1
|
Şirin PA, Serdar S. Effects of nitrogen starvation on growth and biochemical composition of some microalgae species. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024; 69:889-902. [PMID: 38285280 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-024-01136-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen is one of the most important nutrient sources for the growth of microalgae. We studied the effects of nitrogen starvation on the growth responses, biochemical composition, and fatty acid profile of Dunaliella tertiolecta, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and Nannochloropsis oculata. The lack of nitrogen caused changes in carbohydrate, protein, lipid, and fatty acid composition in all examined microalgae. The carbohydrate content increased 59% in D. tertiolecta, while the lipid level increased 139% in P. tricornutum under nitrogen stress conditions compared to the control groups. Nitrogen starvation increased the oligosaccharide and polysaccharide contents of D. tertiolecta 4.1-fold and 3.6-fold, respectively. Furthermore, triacylglycerol (TAG) levels in N. oculata and P. tricornutum increased 2.3-fold and 7.4-fold, respectively. The dramatic increase in the amount of TAG is important for the use of these microalgae as raw materials in biodiesel. Nitrogen starvation increased the amounts of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides of D. tertiolecta, while increased eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in N. oculata and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content in P. tricornutum. The amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), EPA, DHA, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides in microalgal species can be increased without using the too costly nitrogen source in the culture conditions, which can reduce the most costly of living feeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Akdoğan Şirin
- Fatsa Faculty of Marine Science, Department of Fisheries Technology Engineering, Ordu University, 52400, Fatsa, Ordu, Turkey.
| | - Serpil Serdar
- Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Aquaculture, Ege University, 35030, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Assobhi B, Ennasry H, Latique S, Kara M, Alaoui Mhamdi M, Bahhou J. Influence of salinity, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of two Chlorophyceae isolated from Fez freshwater, Morocco. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8259. [PMID: 38589560 PMCID: PMC11001895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58864-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are widely exploited for numerous biotechnology applications, including biofuels. In this context, Chlamydomonas debaryana and Chlorococcum sp. were isolated from Fez freshwater (Morocco), and their growth and lipid and carbohydrate production were assessed at different concentrations of NaCl, NaNO3, and K2HPO4. The results indicate a small positive variation in growth parameters linked to nutrient enrichment, with no considerable variation in carbohydrate and lipid levels in both algae. Moreover, a negative variation was recorded at increased salinity and nutrient limitation, accompanied by lipid and carbohydrate accumulation. Chlorococcum sp. showed better adaptation to salt stress below 200 mM NaCl. Furthermore, its growth and biomass productivity were strongly reduced by nitrogen depletion, and its lipid production reached 47.64% DW at 3.52 mM NaNO3. As for Chlamydomonas debaryana, a substantial reduction in growth was induced by nutrient depletion, a maximal carbohydrate level was produced at less than 8.82 mM NaNO3 (40.59% DW). The effect of phosphorus was less significant. However, a concentration of 0.115 mM K2HPO4 increased lipid and carbohydrate content without compromising biomass productivity. The results suggest that growing the two Chlorophyceae under these conditions seems interesting for biofuel production, but the loss of biomass requires a more efficient strategy to maximize lipid and carbohydrate accumulation without loss of productivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bouchra Assobhi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Conservation and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Houda Ennasry
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Conservation and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Salma Latique
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Conservation and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Kara
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Conservation and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Alaoui Mhamdi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Conservation and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Jamila Bahhou
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Conservation and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zuo Y, Liu H, Li B, Zhao H, Li X, Chen J, Wang L, Zheng Q, He Y, Zhang J, Wang M, Liang C, Wang L. The Idesia polycarpa genome provides insights into its evolution and oil biosynthesis. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113909. [PMID: 38451814 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The deciduous tree Idesia polycarpa can provide premium edible oil with high polyunsaturated fatty acid contents. Here, we generate its high-quality reference genome, which is ∼1.21 Gb, comprising 21 pseudochromosomes and 42,086 protein-coding genes. Phylogenetic and genomic synteny analyses show that it diverged with Populus trichocarpa about 16.28 million years ago. Notably, most fatty acid biosynthesis genes are not only increased in number in its genome but are also highly expressed in the fruits. Moreover, we identify, through genome-wide association analysis and RNA sequencing, the I. polycarpa SUGAR TRANSPORTER 5 (IpSTP5) gene as a positive regulator of high oil accumulation in the fruits. Silencing of IpSTP5 by virus-induced gene silencing causes a significant reduction of oil content in the fruits, suggesting it has the potential to be used as a molecular marker to breed the high-oil-content cultivars. Our results collectively lay the foundation for breeding the elite cultivars of I. polycarpa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Hongbing Liu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Xiuli Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Jiating Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Qingbo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yuqing He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100093, China; Academician Workstation of Agricultural High-Tech Industrial Area of the Yellow River Delta, National Center of Technology Innovation for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land, Dongying 257300, China
| | - Jiashuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Minxian Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chengzhi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100093, China; Academician Workstation of Agricultural High-Tech Industrial Area of the Yellow River Delta, National Center of Technology Innovation for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land, Dongying 257300, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Najar-Almanzor CE, Velasco-Iglesias KD, Nunez-Ramos R, Uribe-Velázquez T, Solis-Bañuelos M, Fuentes-Carrasco OJ, Chairez I, García-Cayuela T, Carrillo-Nieves D. Microalgae-assisted green bioremediation of food-processing wastewater: A sustainable approach toward a circular economy concept. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118774. [PMID: 37619389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater disposal is a major environmental issue that pollutes water, causing eutrophication, habitat destruction, and economic impact. In Mexico, food-processing effluents pose a huge environmental threat due to their excessive nutrient content and their large volume discharged every year. Some of the most harmful residues are tequila vinasses, nejayote, and cheese whey. Each liter of tequila generates 13-15 L of vinasses, each kilogram of cheese produces approximately 9 kg of cheese whey, and each kilogram of nixtamalized maize results in the production of 2.5-3.3 L of nejayote. A promising strategy to reduce the contamination derived from wastewater is through microalgae-based wastewater treatment. Microalgae have a high adaptability to hostile environments and they can feed on the nutrients in the effluents to grow. Moreover, to increase the viability, profitability, and value of wastewater treatments, a microalgae biorefinery could be proposed. This review will focus on the circular bioeconomy scheme focused on the simultaneous food-processing wastewater treatment and its use to grow microalgae biomass to produce added-value compounds. This strategy allows for the revalorization of wastewater, decreases contamination of water sources, and produces valuable compounds that promote human health such as phycobiliproteins, carotenoids, omega-3 fatty acids, exopolysaccharides, mycosporine-like amino acids, and as a source of clean energy: biodiesel, biogas, and bioethanol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cesar E Najar-Almanzor
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. General Ramón Corona No. 2514, 45201, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico
| | - Karla D Velasco-Iglesias
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. General Ramón Corona No. 2514, 45201, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico
| | - Regina Nunez-Ramos
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. General Ramón Corona No. 2514, 45201, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico
| | - Tlalli Uribe-Velázquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. General Ramón Corona No. 2514, 45201, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico
| | - Minerva Solis-Bañuelos
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. General Ramón Corona No. 2514, 45201, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico
| | - Oscar J Fuentes-Carrasco
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. General Ramón Corona No. 2514, 45201, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico
| | - Isaac Chairez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. General Ramón Corona No. 2514, 45201, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for the Sustainable Manufacturing, Av. General Ramón Corona No. 2514, 45201, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico
| | - Tomás García-Cayuela
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. General Ramón Corona No. 2514, 45201, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico
| | - Danay Carrillo-Nieves
