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Shi Y, Kang Q, Zhou H, Yue X, Bi Y, Luo Q. Aberrant LETM1 elevation dysregulates mitochondrial functions and energy metabolism and promotes lung metastasis in osteosarcoma. Genes Dis 2024; 11:100988. [PMID: 38292199 PMCID: PMC10825238 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a differentiation-deficient disease, and despite the unique advantages and great potential of differentiation therapy, there are only a few known differentiation inducers, and little research has been done on their targets. Cell differentiation is associated with an increase in mitochondrial content and activity. The metabolism of some tumor cells is characterized by impaired oxidative phosphorylation, as well as up-regulation of aerobic glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathways. Leucine-containing zipper and EF-hand transmembrane protein 1 (LETM1) is involved in the maintenance of mitochondrial morphology and is closely associated with tumorigenesis and progression, as well as cancer cell stemness. We found that MG63 and 143B osteosarcoma cells overexpress LETM1 and exhibit abnormalities in mitochondrial structure and function. Knockdown of LETM1 partially restored the mitochondrial structure and function, inhibited the pentose phosphate pathway, promoted oxidative phosphorylation, and led to osteogenic differentiation. It also inhibited spheroid cell formation, proliferation, migration, and invasion in an in vitro model. When LETM1 was knocked down in vivo, there was reduced tumor formation and lung metastasis. These data suggest that mitochondria are aberrant in LETM1-overexpressing osteosarcoma cells, and knockdown of LETM1 partially restores the mitochondrial structure and function, inhibits the pentose phosphate pathway, promotes oxidative phosphorylation, and increases osteogenic differentiation, thereby reducing malignant biological behavior of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulu Shi
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, The Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Quan Kang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, The Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Xiaohan Yue
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, The Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Yang Bi
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, The Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Qing Luo
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, The Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
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2
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Ma Y, Jin J, Xue Z, Zhao J, Cai W, Zhang W. Integrated multi-omics analysis and machine learning developed a prognostic model based on mitochondrial function in a large multicenter cohort for Gastric Cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 22:381. [PMID: 38654380 PMCID: PMC11040813 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05109-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is a common and aggressive type of cancer worldwide. Despite recent advancements in its treatment, the prognosis for patients with GC remains poor. Understanding the mechanisms of cell death in GC, particularly those related to mitochondrial function, is crucial for its development and progression. However, more research is needed to investigate the significance of the interaction between mitochondrial function and GC cell death. METHODS We employed a robust computational framework to investigate the role of mitochondria-associated proteins in the progression of GC in a cohort of 1,199 GC patients. Ten machine learning algorithms were utilized and combined into 101 unique combinations. Ultimately, we developed a Mitochondrial-related-Score (MitoScore) using the machine learning model that exhibited the best performance. We observed the upregulation of LEMT2 and further explored its function in tumor progression. Mitochondrial functions were assessed by measuring mitochondrial ATP, mitochondrial membrane potential, and levels of lactate, pyruvate, and glucose. RESULTS MitoScore showed significant correlations with GC immune and metabolic functions. The higher MitoScore subgroup exhibited enriched metabolic pathways and higher immune activity. Overexpression of LETM2 (leucine zipper and EF-hand containing transmembrane protein 2) significantly enhanced tumor proliferation and metastasis. LETM2 plays a role in promoting GC cell proliferation by activating the mTOR pathway, maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis, and promoting glycolysis. CONCLUSION The powerful machine learning framework highlights the significant potential of MitoScore in providing valuable insights and accurate assessments for individuals with GC. This study also enhances our understanding of LETM2 as an oncogene signature in GC. LETM2 may promote tumor progression by maintaining mitochondrial health and activating glycolysis, offering potential targets for diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Jin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Collaborative Innovation Center of Gastrointestinal Cancer in Basic Research and Precision Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer-Related Pathogens and Immunity, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zixuan Xue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jungang Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, 322000, China
| | - Weiyang Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Wanli Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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3
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Lu L, Qi Z, Chen Z, Wang H, Wei X, Zhao B, Wang Z, Shao Y, Tu J, Song X. Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli T6SS effector protein Hcp2a causes mitochondrial dysfunction through interaction with LETM1 protein in DF-1 cells. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103514. [PMID: 38367471 PMCID: PMC10879833 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The type VI secretion system (T6SS) of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) can affect the functions of eukaryotic cells by secreting or injecting effectors. Hemolysin co-regulatory protein (Hcp), one of the markers of the T6SS, is both a structural protein and an effector protein of the T6SS. According to previous studies, mitochondria in eukaryotic cells are targeted by pathogenic bacteria. However, little is known about the regulation of mitochondria in eukaryotic host cells by the T6SS effector protein Hcp of APEC. In our study, DF-1 cells co-incubated with Hcp2a protein for 6 h showed decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, increased Ca2+ concentration, and increased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. We therefore conclude that Hcp2a protein causes dysfunction to mitochondria in DF-1 cells. To explain the mechanism that causes mitochondrial dysfunction, we reanalyzed the Hcp2a interaction protein dataset in DF-1 cells, and the Leucine zipper EF-hand-containing transmembrane protein 1 (LETM1), which is associated with mitochondria, was screened. The protein and molecular docking results showed that Hcp2a protein and LETM1 protein have better binding. Finally, subcellular localization results showed that Hcp2a was localized to mitochondria. In summary, Hcp2a effector proteins caused dysfunction to DF-1 cellular mitochondria, and we hypothesize that the interaction of Hcp2a protein with LETM1 protein induces mitochondrial dysfunction and promotes mitochondrial localization of Hcp2a in DF-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Lu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Zhao Qi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Xiyang Wei
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Bingyu Zhao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Ying Shao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Jian Tu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China; Joint Research Center for Food Nutrition and Health of IHM, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Xiangjun Song
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China; Joint Research Center for Food Nutrition and Health of IHM, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China.
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4
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Moromizato R, Fukuda K, Suzuki S, Motomura T, Nagasato C, Hirakawa Y. Pyrenoid proteomics reveals independent evolution of the CO 2-concentrating organelle in chlorarachniophytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318542121. [PMID: 38408230 PMCID: PMC10927497 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318542121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyrenoids are microcompartments that are universally found in the photosynthetic plastids of various eukaryotic algae. They contain ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and play a pivotal role in facilitating CO2 assimilation via CO2-concentrating mechanisms (CCMs). Recent investigations involving model algae have revealed that pyrenoid-associated proteins participate in pyrenoid biogenesis and CCMs. However, these organisms represent only a small part of algal lineages, which limits our comprehensive understanding of the diversity and evolution of pyrenoid-based CCMs. Here we report a pyrenoid proteome of the chlorarachniophyte alga Amorphochlora amoebiformis, which possesses complex plastids acquired through secondary endosymbiosis with green algae. Proteomic analysis using mass spectrometry resulted in the identification of 154 potential pyrenoid components. Subsequent localization experiments demonstrated the specific targeting of eight proteins to pyrenoids. These included a putative Rubisco-binding linker, carbonic anhydrase, membrane transporter, and uncharacterized GTPase proteins. Notably, most of these proteins were unique to this algal lineage. We suggest a plausible scenario in which pyrenoids in chlorarachniophytes have evolved independently, as their components are not inherited from green algal pyrenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena Moromizato
- Degree Programs in Life and Earth Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba305-8572, Japan
| | - Kodai Fukuda
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba305-8572, Japan
| | - Shigekatsu Suzuki
- Biodiversity Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba305-8506, Japan
| | - Taizo Motomura
- Muroran Marine Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Muroran051-0013, Japan
| | - Chikako Nagasato
- Muroran Marine Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Muroran051-0013, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Hirakawa
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba305-8572, Japan
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5
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Pain P, Spinelli F, Gherardi G. Mitochondrial Cation Signalling in the Control of Inflammatory Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16724. [PMID: 38069047 PMCID: PMC10706693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the bioenergetic organelles responsible for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and have also been found to be associated with inflammation. They are necessary to induce and maintain innate and adaptive immune cell responses, acting as signalling platforms and mediators in effector responses. These organelles are also known to play a pivotal role in cation homeostasis as well, which regulates the inflammatory responses through the modulation of these cation channels. In particular, this review focuses on mitochondrial Ca2+ and K+ fluxes in the regulation of inflammatory response. Nevertheless, this review aims to understand the interplay of these inflammation inducers and pathophysiological conditions. In detail, we discuss some examples of chronic inflammation such as lung, bowel, and metabolic inflammatory diseases caused by a persistent activation of the innate immune response due to a dysregulation of mitochondrial cation homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gaia Gherardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (P.P.); (F.S.)
