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Baroni M, Beltrami S, Schiuma G, Ferraresi P, Rizzo S, Passaro A, Molina JMS, Rizzo R, Di Luca D, Bortolotti D. In Situ Endothelial SARS-CoV-2 Presence and PROS1 Plasma Levels Alteration in SARS-CoV-2-Associated Coagulopathies. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:237. [PMID: 38398746 PMCID: PMC10890393 DOI: 10.3390/life14020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coagulation decompensation is one of the complications most frequently encountered in COVID-19 patients with a poor prognosis or long-COVID syndrome, possibly due to the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the cardiovascular system. To date, the mechanism underlying the alteration of the coagulation cascade in COVID-19 patients remains misunderstood and the anticoagulant protein S (PROS1) has been described as a potential risk factor for complications related to COVID-19, due to PLpro SARS-CoV-2 enzyme proteolysis. METHODS Biopsies and blood samples were collected from SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative swab test subjects with coagulopathies (peripheral arterial thrombosis), and SARS-CoV-2 presence, ACE2 and CD147 expression, and plasmatic levels of PROS1 were evaluated. RESULTS We reported a significant decrease of plasmatic PROS1 in the coagulopathic SARS-CoV-2 swab positive cohort, in association with SARS-CoV-2 in situ infection and CD147 peculiar expression. These data suggested that SARS-CoV-2 associated thrombotic/ischemic events might involve PROS1 cleavage by viral PLpro directly in the site of infection, leading to the loss of its anticoagulant function. CONCLUSIONS Based on this evidence, the identification of predisposing factors, such as CD147 increased expression, and the use of PLpro inhibitors to preserve PROS1 function, might be useful for COVID-19 coagulopathies management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Baroni
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (SVEB), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.B.); (P.F.)
| | - Silvia Beltrami
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.B.); (G.S.); (S.R.); (J.M.S.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Giovanna Schiuma
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.B.); (G.S.); (S.R.); (J.M.S.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Paolo Ferraresi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (SVEB), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.B.); (P.F.)
| | - Sabrina Rizzo
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.B.); (G.S.); (S.R.); (J.M.S.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Angelina Passaro
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Juana Maria Sanz Molina
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.B.); (G.S.); (S.R.); (J.M.S.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Roberta Rizzo
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.B.); (G.S.); (S.R.); (J.M.S.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Dario Di Luca
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Daria Bortolotti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.B.); (G.S.); (S.R.); (J.M.S.M.); (D.B.)
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Onishchenko NR, Moskovtsev AA, Kobanenko MK, Tretiakova DS, Alekseeva AS, Kolesov DV, Mikryukova AA, Boldyrev IA, Kapkaeva MR, Shcheglovitova ON, Bovin NV, Kubatiev AA, Tikhonova OV, Vodovozova EL. Protein Corona Attenuates the Targeting of Antitumor Sialyl Lewis X-Decorated Liposomes to Vascular Endothelial Cells under Flow Conditions. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1754. [PMID: 37376203 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we showed in the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) model that a liposome formulation of melphalan lipophilic prodrug (MlphDG) decorated with selectin ligand tetrasaccharide Sialyl Lewis X (SiaLeX) undergoes specific uptake by activated cells and in an in vivo tumor model causes a severe antivascular effect. Here, we cultured HUVECs in a microfluidic chip and then applied the liposome formulations to study their interactions with the cells in situ under hydrodynamic conditions close to capillary blood flow using confocal fluorescent microscopy. The incorporation of 5 to 10% SiaLeX conjugate in the bilayer of MlphDG liposomes increased their consumption exclusively by activated endotheliocytes. The increase of serum concentration from 20 to 100% in the flow resulted in lower liposome uptake by the cells. To elucidate the possible roles of plasma proteins in the liposome-cell interactions, liposome protein coronas were isolated and analyzed by shotgun proteomics and immunoblotting of selected proteins. Proteomic analysis showed that a gradual increase in SiaLeX content correlated with the overall enrichment of the liposome-associated proteins with several apolipoproteins, including the most positively charged one, ApoC1, and serum amyloid A4, associated with inflammation, on the one hand, and a decrease in the content of bound immunoglobulins, on the other. The article discusses the potential interference of the proteins in the binding of liposomes to selectins of endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia R Onishchenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A Moskovtsev
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Baltiyskaya 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria K Kobanenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria S Tretiakova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna S Alekseeva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Kolesov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Baltiyskaya 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A Mikryukova
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Baltiyskaya 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan A Boldyrev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina R Kapkaeva
