
- Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Ferrara, Cona, Italy
| | - Marco Manfrini
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Roberto Zoppellari
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Intensive Care Section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Rizzo
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, Italy
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Ferrari
- Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Ferrara, Cona, Italy
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Carlo Alberto Volta
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Intensive Care Section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto Papi
- Research Centre on Asthma and COPD, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Savino Spadaro
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Intensive Care Section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Kojok K, Mohsen M, El Kadiry AEH, Mourad W, Merhi Y. Aspirin Reduces the Potentiating Effect of CD40L on Platelet Aggregation via Inhibition of Myosin Light Chain. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e013396. [PMID: 32009527 PMCID: PMC7033871 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.013396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Antiplatelet therapy with aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid [ASA]) is less efficient in some coronary patients, which increases their risk of developing thrombosis. Elevated blood levels of thromboinflammatory mediators, like soluble CD40L (sCD40L), may explain such variabilities. We hypothesized that in the presence of elevated levels of sCD40L, the efficacy of ASA may vary and aimed to determine the effects of ASA on CD40L signaling and aggregation of platelets. Methods and Results The effects of ASA on CD40L‐treated human platelets, in response to suboptimal concentrations of collagen or thrombin, were assessed at levels of aggregation, thromboxane A2 secretion, and phosphorylation of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase, nuclear factor kappa B, transforming growth factor‐β–activated kinase 1, and myosin light chain. sCD40L significantly elevated thromboxane A2 secretion in platelets in response to suboptimal doses of collagen and thrombin, which was reversed by ASA. ASA did not inhibit the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase, nuclear factor kappa B, and transforming growth factor‐β–activated kinase 1, with sCD40L stimulation alone or with platelet agonists. sCD40L potentiated platelet aggregation, an effect completely reversed and partially reduced by ASA in response to a suboptimal dose of collagen and thrombin, respectively. The effects of ASA in sCD40L‐treated platelets with collagen were related to inhibition of platelet shape change and myosin light chain phosphorylation. Conclusions ASA does not affect platelet sCD40L signaling but prevents its effect on thromboxane A2 secretion and platelet aggregation in response to collagen, via a mechanism implying inhibition of myosin light chain. Targeting the sCD40L axis in platelets may have a therapeutic potential in patients with elevated levels of sCD40L and who are nonresponsive or less responsive to ASA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kojok
- The Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Research Centre Montreal Heart Institute Montreal Quebec Canada.,Faculty of Medicine Université de Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Mira Mohsen
- The Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Research Centre Montreal Heart Institute Montreal Quebec Canada.,Faculty of Medicine Université de Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Abed El Hakim El Kadiry
- The Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Research Centre Montreal Heart Institute Montreal Quebec Canada.,Faculty of Medicine Université de Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Walid Mourad
- Faculty of Medicine Université de Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada.,Research Centre Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal Montréal Quebec Canada
| | - Yahye Merhi
- The Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Research Centre Montreal Heart Institute Montreal Quebec Canada.,Faculty of Medicine Université de Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada
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High Serum sCD40L Levels During the First Week of Malignant Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction and Mortality. World Neurosurg 2019; 132:e630-e636. [PMID: 31442656 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher circulating soluble cluster of differentiation 40 ligand (sCD40L) levels at admission of an ischemic stroke have been found in nonsurvivor than in survivor patients. The objectives of this study were to determine whether serum sCD40L levels during the first week of a severe malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (MMCAI) are higher in nonsurvivor than in survivor patients and whether they could be used as biomarker of mortality prediction. METHODS This multicenter study included patients with severe MMCAI (defined as Glasgow Coma Scale score <9). We determined serum sCD40L concentrations at days 1, 4, and 8 and performed receiver operating characteristic analyses to determine their capacity for 30-day mortality prediction. RESULTS Nonsurvivors (n = 34) showed higher sCD40L levels on days 1 (P < 0.001), 4 (P = 0.004), and 8 (P < 0.001) than did survivor patients (n = 34). Areas under the curve of serum sCD40L concentrations at days 1, 4, and 8 of severe MMCAI for 30-day mortality prediction were 83% (P < 0.001), 89% (P < 0.001), and 87% (P < 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The findings that nonsurvivors showed higher serum sCD40L levels during the first week of MMCAI than did survivors and that serum sCD40L levels during the first week of MMCAI could be used as a mortality predictor biomarker are 2 novel findings.