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. General Ramón Corona No. 2514, 45201, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Su M, Bastiaens L, Verspreet J, Hayes M. Applications of Microalgae in Foods, Pharma and Feeds and Their Use as Fertilizers and Biostimulants: Legislation and Regulatory Aspects for Consideration. Foods 2023; 12:3878. [PMID: 37893770 PMCID: PMC10606004 DOI: 10.3390/foods12203878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are a rich resource of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and pigments with nutritional and health benefits. They increasingly find use as ingredients in functional foods and feeds as well as in cosmetics and agricultural products including biostimulants. One of their distinct advantages is their ability to grow on wastewaters and other waste streams, and they are considered an environmentally friendly and cheap method to recover nutrients and remove pollutants from the environment. However, there are limits concerning their applications if grown on certain waste streams. Within, we collate an overview of existing algal applications and current market scenarios for microalgal products as foods and feeds along with relevant legislative requirements concerning their use in Europe and the United States. Microalgal compounds of interest and their extraction and processing methodologies are summarized, and the benefits and caveats of microalgae cultivated in various waste streams and their applications are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Su
- The Food BioSciences Department Ashtown, Teagasc Food Research Centre, 15D05 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Leen Bastiaens
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Joran Verspreet
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Maria Hayes
- The Food BioSciences Department Ashtown, Teagasc Food Research Centre, 15D05 Dublin, Ireland;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Thabet J, Elleuch J, Martínez F, Abdelkafi S, Hernández LE, Fendri I. Characterization of cellular toxicity induced by sub-lethal inorganic mercury in the marine microalgae Chlorococcum dorsiventrale isolated from a metal-polluted coastal site. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 338:139391. [PMID: 37414298 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a global pollutant that affects numerous marine aquatic ecosystems. We isolated Chlorococcum dorsiventrale Ch-UB5 microalga from coastal areas of Tunisia suffering from metal pollution and analyzed its tolerance to Hg. This strain accumulated substantial amounts of Hg and was able to remove up to 95% of added metal after 24 and 72 h in axenic cultures. Mercury led to lesser biomass growth, higher cell aggregation, significant inhibition of photochemical activity, and appearance of oxidative stress and altered redox enzymatic activities, with proliferation of starch granules and neutral lipids vesicles. Such changes matched the biomolecular profile observed using Fourier Transformed Infrared spectroscopy, with remarkable spectral changes corresponding to lipids, proteins and carbohydrates. C. dorsiventrale accumulated the chloroplastic heat shock protein HSP70B and the autophagy-related ATG8 protein, probably to counteract the toxic effects of Hg. However, long-term treatments (72 h) usually resulted in poorer physiological and metabolic responses, associated with acute stress. C. dorsiventrale has potential use for Hg phycoremediation in marine ecosystems, with the ability to accumulating energetic reserves that could be used for biofuel production, supporting the notion of using of C. dorsiventrale for sustainable green chemistry in parallel to metal removal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihen Thabet
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétales Appliquées à l'Amélioration des Cultures, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia; Laboratory of Plant Physiology-Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Darwin 2, ES28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jihen Elleuch
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Flor Martínez
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology-Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Darwin 2, ES28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Slim Abdelkafi
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Luis Eduardo Hernández
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology-Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Darwin 2, ES28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Imen Fendri
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétales Appliquées à l'Amélioration des Cultures, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sarkar S, Bhowmick TK, Gayen K. Enhancement for the synthesis of bio-energy molecules (carbohydrates and lipids) in Desmodesmus subspicatus: experiments and optimization techniques. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 54:343-357. [PMID: 37531084 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2241898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are regarded as renewable resources of energy, foods and high-valued compounds using a biorefinery approach. In the present study, we explored isolated microalgae (Desmodesmus subspicatus) for the production of bio-energy molecules (carbohydrate and lipid). Optimizations of media (BG-11) components have been made using the Taguchi orthogonal array (TOA) technique to maximize biomass, carbohydrate and lipid production. Optimized results showed that biomass, carbohydrates and lipid productivity increased by 1.3 times at optimal combinations of media components than standard BG-11 media. Further, the influence of various carbon and nitrogen sources as nutritional supplement with optimum media composition under different light intensities was investigated for productivity of carbohydrate and lipid. Results demonstrated that 1.5 times higher productivity of carbohydrate and lipids were achieved in the presence optimum BG-11 under a broad range of light intensities (84-504 µmol m-2 s-1). Among different nitrogen sources, glycine was found to give higher productivity (1.5 times) followed by urea. Use of the cellulose as a carbon source in the media significantly increases biomass (2.4 times), carbohydrates (2.3 times) and lipids (2.3 times) productivity. Investigations revealed that cultivating Desmodesmus subspicatus under optimum culture conditions has the potential for large-scale bio-ethanol and bio-diesel production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sreya Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala, West Tripura, Tripura, India
| | - Tridib Kumar Bhowmick
- Department of Bioengineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala, West Tripura, Tripura, India
| | - Kalyan Gayen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala, West Tripura, Tripura, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jiang L, Yu S, Chen H, Pei H. Enhanced phycocyanin production from Spirulina subsalsa via freshwater and marine cultivation with optimized light source and temperature. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 378:129009. [PMID: 37011840 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
To find out optimum and cost-efficient strategy for phycocyanin production, the effect of light source and temperature on Spirulina subsalsa growth were studied in chemically defined freshwater medium and seawater supplied with wastewater from glutamic acid fermentation tank. Maximum growth rate and the highest phycocyanin content were obtained by 35 °C and green light, respectively. A two-stage cultivation strategy was proposed and applied, which combines biomass accumulation at 35 °C and phycocyanin synthesis simulated under green light. As a result, phycocyanin production reached 70 mg/L/d and 11 mg/L/d from freshwater and seawater medium, respectively. With all tested conditions, a strong correlation between biomass and phycocyanin/chlorophyll ratio, rather than phycocyanin, revealed the dependence of Spirulina subsalsa growth on coordinating regulation of photosynthetic pigments. The relationship between growth and phycocyanin production under various light and temperature can be a good basis for improving phycocyanin production from Spirulina subsalsa with or without freshwater consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Jiang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Siteng Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Huiying Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Haiyan Pei
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan 250061, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai 202162, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kim JH, Park EJ, Choi JI. Overexpression of putative glutathione peroxidase from Neopyropia-associated microorganisms in Chlamydomonas to respond to abiotic stress. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:163. [PMID: 37010660 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03507-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Lipid accumulation in microalgae can be substantially enhanced by exposing the microalgae to abiotic stress, thus increasing biofuel production. However, this also generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), which disrupts cell metabolism and reduces their productivity. Previous mRNA sequencing analyses in Neopyropia yezoensis and its associated microorganisms elucidated a putative glutathione peroxidase (PuGPx) gene. Here, this putative glutathione peroxidase was overexpressed in the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, which increased cell growth and survival rates compared to the control group under abiotic stress. Additionally, increased lipid accumulation was observed under salinity stress, high-temperature stress, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress. These results suggest that PuGPx plays a protective role against abiotic stress in C. reinhardtii and stimulates lipid accumulation, which could be considered advantageous in terms of biofuel production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hyeon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jeong Park
- Aquatic Plant Variety Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Mokpo, 58746, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Il Choi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
De Bhowmick G, Guieysse B, Everett DW, Reis MG, Thum C. Novel source of microalgal lipids for infant formula. Trends Food Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
|
11
|
Kumar L, Mohan L, Anand R, Joshi V, Chugh M, Bharadvaja N. A review on unit operations, challenges, opportunities, and strategies to improve algal based biodiesel and biorefinery. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2022.998289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, the demand for energy is increasing with an emphasis on green fuels for a sustainable future. As the urge for alternative fuels is accelerating, microalgae have emerged as a promising source that can not only produce high lipid but many other platform chemicals. Moreover, it is a better alternative in comparison to conventional feedstock due to yearlong easy and mass cultivation, carbon fixation, and value-added products extraction. To date, numerous studies have been done to elucidate these organisms for large-scale fuel production. However, enhancing the lipid synthesis rate and reducing the production cost still remain a major bottleneck for its economic viability. Therefore, this study compiles information on algae-based biodiesel production with an emphasis on its unit operations from strain selection to biofuel production. Additionally, strategies to enhance lipid accumulation by incorporating genetic, and metabolic engineering and the use of leftover biomass for harnessing bio-products have been discussed. Besides, implementing a biorefinery for extracting oil followed by utilizing leftover biomass to generate value-added products such as nanoparticles, biofertilizers, biochar, and biopharmaceuticals has also been discussed.
