1
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Cox AA, Liu A, Ng CJ. Clusterin knockdown has effects on intracellular and secreted von Willebrand factor in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298133. [PMID: 38363768 PMCID: PMC10871512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Alterations in von Willebrand factor (VWF) have an important role in human health and disease. Deficiency of VWF is associated with symptoms of bleeding and excesses of VWF are associated with thrombotic outcomes. Understanding the mechanisms that drive VWF regulation can lead to a better understanding of modulation of VWF levels in humans. We identified clusterin (CLU) as a potential candidate regulator of VWF based on a single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis in control endothelial cells (ECs) and von Willebrand disease (VWD) endothelial colony-forming-cells (ECFCs). We found that patients with deficiencies of VWF (von Willebrand disease, VWD) had decreased CLU expression and ECs with low VWF expression also had low CLU expression. Based on these findings, we sought to evaluate the role of CLU in the regulation of VWF, specifically as it relates to VWD. As CLU is primarily thought to be a golgi protein involved in protein chaperoning, we hypothesized that knockdown of CLU would lead to decreases in VWF and alterations in Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs). We used both siRNA- and CRISPR-Cas9-based approaches to modulate CLU in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and evaluated VWF protein levels, VWF mRNA copy number, and WPB quantity and size. We demonstrated that siRNA-based knockdown of CLU resulted in decreases in VWF content in cellular lysates and supernatants, but no significant change in WPB quantity or size. A CRISPR-Cas9-based knockdown of CLU demonstrated similar findings of decreases in intracellular VWF content but no significant change in WPB quantity or size. Our data suggests that CLU knockdown is associated with decreases in cellular VWF content but does not affect VWF mRNA levels or WPB quantity or size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allaura A. Cox
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado–Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Alice Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Christopher J. Ng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado–Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
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2
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Seidizadeh O, Baronciani L, Pagliari MT, Cozzi G, Colpani P, Cairo A, Siboni SM, Biguzzi E, Peyvandi F. Phenotypic and genetic characterizations of the Milan cohort of von Willebrand disease type 2. Blood Adv 2022; 6:4031-4040. [PMID: 35452508 PMCID: PMC9278302 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
von Willebrand disease (VWD) type 2 is caused by qualitative abnormalities of von Willebrand factor (VWF). This study aimed to determine the genotypic and phenotypic characterizations of a large VWD type 2 cohort from Milan. We included 321 patients (54% female) within 148 unrelated families from 1995 to 2021. Patients were fully characterized using laboratory phenotypic tests, and the genotypic diagnosis was confirmed by target genetic analysis using Sanger sequencing. Patients were diagnosed with type 2A (n = 98; 48 families), 2B (n = 85; 38 families), 2M (n = 112; 50 families), or 2N (n = 26; 12 families). Eighty-two unique VWF variants, including 8 novel variants, were found. The potential pathogenic effect of novel variants was assessed by in silico analysis. Most patients were heterozygous for a single variant (n = 259; 81%), whereas 37 cases (11%) had 2 variants (4 homozygous, 9 in trans, and 24 in cis). Twenty-five patients (8%) had ≥3 variants, mainly as a result of gene conversions. Among the 82 distinct variants identified, 5 different types, including missense (n = 64), gene conversion (n = 10), synonymous (n = 1), deletion (n = 4), and splice (n = 3), were observed. The results from this large cohort showed that VWD type 2 is invariably due to variants that do not prevent the synthesis of the protein, and a vast majority of patients (88%) had missense variants. Given the complexity of type 2 diagnosis and the necessity of performing several phenotypic tests, genetic analysis for patients suspected of having type 2 is beneficial to establish the correct diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Seidizadeh
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Milan, Italy; and
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Milan, Italy
| | - Luciano Baronciani
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Maria Teresa Pagliari
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Giovanna Cozzi
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Paola Colpani
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Andrea Cairo
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Simona Maria Siboni
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Eugenia Biguzzi
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Flora Peyvandi
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Milan, Italy; and
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Milan, Italy
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3