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Wang XF, Zhang BH, Lu XQ, Wang P. Efficacy of different hemodialysis methods on dendritic cell marker CD40 and CD80 and platelet activation marker CD62P and P10 in patients with chronic renal failure. J Clin Lab Anal 2018; 33:e22713. [PMID: 30499177 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic renal failure (CRF) has become a major public health concern, which increases the risk of stroke and systemic thromboembolism. Therefore, therapeutic strategies are in urgent requirement. This study was conducted for investigating efficacy of hemodialysis (HD), hemodiafiltration (HDF), and hemoperfusion (HP) in patients with CRF and the correlation with the presence of complications following HD therapy. METHODS The therapeutic effect, living quality, biochemical indicators, and dry weight were detected before and after the treatment regimens. Flow cytometry was conducted to detect expressions of dendritic cell markers (CD40 and CD80) and platelet activation markers (CD62P and P10), and the relationship between their expression and therapeutic effect as well as the association of these expressions with complications was analyzed. RESULTS After HD therapy, patients presented with decreased serum creatinine, serum phosphorus, triglyceride, parathyroid hormone, and β2 -MG expression; increased hemoglobin, plasma albumin expressions, and dry weight; and enhanced therapeutic effect and living quality. CD62P and P10 expressions decreased, while CD40 and CD80 expressions increased following HD therapy. The therapeutic effect improved in patients with low expressions of CD40 and CD80 and high expressions of CD62P and P10 following HP treatment and complications were lower after treatment of HDF and HP. CONCLUSION The aforementioned results indicated that CRF patients treated with HP exhibited higher expression of CD40 and CD80 and lower expression of CD62P and P10, suggesting that HP is conferred to have better efficacy than HDF and HD. Therefore, HP may be a promising clinical regimen for treatment of CRF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Fang Wang
- Department of Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bei-Hao Zhang
- Department of Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Lu
- Department of Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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A Naphthalenic Derivative ND-1 Inhibits Thrombus Formation by Interfering the Binding of Fibrinogen to Integrin αIIb β3. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:8587164. [PMID: 28097150 PMCID: PMC5206433 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8587164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Integrin αIIbβ3 plays a crucial role in the process of platelet aggregation. Three integrin αIIbβ3 antagonists (abciximab, eptifibatide, and tirofiban) have been approved by FDA for clinical use. Unfortunately, they all showed severe side effects such as thrombocytopenia and bleeding risk. Thus, researches on the development of more effective and safer antiplatelet agents are needed. In this manuscript we reported a novel naphthalenic derivative compound ND-1 with potent antithrombotic effect and lower bleeding risk. ND-1 inhibited ADP-, collagen-, thrombin-, and U46619-induced platelet aggregation with IC50 values of 1.29, 14.46, 12.84, and 40.24 μM, respectively. Mechanism studies indicated that ND-1 inhibited the binding of fibrinogen to integrin αIIbβ3 in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 3.12 μM. ND-1 inhibited P-selectin expression induced by ADP, collagen, thrombin, and U46619 on the surface of platelets. Additionally, this compound reduced platelets spreading to the immobilized fibrinogen. In vivo, ND-1 potently decreased thrombus formation in an arteriovenous shunt thrombosis model in rats and slightly prolonged bleeding time in a tail cutting model in mice. Taken together, our results reveal that ND-1 is a novel antagonist of αIIbβ3 with strong antithrombotic effect and lower bleeding risk.