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6
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Dridi H, Santulli G, Bahlouli L, Miotto MC, Weninger G, Marks AR. Mitochondrial Calcium Overload Plays a Causal Role in Oxidative Stress in the Failing Heart. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1409. [PMID: 37759809 PMCID: PMC10527470 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a serious global health challenge, affecting more than 6.2 million people in the United States and is projected to reach over 8 million by 2030. Independent of etiology, failing hearts share common features, including defective calcium (Ca2+) handling, mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, and oxidative stress. In cardiomyocytes, Ca2+ not only regulates excitation-contraction coupling, but also mitochondrial metabolism and oxidative stress signaling, thereby controlling the function and actual destiny of the cell. Understanding the mechanisms of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and the molecular pathways involved in the regulation of increased mitochondrial Ca2+ influx is an ongoing challenge in order to identify novel therapeutic targets to alleviate the burden of heart failure. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms underlying altered mitochondrial Ca2+ handling in heart failure and the potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haikel Dridi
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; (L.B.); (M.C.M.); (G.W.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Laith Bahlouli
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; (L.B.); (M.C.M.); (G.W.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Marco C. Miotto
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; (L.B.); (M.C.M.); (G.W.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Gunnar Weninger
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; (L.B.); (M.C.M.); (G.W.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Andrew R. Marks
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; (L.B.); (M.C.M.); (G.W.); (A.R.M.)
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7
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Popoiu TA, Maack C, Bertero E. Mitochondrial calcium signaling and redox homeostasis in cardiac health and disease. FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2023; 3:1235188. [PMID: 39086688 PMCID: PMC11285591 DOI: 10.3389/fmmed.2023.1235188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The energy demand of cardiomyocytes changes continuously in response to variations in cardiac workload. Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling is fueled primarily by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production by oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. The rate of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism is matched to the rate of ATP consumption in the cytosol by the parallel activation of oxidative phosphorylation by calcium (Ca2+) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). During cardiac workload transitions, Ca2+ accumulates in the mitochondrial matrix, where it stimulates the activity of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. In this review, we describe how mitochondria internalize and extrude Ca2+, the relevance of this process for ATP production and redox homeostasis in the healthy heart, and how derangements in ion handling cause mitochondrial and cardiomyocyte dysfunction in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tudor-Alexandru Popoiu
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Christoph Maack
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Edoardo Bertero
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Chair of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
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8
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Kadam A, Jadiya P, Tomar D. Post-translational modifications and protein quality control of mitochondrial channels and transporters. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1196466. [PMID: 37601094 PMCID: PMC10434574 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1196466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a critical role in energy metabolism and signal transduction, which is tightly regulated by proteins, metabolites, and ion fluxes. Metabolites and ion homeostasis are mainly mediated by channels and transporters present on mitochondrial membranes. Mitochondria comprise two distinct compartments, the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) and the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), which have differing permeabilities to ions and metabolites. The OMM is semipermeable due to the presence of non-selective molecular pores, while the IMM is highly selective and impermeable due to the presence of specialized channels and transporters which regulate ion and metabolite fluxes. These channels and transporters are modulated by various post-translational modifications (PTMs), including phosphorylation, oxidative modifications, ions, and metabolites binding, glycosylation, acetylation, and others. Additionally, the mitochondrial protein quality control (MPQC) system plays a crucial role in ensuring efficient molecular flux through the mitochondrial membranes by selectively removing mistargeted or defective proteins. Inefficient functioning of the transporters and channels in mitochondria can disrupt cellular homeostasis, leading to the onset of various pathological conditions. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of mitochondrial channels and transporters in terms of their functions, PTMs, and quality control mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlesha Kadam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Pooja Jadiya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Dhanendra Tomar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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9
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Li C, Sun J, Zhang X, Zhou M, Gan X. Implications of MCU complex in metabolic diseases. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23046. [PMID: 37389546 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300218r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases are considered the primary culprit for physical and mental health of individuals. Although the diagnosis of these diseases is relatively easy, more effective and convenient potent drugs are still being explored. Ca2+ across the inner mitochondrial membrane is a vital intracellular messenger that regulates energy metabolism and cellular Ca2+ homeostasis and is involved in cell death. Mitochondria rely on a selective mitochondrial Ca2+ unidirectional transport complex (MCU complex) in their inner membrane for Ca2+ uptake. We found that the channel contains several subunits and undergoes dramatic transformations in various pathological processes, especially in metabolic diseases. In this way, we believe that the MCU complex becomes a target with significant potential for these diseases. However, there is no review linking the two factors, thus hindering the possibility of new drug production. Here, we highlight the connection between MCU complex-related Ca2+ transport and the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases, adding understanding and insight at the molecular level to provide new insights for targeting MCU to reverse metabolism-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xidan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueqi Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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10
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Austin S, Mekis R, Mohammed SEM, Scalise M, Wang W, Galluccio M, Pfeiffer C, Borovec T, Parapatics K, Vitko D, Dinhopl N, Demaurex N, Bennett KL, Indiveri C, Nowikovsky K. TMBIM5 is the Ca 2+ /H + antiporter of mammalian mitochondria. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e54978. [PMID: 36321428 PMCID: PMC9724676 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202254978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial Ca2+ ions are crucial regulators of bioenergetics and cell death pathways. Mitochondrial Ca2+ content and cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis strictly depend on Ca2+ transporters. In recent decades, the major players responsible for mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and release have been identified, except the mitochondrial Ca2+ /H+ exchanger (CHE). Originally identified as the mitochondrial K+ /H+ exchanger, LETM1 was also considered as a candidate for the mitochondrial CHE. Defining the mitochondrial interactome of LETM1, we identify TMBIM5/MICS1, the only mitochondrial member of the TMBIM family, and validate the physical interaction of TMBIM5 and LETM1. Cell-based and cell-free biochemical assays demonstrate the absence or greatly reduced Na+ -independent mitochondrial Ca2+ release in TMBIM5 knockout or pH-sensing site mutants, respectively, and pH-dependent Ca2+ transport by recombinant TMBIM5. Taken together, we demonstrate that TMBIM5, but not LETM1, is the long-sought mitochondrial CHE, involved in setting and regulating the mitochondrial proton gradient. This finding provides the final piece of the puzzle of mitochondrial Ca2+ transporters and opens the door to exploring its importance in health and disease, and to developing drugs modulating Ca2+ exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Austin
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Comprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Present address:
Department of Biological & Chemical SciencesThe University of the West Indies, Cave Hill CampusCave HillBarbados
| | - Ronald Mekis
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Comprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Sami E M Mohammed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Mariafrancesca Scalise
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular BiotechnologyUniversity of CalabriaArcavacata di RendeItaly
| | - Wen‐An Wang
- Department of Cell Physiology & MetabolismUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Michele Galluccio
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular BiotechnologyUniversity of CalabriaArcavacata di RendeItaly
| | - Christina Pfeiffer
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Comprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Tamara Borovec
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Comprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Katja Parapatics
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Dijana Vitko
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Nora Dinhopl
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of PathologyUniversity of Veterinary MedicineViennaAustria
| | - Nicolas Demaurex
- Department of Cell Physiology & MetabolismUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Keiryn L Bennett
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular BiotechnologyUniversity of CalabriaArcavacata di RendeItaly
- CNR Institute of BiomembranesBioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM)BariItaly
| | - Karin Nowikovsky
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Comprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
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Zhou S, Zhong Z, Lu Y, Li Y, Yao H, Zhao Y, Guo T, Yang K, Li Y, Chen S, Huang K, Lian G. A LETM2-Regulated PI3K-Akt Signaling Axis Reveals a Prognostic and Therapeutic Target in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194722. [PMID: 36230646 PMCID: PMC9564284 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary LEMT2 was a newly discovered protein-encoding gene with little cancer research and an unclear mechanism. This study aimed to illustrate LETM2 as the crucial oncogene for tumor progression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We analyzed the expression level and prognostic value of LETM2 in multiple cancers using pan-cancer analysis and found that the LETM2 expression was the most significantly related to the dismal prognosis of PDAC. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that high LETM2 expression was correlated with poor outcomes of PDAC. In in vitro and in vivo experiments, LETM2 knockdown significantly inhibited tumor proliferation and metastasis, while LETM2 overexpression exerted the opposite effects. Then, we suggested that LETM2 may facilitate tumor progression by activating downstream PI3K-Akt signaling pathway in PDAC. In conclusion, the study enhanced our understanding of the LETM2-regulated PI3K-Akt signaling axis served as a prognostic and therapeutic target of pancreatic cancer. Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the highest mortalities malignant tumors, which is characterized by difficult diagnosis, rapid progression and high recurrence rate. Nevertheless, PDAC responds poorly to conventional therapies, which highlights the urgency to identify novel prognostic and therapeutic targets. LEMT2 was a newly discovered protein-encoding gene with little cancer research and an unclear mechanism. Thus, this study aimed to illustrate LETM2 as the crucial oncogene for tumor progression in PDAC. In this study, we analyzed the expression level and prognostic value of LETM2 in multiple cancers using pan-cancer analysis. The analyses based on the TCGA-GTEx dataset indicated that the LETM2 expression was obviously elevated in several cancers, and it was the most significantly related to the dismal prognosis of PDAC. Subsequently, we demonstrated the functional role and mechanism of LETM2 by clinical sample evaluation, and in in vitro and in vivo experiments. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that high expression of LETM2 was correlated with poor outcomes of PDAC. Moreover, we demonstrated that LETM2 knockdown significantly inhibited tumor proliferation and metastasis, and promoted cell apoptosis, while LETM2 overexpression exerted the opposite effects. Finally, the impairment caused by LETM2-knockdown could be recovered via excitation of the PI3k-Akt pathway in vitro and in vivo animal models, which suggested that LETM2 could activate the downstream PI3K-Akt pathway to participate in PDAC progression. In conclusion, the study enhanced our understanding of LETM2 as an oncogene hallmark of PDAC. LETM2 may facilitate tumor progression by activating the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, which provides potential targets for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shurui Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Ziyi Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yanzong Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, No.903 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Yunlong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Hanming Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Tairan Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Kege Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yaqing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Shaojie Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Kaihong Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Correspondence: (K.H.); (G.L.)