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Ng CJ, Liu A, Venkataraman S, Ashworth KJ, Baker CD, O'Rourke R, Vibhakar R, Jones KL, Di Paola J. Single-cell transcriptional analysis of human endothelial colony-forming cells from patients with low VWF levels. Blood 2022; 139:2240-2251. [PMID: 35143643 PMCID: PMC8990376 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021010683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
von Willebrand factor (VWF) plays a key role in normal hemostasis, and deficiencies of VWF lead to clinically significant bleeding. We sought to identify novel modifiers of VWF levels in endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). ECFCs were isolated from patients with low VWF levels (plasma VWF antigen levels between 30 and 50 IU/dL) and from healthy controls. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were used as an additional control cell line. Cells were characterized for their Weibel Palade body (WPB) content and VWF release. scRNA-seq of all cell lines was performed to evaluate for gene expression heterogeneity and for candidate modifiers of VWF regulation. Candidate modifiers identified by scRNA-seq were further characterized with small-interfering RNA (siRNA) experiments to evaluate for effects on VWF. We observed that ECFCs derived from patients with low VWF demonstrated alterations in baseline WPB metrics and exhibit impaired VWF release. scRNA-seq analyses of these endothelial cells revealed overall decreased VWF transcription, mosaicism of VWF expression, and genes that are differentially expressed in low VWF ECFCs and control endothelial cells (control ECs). An siRNA screen of potential VWF modifiers provided further evidence of regulatory candidates, and 1 such candidate, FLI1, alters the transcriptional activity of VWF. In conclusion, ECFCs from individuals with low VWF demonstrate alterations in their baseline VWF packaging and release compared with control ECs. scRNA-seq revealed alterations in VWF transcription, and siRNA screening identified multiple candidate regulators of VWF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Ng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Alice Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Sujatha Venkataraman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Katrina J Ashworth
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO; and
| | - Christopher D Baker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Rebecca O'Rourke
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Rajeev Vibhakar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Kenneth L Jones
- Department of Cell Biology and
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Jorge Di Paola
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO; and
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4
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Baronciani L, Peake I, Schneppenheim R, Goodeve A, Ahmadinejad M, Badiee Z, Baghaipour MR, Benitez O, Bodó I, Budde U, Cairo A, Castaman G, Eshghi P, Goudemand J, Hassenpflug W, Hoorfar H, Karimi M, Keikhaei B, Lassila R, Leebeek FWG, Lopez Fernandez MF, Mannucci PM, Marino R, Nikšić N, Oyen F, Santoro C, Tiede A, Toogeh G, Tosetto A, Trossaert M, Zetterberg EMK, Eikenboom J, Federici AB, Peyvandi F. Genotypes of European and Iranian patients with type 3 von Willebrand disease enrolled in 3WINTERS-IPS. Blood Adv 2021; 5:2987-3001. [PMID: 34351388 PMCID: PMC8361454 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 3 von Willebrand disease (VWD3) is a rare and severe bleeding disorder characterized by often undetectable von Willebrand factor (VWF) plasma levels, a recessive inheritance pattern, and heterogeneous genotype. The objective of this study was to identify the VWF defects in 265 European and Iranian patients with VWD3 enrolled in 3WINTERS-IPS (Type 3 Von Willebrand International Registries Inhibitor Prospective Study). All analyses were performed in centralized laboratories. The VWF genotype was studied in 231 patients with available DNA (121 [115 families] from Europe [EU], and 110 [91 families] from Iran [IR]). Among 206 unrelated patients, 134 were homozygous (EU/IR = 57/77) and 50 were compound heterozygous (EU/IR = 43/7) for VWF variants. In 22 patients, no or only one variant was found. A total of 154 different VWF variants (EU/IR = 101/58 [5 shared]) were identified among the 379 affected alleles (EU/IR = 210/169), of which 48 (EU/IR = 18/30) were novel. The variants p.Arg1659*, p.Arg1853*, p.Arg2535*, p.Cys275Ser, and delEx1_Ex5 were found in both European and Iranian VWD3 patients. Sixty variants were identified only in a single allele (EU/IR = 50/10), whereas 18 were recurrent (≥3 patients) within 144 affected alleles. Nine large deletions and one large insertion were found. Although most variants predicted null alleles, 21% of patients carried at least 1 missense variant. VWD3 genotype was more heterogeneous in the European population than in the Iranian population, with nearly twice as many different variants. A higher number of novel variants were found in the Iranian VWD3 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Baronciani
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center and Fondazione Luigi Villa, Milan, Italy
| | - Ian Peake
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Reinhard Schneppenheim
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Centre, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Goodeve