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8
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A prospective study of platelet function in trauma patients. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2016; 80:726-32; discussion 732-3. [DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000001017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Jones LD, Jackson JW, Maggirwar SB. Modeling HIV-1 Induced Neuroinflammation in Mice: Role of Platelets in Mediating Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151702. [PMID: 26986758 PMCID: PMC4795798 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of HIV-1 positive individuals developing some form of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is increasing. In these individuals, the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is compromised due to an increase in exposure to pro-inflammatory mediators, viral proteins, and virus released from infected cells. It has been shown that soluble CD40L (sCD40L) is released upon platelet activation and is an important mediator of the pathogenesis of HAND but the underlying mechanisms are unclear, emphasizing the need of an effective animal model. Here, we have utilized a novel animal model in which wild-type (WT) mice were infected with EcoHIV; a derivative of HIV-1 that contains a substitution of envelope protein gp120 with that of gp80 derived from murine leukemia virus-1 (MuLV-1). As early as two-weeks post-infection, EcoHIV led to increased permeability of the BBB associated with decreased expression of tight junction protein claudin-5, in CD40L and platelet activation-dependent manner. Treatment with an antiplatelet drug, eptifibatide, in EcoHIV-infected mice normalized BBB function, sCD40L release and platelet activity, thus implicating platelet activation and platelet-derived CD40L in virally induced BBB dysfunction. Our results also validate and underscore the importance of EcoHIV infection mouse model as a tool to explore therapeutic targets for HAND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letitia D Jones
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Joseph W Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Sanjay B Maggirwar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
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Zheng NG, Mo SJ, Li JP, Wu JL. Anti-CSC Effects in Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Eca109/9706 Cells Induced by Nanoliposomal Quercetin Alone or Combined with CD 133 Antiserum. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:8679-84. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.20.8679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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11
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Davidson DC, Jackson JW, Maggirwar SB. Targeting platelet-derived soluble CD40 ligand: a new treatment strategy for HIV-associated neuroinflammation? J Neuroinflammation 2013; 10:144. [PMID: 24289660 PMCID: PMC3906985 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-10-144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) continues to be one of the most prevalent global health afflictions to date. The advent and introduction of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has made a significant impact on the course of infection. However, as patients are living longer, many HIV-associated illnesses are becoming prevalent among the infected population, especially those associated with chronic inflammation. Consistently, HIV-associated neuroinflammation is believed to be a major catalyst in the development of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), which are estimated to persist in approximately 50% of infected individuals regardless of cART. This dramatically underscores the need to develop effective adjunctive therapies capable of controlling this aspect of the disease, which are currently lacking. We previously demonstrated that the inflammatory mediator soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) is elevated in both the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of cognitively impaired infected individuals compared to their non-impaired infected counterparts. Our group, and others have recently demonstrated that there is an increasing role for this inflammatory mediator in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated neuroinflammation, thereby identifying this molecule as a potential therapeutic target for the management of HAND. Platelets are the major source of circulating sCD40L, and these small cells are increasingly implicated in a multitude of inflammatory disorders, including those common during HIV infection. Thus, antiplatelet therapies that minimize the release of platelet-derived inflammatory mediators such as sCD40L are an innovative, non-traditional approach for the treatment of HIV-associated neuroinflammation, with the potential to benefit other HIV-associated illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sanjay B Maggirwar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 672, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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Jennings LK, Kotha J. The Utility of Platelet and Coagulation Testing of Antithrombotics: Fusing Science with Patient Care. Drug Dev Res 2013; 74:587-593. [PMID: 24489427 PMCID: PMC3902984 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