| | - Guoda Lian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Correspondence: (K.H.); (G.L.)
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12
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Dao P, Hajny S, Mekis R, Orel L, Dinhopl N, Tessmar-Raible K, Nowikovsky K. The cation exchanger Letm1, circadian rhythms, and NAD(H) levels interconnect in diurnal zebrafish. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:e202101194. [PMID: 35697381 PMCID: PMC9191620 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are fundamental for life and require balanced ion exchange to maintain proper functioning. The mitochondrial cation exchanger LETM1 sparks interest because of its pathophysiological role in seizures in the Wolf Hirschhorn Syndrome (WHS). Despite observation of sleep disorganization in epileptic WHS patients, and growing studies linking mitochondria and epilepsy to circadian rhythms, LETM1 has not been studied from the chronobiological perspective. Here we established a viable letm1 knock-out, using the diurnal vertebrate Danio rerio to study the metabolic and chronobiological consequences of letm1 deficiency. We report diurnal rhythms of Letm1 protein levels in wild-type fish. We show that mitochondrial nucleotide metabolism is deregulated in letm1-/- mutant fish, the rate-limiting enzyme of NAD+ production is up-regulated, while NAD+ and NADH pools are reduced. These changes were associated with increased expression amplitude of circadian core clock genes in letm1-/- compared with wild-type under light/dark conditions, suggesting decreased NAD(H) levels as a possible mechanism for circadian system perturbation in Letm1 deficiency. Replenishing NAD pool may ameliorate WHS-associated sleep and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Dao
- Max F Perutz Laboratories, Research Platform Rhythms of Life, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Hajny
- Max F Perutz Laboratories, Research Platform Rhythms of Life, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ronald Mekis
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Orel
- Max F Perutz Laboratories, Research Platform Rhythms of Life, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nora Dinhopl
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristin Tessmar-Raible
- Max F Perutz Laboratories, Research Platform Rhythms of Life, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Nowikovsky
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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13
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Kaiyrzhanov R, Mohammed SEM, Maroofian R, Husain RA, Catania A, Torraco A, Alahmad A, Dutra-Clarke M, Grønborg S, Sudarsanam A, Vogt J, Arrigoni F, Baptista J, Haider S, Feichtinger RG, Bernardi P, Zulian A, Gusic M, Efthymiou S, Bai R, Bibi F, Horga A, Martinez-Agosto JA, Lam A, Manole A, Rodriguez DP, Durigon R, Pyle A, Albash B, Dionisi-Vici C, Murphy D, Martinelli D, Bugiardini E, Allis K, Lamperti C, Reipert S, Risom L, Laugwitz L, Di Nottia M, McFarland R, Vilarinho L, Hanna M, Prokisch H, Mayr JA, Bertini ES, Ghezzi D, Østergaard E, Wortmann SB, Carrozzo R, Haack TB, Taylor RW, Spinazzola A, Nowikovsky K, Houlden H. Bi-allelic LETM1 variants perturb mitochondrial ion homeostasis leading to a clinical spectrum with predominant nervous system involvement. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:1692-1712. [PMID: 36055214 PMCID: PMC9502063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine zipper-EF-hand containing transmembrane protein 1 (LETM1) encodes an inner mitochondrial membrane protein with an osmoregulatory function controlling mitochondrial volume and ion homeostasis. The putative association of LETM1 with a human disease was initially suggested in Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome, a disorder that results from de novo monoallelic deletion of chromosome 4p16.3, a region encompassing LETM1. Utilizing exome sequencing and international gene-matching efforts, we have identified 18 affected individuals from 11 unrelated families harboring ultra-rare bi-allelic missense and loss-of-function LETM1 variants and clinical presentations highly suggestive of mitochondrial disease. These manifested as a spectrum of predominantly infantile-onset (14/18, 78%) and variably progressive neurological, metabolic, and dysmorphic symptoms, plus multiple organ dysfunction associated with neurodegeneration. The common features included respiratory chain complex deficiencies (100%), global developmental delay (94%), optic atrophy (83%), sensorineural hearing loss (78%), and cerebellar ataxia (78%) followed by epilepsy (67%), spasticity (53%), and myopathy (50%). Other features included bilateral cataracts (42%), cardiomyopathy (36%), and diabetes (27%). To better understand the pathogenic mechanism of the identified LETM1 variants, we performed biochemical and morphological studies on mitochondrial K+/H+ exchange activity, proteins, and shape in proband-derived fibroblasts and muscles and in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is an important model organism for mitochondrial osmotic regulation. Our results demonstrate that bi-allelic LETM1 variants are associated with defective mitochondrial K+ efflux, swollen mitochondrial matrix structures, and loss of important mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation protein components, thus highlighting the implication of perturbed mitochondrial osmoregulation caused by LETM1 variants in neurological and mitochondrial pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rauan Kaiyrzhanov
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London, Queen Square, Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Sami E M Mohammed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London, Queen Square, Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Ralf A Husain
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07747, Germany; Center for Rare Diseases, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07747, Germany
| | - Alessia Catania
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan 20126, Italy
| | - Alessandra Torraco
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Ahmad Alahmad
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; Kuwait Medical Genetics Centre, Al-Sabah Medical Area 80901, Kuwait
| | - Marina Dutra-Clarke
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sabine Grønborg
- Center for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Annapurna Sudarsanam
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK
| | - Julie Vogt
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK
| | - Filippo Arrigoni
- Paediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology Department, V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan 20154, Italy
| | - Julia Baptista
- Peninsula Medical School, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Shahzad Haider
- Paediatrics Wah Medical College NUMS, Wah Cantonment, Punjab 44000, Pakistan
| | - René G Feichtinger
- University Children's Hospital, Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg 5020, Austria
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Alessandra Zulian
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Mirjana Gusic
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich 81675, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Stephanie Efthymiou
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London, Queen Square, Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | | | - Farah Bibi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pir Mehar Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 44000, Pakistan
| | - Alejandro Horga
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London, Queen Square, Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos and San Carlos Health Research Institute (IdISSC), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Julian A Martinez-Agosto
- Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Amanda Lam
- Neurometabolic Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK; Department of Chemical Pathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, WC1N 3BG London, UK
| | - Andreea Manole
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London, Queen Square, Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Diego-Perez Rodriguez
- Department of Clinical Movement Neurosciences, Royal Free Campus, University College of London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Romina Durigon
- Department of Clinical Movement Neurosciences, Royal Free Campus, University College of London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Angela Pyle
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Buthaina Albash
- Kuwait Medical Genetics Centre, Al-Sabah Medical Area 80901, Kuwait
| | - Carlo Dionisi-Vici
- Division of Metabolism, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - David Murphy
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Diego Martinelli
- Division of Metabolism, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Enrico Bugiardini
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London, Queen Square, Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | | | - Costanza Lamperti
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan 20126, Italy
| | - Siegfried Reipert
- Core Facility of Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Wien, Austria
| | - Lotte Risom
- Department of Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet Blegdamsvej, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Lucia Laugwitz
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neuropediatrics, Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Michela Di Nottia
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Robert McFarland
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Laura Vilarinho
- Unit of Neonatal Screening, Metabolism and Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Porto 4000-055, Portugal
| | - Michael Hanna
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London, Queen Square, Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Johannes A Mayr
- University Children's Hospital, Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg 5020, Austria
| | - Enrico Silvio Bertini
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Daniele Ghezzi
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan 20126, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Elsebet Østergaard
- Department of Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet Blegdamsvej, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark; Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Saskia B Wortmann
- University Children's Hospital, Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg 5020, Austria; Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany; Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboudumc, Nijmegen 6525 EZ, the Netherlands
| | - Rosalba Carrozzo
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Tobias B Haack
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany; Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Antonella Spinazzola
- Department of Clinical Movement Neurosciences, Royal Free Campus, University College of London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Karin Nowikovsky
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria; Department of Internal Medicine I, ASCTR and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria.