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, ul. Gamaleya 18, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga N Shcheglovitova
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, ul. Gamaleya 18, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nicolai V Bovin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aslan A Kubatiev
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Baltiyskaya 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V Tikhonova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, ul. Pogodinskaya 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena L Vodovozova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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Functional recovery in multiple sclerosis patients undergoing rehabilitation programs is associated with plasma levels of hemostasis inhibitors. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 44:102319. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Expression profiles of the internal jugular and saphenous veins: Focus on hemostasis genes. Thromb Res 2020; 191:113-124. [PMID: 32438216 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Venous bed specificity could contribute to differential vulnerability to thrombus formation, and is potentially reflected in mRNA profiles. MATERIALS AND METHODS Microarray-based transcriptome analysis in wall and valve specimens from internal jugular (IJV) and saphenous (SV) veins collected during IJV surgical reconstruction in patients with impaired brain outflow. Multiplex antigenic assay in paired jugular and peripheral plasma samples. RESULTS Most of the top differentially expressed transcripts have been previously associated with both vascular and neurological disorders. Large expression differences of HOX genes, organ patterning regulators, pinpointed the vein positional identity. The "complement and coagulation cascade" emerged among enriched pathways. In IJV, upregulation of genes for coagulation inhibitors (TFPI, PROS1), activated protein C pathway receptors (THBD, PROCR), fibrinolysis activators (PLAT, PLAUR), and downregulation of the fibrinolysis inhibitor (SERPINE1) and of contact/amplification pathway genes (F11, F12), would be compatible with a thromboprotective profile in respect to SV. Further, in SV valve the prothrombinase complex genes (F5, F2) were up-regulated and the VWF showed the highest expression. Differential expression of several VWF regulators (ABO, ST3GAL4, SCARA5, CLEC4M) was also observed. Among other differentially expressed hemostasis-related genes, heparanase (HPSE)/heparanase inhibitor (HPSE2) were up-/down-regulated in IJV, which might support procoagulant features and disease conditions. The jugular plasma levels of several proteins, encoded by differentially expressed genes, were lower and highly correlated with peripheral levels. CONCLUSIONS The IJV and SV rely on differential expression of many hemostasis and hemostasis-related genes to balance local hemostasis, potentially related to differences in vulnerability to thrombosis.
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Abstract
The phagocytic clearance of dying cells in a tissue is a highly orchestrated series of intercellular events coordinated by a complex signaling network. Recent data from genetic, biochemical, and live-imaging approaches have greatly enhanced our understanding of the dynamics of cell clearance and how the process is orchestrated at the cellular and tissue levels. We discuss how networks regulating apoptotic cell clearance are integrated to enable a rapid, efficient, and high-capacity clearance system within tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Elliott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Kodi S Ravichandran
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Center for Cell Clearance, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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Baroni M, Pavani G, Pinotti M, Branchini A, Bernardi F, Camire RM. Asymmetric processing of mutant factor X Arg386Cys reveals differences between intrinsic and extrinsic pathway activation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2015; 1854:1351-6. [PMID: 26012870 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in coagulation factor X (FX) activation, mediated by the extrinsic VIIa/tissue factor (FVIIa/TF) or the intrinsic factor IXa/factor VIIIa (FIXa/FVIIIa) complexes, can result in hemorrhagic/prothrombotic tendencies. However, the molecular determinants involved in substrate recognition by these enzymes are poorly defined. Here, we investigated the role of arginine 386 (chymotrypsin numbering c202), a surface-exposed residue on the FX catalytic domain. The naturally occurring FX386Cys mutant and FX386Ala variant were characterized. Despite the unpaired cysteine, recombinant (r)FX386Cys was efficiently secreted (88.6±21.3% of rFXwt) and possessed normal clearance in mice. rFX386Cys was also normally activated by FVIIa/TF and displayed intact amidolytic activity. In contrast, rFX386Cys activation by the FIXa/FVIIIa complex was 4.5-fold reduced, which was driven by a decrease in the kcat (1.6∗10(-4) s(-1) vs 5.8∗10(-4) s(-1), rFXwt). The virtually unaltered Km (70.6 nM vs 55.6nM, rFXwt) suggested no major alterations in the FX substrate exosite. Functional assays in plasma supplemented with rFX386Cys indicated a remarkable reduction in the thrombin generation rate and thus in coagulation efficiency. Consistently, the rFX386Ala variant displayed similar biochemical features suggesting that global changes at position 386 impact the intrinsic pathway activation. These data indicate that the FXArg386 is involved in FIXa/FVIIIa-mediated FX activation and help in elucidating the bleeding tendency associated with the FX386Cys in a rare FX deficiency case. Taking advantage of the unpaired cysteine, the rFX386Cys mutant may be efficiently targeted by thiol-specific ligands and represent a valuable tool to study FX structure-function relationships both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Baroni
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Italy.