Collapse
|
12
|
Lo E, Arora N, Philippidis GP. Physiological insights into enhanced lipid accumulation and temperature tolerance by Tetraselmis suecica ultraviolet mutants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 839:156361. [PMID: 35640758 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High outdoor temperatures significantly inhibit the growth and lipid production of the industrially promising marine microalga Tetraselmis suecica, which is viewed as a potential feedstock for high-value bioproducts and biofuels. To overcome this limitation, T. suecica was subjected to ultraviolet irradiation to generate mutants capable of being productive at higher temperatures. The top two high-lipid mutants UV-25 and UV-31 isolated at 25 °C and 31 °C, respectively, were compared to the wild type (WT) to delineate physiological alterations and shed light on the mutants' increased biomass and lipid productivity. At 25 °C, UV-25 and UV-31 exhibited lipid productivity of 36.12 and 31.33 mg/L day, which were 1.4- and 1.2-fold higher than WT, respectively. This increase in lipid biosynthesis correlated well with increased carotenoid content in UV-25 (2.2-fold) and UV-31 (3.6-fold), indicating an improved capacity to quench reactive oxygen species. At 31 °C, the growth and lipid accumulation of UV-31 remained high, signifying adaptation to higher temperatures. This is attributed to a well-coordinated modulation of the mutant's cellular metabolism through an increase in galactose and phosphatidylglycerol levels, as well as in protein, all of which contributed to its performance at elevated temperatures. The study successfully established a UV mutagenesis strategy for producing superior- performing microalgae strains with industrially desired traits, paving the way for future outdoor cultivation deployment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enlin Lo
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Neha Arora
- Patel College of Global Sustainability, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Cell, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - George P Philippidis
- Patel College of Global Sustainability, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Choi BY, Shim D, Kong F, Auroy P, Lee Y, Li-Beisson Y, Lee Y, Yamaoka Y. The Chlamydomonas transcription factor MYB1 mediates lipid accumulation under nitrogen depletion. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:595-610. [PMID: 35383411 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae accumulate high levels of oil under stress, but the underlying biosynthetic pathways are not fully understood. We sought to identify key regulators of lipid metabolism under stress conditions. We found that the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii gene encoding the MYB-type transcription factor MYB1 is highly induced under stress conditions. Two myb1 mutants accumulated less total fatty acids and storage lipids than their parental strain upon nitrogen (N) depletion. Transcriptome analysis revealed that genes involved in lipid metabolism are highly enriched in the wild-type but not in the myb1-1 mutant after 4 h of N depletion. Among these genes were several involved in the transport of fatty acids from the chloroplast to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER): acyl-ACP thioesterase (FAT1), Fatty Acid EXporters (FAX1, FAX2), and long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase1 (LACS1). Furthermore, overexpression of FAT1 in the chloroplast increased lipid production. These results suggest that, upon N depletion, MYB1 promotes lipid accumulation by facilitating fatty acid transport from the chloroplast to the ER. This study identifies MYB1 as an important positive regulator of lipid accumulation in C. reinhardtii upon N depletion, adding another player to the established regulators of this process, including NITROGEN RESPONSE REGULATOR 1 (NRR1) and TRIACYLGLYCEROL ACCUMULATION REGULATOR 1 (TAR1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bae Young Choi
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Donghwan Shim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Fantao Kong
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Pascaline Auroy
- CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, Aix Marseille Université, CEA Cadarache, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, 13108, France
| | - Yuree Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Yonghua Li-Beisson
- CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, Aix Marseille Université, CEA Cadarache, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, 13108, France
| | - Youngsook Lee
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Yasuyo Yamaoka
- Division of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 420-743, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mensi F, Ben Ghedifa A, Rajhi H. Effects of seawater sulfur starvation and enrichment on Gracilaria gracilis growth and biochemical composition. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11095. [PMID: 35773380 PMCID: PMC9247063 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15303-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Gracilaria, largest biomass producer in coastal regions, encompasses a wide range of species including Gracilaria gracilis. Nowadays, there is a spate of interest in its culture in lagoon where the water sulfate concentration is variable. A laboratory culture was carried out to determine the sulfate concentration effect on their growth as well as their biochemical composition, which were 2.5, 27 or 50 mM, referred to as SSS (sulfur starved seawater), SW (seawater) and SES (sulfur enriched seawater).We found that the sulfate content of the surrounding medium is a key parameter influencing both the alga growth and its composition. However, seawater proved to be the most suitable environment to sustain alga growth, proteins, R-phycoerythrin and agar yields, but sulfur enrichment and starvation affects them. The sulfate degree of agar and therefore its quality is related to the medium sulfate concentration. We conclude that sulfur starvation (2.5 mM) for three weeks, led to severe growth retardation, lower agar yield and quality and indicated the limit potential of G. gracilis for mariculture under these conditions. These results demonstrated that the success of G. gracilis culture in the lagoon is feasible if sulfate concentration is closer to that of seawater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fethi Mensi
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer-Centre Kheiredine, 29 Rue Général Kheiredine, 2015, Le Kram, Tunisie.