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London, Queen Square, Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
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Ju S, Chen H, Wang S, Lin J, Ma Y, Aroian RV, Peng D, Sun M. C. elegans monitor energy status via the AMPK pathway to trigger innate immune responses against bacterial pathogens. Commun Biol 2022; 5:643. [PMID: 35773333 PMCID: PMC9246835 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03589-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogen recognition and the triggering of host innate immune system are critical to understanding pathogen-host interaction. Cellular surveillance systems have been identified as an important strategy for the identification of microbial infection. In the present study, using Bacillus thuringiensis-Caenorhabditis elegans as a model, we found an approach for surveillance systems to sense pathogens. We report that Bacillus thuringiensis Cry5Ba, a typical pore-forming toxin, caused mitochondrial damage and energy imbalance by triggering potassium ion leakage, instead of directly targeting mitochondria. Interestingly, we find C. elegans can monitor intracellular energy status to trigger innate immune responses via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), secreting multiple effectors to defend against pathogenic attacks. Our study indicates that the imbalance of energy status is a prevalent side effect of pathogen infection. Furthermore, the AMPK-dependent surveillance system may serve as a practicable strategy for the host to recognize and defense against pathogens. Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry5Ba triggers potassium ion leakage, causing mitochondrial damage and energy imbalance. C. elegans can monitor this intracellular energy imbalance via AMP-activated protein kinase to trigger innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouyong Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hanqiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shaoying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yanli Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Raffi V Aroian
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School Worcester, Worcester, MA, 01605-2377, USA
| | - Donghai Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Ming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Matuz-Mares D, González-Andrade M, Araiza-Villanueva MG, Vilchis-Landeros MM, Vázquez-Meza H. Mitochondrial Calcium: Effects of Its Imbalance in Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050801. [PMID: 35624667 PMCID: PMC9138001 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium is used in many cellular processes and is maintained within the cell as free calcium at low concentrations (approximately 100 nM), compared with extracellular (millimolar) concentrations, to avoid adverse effects such as phosphate precipitation. For this reason, cells have adapted buffering strategies by compartmentalizing calcium into mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In mitochondria, the calcium concentration is in the millimolar range, as it is in the ER. Mitochondria actively contribute to buffering cellular calcium, but if matrix calcium increases beyond physiological demands, it can promote the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and, consequently, trigger apoptotic or necrotic cell death. The pathophysiological implications of mPTP opening in ischemia-reperfusion, liver, muscle, and lysosomal storage diseases, as well as those affecting the central nervous system, for example, Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Huntington’s disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have been reported. In this review, we present an updated overview of the main cellular mechanisms of mitochondrial calcium regulation. We specially focus on neurodegenerative diseases related to imbalances in calcium homeostasis and summarize some proposed therapies studied to attenuate these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyamira Matuz-Mares
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (D.M.-M.); (M.G.-A.); (M.M.V.-L.)
| | - Martin González-Andrade
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (D.M.-M.); (M.G.-A.); (M.M.V.-L.)
| | | | - María Magdalena Vilchis-Landeros
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (D.M.-M.); (M.G.-A.); (M.M.V.-L.)
| | - Héctor Vázquez-Meza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (D.M.-M.); (M.G.-A.); (M.M.V.-L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-5623-2168
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Cortassa S, Aon MA, Juhaszova M, Kobrinsky E, Zorov DB, Sollott SJ. Computational modeling of mitochondrial K +- and H +-driven ATP synthesis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 165:9-18. [PMID: 34954465 PMCID: PMC8940703 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
ATP synthase (F1Fo) is a rotary molecular engine that harnesses energy from electrochemical-gradients across the inner mitochondrial membrane for ATP synthesis. Despite the accepted tenet that F1Fo transports exclusively H+, our laboratory has demonstrated that, in addition to H+, F1Fo ATP synthase transports a significant fraction of ΔΨm-driven charge as K+ to synthesize ATP. Herein, we utilize a computational modeling approach as a proof of principle of the feasibility of the core mechanism underlying the enhanced ATP synthesis, and to explore its bioenergetic consequences. A minimal model comprising the 'core' mechanism constituted by ATP synthase, driven by both proton (PMF) and potassium motive force (KMF), respiratory chain, adenine nucleotide translocator, Pi carrier, and K+/H+ exchanger (KHEmito) was able to simulate enhanced ATP synthesis and respiratory fluxes determined experimentally with isolated heart mitochondria. This capacity of F1Fo ATP synthase confers mitochondria with a significant energetic advantage compared to K+ transport through a channel not linked to oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). The K+-cycling mechanism requires a KHEmito that exchanges matrix K+ for intermembrane space H+, leaving PMF as the overall driving energy of OxPhos, in full agreement with the standard chemiosmotic mechanism. Experimental data of state 4➔3 energetic transitions, mimicking low to high energy demand, could be reproduced by an integrated computational model of mitochondrial function that incorporates the 'core' mechanism. Model simulations display similar behavior compared to the experimentally observed changes in ΔΨm, mitochondrial K+ uptake, matrix volume, respiration, and ATP synthesis during the energetic transitions at physiological pH and K+ concentration. The model also explores the role played by KHEmito in modulating the energetic performance of mitochondria. The results obtained support the available experimental evidence on ATP synthesis driven by K+ and H+ transport through the F1Fo ATP synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Cortassa
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.
| | - Miguel A Aon
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.
| | - Magdalena Juhaszova
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.
| | - Evgeny Kobrinsky
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.
| | - Dmitry B Zorov
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America; Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Steven J Sollott
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.