| | - G Pavani
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Italy; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; The Center for Cell and Molecular Therapeutics, and Division of Hematology, The University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - M Pinotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Branchini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - F Bernardi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - R M Camire
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; The Center for Cell and Molecular Therapeutics, and Division of Hematology, The University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Tim4- and MerTK-mediated engulfment of apoptotic cells by mouse resident peritoneal macrophages. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:1512-20. [PMID: 24515440 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01394-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic cells are swiftly engulfed by macrophages to prevent the release of noxious materials from dying cells. Apoptotic cells expose phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) on their surface, and macrophages engulf them by recognizing PtdSer using specific receptors and opsonins. Here, we found that mouse resident peritoneal macrophages expressing Tim4 and MerTK are highly efficient at engulfing apoptotic cells. Neutralizing antibodies against either Tim4 or MerTK inhibited the macrophage engulfment of apoptotic cells. Tim4-null macrophages exhibited reduced binding and engulfment of apoptotic cells, whereas MerTK-null macrophages retained the ability to bind apoptotic cells but failed to engulf them. The incubation of wild-type peritoneal macrophages with apoptotic cells induced the rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of MerTK, which was not observed with Tim4-null macrophages. When mouse Ba/F3 cells were transformed with Tim4, apoptotic cells bound to the transformants but were not engulfed. Transformation of Ba/F3 cells with MerTK had no effect on the binding or engulfment of apoptotic cells; however, Tim4/MerTK transformants exhibited strong engulfment activity. Taken together, these results indicate that the engulfment of apoptotic cells by resident peritoneal macrophages proceeds in two steps: binding to Tim4, a PtdSer receptor, followed by MerTK-mediated cell engulfment.
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Martin M, Leffler J, Blom AM. Annexin A2 and A5 serve as new ligands for C1q on apoptotic cells. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:33733-44. [PMID: 22879587 PMCID: PMC3460470 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.341339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
C1q is the initiator of the classical complement pathway and opsonizes apoptotic cells to facilitate phagocytosis. Deficiency of C1q is the strongest known risk factor for development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which appears to be related to ensuing impaired clearance of apoptotic material. The objective of the current study was to investigate new ligands for C1q on the surface of apoptotic cells. We revealed that the two phospholipid-binding proteins annexin A2 and A5 are, beside DNA, significant C1q ligands. We furthermore, demonstrated that C1q binds directly to histones exposed on the surface of dying cells but we did not detect significant interaction with phosphatidylserine. The complement inhibitors C4b-binding protein and factor H also interact with dying cells, most likely to decrease complement activation beyond the level of C3 to allow noninflammatory clearance. Despite the fact that C4b-binding protein, factor H, and C1q share some ligands on dying cells, we showed that these three proteins did not compete with one another for binding to apoptotic cells. We additionally demonstrated that the way in which apoptosis is induced influenced both the degree of apoptosis and the binding of C1q. The knowledge, that annexin A2 and A5 act as ligands for C1q on apoptotic cells, sheds new light on the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Martin
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine Malmö, Lund University, Medical Protein Chemistry, Inga Marie Nilssons gata 53, S-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jonatan Leffler
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine Malmö, Lund University, Medical Protein Chemistry, Inga Marie Nilssons gata 53, S-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna M. Blom
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine Malmö, Lund University, Medical Protein Chemistry, Inga Marie Nilssons gata 53, S-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
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