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Minoo Ahmadinejad
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
- Pediatric Congenital Hematologic Disorders Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Zahra Badiee
- Hemophilia-Thalassemia Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashad, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | | | - Olga Benitez
- Hemophilia Unit, University Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Imre Bodó
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ulrich Budde
- Hemostaseology Medilys Laborgesellschaft mbH, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Cairo
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center and Fondazione Luigi Villa, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Castaman
- Center for Bleeding Disorders and Coagulation, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Peyman Eshghi
- Pediatric Congenital Hematologic Disorders Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Jenny Goudemand
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Haematology and Transfusion, Lille, France
| | - Wolf Hassenpflug
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Centre, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hamid Hoorfar
- Hemophilia Center, Esfahan University of Medical Science, Esfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mehran Karimi
- Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bijan Keikhaei
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Riitta Lassila
- Research Program Unit in Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Coagulation Disorders, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Frank W G Leebeek
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pier Mannuccio Mannucci
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center and Fondazione Luigi Villa, Milan, Italy
| | - Renato Marino
- Hemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, University Hospital Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Nikolas Nikšić
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Florian Oyen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Centre, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cristina Santoro
- Hematology, Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, University Hospital Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Andreas Tiede
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gholamreza Toogeh
- Thrombosis Hemostasis Research Center-Vali-Asr Hospital-Emam Khameini Complex Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Alberto Tosetto
- Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Hematology Department, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Marc Trossaert
- Centre Régional de Traitement de l'Hémophilie-Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Nantes, France
| | | | - Jeroen Eikenboom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Augusto B Federici
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, L. Sacco University Hospital, Department of Oncology and Oncohematology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Flora Peyvandi
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center and Fondazione Luigi Villa, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation and Università degli Studi di Milano and Milan and Italy
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5
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Yadegari H, Biswas A, Ahmed S, Naz A, Oldenburg J. von Willebrand factor propeptide missense variants affect anterograde transport to Golgi resulting in ER retention. Hum Mutat 2021; 42:731-744. [PMID: 33942438 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
von Willebrand disease (VWD), the most prevalent congenital bleeding disorder, arises from a deficiency in von Willebrand factor (VWF), which has crucial roles in hemostasis. The present study investigated functional consequences and underlying pathomolecular mechanisms of several VWF propeptide (VWFpp) missense variants detected in our cohort of VWD patients for the first time. Transient expression experiments in HEK293T cells demonstrated that four out of the six investigated missense variants (p.Gly55Glu, p.Val86Glu, p.Trp191Arg, and p.Cys608Trp) severely impaired secretion. Their cotransfections with the wild-type partly corrected VWF secretion, displaying loss of large/intermediate multimers. Immunostaining of the transfected HEK293 cells illustrated the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention of the VWF variants. Docking of the COP I and COP II cargo recruitment proteins, ADP-ribosylation factor 1 and Sec24, onto the N-terminal VWF model (D1D2D'D3) revealed that these variants occur at VWFpp putative interfaces, which can hinder VWF loading at the ER exit quality control. Furthermore, quantitative and automated morphometric exploration of the three-dimensional immunofluorescence images showed changes in the number/size of the VWF storage organelles, Weibel-Palade body (WPB)-like vesicles. The result of this study highlighted the significance of the VWFpp variants on anterograde ER-Golgi trafficking of VWF as well as the biogenesis of WPB-like vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Yadegari
- Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Clinics Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Arijit Biswas
- Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Clinics Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shariq Ahmed
- National Institute of Blood Disease & Bone Marrow Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Arshi Naz
- National Institute of Blood Disease & Bone Marrow Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Johannes Oldenburg
- Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Clinics Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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6
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Liu L, Ma Z, Zhou X, Yin J, Lu J, Su J, Shen F, Xie L, Hu S, Ling J. Tryptophan 387 and 390 residues in ADAMTS13 are crucial to the ability of vascular tube formation and cell migration of endothelial cells. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:1402-1409. [PMID: 32222985 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 13 (ADAMTS13) was mainly generated and secreted from endothelial cells (ECs). Our previous study showed that tryptophan (Trp) residues at 387 and 390 in ADAMTS13 are required for its secretion and enzymatic activity. However, the effects on its host cell as well as the potential mechanism have not been clear. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of Trp residues 387 and 390 of ADAMTS13 on the biological processes of ECs. Herein, Trp was substituted with alanine in ADAMTS13 to generate ADAMTS13 mutants at 387 (W387A), 390 (W390A), and double mutants at 387 and 390 (2WA), respectively. We found that substitution mutation impaired vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion and the downstream JAK1/STAT3 activation, the binding ability to Von Willebrand factor, cell proliferation, migration, and vascular tube formation. Overall, our study concluded that Trp387 and Trp390 of ADAMTS13 play vital roles in the biological function of ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical Research Center of Jiangsu Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhenni Ma
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Zhou
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Su
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fei Shen
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liqian Xie
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shaoyan Hu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing Ling
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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7
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Bortot M, Ashworth K, Sharifi A, Walker F, Crawford NC, Neeves KB, Bark D, Di Paola J. Turbulent Flow Promotes Cleavage of VWF (von Willebrand Factor) by ADAMTS13 (A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase With a Thrombospondin Type-1 Motif, Member 13). Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1831-1842. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective—
Acquired von Willebrand syndrome is defined by excessive cleavage of the VWF (von Willebrand Factor) and is associated with impaired primary hemostasis and severe bleeding. It often develops when blood is exposed to nonphysiological flow such as in aortic stenosis or mechanical circulatory support. We evaluated the role of laminar, transitional, and turbulent flow on VWF cleavage and the effects on VWF function.
Approach and Results—
We used a vane rheometer to generate laminar, transitional, and turbulent flow and evaluate the effect of each on VWF cleavage in the presence of ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type-1 motif, member 13). We performed functional assays to evaluate the effect of these flows on VWF structure and function. Computational fluid dynamics was used to estimate the flow fields and forces within the vane rheometer under each flow condition. Turbulent flow is required for excessive cleavage of VWF in an ADAMTS13-dependent manner. The assay was repeated with whole blood, and the turbulent flow had the same effect. Our computational fluid dynamics results show that under turbulent conditions, the Kolmogorov scale approaches the size of VWF. Finally, cleavage of VWF in this study has functional consequences under flow as the resulting VWF has decreased ability to bind platelets and collagen.
Conclusions—
Turbulent flow mediates VWF cleavage in the presence of ADAMTS13, decreasing the ability of VWF to sustain platelet adhesion. These findings impact the design of mechanical circulatory support devices and are relevant to pathological environments where turbulence is added to circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bortot
- From the Department of Pediatrics (M.B., K.A., F.W., K.B.N., D.B., J.D.P.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
- Department of Bioengineering (M.B., K.B.N.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Katrina Ashworth
- From the Department of Pediatrics (M.B., K.A., F.W., K.B.N., D.B., J.D.P.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Alireza Sharifi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering (A.S., D.B.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins
| | - Faye Walker
- From the Department of Pediatrics (M.B., K.A., F.W., K.B.N., D.B., J.D.P.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Nathan C. Crawford
- Department of Material Characterization, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Madison, WI (N.C.C.)