| | - Aziz Ben Ghedifa
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer-Centre Kheiredine, 29 Rue Général Kheiredine, 2015, Le Kram, Tunisie
| | - Hayfa Rajhi
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer-Centre Kheiredine, 29 Rue Général Kheiredine, 2015, Le Kram, Tunisie
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhou W, Ji X, Zheng L, Yang G, Liu T. Producing high value unsaturated fatty acid by whole-cell catalysis using microalga: A case study with Tribonema minus. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:2482-2493. [PMID: 35680651 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
High value unsaturated fatty acids can be produced by de novo synthesis in microalgal cells, especially via heterotrophic cultivation. Unfortunately, the lipid accumulation of heterotrophic microalgae cannot be improved efficiently in conventional ways. Here we reported heterotrophic Tribonema minus, a promising resource for the production of palmitoleic acid which has increasing demands in health service for patients with metabolic syndrome, as whole-cell biocatalyst to develop a novel way of shifting low value exogenous saturated fatty acids to high value ones. Results showed that myristic acid is the best precursor for whole-cell catalysis; it elevated the lipid content of T. minus to 42.2%, the highest among the tried precursors. The influences of cultivation condition on the utilization of extrinsic myristic acid and lipid accumulation were also determined. Under the optimized condition, the lipid content reached as high as 48.9%. In addition, our findings showed that ~13.0% of C16:1 in T. minus is derived from extrinsic myristic acid, and 30.1% of metabolized precursor is converted into heterologous fatty acids. Thus, a feasible approach for both increasing the value of low value saturated fatty acid by bioconversion and enhancing the lipid accumulation in microalgae is proposed by supplementing extrinsic myristic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhou
- Microalgae Biotechnology Group, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Bioenergy Division, Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaotong Ji
- Microalgae Biotechnology Group, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Bioenergy Division, Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, China.,School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Guanpin Yang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Tianzhong Liu
- Microalgae Biotechnology Group, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Bioenergy Division, Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jain P, Minhas AK, Shukla S, Puri M, Barrow CJ, Mandal S. Bioprospecting Indigenous Marine Microalgae for Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Under Different Media Conditions. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:842797. [PMID: 35372289 PMCID: PMC8971906 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.842797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine microalgae produce a number of valuable compounds that have significant roles in the pharmaceutical, biomedical, nutraceutical, and food industries. Although there are numerous microalgal germplasms available in the marine ecosystem, only a small number of strains have been recognized for their commercial potential. In this study, several indigenous microalgal strains were isolated from the coast of the Arabian Sea for exploring the presence and production of high-value compounds such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). PUFAs are essential fatty acids with multiple health benefits. Based on their high PUFA content, two isolated strains were identified by ITS sequencing and selected for further studies to enhance PUFAs. From molecular analysis, it was found both the strains were green microalgae: one of them was a Chlorella sp., while the other was a Planophila sp. The two isolated strains, together with a control strain known for yielding high levels of PUFAs, Nannochloropsis oculata, were grown in three different nutrient media for PUFA augmentation. The relative content of α-linolenic acid (ALA) as a percentage of total fatty acids reached a maximum of 50, 36, and 50%, respectively, in Chlorella sp., Planophila sp., and N. oculata. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in exploring fatty acids in Planophila sp. The obtained results showed a higher PUFA content, particularly α-linolenic acid at low nutrients in media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanshu Jain
- TERI Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, Sustainable Agriculture Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, India.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Amritpreet Kaur Minhas
- TERI Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, Sustainable Agriculture Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sadhana Shukla
- TERI Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, Sustainable Agriculture Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Munish Puri
- Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Colin J Barrow
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Shovon Mandal
- TERI Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, Sustainable Agriculture Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Carro MDLM, Gonorazky G, Soto D, Mamone L, Bagnato C, Pagnussat LA, Beligni MV. Expression of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplast diacylglycerol acyltransferase 3 is induced by light in concert with triacylglycerol accumulation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:262-276. [PMID: 35043497 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Considerable progress has been made towards the understanding of triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation in algae. One key aspect is finding conditions that trigger TAG production without reducing cell division. Previously, we identified a soluble diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT), related to plant DGAT3, with heterologous DGAT activity. In this work, we demonstrate that Chlamydomonas reinhardtii DGAT3 localizes to the chloroplast and that its expression is induced by light, in correspondence with TAG accumulation. Dgat3 mRNAs and TAGs increase in both wild-type and starch-deficient cells grown with acetate upon transferring them from dark or low light to higher light levels, albeit affected by the particularities of each strain. The response of dgat3 mRNAs and TAGs to light depends on the pre-existing levels of TAGs, suggesting the existence of a negative regulatory loop in the synthesis pathway, although an effect of TAG turnover cannot be ruled out. Altogether, these results hint towards a possible role of DGAT3 in light-dependent TAG accumulation in C. reinhardtii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María de Las Mercedes Carro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas (IIB-CONICET-UNMdP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, B7608FBY, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Gonorazky
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas (IIB-CONICET-UNMdP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, B7608FBY, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Débora Soto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas (IIB-CONICET-UNMdP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, B7608FBY, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Leandro Mamone
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas (IIB-CONICET-UNMdP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, B7608FBY, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Carolina Bagnato
- Instituto de Energía y Desarrollo Sustentable (IEDS), Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Centro Atómico Bariloche, 8400, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Luciana A Pagnussat
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, B7620EMA, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - María Verónica Beligni
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas (IIB-CONICET-UNMdP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, B7608FBY, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ajayan KV, Saranya K, Harilal CC. Indole-3-butyric acid mediated growth and biochemical enhancement in three Selenastracean green microalgae under limited supply of nitrogen source. J Biotechnol 2022; 351:60-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
19
|
Zhou X, Zhou D, Bao X, Zhang Y, Zhou J, Xin F, Zhang W, Qian X, Dong W, Jiang M, Ochsenreither K. Production of palmitoleic acid by oleaginous yeast Scheffersomyces segobiensis DSM 27193 using systematic dissolved oxygen regulation strategy. Chin J Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2022.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
20
|
Lo E, Arora N, Philippidis GP. Deciphering metabolic alterations in algae cultivated in spent media as means for enhancing algal biorefinery sustainability. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:125890. [PMID: 34543816 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The recycling of unfiltered spent media during cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris was studied using metabolomics in an effort to enhance water and nutrient sustainability and reduce operating costs in algal biorefineries. Cultivation in spent media resulted in reduced biomass and lipid productivity by 14% and 19%, respectively, compared to fresh media. The decrease was related to a detected lower nutrient uptake. Nevertheless, carbohydrate content (28% of dry cell weight) and α-linolenic acid content (27 % of fatty acids) were higher in spent media cultures than in fresh media. Metabolomics analysis of intracellular metabolites revealed downregulation of nitrogen assimilation, tricarboxylic acid cycle, structural lipids, and energy metabolism, but upregulation of stress mitigation and carbohydrate synthesis. No growth was supported by spent media during a second cultivation cycle and was likely due to the identified extracellular accumulation of humic acid and free fatty acids that acted as growth auto-inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enlin Lo
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Patel College of Global Sustainability, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Neha Arora
- Patel College of Global Sustainability, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - George P Philippidis