[Table: see text] There is an increasing need for the standardization of platelet function and coagulation testing for the assessment of antithrombotic therapies. Investigators continue to strive to identify ideal laboratory testing and monitoring procedures for acquired and inherited platelet function defects as well as for evaluating patient status when treated with existing or emerging antithrombotics. These therapies are used primarily in the treatment of ischemic complications. In patients receiving antithrombotic therapy, the balance between hemostasis and thrombosis is a challenge as there is an ongoing risk for bleeding when patients are receiving antiplatelet agents or anticoagulants to lessen their risk for secondary thrombotic events. There are several diverse tests for monitoring anticoagulant therapy; however, as new agents are developed, more specific tests will be required to directly assess these agents in relationship to overall coagulation status. Research in the platelet biology field is ongoing to provide point-of-care methodologies for the assessment of platelet reactivity in terms of both bleeding and thrombosis risk. Currently there are no instruments that reliably assess the risk of bleeding. The challenges that routinely faced are the complexity of physiology, the need for standardization of platelet testing methodology, and the necessity for appropriate interpretation of the test results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K Jennings
- The University of Tennessee Health Science Center and CirQuest Labs Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jayaprakash Kotha
- The University of Tennessee Health Science Center and CirQuest Labs Memphis, TN, USA
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13
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Protective Mechanisms of S. lycopersicum Aqueous Fraction (Nucleosides and Flavonoids) on Platelet Activation and Thrombus Formation: In Vitro, Ex Vivo and In Vivo Studies. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:609714. [PMID: 24159349 PMCID: PMC3789491 DOI: 10.1155/2013/609714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate mechanisms of antiplatelet action of bioactive principle from S. lycopersicum. Aqueous fraction had a high content of nucleosides (adenosine, guanosine, and adenosine 5′-monophosphate) by HPLC analysis. Also aqueous fraction presented flavonoids content. Aqueous fraction inhibited platelet activation by 15 ± 6% (P < 0.05). Fully spread of human platelets on collagen in the presence of aqueous fraction was inhibited from 15 ± 1 to 9 ± 1 μm2 (P < 0.001). After incubation of whole blood with aqueous fraction, the platelet coverage was inhibited by 55 ± 12% (P < 0.001). Platelet ATP secretion and aggregation were significantly inhibited by the aqueous fraction. At the same concentrations that aqueous fraction inhibits platelet aggregation, levels of sCD40L significantly decreased and the intraplatelet cAMP levels increased. In addition, SQ22536, an adenylate cyclase inhibitor, attenuated the effect of aqueous fraction toward ADP-induced platelet aggregation and intraplatelet level of cAMP. Platelet aggregation ex vivo (human study) and thrombosis formation in vivo (murine model) were inhibited by aqueous fraction. Finally, aqueous fraction may be used as a functional ingredient adding antiplatelet activities (nucleosides and flavonoids) to processed foods.
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14
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Zhang B, Wu T, Chen M, Zhou Y, Yi D, Guo R. The CD40/CD40L system: a new therapeutic target for disease. Immunol Lett 2013; 153:58-61. [PMID: 23892087 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The role of CD40/CD40 ligand (CD40L) interactions in atherothrombosis, in the response of the immune system to pathogens and in thrombosis is now widely accepted. A role for CD40-CD40L interactions has been identified in atherosclerosis (AS), and such interactions are known to destabilize atherosclerotic plaques by inducing the expression of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, matrix metalloproteinases and pro-coagulant factors. CD40/CD40L interactions have also been implicated in immune system disorders. Recent studies have suggested that CD40/CD40L interactions regulate oxidative stress and affect various signaling pathways in both the immunological and the cardiovascular systems. Here, we discuss the current drugs that target the CD40/CD40L system, as understanding the roles and regulations of CD40/CD40L-mediated signal pathways by these drugs could facilitate the development of therapeutics that target diverse diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Zhou K, Niu S, Bianchi G, Wei X, Garimella N, Griffith BP, Wu ZJ. Biocompatibility assessment of a long-term wearable artificial pump-lung in sheep. Artif Organs 2013; 37:678-88. [PMID: 23452221 DOI: 10.1111/aor.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the biocompatibility of a newly developed long-term wearable artificial pump-lung (APL) in a clinically relevant ovine animal model. The wearable APL device was implanted in five sheep through left thoracotomy. The device was connected between the right atrium and pulmonary artery and evaluated for 30 days. Three sheep were used as the sham control. Platelet activation was assessed by measuring platelet surface P-selectin (CD62P) expression with flow cytometry and plasma soluble P-selectin with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Thrombotic deposition on the device components and hollow fiber membranes were analyzed with digital imaging and scanning electron microscopy. Surface P-selectin of the APL and sham groups changed significantly over the study period, but without significant differences between the two groups. Soluble P-selectin for the two groups peaked in the first 24 h after the surgery. Soluble P-selectin of the APL group remained slightly elevated over the study period compared to the presurgical baseline value and was slightly higher compared to that of the sham group. Plasma free hemoglobin remained in the normal ranges in all the animals. In spite of the surgery-related alteration in laboratory tests and elevation of platelet activation status, the APL devices in all the animals functioned normally (oxygen transfer and blood pumping) during the 30-day study period. The device flow path and membrane surface were free of gross thrombus. Electron microscopy images showed only scattered thrombi on the fibers (membrane surface and weft). In summary, the APL exhibited excellent biocompatibility. Two forms of platelet activation, surgery-related and device-induced, in the animals implanted with the wearable APL were observed. The limited device-induced platelet activation did not cause gross thrombosis and impair the long-term device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Zhou