| | - Keith B. Neeves
- From the Department of Pediatrics (M.B., K.A., F.W., K.B.N., D.B., J.D.P.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
- Department of Bioengineering (M.B., K.B.N.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - David Bark
- From the Department of Pediatrics (M.B., K.A., F.W., K.B.N., D.B., J.D.P.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
- Department of Mechanical Engineering (A.S., D.B.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins
- School of Biomedical Engineering (D.B.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins
| | - Jorge Di Paola
- From the Department of Pediatrics (M.B., K.A., F.W., K.B.N., D.B., J.D.P.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
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8
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Advancing multimer analysis of von Willebrand factor by single-molecule AFM imaging. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210963. [PMID: 30645640 PMCID: PMC6333368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of hemostatic plugs at sites of vascular injury crucially involves the multimeric glycoprotein von Willebrand factor (VWF). VWF multimers are linear chains of N-terminally linked dimers. The latter are formed from monomers via formation of the C-terminal disulfide bonds Cys2771-Cys2773', Cys2773-Cys2771', and Cys2811-Cys2811'. Mutations in VWF that impair multimerization can lead to subtype 2A of the bleeding disorder von Willebrand Disease (VWD). Commonly, the multimer size distribution of VWF is assessed by electrophoretic multimer analysis. Here, we present atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging as a method to determine the size distribution of VWF variants by direct visualization at the single-molecule level. We first validated our approach by investigating recombinant wildtype VWF and a previously studied mutant (p.Cys1099Tyr) that impairs N-terminal multimerization. We obtained excellent quantitative agreement with results from earlier studies and with electrophoretic multimer analysis. We then imaged specific mutants that are known to exhibit disturbed C-terminal dimerization. For the mutants p.Cys2771Arg and p.Cys2773Arg, we found the majority of monomers (87 ± 5% and 73 ± 4%, respectively) not to be C-terminally dimerized. While these results confirm that Cys2771 and Cys2773 are crucial for dimerization, they additionally provide quantitative information on the mutants' different abilities to form alternative C-terminal disulfides for residual dimerization. We further mutated Cys2811 to Ala and found that only 23 ± 3% of monomers are not C-terminally dimerized, indicating that Cys2811 is structurally less important for dimerization. Furthermore, for mutants p.Cys2771Arg, p.Cys2773Arg, and p.Cys2811Ala we found 'even-numbered' non-native multimers, i.e. multimers with monomers attached on both termini; a multimer species that cannot be distinguished from native multimers by conventional multimer analysis. Summarizing, we demonstrate that AFM imaging can provide unique insights into VWF processing defects at the single-molecule level that cannot be gained from established methods of multimer analysis.