- Patel College of Global Sustainability, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xue Z, Li S, Yu W, Gao X, Zheng X, Yu Y, Kou X. Research advancement and commercialization of microalgae edible oil: a review. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:5763-5774. [PMID: 34148229 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The global food crisis has led to a great deal of attention being given to microalgal oil as a sustainable natural food source. This article provides an overview of the progress and future directions in promoting the commercialization of microalgal edible oils, including microalgal triglyceride accumulation, suitable edible oil culture strategies for high nutritional value, metabolic engineering, production, and downstream technologies. The integration of the production process, biosafety, and the economic sustainability of microalgal oil production are analyzed for their critical roles in the commercialization of microalgal edible oil to provide a theoretical and scientific basis for the comprehensive development and utilization of microalgal edible oil. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Xue
- Functional Food Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shihao Li
- Functional Food Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wancong Yu
- Medicinal Plant Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Institute, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Functional Food Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Zheng
- Functional Food Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Functional Food Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohong Kou
- Functional Food Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Fattore N, Bellan A, Pedroletti L, Vitulo N, Morosinotto T. Acclimation of photosynthesis and lipids biosynthesis to prolonged nitrogen and phosphorus limitation in Nannochloropsis gaditana. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
23
|
Slocombe SP, Huete-Ortega M, Kapoore RV, Okurowska K, Mair A, Day JG, Stanley MS, Vaidyanathan S. Enabling large-scale production of algal oil in continuous output mode. iScience 2021; 24:102743. [PMID: 34278255 PMCID: PMC8264157 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale algal oil production requires continuous outputs and a trade-off between growth and oil content. Two unrelated marine algae (Nannochloropsis oceanica [CCAP 849/10] and Chlorella vulgaris [CCAP 211/21A]) that showed high oil production under batch culture were studied under controlled semicontinuous cultivation conditions. Three essential attributes maximized oil productivity: (i) downregulation of cell size to maximize light absorption under N limitation; (ii) low nutrient-depletion thresholds to trigger oil induction; (iii) a means of carbohydrate suppression in favor of oil. N. oceanica responded better to input N/P variations and is more suited to continuous oil production. A low N/P ratio was effective in both suppressing carbohydrate and reducing cell size concomitant with oil production. In C. vulgaris, nutrient starvation thresholds for oil were higher and carbohydrate was preferentially induced, which impeded stress-level optimization for oil. These differences, which impact continuous oil production at scale, are driven by species adaptation to specific marine habitats. VIDEO ABSTRACT VIDEO ABSTRACT
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P. Slocombe
- The Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA, UK
| | - Maria Huete-Ortega
- Advanced Biomanufacturing Centre, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, ChELSI Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Rahul Vijay Kapoore
- Advanced Biomanufacturing Centre, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, ChELSI Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Katarzyna Okurowska
- Advanced Biomanufacturing Centre, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, ChELSI Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Alison Mair
- The Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA, UK
| | - John G. Day
- The Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA, UK
| | - Michele S. Stanley
- The Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA, UK
| | - Seetharaman Vaidyanathan
- Advanced Biomanufacturing Centre, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, ChELSI Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chen H, Wang Q. Regulatory mechanisms of lipid biosynthesis in microalgae. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:2373-2391. [PMID: 34101323 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal lipids are highly promising feedstocks for biofuel production. Microalgal lipids, especially triacylglycerol, and practical applications of these compounds have received increasing attention in recent years. For the commercial use of microalgal lipids to be feasible, many fundamental biological questions must be addressed based on detailed studies of algal biology, including how lipid biosynthesis occurs and is regulated. Here, we review the current understanding of microalgal lipid biosynthesis, with a focus on the underlying regulatory mechanisms. We also present possible solutions for overcoming various obstacles to understanding the basic biology of microalgal lipid biosynthesis and the practical application of microalgae-based lipids. This review will provide a theoretical reference for both algal researchers and decision makers regarding the future directions of microalgal research, particularly pertaining to microalgal-based lipid biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kim ZH, Kim K, Park H, Lee CS, Nam SW, Yim KJ, Jung JY, Hong SJ, Lee CG. Enhanced Fatty Acid Productivity by Parachlorella sp., a Freshwater Microalga, via Adaptive Laboratory Evolution Under Salt Stress. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-020-0001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
26
|
El Baky HHA, El Baroty GS, Mostafa EM. Optimization Growth of Spirulina (Arthrospira) Platensis in Photobioreactor Under Varied Nitrogen Concentration for Maximized Biomass, Carotenoids and Lipid Contents. Recent Pat Food Nutr Agric 2021; 11:40-48. [PMID: 30588890 DOI: 10.2174/2212798410666181227125229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND BACKGROUND Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis (SP) microalgae were cultured in Zarrouk Medium (ZM), containing three nitrogen concentrations (N-limited, N-optimal and Nrich medium) in ten liter-photo-bioreactor (10 L PBR) for 15-days, in order to study changes in lipid compounds (total carotenoids and total lipids and their effect on fatty acid profile). Based on US patent, the yield of bioactive compounds (such as gamma-linolenic acid GLA, C18:3) extracted from microalgae biomass, mainly depends on the extraction processes (1). GLA has much attention with respect to its therapeutic properties such as its ability to decrease blood cholesterol levels. METHODS The impact of the addition of N in cultures of S. platensis in terms of growth, biomasses and induced lipid compounds (total carotenoids and total lipid contents and its fatty acid profile), as well as the Sonication (SON) and Microwave (MIC) process as aiding techniques for lipid extraction compared with a Cold Condition (COL), was examined. GC/MS method was used to determine the fatty acid profile of lipid extract of SP cultures. RESULTS In all S. platensis tested culture, the SP was growing successfully, with varying degrees. In N-rich media, the highest cell growth rate and biomass yield were obtained compared with that recorded in other cultures. Under an N-limited condition, SP had higher Total Carotenoids (TCAR, 45.54 mg/g dw) and total lipid contents (TL, 29.51%± 1.92 g/100g dw) compared with that recorded either in N-rich (11.2 mg/g dw) or in N-optimal (6.23 mg/g dw) cultures. Thus, SP copes with the N -stress by altering the metabolic pathways towards inducing lipid biosynthesis. To maximize the TL and TCAR extraction yields, from N-limited cultures, a set of operating process was applied including the Sonication (SON) and Microwave (MIC), which were used as aiding techniques for lipid extraction compared with the Cold Condition (COL) techniques. The results showed that the extraction efficiency of the S. platensis TL increased in the following order: MIC (29.51%± 1.92) > SON (25.46% ± 1.65> COL (20.43% ±1.43). In a comparative study for its fatty acid profiles (FAPs) among all SP cultures, lipids were analyzed by GC/MS. The predominant fatty acids (>10%, of total FA) were found to be myristic acid (C14:0, MA), palmitic acid (C16:0, PA) and oleic acid (C18:1). CONCLUSION The study concluded that the N-limited condition was found to have a strong influence on biomass dry weight and lipid contents and total carotenoids in SP cells compared to either Nrich or N-optimal conditions. The use of sonication and the microwave techniques lead to a great increase in the extraction of lipid contents and in high amount Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) in N-limited cultures, in particular, the omega-6 (ω 6) and omega-3 (ω 3) of the essential C18 fatty acids. It seems that the SP rich in lipid content with a high amount of GLC produced under nitrogen limitation in PBR conditions can be used as a food additive or as a nutritional supplement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa H Abd El Baky
- Plant Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gamal S El Baroty
- Biochemistry Department of, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Enas M Mostafa
- Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering Pilot plant unit at National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Enhanced fatty acid methyl esters recovery through a simple and rapid direct transesterification of freshly harvested biomass of Chlorella vulgaris and Messastrum gracile. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2720. [PMID: 33526809 PMCID: PMC7851148 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81609-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional microalgae oil extraction applies physicochemical destruction of dry cell biomass prior to transesterification process to produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). This report presents a simple and rapid direct transesterification (DT) method for FAMEs production and fatty acid profiling of microalgae using freshly harvested biomass. Results revealed that the FAMEs recovered from Chlorella vulgaris were 50.1 and 68.3 mg with conventional oil-extraction-transesterification (OET) and DT method, respectively. While for Messastrum gracile, the FAMEs recovered, were 49.9 and 76.3 mg, respectively with OET and DT methods. This demonstrated that the DT method increased FAMEs recovery by 36.4% and 53.0% from C. vulgaris and M. gracile, respectively, as compared to OET method. Additionally, the DT method recovered a significantly higher amount of palmitic (C16:0) and stearic (C18:0) acids from both species, which indicated the important role of these fatty acids in the membranes of cells and organelles. The DT method performed very well using a small volume (5 mL) of fresh biomass coupled with a shorter reaction time (~ 15 min), thus making real-time monitoring of FAMEs and fatty acid accumulation in microalgae culture feasible.