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17
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Garbincius JF, Elrod JW. Mitochondrial calcium exchange in physiology and disease. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:893-992. [PMID: 34698550 PMCID: PMC8816638 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00041.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The uptake of calcium into and extrusion of calcium from the mitochondrial matrix is a fundamental biological process that has critical effects on cellular metabolism, signaling, and survival. Disruption of mitochondrial calcium (mCa2+) cycling is implicated in numerous acquired diseases such as heart failure, stroke, neurodegeneration, diabetes, and cancer and is genetically linked to several inherited neuromuscular disorders. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for mCa2+ exchange therefore holds great promise for the treatment of these diseases. The past decade has seen the genetic identification of many of the key proteins that mediate mitochondrial calcium uptake and efflux. Here, we present an overview of the phenomenon of mCa2+ transport and a comprehensive examination of the molecular machinery that mediates calcium flux across the inner mitochondrial membrane: the mitochondrial uniporter complex (consisting of MCU, EMRE, MICU1, MICU2, MICU3, MCUB, and MCUR1), NCLX, LETM1, the mitochondrial ryanodine receptor, and the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. We then consider the physiological implications of mCa2+ flux and evaluate how alterations in mCa2+ homeostasis contribute to human disease. This review concludes by highlighting opportunities and challenges for therapeutic intervention in pathologies characterized by aberrant mCa2+ handling and by summarizing critical unanswered questions regarding the biology of mCa2+ flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne F Garbincius
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John W Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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18
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Arguello T, Peralta S, Antonicka H, Gaidosh G, Diaz F, Tu YT, Garcia S, Shiekhattar R, Barrientos A, Moraes CT. ATAD3A has a scaffolding role regulating mitochondria inner membrane structure and protein assembly. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110139. [PMID: 34936866 PMCID: PMC8785211 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATPase Family AAA Domain Containing 3A (ATAD3A), is a mitochondrial inner membrane protein conserved in metazoans. ATAD3A has been associated with several mitochondrial functions, including nucleoid organization, cholesterol metabolism, and mitochondrial translation. To address its primary role, we generated a neuronal-specific conditional knockout (Atad3 nKO) mouse model, which developed a severe encephalopathy by 5 months of age. Pre-symptomatic mice showed aberrant mitochondrial cristae morphogenesis in the cortex as early as 2 months. Using a multi-omics approach in the CNS of 2-to-3-month-old mice, we found early alterations in the organelle membrane structure. We also show that human ATAD3A associates with different components of the inner membrane, including OXPHOS complex I, Letm1, and prohibitin complexes. Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy (STORM) shows that ATAD3A is regularly distributed along the inner mitochondrial membrane, suggesting a critical structural role in inner mitochondrial membrane and its organization, most likely in an ATPase-dependent manner. Arguello et al. show that deletion of the mitochondrial protein ATAD3 in neurons leads to neuronal loss and death. The earliest phenotype is disruption of the mitochondrial inner membrane structure; OXPHOS complexes are affected later. ATAD3 is regularly spaced and has several interactors at the inner membrane, including CI subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Arguello
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Susana Peralta
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Hana Antonicka
- Department of Human Genetics and Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Gabriel Gaidosh
- Department of Human Genetics, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Francisca Diaz
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ya-Ting Tu
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Sofia Garcia
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ramin Shiekhattar
- Department of Human Genetics, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Antonio Barrientos
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Carlos T Moraes
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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19
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Ji W, Tang X, Du W, Lu Y, Wang N, Wu Q, Wei W, Liu J, Yu H, Ma B, Li L, Huang W. Optical/electrochemical methods for detecting mitochondrial energy metabolism. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 51:71-127. [PMID: 34792041 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01610a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the biological importance of mitochondrial energy metabolism and the applications of multiple optical/electrochemical approaches to determine energy metabolites. Mitochondria, the main sites of oxidative phosphorylation and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) biosynthesis, provide the majority of energy required by aerobic cells for maintaining their physiological activity. They also participate in cell growth, differentiation, information transmission, and apoptosis. Multiple mitochondrial diseases, caused by internal or external factors, including oxidative stress, intense fluctuations of the ionic concentration, abnormal oxidative phosphorylation, changes in electron transport chain complex enzymes and mutations in mitochondrial DNA, can occur during mitochondrial energy metabolism. Therefore, developing accurate, sensitive, and specific methods for the in vivo and in vitro detection of mitochondrial energy metabolites is of great importance. In this review, we summarise the mitochondrial structure, functions, and crucial energy metabolic signalling pathways. The mechanism and applications of different optical/electrochemical methods are thoroughly reviewed. Finally, future research directions and challenges are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Ji
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Xiao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Yao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Nanxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Qiong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Haidong Yu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Bo Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China. .,Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China.,The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China. .,Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China.,The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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20
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Heidorn-Czarna M, Heidorn HM, Fernando S, Sanislav O, Jarmuszkiewicz W, Mutzel R, Fisher PR. Chronic Activation of AMPK Induces Mitochondrial Biogenesis through Differential Phosphorylation and Abundance of Mitochondrial Proteins in Dictyostelium discoideum. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111675. [PMID: 34769115 PMCID: PMC8584165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial biogenesis is a highly controlled process that depends on diverse signalling pathways responding to cellular and environmental signals. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a critical metabolic enzyme that acts at a central control point in cellular energy homeostasis. Numerous studies have revealed the crucial roles of AMPK in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis; however, molecular mechanisms underlying this process are still largely unknown. Previously, we have shown that, in cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum, the overexpression of the catalytic α subunit of AMPK led to enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis, which was accompanied by reduced cell growth and aberrant development. Here, we applied mass spectrometry-based proteomics of Dictyostelium mitochondria to determine the impact of chronically active AMPKα on the phosphorylation state and abundance of mitochondrial proteins and to identify potential protein targets leading to the biogenesis of mitochondria. Our results demonstrate that enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis is associated with variations in the phosphorylation levels and abundance of proteins related to energy metabolism, protein synthesis, transport, inner membrane biogenesis, and cellular signalling. The observed changes are accompanied by elevated mitochondrial respiratory activity in the AMPK overexpression strain. Our work is the first study reporting on the global phosphoproteome profiling of D. discoideum mitochondria and its changes as a response to constitutively active AMPK. We also propose an interplay between the AMPK and mTORC1 signalling pathways in controlling the cellular growth and biogenesis of mitochondria in Dictyostelium as a model organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Heidorn-Czarna
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute for Biology-Microbiology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (H.-M.H.); (R.M.)
- Department of Cellular Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-375-62-73
| | - Herbert-Michael Heidorn
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute for Biology-Microbiology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (H.-M.H.); (R.M.)
| | - Sanjanie Fernando
- Discipline of Microbiology, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia; (S.F.); (O.S.); (P.R.F.)
| | - Oana Sanislav
- Discipline of Microbiology, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia; (S.F.); (O.S.); (P.R.F.)
| | - Wieslawa Jarmuszkiewicz
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biochemistry, Department of Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Rupert Mutzel
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute for Biology-Microbiology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (H.-M.H.); (R.M.)
| | - Paul R. Fisher
- Discipline of Microbiology, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia; (S.F.); (O.S.); (P.R.F.)
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21
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Kravenska Y, Checchetto V, Szabo I. Routes for Potassium Ions across Mitochondrial Membranes: A Biophysical Point of View with Special Focus on the ATP-Sensitive K + Channel. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1172. [PMID: 34439838 PMCID: PMC8393992 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Potassium ions can cross both the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes by means of multiple routes. A few potassium-permeable ion channels exist in the outer membrane, while in the inner membrane, a multitude of different potassium-selective and potassium-permeable channels mediate K+ uptake into energized mitochondria. In contrast, potassium is exported from the matrix thanks to an H+/K+ exchanger whose molecular identity is still debated. Among the K+ channels of the inner mitochondrial membrane, the most widely studied is the ATP-dependent potassium channel, whose pharmacological activation protects cells against ischemic damage and neuronal injury. In this review, we briefly summarize and compare the different hypotheses regarding the molecular identity of this patho-physiologically relevant channel, taking into account the electrophysiological characteristics of the proposed components. In addition, we discuss the characteristics of the other channels sharing localization to both the plasma membrane and mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ildiko Szabo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (Y.K.); (V.C.)
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22
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Pivato M, Ballottari M. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cellular compartments and their contribution to intracellular calcium signalling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5312-5335. [PMID: 34077536 PMCID: PMC8318260 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+)-dependent signalling plays a well-characterized role in the response to different environmental stimuli, in both plant and animal cells. In the model organism for green algae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Ca2+ signals were reported to have a crucial role in different physiological processes, such as stress responses, photosynthesis, and flagella functions. Recent reports identified the underlying components of the Ca2+ signalling machinery at the level of specific subcellular compartments and reported in vivo imaging of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in response to environmental stimuli. The characterization of these Ca2+-related mechanisms and proteins in C. reinhardtii is providing knowledge on how microalgae can perceive and respond to environmental stimuli, but also on how this Ca2+ signalling machinery has evolved. Here, we review current knowledge on the cellular mechanisms underlying the generation, shaping, and decoding of Ca2+ signals in C. reinhardtii, providing an overview of the known and possible molecular players involved in the Ca2+ signalling of its different subcellular compartments. The advanced toolkits recently developed to measure time-resolved Ca2+ signalling in living C. reinhardtii cells are also discussed, suggesting how they can improve the study of the role of Ca2+ signals in the cellular response of microalgae to environmental stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Pivato
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Ballottari
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
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23