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Ng CJ, McCrae KR, Ashworth K, Sosa LJ, Betapudi V, Manco‐Johnson MJ, Liu A, Dong J, Chung D, White‐Adams TC, López JA, Di Paola J. Effects of anti-β2GPI antibodies on VWF release from human umbilical vein endothelial cells and ADAMTS13 activity. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2018; 2:380-389. [PMID: 30046742 PMCID: PMC5974922 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized by recurrent thromboembolic events in the setting of pathologic autoantibodies, some of which are directed to β2-Glycoprotein 1 (β2GPI). The mechanisms of thrombosis in APS appear to be multifactorial and likely include a component of endothelial activation. Among other things, activated endothelium secretes von Willebrand factor, a hemostatic protein that in excess can increase the risk of thrombosis. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that anti-β2GPI antibodies could regulate the release and modulation of VWF from endothelial cells. PATIENTS/METHODS Isolated anti-β2GPI antibodies from patients with APS were assayed for their ability to induced VWF release from HUVECs and modulate the effects of ADAMTS13 in a shear-dependent assay. RESULTS We observed that anti-β2GPI antibodies from some patients with APS induced VWF release from human endothelial cells but did not induce formation of cell-anchored VWF-platelet strings. Finally, we also determined that one of the Anti-β2GPI antibodies tested can inhibit the function of ADAMTS13, the main modulator of extracellular VWF. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that VWF and ADAMTS13 may play a role in the prothrombotic phenotype of APS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Ng
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado and Children's Hospital ColoradoAuroraCOUSA
| | - Keith R. McCrae
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineLerner Research InstituteClevelandOHUSA
- Taussig Cancer InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA
| | - Katrina Ashworth
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado and Children's Hospital ColoradoAuroraCOUSA
| | - Lucas J. Sosa
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado and Children's Hospital ColoradoAuroraCOUSA
| | | | | | - Alice Liu
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado and Children's Hospital ColoradoAuroraCOUSA
| | - Jing‐Fei Dong
- Bloodworks Research Institute‐Puget SoundSeattleWAUSA
| | - Dominic Chung
- Bloodworks Research Institute‐Puget SoundSeattleWAUSA
| | - Tara C. White‐Adams
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado and Children's Hospital ColoradoAuroraCOUSA
| | - José A. López
- Bloodworks Research Institute‐Puget SoundSeattleWAUSA
| | - Jorge Di Paola
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado and Children's Hospital ColoradoAuroraCOUSA
- Human Medical Genetics and GenomicsUniversity of Colorado DenverAuroraCOUSA
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10
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Lehmann M, Ashworth K, Manco-Johnson M, Di Paola J, Neeves KB, Ng CJ. Evaluation of a microfluidic flow assay to screen for von Willebrand disease and low von Willebrand factor levels. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:104-115. [PMID: 29064615 PMCID: PMC5794217 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Essentials von Willebrand factor (VWF) function is shear stress dependent. Platelet accumulation in a microfluidic assay correlates with VWF levels. The microfluidic assay discriminates type 1 von Willebrand disease from healthy controls. The microfluidic flow assay detects responses to therapeutic intervention (DDAVP). SUMMARY Background von Willebrand disease (VWD) is a mucocutaneous bleeding disorder with a reported prevalence of 1 in 10 000. von Willebrand factor (VWF) function and platelet adhesion are regulated by hemodynamic forces that are not integrated into most current clinical assays. Objective We evaluated whether a custom microfluidic flow assay (MFA) can screen for deficiencies in VWF in patients presenting with mucocutaneous bleeding. Methods Whole blood from individuals with mucocutaneous bleeding was assayed in a custom MFA. Results Thirty-two patients with type 1 VWD (10/32) or reported mucocutaneous bleeding were enrolled. The platelet adhesion velocity (r = 0.5978 for 750 s-1 and 0.6895 for 1500 s-1 ) and the maximum platelet surface area coverage (r = 0.5719 for 750 s-1 and 0.6633 for 1500 s-1 ) in the MFA correlated with VWF levels. Furthermore, the platelet adhesion velocity at 750 s-1 (type 1 VWD, mean 0.0009761, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.0003404-0.001612; control, mean 0.003587, 95% CI 0.002455-0.004719) and at 1500 s-1 (type 1 VWD, mean 0.0003585, 95% CI 0.00003914-0.0006778; control, mean 0.003132, 95% CI 0.001565-0.004699) differentiated type 1 VWD from controls. Maximum platelet surface area coverage at 750 s-1 (type 1 VWD, mean 0.1831, 95% CI 0.03816-0.3281; control, mean 0.6755, 95% CI 0.471-0.88) and at 1500 s-1 (type 1 VWD, mean 0.07873, 95% CI 0.01689-0.1406; control, mean 0.6432, 95% CI 0.3607-0.9257) also differentiated type 1 VWD from controls. We also observed an improvement in platelet accumulation after 1-desamino-8-d-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) treatment at 1500 s-1 (pre-DDAVP, mean 0.4784, 95% CI 0.1777-0.7791; post-DDAVP, mean 0.8444, 95% CI 0.7162-0.9726). Conclusions These data suggest that this approach can be used as a screening tool for VWD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Lehmann