Collapse
|
28
|
Xing G, Li J, Li W, Lam SM, Yuan H, Shui G, Yang J. AP2/ERF and R2R3-MYB family transcription factors: potential associations between temperature stress and lipid metabolism in Auxenochlorella protothecoides. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:22. [PMID: 33451355 PMCID: PMC7811268 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01881-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both APETALA2/Ethylene Responsive Factor (AP2/ERF) superfamily and R2R3-MYB family were from one of the largest diverse families of transcription factors (TFs) in plants, and played important roles in plant development and responses to various stresses. However, no systematic analysis of these TFs had been conducted in the green algae A. protothecoides heretofore. Temperature was a critical factor affecting growth and lipid metabolism of A. protothecoides. It also remained largely unknown whether these TFs would respond to temperature stress and be involved in controlling lipid metabolism process. RESULTS Hereby, a total of six AP2 TFs, six ERF TFs and six R2R3-MYB TFs were identified and their expression profiles were also analyzed under low-temperature (LT) and high-temperature (HT) stresses. Meanwhile, differential adjustments of lipid pathways were triggered, with enhanced triacylglycerol accumulation. A co-expression network was built between these 18 TFs and 32 lipid-metabolism-related genes, suggesting intrinsic associations between TFs and the regulatory mechanism of lipid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS This study represented an important first step towards identifying functions and roles of AP2 superfamily and R2R3-MYB family in lipid adjustments and response to temperature stress. These findings would facilitate the biotechnological development in microalgae-based biofuel production and the better understanding of photosynthetic organisms' adaptive mechanism to temperature stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanlan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Jinyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Wenli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Sin Man Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Hongli Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Guanghou Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Jinshui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chungjatupornchai W, Fa-Aroonsawat S. Enhanced triacylglycerol production in oleaginous microalga Neochloris oleoabundans by co-overexpression of lipogenic genes: Plastidial LPAAT1 and ER-located DGAT2. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 131:124-130. [PMID: 33069576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae accumulate lipid triacylglycerol (TAG), a promising feedstock for production of natural edible oils and biofuels. To make products derived from microalgal TAG economically viable, increasing TAG content and productivity are of high importance. To increase TAG content, two endogenous key enzymes of TAG biosynthesis: plastidial lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (NeoLPAAT1) and endoplasmic reticulum-located diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (NeoDGAT2) were co-overexpressed in oleaginous microalga Neochloris oleoabundans. The neutral lipid content in NeoLPAAT1-NeoDGAT2 co-overexpressing transformant detected by Nile red staining increased 2-fold without compromising cell growth. The transcriptional levels of NeoLPAAT1 and NeoDGAT2 levels were 1.9-fold higher in the transformant than wild type. Considerably higher lipid accumulation was found in the transformant than wild type: total lipid content (73.72 ± 4.17 % DCW) increased 1.6-fold, TAG content (50.63 ± 6.15 % DCW) increased 2.1-fold, total lipid productivity (16.84 ± 0.66 mg/L/day) increased 1.9-fold, and TAG productivity (11.68 ± 0.90 mg/L/day) increased 2.1-fold. Fatty acid composition was slightly altered in the transformant compared to wild type; saturated fatty acid C16:0 increased to 26% from 20%, whereas C18:0 was reduced to 7% from 14%. Long-term stability of NeoLPAAT1-NeoDGAT2 co-overexpression was observed in the transformant continuously maintained on solid medium in a period of 4 years. The results suggested that targeted engineering of genes in pathway located at different organelles should be possible in microalgal lipid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wipa Chungjatupornchai
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Sirirat Fa-Aroonsawat
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hwangbo M, Chu KH. Recent advances in production and extraction of bacterial lipids for biofuel production. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 734:139420. [PMID: 32464391 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-based biofuel is a clean and renewable energy that has been recognized as a promising replacement for petroleum-based fuels. Lipid-based biofuel can be made from three different types of intracellular biolipids; triacylglycerols (TAGs), wax esters (WEs), and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). Among many lipid-producing prokaryotes and eukaryotes, biolipids from prokaryotes have been recently highlighted due to simple cultivation of lipid-producing prokaryotes and their ability to accumulate high biolipid contents. However, the cost of lipid-based biofuel production remains high, in part, because of high cost of lipid extraction processes. This review summarizes the production mechanisms of these different types of biolipids from prokaryotes and extraction methods for these biolipids. Traditional and improved physical/chemical approaches for biolipid extraction remain costly, and these methods are summarized and compared in this review. Recent advances in biological lipid extraction including phage-based cell lysis or secretion of biolipids are also discussed. These new techniques are promising for bacterial biolipids extraction. Challenges and future research needs for cost-effective lipid extraction are identified in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myung Hwangbo
- Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3136, USA
| | - Kung-Hui Chu
- Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3136, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
León-Saiki GM, Carreres BM, Remmers IM, Wijffels RH, Martins dos Santos VA, van der Veen D, Schaap PJ, Suarez-Diez M, Martens DE. Evaluation of diurnal responses of Tetradesmus obliquus under nitrogen limitation. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
32
|
Gupta J, Gupta R. Nutraceutical Status and Scientific Strategies for Enhancing Production of Omega-3 Fatty Acids from Microalgae and their Role in Healthcare. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:1616-1631. [PMID: 32619166 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200703201014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Adherence to Omega-3 fatty acids (O3FAs) as Nutraceuticals for medicinal applications provides health improvement. The prevention and treatment of diseases with O3FAs hold promise in clinical therapy and significantly reduces the risk of chronic disorders. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) O3FAs have beneficial effects in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, diabetic disease, foetal development, Alzheimer's disease, retinal problem, growth and brain development of infants and antitumor effects. Association to current analysis promotes the application of algal biomass for production of O3FAs, mode of action, fate, weight management, immune functions, pharmaceutical and therapeutic applications serving potent sources in healthcare management. A search of the literature was conducted in the databases of WHO website, Sci.org, PubMed, academics and Google. The authors performed search strategies and current scenario of O3FAs in health associated disorders. Promising outcomes and future strategies towards O3FAs may play a pivotal role in Nutraceutical industries in the cure of human health in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura-281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Reena Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura-281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
An M, Yang S, Wu H, Luo G, Li M. Recommended turbulent energy dissipation rate for biomass and lipid production of Scenedesmus obliquus in an aerated photosynthetic culture system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:26473-26483. [PMID: 32367240 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08700-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Effects of turbulent energy dissipation rate (increased from 1.28 × 10-6 to 1.67 × 10-5 m2 s-3) on Scenedesmus obliquus biomass and lipid accumulation at different aeration rates (0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, and 1.5 L min-1) were investigated. The turbulent energy dissipation rate was calculated by CFD model simulation. When the turbulent energy dissipation rate increased to 7.30 × 10-6 m2 s-3, the biomass and lipid productivity increased gradually, and finally reached their maximum values of 1.11 × 107 cells mL-1 and 16.0 mg L-1 day-1, respectively. When it exceeded 7.30 × 10-6 m2 s-3, the biomass and lipid productivity showed a decreasing trend. Therefore, the most favorable turbulent energy dissipation rate for S. obliquus growth and lipid accumulation was 7.30 × 10-6 m2 s-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei An
- Gansu Microalgae Technology Innovation Center, Key laboratory of Hexi Corridor Resources Utilization of Gansu, Hexi University, Zhangye, Gansu, 734000, People's Republic of China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Songqi Yang
- Gansu Microalgae Technology Innovation Center, Key laboratory of Hexi Corridor Resources Utilization of Gansu, Hexi University, Zhangye, Gansu, 734000, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiming Wu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghong Luo
- Gansu Microalgae Technology Innovation Center, Key laboratory of Hexi Corridor Resources Utilization of Gansu, Hexi University, Zhangye, Gansu, 734000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Vallesi A, Pucciarelli S, Buonanno F, Fontana A, Mangiagalli M. Bioactive molecules from protists: Perspectives in biotechnology. Eur J Protistol 2020; 75:125720. [PMID: 32569992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2020.125720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
For hundreds of years, mankind has benefited from the natural metabolic processes of microorganisms to obtain basic products such as fermented foods and alcoholic beverages. More recently, microorganisms have been exploited for the production of antibiotics, vitamins and enzymes to be used in medicine and chemical industries. Additionally, several modern drugs, including those for cancer therapy, are natural products or their derivatives. Protists are a still underexplored source of natural products potentially of interest for biotechnological and biomedical applications. This paper focuses on some examples of bioactive molecules from protists and associated bacteria and their possible use in biotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Vallesi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Camerino (MC), Italy.
| | - Sandra Pucciarelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Camerino (MC), Italy.