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dos Santos GRRM, Leite ACR, Lander N, Chiurillo MA, Vercesi AE, Docampo R. Trypanosoma cruzi Letm1 is involved in mitochondrial Ca 2+ transport, and is essential for replication, differentiation, and host cell invasion. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21685. [PMID: 34085343 PMCID: PMC10437107 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100120rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Leucine zipper-EF-hand containing transmembrane protein 1 (Letm1) is a mitochondrial inner membrane protein involved in Ca2+ and K+ homeostasis in mammalian cells. Here, we demonstrate that the Letm1 orthologue of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, is important for mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and release. The results show that both mitochondrial Ca2+ influx and efflux are reduced in TcLetm1 knockdown (TcLetm1-KD) cells and increased in TcLetm1 overexpressing cells, without alterations in the mitochondrial membrane potential. Remarkably, TcLetm1 knockdown or overexpression increases or does not affect mitochondrial Ca2+ levels in epimastigotes, respectively. TcLetm1-KD epimastigotes have reduced growth, and both overexpression and knockdown of TcLetm1 cause a defect in metacyclogenesis. TcLetm1-KD also affected mitochondrial bioenergetics. Invasion of host cells by TcLetm1-KD trypomastigotes and their intracellular replication is greatly impaired. Taken together, our findings indicate that TcLetm1 is important for Ca2+ homeostasis and cell viability in T cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Catarina Rezende Leite
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Noelia Lander
- Center of Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases and Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Miguel Angel Chiurillo
- Center of Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases and Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Aníbal Eugênio Vercesi
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto Docampo
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center of Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases and Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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24
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Morciano G, Naumova N, Koprowski P, Valente S, Sardão VA, Potes Y, Rimessi A, Wieckowski MR, Oliveira PJ. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore: an evolving concept critical for cell life and death. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:2489-2521. [PMID: 34155777 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize current knowledge of perhaps one of the most intriguing phenomena in cell biology: the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). This phenomenon, which was initially observed as a sudden loss of inner mitochondrial membrane impermeability caused by excessive calcium, has been studied for almost 50 years, and still no definitive answer has been provided regarding its mechanisms. From its initial consideration as an in vitro artifact to the current notion that the mPTP is a phenomenon with physiological and pathological implications, a long road has been travelled. We here summarize the role of mitochondria in cytosolic calcium control and the evolving concepts regarding the mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) and the mPTP. We show how the evolving mPTP models and mechanisms, which involve many proposed mitochondrial protein components, have arisen from methodological advances and more complex biological models. We describe how scientific progress and methodological advances have allowed milestone discoveries on mPTP regulation and composition and its recognition as a valid target for drug development and a critical component of mitochondrial biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampaolo Morciano
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Via Corriera 1, Cotignola, Ravenna, 48033, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 70, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Natalia Naumova
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua Medical School, Via Giustiniani 2, Padova, 35128, Italy
| | - Piotr Koprowski
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - Sara Valente
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, UC Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, 3060-197, Portugal
| | - Vilma A Sardão
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, UC Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, 3060-197, Portugal
| | - Yaiza Potes
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - Alessandro Rimessi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 70, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Mariusz R Wieckowski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, UC Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, 3060-197, Portugal
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25
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Pedersen SF, Flinck M, Pardo LA. The Interplay between Dysregulated Ion Transport and Mitochondrial Architecture as a Dangerous Liaison in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105209. [PMID: 34069047 PMCID: PMC8156689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transport of ions and nutrients is a core mitochondrial function, without which there would be no mitochondrial metabolism and ATP production. Both ion homeostasis and mitochondrial phenotype undergo pervasive changes during cancer development, and both play key roles in driving the malignancy. However, the link between these events has been largely ignored. This review comprehensively summarizes and critically discusses the role of the reciprocal relationship between ion transport and mitochondria in crucial cellular functions, including metabolism, signaling, and cell fate decisions. We focus on Ca2+, H+, and K+, which play essential and highly interconnected roles in mitochondrial function and are profoundly dysregulated in cancer. We describe the transport and roles of these ions in normal mitochondria, summarize the changes occurring during cancer development, and discuss how they might impact tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine F. Pedersen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Correspondence: (S.F.P.); (L.A.P.)
| | - Mette Flinck
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Luis A. Pardo
- Oncophysiology Group, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.F.P.); (L.A.P.)
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26
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Bernardi P. Looking Back to the Future of Mitochondrial Research. Front Physiol 2021; 12:682467. [PMID: 33995132 PMCID: PMC8119648 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.682467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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27
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Pyrih J, Pánek T, Durante IM, Rašková V, Cimrhanzlová K, Kriegová E, Tsaousis AD, Eliáš M, Lukeš J. Vestiges of the Bacterial Signal Recognition Particle-Based Protein Targeting in Mitochondria. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:3170-3187. [PMID: 33837778 PMCID: PMC8321541 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The main bacterial pathway for inserting proteins into the plasma membrane relies on the signal recognition particle (SRP), composed of the Ffh protein and an associated RNA component, and the SRP-docking protein FtsY. Eukaryotes use an equivalent system of archaeal origin to deliver proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum, whereas a bacteria-derived SRP and FtsY function in the plastid. Here we report on the presence of homologs of the bacterial Ffh and FtsY proteins in various unrelated plastid-lacking unicellular eukaryotes, namely Heterolobosea, Alveida, Goniomonas, and Hemimastigophora. The monophyly of novel eukaryotic Ffh and FtsY groups, predicted mitochondrial localization experimentally confirmed for Naegleria gruberi, and a strong alphaproteobacterial affinity of the Ffh group, collectively suggest that they constitute parts of an ancestral mitochondrial signal peptide-based protein-targeting system inherited from the last eukaryotic common ancestor, but lost from the majority of extant eukaryotes. The ability of putative signal peptides, predicted in a subset of mitochondrial-encoded N. gruberi proteins, to target a reporter fluorescent protein into the endoplasmic reticulum of Trypanosoma brucei, likely through their interaction with the cytosolic SRP, provided further support for this notion. We also illustrate that known mitochondrial ribosome-interacting proteins implicated in membrane protein targeting in opisthokonts (Mba1, Mdm38, and Mrx15) are broadly conserved in eukaryotes and nonredundant with the mitochondrial SRP system. Finally, we identified a novel mitochondrial protein (MAP67) present in diverse eukaryotes and related to the signal peptide-binding domain of Ffh, which may well be a hitherto unrecognized component of the mitochondrial membrane protein-targeting machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Pyrih
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Molecular and Evolutionary Parasitology, RAPID Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Tomáš Pánek
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ignacio Miguel Durante
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Rašková
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic.,Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Cimrhanzlová
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic.,Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kriegová
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic
| | - Anastasios D Tsaousis
- Laboratory of Molecular and Evolutionary Parasitology, RAPID Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Marek Eliáš
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Julius Lukeš
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic.,Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic
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Natarajan GK, Mishra J, Camara AKS, Kwok WM. LETM1: A Single Entity With Diverse Impact on Mitochondrial Metabolism and Cellular Signaling. Front Physiol 2021; 12:637852. [PMID: 33815143 PMCID: PMC8012663 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.637852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly 2 decades since its discovery as one of the genes responsible for the Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome (WHS), the primary function of the leucine-zipper EF-hand containing transmembrane 1 (LETM1) protein in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) or the mechanism by which it regulates mitochondrial Ca2+ handling is unresolved. Meanwhile, LETM1 has been associated with the regulation of fundamental cellular processes, such as development, cellular respiration and metabolism, and apoptosis. This mini-review summarizes the diversity of cellular functions impacted by LETM1 and highlights the multiple roles of LETM1 in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri K Natarajan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Jyotsna Mishra
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Amadou K S Camara
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Wai-Meng Kwok
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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29
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Tanwar J, Singh JB, Motiani RK. Molecular machinery regulating mitochondrial calcium levels: The nuts and bolts of mitochondrial calcium dynamics. Mitochondrion 2021; 57:9-22. [PMID: 33316420 PMCID: PMC7610953 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play vital role in regulating the cellular energetics and metabolism. Further, it is a signaling hub for cell survival and apoptotic pathways. One of the key determinants that calibrate both cellular energetics and survival functions is mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) dynamics. Mitochondrial Ca2+ regulates three Ca2+-sensitive dehydrogenase enzymes involved in tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle thereby directly controlling ATP synthesis. On the other hand, excessive Ca2+ concentration within the mitochondrial matrix elevates mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) levels and causes mitochondrial membrane depolarization. This leads to opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and release of cytochrome c into cytosol eventually triggering apoptosis. Therefore, it is critical for cell to maintain mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration. Since cells can neither synthesize nor metabolize Ca2+, it is the dynamic interplay of Ca2+ handling proteins involved in mitochondrial Ca2+ influx and efflux that take the center stage. In this review we would discuss the key molecular machinery regulating mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration. We would focus on the channel complex involved in bringing Ca2+ into mitochondrial matrix i.e. Mitochondrial Ca2+ Uniporter (MCU) and its key regulators Mitochondrial Ca2+ Uptake proteins (MICU1, 2 and 3), MCU regulatory subunit b (MCUb), Essential MCU Regulator (EMRE) and Mitochondrial Ca2+ Uniporter Regulator 1 (MCUR1). Further, we would deliberate on major mitochondrial Ca2+ efflux proteins i.e. Mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+/Li+ exchanger (NCLX) and Leucine zipper EF hand-containing transmembrane1 (Letm1). Moreover, we would highlight the physiological functions of these proteins and discuss their relevance in human pathophysiology. Finally, we would highlight key outstanding questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Tanwar
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi 10025, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Jaya Bharti Singh
- Laboratory of Calciomics and Systemic Pathophysiology (LCSP), Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad, Delhi-NCR, India
| | - Rajender K Motiani
- Laboratory of Calciomics and Systemic Pathophysiology (LCSP), Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad, Delhi-NCR, India.