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Marilyn Manco-Johnson
- Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jorge Di Paola
- Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
- Human Medical Genetics and Genomics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Keith B. Neeves
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
- Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Christopher J. Ng
- Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
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11
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de Jong A, Eikenboom J. Von Willebrand disease mutation spectrum and associated mutation mechanisms. Thromb Res 2017; 159:65-75. [PMID: 28987708 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2017.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Von Willebrand disease (VWD) is a bleeding disorder that is mainly caused by mutations in the multimeric protein von Willebrand factor (VWF). These mutations may lead to deficiencies in plasma VWF or dysfunctional VWF. VWF is a heterogeneous protein and over the past three decades, hundreds of VWF mutations have been identified. In this review we have organized all reported mutations, spanning a timeline from the late eighties until early 2017. This resulted in an overview of 750 unique mutations that are divided over the VWD types 1, 2A, 2B, 2M, 2N and 3. For many of these mutations the disease-causing effects have been characterized in vitro through expression studies, ex vivo by analysis of patient-derived endothelial cells, as well as in animal or (bio)physical models. Here we describe the mechanisms associated with the VWF mutations per VWD type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika de Jong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Eikenboom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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12
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Swystun LL, Georgescu I, Mewburn J, Deforest M, Nesbitt K, Hebert K, Dwyer C, Brown C, Notley C, Lillicrap D. Abnormal von Willebrand factor secretion, factor VIII stabilization and thrombus dynamics in type 2N von Willebrand disease mice. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:1607-1619. [PMID: 28581694 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Type 2N von Willebrand disease involves impaired von Willebrand factor to factor VIII binding. Type 2N von Willebrand disease mutations exhibit qualitative and mild quantitative deficiencies. Type 2N von Willebrand disease mice exhibit unstable venous hemostatic thrombi. The factor VIII-binding ability of von Willebrand factor regulates arteriole thrombosis dynamics. SUMMARY Background von Willebrand factor (VWF) and factor VIII (FVIII) circulate as a non-covalent complex, with VWF serving as the carrier for FVIII. VWF indirectly influences secondary hemostasis by stabilizing FVIII and transporting it to the site of primary hemostasis. Type 2N von Willebrand disease involves impaired binding of VWF to FVIII, resulting in decreased plasma levels of FVIII. Objectives In these studies, we characterize the impact of three type 2N VWD variants (R763A, R854Q, R816W) on VWF secretion, FVIII stabilization and thrombus formation in a murine model. Methods Type 2N VWD mice were generated by hydrodynamic injections of mutant murine VWF cDNAs and the influence of these variants on VWF secretion and FVIII binding was evaluated. In vivo hemostasis and the dynamics of thrombus formation and embolization were assessed using a murine tail vein transection hemostasis model and an intravital thrombosis model in the cremaster arterioles. Results Type 2N VWD variants were associated with decreased VWF secretion using cell and animal-based models. FVIII-binding to type 2N variants was impaired in vitro and was variably stabilized in vivo by expressed or infused 2N variant VWF protein. Both transgenic type 2N VWD and FVIII knockout (KO) mice demonstrated impaired thrombus formation associated with decreased thrombus stability. Conclusions The type 2N VWD phenotype can be recapitulated in a murine model and is associated with both quantitative and qualitative VWF deficiencies and impaired thrombus formation. Patients with type 2N VWD may have normal primary hemostasis formation but decreased thrombus stability related to ineffective secondary hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Swystun
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - I Georgescu
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - J Mewburn
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - M Deforest
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - K Nesbitt
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - K Hebert
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - C Dwyer
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - C Brown
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - C Notley
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - D Lillicrap
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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