| | - Federico Buonanno
- Laboratory of Protistology and Biology Education, Department of E.C.H.T. Università degli Studi di Macerata, Macerata, Italy
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Mangiagalli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tang DYY, Khoo KS, Chew KW, Tao Y, Ho SH, Show PL. Potential utilization of bioproducts from microalgae for the quality enhancement of natural products. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 304:122997. [PMID: 32094007 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are autotroph organisms that utilise light energy to synthesize various high-value bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides, proteins and lipids. Due to its fast growth rate and capability to survive in harsh environment, microalgae nowadays are applied in various industrial areas. The process of obtaining microalgae-based biomolecules starts with the selection of suitable microalgae strain, cultivation, followed by downstream processing of the biomass (i.e., pre-treatment, harvesting, extraction and purification). The end products of the processes are biofuels and other valuable bioproducts. Nevertheless, low production yield and high-cost downstream processes are the emerging bottlenecks which need to be addressed in the upscaling of extracted compounds from microalgae biomass. To conclude, tremendous efforts are required to overcome these challenges to revolutionize microalgae into a novel and green factory of different bioactive compounds for industrial necessities to satisfy and fulfil global demands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doris Ying Ying Tang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Yang Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Piligaev AV, Sorokina KN, Samoylova YV, Parmon VN. Production of Microalgal Biomass with High Lipid Content and Their Catalytic Processing Into Biodiesel: a Review. CATALYSIS IN INDUSTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s207005041904007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
37
|
Archer L, Mc Gee D, Paskuliakova A, McCoy GR, Smyth T, Gillespie E, Touzet N. Fatty acid profiling of new Irish microalgal isolates producing the high-value metabolites EPA and DHA. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
38
|
Sabu S, Singh ISB, Joseph V. Improved lipid production in oleaginous brackish diatom Navicula phyllepta MACC8 using two-stage cultivation approach. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:437. [PMID: 31696042 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1968-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A two-stage cultivation method involving the initial growth in optimized conditions for biomass production followed by those for lipid production in oleaginous brackish diatom Navicula phyllepta MACC8 resulted in a proportional increase of lipid concentration along with biomass production. The diatom was further subjected to stress conditions by altering the nutrient components such as nitrate, phosphate, silicate, and temperature. Silicon deprivation resulted in the highest lipid percentage of 28.78% of weight at the end of the 18th day of the second stage. A significant increase in lipid content was observed on the complete removal of the nutrients silicon and urea one at a time, while the biomass showed a considerable reduction. The application of multiple nutrient stress conditions had a profound influence on the increased rate of lipid production. A combination of phosphate deprivation, silicate limitation and temperature reduction resulted in a significant increase in lipid percentage of 32.13% at the cost of reduced biomass (1.1 g L-1), whereas phosphate deprivation, urea limitation, and temperature reduction resulted in lipid percentage of 27.58% with a biomass of 1.44 g L-1 at the end of the second stage. Further, the results were supported by Nile red staining, FTIR, fatty acid profile and oxidative stress marker analyses. The changes in biochemical composition and oxidative stress parameters within the various stress conditions demonstrated the profound influence of the selected stress factors on the biodiesel productivity of the diatom, besides its stress tolerance. A two-phase culturing system, with multifactor stress application, especially nitrogen limitation along with phosphate starvation and temperature stress, would be the suitable method for gaining maximum biomass productivity and lipid content in diatom Navicula phyllepta MACC8 towards biofuel production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanyo Sabu
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala 682016 India
| | - Isaac Sarojini Bright Singh
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala 682016 India
| | - Valsamma Joseph
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala 682016 India
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zan X, Cui F, Sun J, Zhou S, Song Y. Novel Dual-Functional Enzyme Lip10 Catalyzes Lipase and Acyltransferase Activities in the Oleaginous Fungus Mucor circinelloides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:13176-13184. [PMID: 31690075 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lipases or triacylglycerol (TAG) lipases belong to the α/β-hydrolases superfamily, which are enzymes capable of catalyzing the hydrolysis of the ester bond between fatty acids and glycerol. Interestingly, some lipases have been found to not only possess hydrolysis activity but also acyltransferase activity in yeasts and microalgae. Our present study reported a novel dual-functional Mucor circinelloides lipase Lip10 with a slight lipolysis activity but a noteworthy phospholipid/diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT) activity. The purified Lip10 mutants prefer to utilize phosphatidyl serine to form TAG over phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. Site-directed mutagenesis indicated that the histidine residue in the acyltransferase motif H-(X)4-D is indispensable for the PDAT activity of Lip10. Overexpression of the acyltransferase motif of Lip10 promoted cell growth by 12% and increased lipid production by 14% compared to the control, whilst overexpression of the lipase motif induced lipid degradation in M. circinelloides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212013 , P. R. China
| | - Fengjie Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212013 , P. R. China
| | - Jianing Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212013 , P. R. China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212013 , P. R. China
| | - Yuanda Song
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science , Shandong University of Technology , Zibo 255049 , P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Choi SA, Lee SY, Lee J, Cho JM, Lee JS, Kim SW, Kim DY, Park SK, Jin CS, Oh YK. Rapid induction of edible lipids in Chlorella by mild electric stimulation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 292:121950. [PMID: 31398549 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a new stress-based method for rapid induction of triacylglycerol (TAG) and total and polyunsaturated fatty acid accumulations in Chlorella sp. by mild electric stimulation is presented. When a cathodic current of 31 mA (voltage: 4 V) was applied to the algal cells for 4 h, the TAG content of the electro-treated cells was sharply increased to a level 2.1 times that of the untreated control. The contents of the polyunsaturated linoleic (C18:2n6) and linolenic (C18:3n3) acids in the electro-treated cells were also 36 and 57% higher than those in the untreated cells, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry and various biochemical analyses indicate that TAG and fatty acid formations are electro-stimulated via de novo fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolic transformation in the Chlorella cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun-A Choi
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Gwangju 61003, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Youn Lee
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Gwangju 61003, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiye Lee
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Gwangju 61003, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Muk Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Suk Lee
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Gwangju 61003, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Wook Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Dong-Yeon Kim
- CO(2) Energy Vector Research Group, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Kook Park
- Energy ICT-ESS Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Soo Jin
- Energy ICT-ESS Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Kwan Oh
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ran W, Wang H, Liu Y, Qi M, Xiang Q, Yao C, Zhang Y, Lan X. Storage of starch and lipids in microalgae: Biosynthesis and manipulation by nutrients. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 291:121894. [PMID: 31387839 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae accumulate starch and lipid as storage metabolites under nutrient depletion, which can be used as sustainable feedstock for biorefinery. Omics analysis coupled with enzymatic and genetic verifications uncovered a partial picture of pathways and important enzymes or regulators related to starch and lipid biosynthesis as well as the carbon partitioning between them under nutrient depletion conditions. Depletion of macronutrients (N, P, and S) resulted in considerable enhancement of starch and/or lipid content in microalgae, but the accompanying declined photosynthesis hampered the achievements of high concentrations. This review summarized the current knowledge on the pathways and the committed steps as well as their carbon allocation involved in starch and lipid biosynthesis, and focused on the manipulation of different nutrients and the alleviation of oxidative stress for enhanced storage metabolites production. The biological and engineering approaches to cope with the conflict between biomass production and storage metabolites accumulation are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Ran
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
| | - Yinghui Liu
- Information Management Center of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Man Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Qi Xiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Changhong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
| | - Yongkui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Xianqiu Lan
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Benchtop flow NMR spectroscopy as an online device for the in vivo monitoring of lipid accumulation in microalgae. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
43
|
Keil T, Dittrich B, Rührer J, Morschett H, Lattermann C, Möller M, Büchs J. Polymer-based ammonium-limited fed-batch cultivation in shake flasks improves lipid productivity of the microalga Chlorella vulgaris. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 291:121821. [PMID: 31352167 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study ammonium-limited fed-batch conditions in heterotrophic C. vulgaris shake flask cultivations. Therefore, an innovative polymer-based ammonium release technique (polymer beads) was developed. Using these beads in shake flasks, C. vulgaris cultivations resulted in simultaneous growth and lipid accumulation. Lipid productivity was increased by 43% compared to batch cultivations. Furthermore, by online monitoring of the metabolic activity (RAMOS technique), unlimited growth and depletion of nutrients could be identified. A previously unknown sulfur limitation was detected in the applied Bold's Basal Medium. Combining the ammonium release beads with the RAMOS technique proved to be an efficient method for microalgae process development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Keil