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Abstract
Mitochondria are responsible for ATP production but are also known as regulators of cell death, and mitochondrial matrix Ca2+ is a key modulator of both ATP production and cell death. Although mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and efflux have been studied for over 50 years, it is only in the past decade that the proteins responsible for mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and efflux have been identified. The identification of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) led to an explosion of studies identifying regulators of the MCU. The levels of these regulators vary in a tissue- and disease-specific manner, providing new insight into how mitochondrial Ca2+ is regulated. This review focuses on the proteins responsible for mitochondrial transport and what we have learned from mouse studies with genetic alterations in these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Murphy
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;
| | - Charles Steenbergen
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
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31
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Mitochondrial osmoregulation in evolution, cation transport and metabolism. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2021; 1862:148368. [PMID: 33422486 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2021.148368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a retrospective on the role of osmotic regulation in the process of eukaryogenesis. Specifically, it focuses on the adjustments which must have been made by the original colonizing α-proteobacteria that led to the evolution of modern mitochondria. We focus on the cations that are fundamentally involved in volume determination and cellular metabolism and define the transporter landscape in relation to these ions in mitochondria as we know today. We provide analysis on how the cations interplay and together maintain osmotic balance that allows for effective ATP synthesis in the organelle.
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32
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Lofaro FD, Boraldi F, Garcia-Fernandez M, Estrella L, Valdivielso P, Quaglino D. Relationship Between Mitochondrial Structure and Bioenergetics in Pseudoxanthoma elasticum Dermal Fibroblasts. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:610266. [PMID: 33392199 PMCID: PMC7773789 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.610266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a genetic disease considered as a paradigm of ectopic mineralization disorders, being characterized by multisystem clinical manifestations due to progressive calcification of skin, eyes, and the cardiovascular system, resembling an age-related phenotype. Although fibroblasts do not express the pathogenic ABCC6 gene, nevertheless these cells are still under investigation because they regulate connective tissue homeostasis, generating the "arena" where cells and extracellular matrix components can promote pathologic calcification and where activation of pro-osteogenic factors can be associated to pathways involving mitochondrial metabolism. The aim of the present study was to integrate structural and bioenergenetic features to deeply investigate mitochondria from control and from PXE fibroblasts cultured in standard conditions and to explore the role of mitochondria in the development of the PXE fibroblasts' pathologic phenotype. Proteomic, biochemical, and morphological data provide new evidence that in basal culture conditions (1) the protein profile of PXE mitochondria reveals a number of differentially expressed proteins, suggesting changes in redox balance, oxidative phosphorylation, and calcium homeostasis in addition to modified structure and organization, (2) measure of oxygen consumption indicates that the PXE mitochondria have a low ability to cope with a sudden increased need for ATP via oxidative phosphorylation, (3) mitochondrial membranes are highly polarized in PXE fibroblasts, and this condition contributes to increased reactive oxygen species levels, (4) ultrastructural alterations in PXE mitochondria are associated with functional changes, and (5) PXE fibroblasts exhibit a more abundant, branched, and interconnected mitochondrial network compared to control cells, indicating that fusion prevail over fission events. In summary, the present study demonstrates that mitochondria are modified in PXE fibroblasts. Since mitochondria are key players in the development of the aging process, fibroblasts cultured from aged individuals or aged in vitro are more prone to calcify, and in PXE, calcified tissues remind features of premature aging syndromes; it can be hypothesized that mitochondria represent a common link contributing to the development of ectopic calcification in aging and in diseases. Therefore, ameliorating mitochondrial functions and cell metabolism could open new strategies to positively regulate a number of signaling pathways associated to pathologic calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federica Boraldi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Garcia-Fernandez
- Department of Human Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga, University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Lara Estrella
- Department of Human Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga, University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Pedro Valdivielso
- Department of Medicine and Dermatology, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain
- Internal Medicine Unit, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Daniela Quaglino
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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33
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Ray A, Jaiswal A, Dutta J, Singh S, Mabalirajan U. A looming role of mitochondrial calcium in dictating the lung epithelial integrity and pathophysiology of lung diseases. Mitochondrion 2020; 55:111-121. [PMID: 32971294 PMCID: PMC7505072 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing appreciation of mitochondria in modulating cellular homeostasis, various disease biology researchers have started exploring the detailed role of mitochondria in multiple diseases beyond neuronal and muscular diseases. In this context, emerging shreds of evidence in lung biology indicated the meticulous role of lung epithelia in provoking a plethora of lung diseases in contrast to earlier beliefs. As lung epithelia are ceaselessly exposed to the environment, they need to have multiple protective mechanisms to maintain the integrity of lung structure and function. As ciliated airway epithelium and type 2 alveolar epithelia require intense energy for executing their key functions like ciliary beating and surfactant production, it is no surprise that defects in mitochondrial function in these cells could perturb lung homeostasis and engage in the pathophysiology of lung diseases. On one hand, intracellular calcium plays the central role in executing key functions of lung epithelia, and on the other hand maintenance of intracellular calcium needs the buffering role of mitochondria. Thus, the regulation of mitochondrial calcium in lung epithelia seems to be critical in lung homeostasis and could be decisive in the pathogenesis of various lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archita Ray
- Molecular Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases, Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ashish Jaiswal
- Molecular Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases, Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Joytri Dutta
- Molecular Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases, Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sabita Singh
- Molecular Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases, Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ulaganathan Mabalirajan
- Molecular Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases, Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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34
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Naumova N, Šachl R. Regulation of Cell Death by Mitochondrial Transport Systems of Calcium and Bcl-2 Proteins. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:E299. [PMID: 33096926 PMCID: PMC7590060 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10100299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria represent the fundamental system for cellular energy metabolism, by not only supplying energy in the form of ATP, but also by affecting physiology and cell death via the regulation of calcium homeostasis and the activity of Bcl-2 proteins. A lot of research has recently been devoted to understanding the interplay between Bcl-2 proteins, the regulation of these interactions within the cell, and how these interactions lead to the changes in calcium homeostasis. However, the role of Bcl-2 proteins in the mediation of mitochondrial calcium homeostasis, and therefore the induction of cell death pathways, remain underestimated and are still not well understood. In this review, we first summarize our knowledge about calcium transport systems in mitochondria, which, when miss-regulated, can induce necrosis. We continue by reviewing and analyzing the functions of Bcl-2 proteins in apoptosis. Finally, we link these two regulatory mechanisms together, exploring the interactions between the mitochondrial Ca2+ transport systems and Bcl-2 proteins, both capable of inducing cell death, with the potential to determine the cell death pathway-either the apoptotic or the necrotic one.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Radek Šachl
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic;
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35
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Gibhardt CS, Ezeriņa D, Sung HM, Messens J, Bogeski I. Redox regulation of the mitochondrial calcium transport machinery. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2020.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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36
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Natarajan GK, Glait L, Mishra J, Stowe DF, Camara AKS, Kwok WM. Total Matrix Ca 2+ Modulates Ca 2+ Efflux via the Ca 2+/H + Exchanger in Cardiac Mitochondria. Front Physiol 2020; 11:510600. [PMID: 33041851 PMCID: PMC7526510 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.510600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial Ca2+ handling is accomplished by balancing Ca2+ uptake, primarily via the Ru360-sensitive mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), Ca2+ buffering in the matrix and Ca2+ efflux mainly via Ca2+ ion exchangers, such as the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCLX) and the Ca2+/H+ exchanger (CHE). The mechanism of CHE in cardiac mitochondria is not well-understood and its contribution to matrix Ca2+ regulation is thought to be negligible, despite higher expression of the putative CHE protein, LETM1, compared to hepatic mitochondria. In this study, Ca2+ efflux via the CHE was investigated in isolated rat cardiac mitochondria and permeabilized H9c2 cells. Mitochondria were exposed to (a) increasing matrix Ca2+ load via repetitive application of a finite CaCl2 bolus to the external medium and (b) change in the pH gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). Ca2+ efflux at different matrix Ca2+ loads was revealed by inhibiting Ca2+ uptake or reuptake with Ru360 after increasing number of CaCl2 boluses. In Na+-free experimental buffer and with Ca2+ uptake inhibited, the rate of Ca2+ efflux and steady-state free matrix Ca2+ [mCa2+]ss increased as the number of administered CaCl2 boluses increased. ADP and cyclosporine A (CsA), which are known to increase Ca2+ buffering while maintaining a constant [mCa2+]ss, decreased the rate of Ca2+ efflux via the CHE, with a significantly greater decrease in the presence of ADP. ADP also increased Ca2+ buffering rate and decreased [mCa2+]ss. A change in the pH of the external medium to a more acidic value from 7.15 to 6.8∼6.9 caused a twofold increase in the Ca2+ efflux rate, while an alkaline change in pH from 7.15 to 7.4∼7.5 did not change the Ca2+ efflux rate. In addition, CHE activation was associated with membrane depolarization. Targeted transient knockdown of LETM1 in permeabilized H9c2 cells modulated Ca2+ efflux. The results indicate that Ca2+ efflux via the CHE in cardiac mitochondria is modulated by acidic buffer pH and by total matrix Ca2+. A mechanism is proposed whereby activation of CHE is sensitive to changes in both the matrix Ca2+ buffering system and the matrix free Ca2+ concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri K Natarajan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Lyall Glait