- Artificial Organs Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Tayeb HM, Nelson AJ, Willoughby SR, Worthley MI. Antiplatelet therapy in acute coronary syndromes: current agents and impact on patient outcomes. PATIENT-RELATED OUTCOME MEASURES 2012; 2:7-19. [PMID: 22915965 PMCID: PMC3417919 DOI: 10.2147/prom.s9834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Platelets play a central role in atherothrombosis and subsequent development of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The understanding of this process has driven a large body of evidence demonstrating the mortality and morbidity benefits of antiplatelet agents in the ACS population. As expected, however, these agents come with an intrinsically increased risk of bleeding which underlies the vast majority of their complications and adverse effects. In today’s setting of compounding comorbidities and broadening indications, finding the balance between thrombosis prevention and bleeding risk remains the challenge for all clinicians considering these medications. This article reviews the current main antiplatelet agents that are available for clinical use and outlines their impact on ACS outcome. We also outline factors which affect the response to these agents and discuss strategies to optimize clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam M Tayeb
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Adelaide Hospital and Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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17
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Giannini S, Falcinelli E, Bury L, Guglielmini G, Rossi R, Momi S, Gresele P. Interaction with damaged vessel wall in vivo in humans induces platelets to express CD40L resulting in endothelial activation with no effect of aspirin intake. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 300:H2072-9. [PMID: 21378140 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00467.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Activated platelets express CD40L on their plasma membrane and release the soluble fragment sCD40L. The interaction between platelet surface CD40L and endothelial cell CD40 leads to the activation of endothelium contributing to atherothrombosis. Few studies have directly demonstrated an increased expression of platelet CD40L in conditions of in vivo platelet activation in humans, and no data are available on its relevance for endothelial activation. We aimed to assess whether platelets activated in vivo at a localized site of vascular injury in humans express CD40L and release sCD40L, whether the level of platelet CD40L expression attained in vivo is sufficient to induce endothelial activation, and whether platelet CD40L expression is inhibited by aspirin intake. We used the skin-bleeding-time test as a model to study the interaction between platelets and a damaged vessel wall by measuring CD40L in the blood emerging from a skin wound in vivo in healthy volunteers. In some experiments, shed blood was analyzed before and 1 h after the intake of 500 mg of aspirin. Platelets from the bleeding-time blood express CD40L and release soluble sCD40L, in a time-dependent way. In vivo platelet CD40L expression was mild but sufficient to induce VCAM-1 expression and IL-8 secretion in coincubation experiments with cultured human endothelial cells. Moreover, platelets recovered from the bleeding-time blood activated endothelial cells; an anti-CD40L antibody blocked this effect. On the contrary, the amount of sCD40L released by activated platelets at a localized site of vascular injury did not reach the concentrations required to induce endothelial cell activation. Soluble monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, a marker of endothelium activation, was increased in shed blood and correlated with platelet CD40L expression. Aspirin intake did not inhibit CD40L expression by platelets in vivo. We concluded that CD40L expressed by platelets in vivo in humans upon contact with a damaged vessel wall activates endothelium; aspirin treatment does not inhibit this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Giannini
- Div. of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Univ. of Perugia, Via E. dal Pozzo, 06126 Perugia, Italy
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Choi S, Lee H, Choi JR, Oh ES. Shedding; towards a new paradigm of syndecan function in cancer. BMB Rep 2010; 43:305-10. [PMID: 20510012 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2010.43.5.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Syndecans, cell surface heparansulfate proteoglycans, have been proposed to act as cell surface receptors and/or coreceptors to play critical roles in multiple cellular functions. However, recent reports suggest that the function of syndecans can be further extended through shedding, a cleavage of extracellular domain. Shedding constitutes an additional level for controlling the function of syndecans, providing a means to attenuate and/or regulate amplitude and duration of syndecan signals by modulating the activity of syndecans as cell surface receptors. Whether these remaining cleavage products are still capable of functioning as cell surface receptors to efficiently transduce signals inside of cells is not clear. However, shedding transforms cell surface receptor syndecans into soluble forms, which, like growth factors, may act as novel ligands to induce cellular responses by association with other cell surface receptors. It is becoming interestingly evident that shed syndecans also contribute significantly to syndecan functions in cancer biology. This review presents current knowledge about syndecan shedding and its functional significance, particularly in the context of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojoong Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Center for Cell Signaling and Drug Discovery Research, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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