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - B Dittrich
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Rührer
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - H Morschett
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - C Lattermann
- Kuhner Shaker GmbH, Kaiserstraße 100, 52134 Herzogenrath, Germany
| | - M Möller
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Textile and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Büchs
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
An effective approach of bacterial siderophore as nitrogen source triggering the desired biochemical changes in microalgae Chlorella variabilis ATCC 12198. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
45
|
Oh SH, Chang YK, Lee JH. Identification of significant proxy variable for the physiological status affecting salt stress-induced lipid accumulation in Chlorella sorokiniana HS1. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:242. [PMID: 31632454 PMCID: PMC6790037 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1582-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current efforts on the optimization of the two-stage cultivation using stress-induced lipid accumulation have mostly focused only on the lipid induction stage. Although recent studies have shown that stress-induced lipid accumulation is affected by the physiological status of the cells harvested at the preceding cultivation stage, this issue has hardly been examined hitherto. Such a study needs to be carried out in a systematic way in order to induce lipid accumulation in a consistent and predictable manner with regard for variances seen at the cultivation stage. RESULTS After a photoautotrophic cultivation of Chlorella sorokiniana HS1 in a modified BG11, harvested cells were re-suspended in the fresh medium, and then NaCl was added as the sole stress inducer with light illumination to induce additional accumulation of lipid. Effects of culture temperature on the lipid accumulation were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test. From the microscopic observation, we had observed a definite increase in lipid body induced by the stress since the cell entered a stationary phase. A multiple linear regression model was developed so as to identify significant parameters to be included for the estimation of lipid induction. As a result, several key parameters at the end of cultivation, such as cell weight, total lipid content, chlorophyll a in a cell, and Fv/Fm, were identified as the important proxy variables for the cell's physiological status, and the modeling accuracy was achieved by 87.6%. In particular, the variables related to Fv/Fm were shown to have the largest influence, accounting for 65.7% of the total variance, and the Fv/Fm had an optimal point of maximum induction at below its average. Clustering analysis using the K-means algorithm indicated that the algae which are 0.15 pg cell-1 or less in chlorophyll concentration, regardless of other conditions, had achieved high induction results. CONCLUSION Experimental results showed that it usually achieves high lipid induction after the cells naturally end their division and begin to synthesize lipid. The amount of lipid induction could be estimated by the selected proxy variables, and the estimation method can be adapted according to practical situations such as those with limited measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hwan Oh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Keun Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701 Republic of Korea
- Advanced Biomass R&D Center, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Jay Hyung Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Hou J, Feng X, Jiang M, Wang Q, Cui C, Sun C, Hussain MA, Jiang L, Jiang Z, Li A. Effect of NaCl on oxidative stability and protein properties of oil bodies from different oil crops. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
47
|
Abo-State MAM, Shanab SMM, Ali HEA. Effect of nutrients and gamma radiation on growth and lipid accumulation of Chlorella vulgaris for biodiesel production. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/16878507.2019.1662216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mervat Aly Mohamed Abo-State
- Department of Radiation Microbiology, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Hamdy Elsayed Ahmed Ali
- Department of Radiation Microbiology, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhou W, Wang H, Zheng L, Cheng W, Gao L, Liu T. Comparison of Lipid and Palmitoleic Acid Induction of Tribonema minus under Heterotrophic and Phototrophic Regimes by Using High-Density Fermented Seeds. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184356. [PMID: 31491935 PMCID: PMC6770399 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmitoleic acid, one scarce omega-7 monounsaturated fatty acid, has important applications in the fields of medicine and health products. Tribonema has been considered as a promising candidate for the production of palmitoleic acid due to its high lipid and palmitoleic acid content and remarkable heterotrophic ability. The high-density heterotrophic cultivation of Tribonema minus was conducted in this work, and the highest biomass of 42.9 g L−1 and a relatively low lipid content of 28.7% were observed. To further enhance the lipid and palmitoleic acid accumulation, induction strategies under two regimes of phototrophy and heterotrophy with different conditions were investigated and compared. Results demonstrated encouraging promotions both by heterotrophic and phototrophic ways, and the final lipid contents reached 41.9% and 49.0%, respectively. In consideration of the time cost, however, the induction under heterotrophic conditions was much more advantageous, by which the highest lipid and palmitoleic acid productivities of 1.77 g L−1 d−1 and 924 mg L−1 d−1 were obtained respectively, with the lipid yield on glucose of 0.26 g g−1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Key Laboratory of Shandong Energy Biological Genetic Resources, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Key Laboratory of Shandong Energy Biological Genetic Resources, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Key laboratory for Marine bioactive substances and modern analytical Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wentao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Key Laboratory of Shandong Energy Biological Genetic Resources, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Lili Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Key Laboratory of Shandong Energy Biological Genetic Resources, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Tianzhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Key Laboratory of Shandong Energy Biological Genetic Resources, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Teco-Bravo JI, Barahona-Pérez LF, Reyes-Sosa CF, Ku-González ÁF, Herrera-Valencia VA, Peraza-Echeverria S. Enhanced production of triacylglycerols and polyunsaturated fatty acids in novel acid-tolerant mutants of the green microalga Chlorella saccharophila. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2019; 42:1561-1571. [PMID: 31187270 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-019-02153-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the microalga Chlorella saccharophila was subjected to ultraviolet (UV) mutagenesis, and mutant screening was conducted based on acidity tolerance to generate mutants with increased triacylglycerol (TAG) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents. Two improved mutant strains (M1 and M5) were generated. M1 and M5 accumulated 27.2% and 27.4% more TAG, respectively, and showed stronger fluorescence intensity than the wild-type (WT) strain when the cells of these mutants were stained with the lipophilic Nile Red stain. In the M1 mutant, 50.5% of the fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were saturated (C16:0 and C18:0) and 25.27% were monounsaturated (C18:1) fatty acids which are suitable for biofuels production. In the M5 mutant, 65.19% of the total FAMEs were nutritional PUFAs (C16:2, C18:2, and C18:3), while these FAMEs were not detected in the WT. These results demonstrated that UV mutagenesis coupled to an acid pH screening strategy represents a valuable and fast platform to generate mutants of C. saccharophila with improved TAG and PUFA contents for biofuels and nutraceutical applications, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jalsen Iván Teco-Bravo
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Luis Felipe Barahona-Pérez
- Unidad de Energía Renovable, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Carretera Sierra Papacal-Chuburná Puerto, km 5. Sierra Papacal, C.P. 97302, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Carlos Francisco Reyes-Sosa
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Mérida, Avenida Tecnológico S/N, C.P. 97118, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Ángela Francisca Ku-González
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Virginia Aurora Herrera-Valencia
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, México.
| | - Santy Peraza-Echeverria
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, México.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Yan Q, Pfleger BF. Revisiting metabolic engineering strategies for microbial synthesis of oleochemicals. Metab Eng 2019; 58:35-46. [PMID: 31022535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microbial production of oleochemicals from renewable feedstocks remains an attractive route to produce high-energy density, liquid transportation fuels and high-value chemical products. Metabolic engineering strategies have been applied to demonstrate production of a wide range of oleochemicals, including free fatty acids, fatty alcohols, esters, olefins, alkanes, ketones, and polyesters in both bacteria and yeast. The majority of these demonstrations synthesized products containing long-chain fatty acids. These successes motivated additional effort to produce analogous molecules comprised of medium-chain fatty acids, molecules that are less common in natural oils and therefore of higher commercial value. Substantial progress has been made towards producing a subset of these chemicals, but significant work remains for most. The other primary challenge to producing oleochemicals in microbes is improving the performance, in terms of yield, rate, and titer, of biocatalysts such that economic large-scale processes are feasible. Common metabolic engineering strategies include blocking pathways that compete with synthesis of oleochemical building blocks and/or consume products, pulling flux through pathways by removing regulatory signals, pushing flux into biosynthesis by overexpressing rate-limiting enzymes, and engineering cells to tolerate the presence of oleochemical products. In this review, we describe the basic fundamentals of oleochemical synthesis and summarize advances since 2013 towards improving performance of heterotrophic microbial cell factories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States; DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Brian F Pfleger
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States; DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States.
| |
Collapse
|