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Jyotsna Mishra
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - David F Stowe
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin and Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Research Service, Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Amadou K S Camara
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Wai-Meng Kwok
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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Transcriptomic Profiling of Ca2+ Transport Systems During the Formation of the Cerebral Cortex in Mice. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081800. [PMID: 32751129 PMCID: PMC7465657 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) transients control key neural processes, including neurogenesis, migration, the polarization and growth of neurons, and the establishment and maintenance of synaptic connections. They are thus involved in the development and formation of the neural system. In this study, a publicly available whole transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) dataset was used to examine the expression of genes coding for putative plasma membrane and organellar Ca2+-transporting proteins (channels, pumps, exchangers, and transporters) during the formation of the cerebral cortex in mice. Four ages were considered: embryonic days 11 (E11), 13 (E13), and 17 (E17), and post-natal day 1 (PN1). This transcriptomic profiling was also combined with live-cell Ca2+ imaging recordings to assess the presence of functional Ca2+ transport systems in E13 neurons. The most important Ca2+ routes of the cortical wall at the onset of corticogenesis (E11–E13) were TACAN, GluK5, nAChR β2, Cav3.1, Orai3, transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 7 (TRPM7) non-mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 2 (NCX2), and the connexins CX43/CX45/CX37. Hence, transient receptor potential cation channel mucolipin subfamily member 1 (TRPML1), transmembrane protein 165 (TMEM165), and Ca2+ “leak” channels are prominent intracellular Ca2+ pathways. The Ca2+ pumps sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2 (SERCA2) and plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase 1 (PMCA1) control the resting basal Ca2+ levels. At the end of neurogenesis (E17 and onward), a more numerous and diverse population of Ca2+ uptake systems was observed. In addition to the actors listed above, prominent Ca2+-conducting systems of the cortical wall emerged, including acid-sensing ion channel 1 (ASIC1), Orai2, P2X2, and GluN1. Altogether, this study provides a detailed view of the pattern of expression of the main actors participating in the import, export, and release of Ca2+. This work can serve as a framework for further functional and mechanistic studies on Ca2+ signaling during cerebral cortex formation.
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38
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Zhang F, Bian J, Chen X, Huang J, Smith N, Lu W, Xu Y, Lee J, Wu X. Roles for intracellular cation transporters in respiratory growth of yeast. Metallomics 2020; 11:1667-1678. [PMID: 31402362 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00145j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Potassium is involved in copper and iron metabolism in eukaryotic Golgi apparatus, but it is not clear yet whether potassium distributions in other vesicles also affect copper and iron metabolism. Here we show that respiratory growth and iron acquisition by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae relies on potassium (K+) compartmentalization to the mitochondria, as well as the vacuole and late endosome via K+/H+ exchangers Mdm38p, Vnx1p and Nhx1p, respectively. The data indicate that NHX1 and VNX1 knock-out cells grow better than wild type cells on non-fermentable YPEG media, while MDM38 knock-out cells display a growth defect on YPEG media. The over expression of the KHA1 gene located on the Golgi apparatus partially compensates for the growth defect of the MDM38 knock-out strain. The results suggest that the vacuole and late endosome are important potassium storage vesicles and Mdm38p affects the mitochondrial function by regulating copper and iron metabolism. Our study reveals potassium compartmentalization to the subcellular vesicles is relevant for respiratory growth by improving copper utilization and promoting iron absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
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39
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Channels and transporters for inorganic ions in plant mitochondria: Prediction and facts. Mitochondrion 2020; 53:224-233. [PMID: 32540403 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are crucial bioenergetic organelles for providing different metabolites, including ATP, to sustain cell growth both in animals and in plants. These organelles, delimited by two membranes (outer and inner mitochondrial membrane), maintain their function by an intensive communication with other organelles as well as with the cytosol. Transport of metabolites across the two membranes, but also that of inorganic ions, takes place through specific ion channels and transporters and plays a crucial role in ensuring an adequate ionic milieu within the mitochondria. In the present review we briefly summarize the current knowledge about plant mitochondrial ion channels and transporters in comparison to those of animal mitochondria and examine the possible molecular identity of the so far unidentified transport systems taking into account subcellular targeting predictions and data from literature.
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40
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Noble M, Lin QT, Sirko C, Houpt JA, Novello MJ, Stathopulos PB. Structural Mechanisms of Store-Operated and Mitochondrial Calcium Regulation: Initiation Points for Drug Discovery. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3642. [PMID: 32455637 PMCID: PMC7279490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is a universal signaling ion that is essential for the life and death processes of all eukaryotes. In humans, numerous cell stimulation pathways lead to the mobilization of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum (S/ER) stored Ca2+, resulting in the propagation of Ca2+ signals through the activation of processes, such as store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). SOCE provides a sustained Ca2+ entry into the cytosol; moreover, the uptake of SOCE-mediated Ca2+ by mitochondria can shape cytosolic Ca2+ signals, function as a feedback signal for the SOCE molecular machinery, and drive numerous mitochondrial processes, including adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and distinct cell death pathways. In recent years, tremendous progress has been made in identifying the proteins mediating these signaling pathways and elucidating molecular structures, invaluable for understanding the underlying mechanisms of function. Nevertheless, there remains a disconnect between using this accumulating protein structural knowledge and the design of new research tools and therapies. In this review, we provide an overview of the Ca2+ signaling pathways that are involved in mediating S/ER stored Ca2+ release, SOCE, and mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, as well as pinpoint multiple levels of crosstalk between these pathways. Further, we highlight the significant protein structures elucidated in recent years controlling these Ca2+ signaling pathways. Finally, we describe a simple strategy that aimed at applying the protein structural data to initiating drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Noble
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A5C1, Canada; (M.N.); (Q.-T.L.); (C.S.); (M.J.N.)
| | - Qi-Tong Lin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A5C1, Canada; (M.N.); (Q.-T.L.); (C.S.); (M.J.N.)
| | - Christian Sirko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A5C1, Canada; (M.N.); (Q.-T.L.); (C.S.); (M.J.N.)
| | - Jacob A. Houpt
- Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A5C1, Canada;
| | - Matthew J. Novello
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A5C1, Canada; (M.N.); (Q.-T.L.); (C.S.); (M.J.N.)
| | - Peter B. Stathopulos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A5C1, Canada; (M.N.); (Q.-T.L.); (C.S.); (M.J.N.)
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Aral C, Demirkesen S, Bircan R, Yasar Sirin D. Melatonin reverses the oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction caused by LETM1 silencing. Cell Biol Int 2019; 44:795-807. [PMID: 31777134 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
LETM1 is a mitochondrial inner-membrane protein, which is encoded by a gene present in a locus of 4p, which, in turn, is deleted in the Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome, and is assumed to be related to its pathogenesis. The cellular damage caused by the deletion is presumably related to oxidative stress. Melatonin has many beneficial roles in protecting mitochondria by scavenging reactive oxygen species, maintaining membrane potential, and improving functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of melatonin administration to LETM1-silenced mouse embryonic fibroblast cells as a cellular model for LETM1 deficiency. We transfected mouse embryonic fibroblast cells with a pair of siRNA against LETM1 and monitored the oxidative stress and mitochondrial functions with or without melatonin addition. MnSOD expression and aconitase activity decreased and oxidized protein levels increased in LETM1-silenced cells. LETM1 suppression did not alter the expression of OXPHOS complexes, but the oxygen consumption rates decreased significantly; however, this change was not related to complex I but instead involved complex IV and complex II. Melatonin supplementation effectively normalized the parameters studied, including the oxygen consumption rate. Our findings identified a novel effect of LETM1 deficiency on cellular respiration via complex II as well as a potential beneficial role of melatonin treatment. On the other hand, these effects may be specific to the cell line used and need to be verified in other cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cenk Aral
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Namık Kemal University, 59030, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Seyma Demirkesen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Namık Kemal University, 59030, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Rıfat Bircan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Namık Kemal University, 59030, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Duygu Yasar Sirin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Namık Kemal University, 59030, Tekirdağ, Turkey
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