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Zhang Y, Zhu S, Wang C, Shi J, He J, Chen J, Liang L, Jiang F. Polymerase chain reaction-based methods for the rapid identification of Amanita exitialis. Food Chem 2024; 448:139086. [PMID: 38520990 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Amanita exitialis, a deadly mushroom found in eastern Asia, causes the highest death rates among all poisonous mushrooms in China. The aim of the present study was to develop an efficient, accurate, and user-friendly PCR-based method for identifying A. exitialis that could facilitate the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of associated food poisoning. A. exitialis-specific primers and probes were designed based on the internal transcribed spacer region variations of 27 mushroom species. Specificity was confirmed using conventional and real-time PCR for 23 non-target mushroom species, including morphologically similar and closely related species. Compared to conventional PCR, real-time PCR was more sensitive (detectable DNA concentration: 1.36 × 10-2 ng/μL vs. 1.36 × 10-3) and efficient (analysis time: 1 h vs. 40 min). Furthermore, the real-time PCR results could be immediately visualized using amplification curve analysis. The results present two robust PCR-based methods for A. exitialis identification that can facilitate food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China.
| | - Shuifang Zhu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China.
| | - Chaonan Wang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China; Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Junxia Shi
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China.
| | - Jiayao He
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- Zhongshan Customs Technology Center, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528403, China.
| | - Liang Liang
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, MARA, Beijing 100125, China.
| | - Fan Jiang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China.
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2
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Kasputis T, Hosmer KE, He Y, Chen J. Ensuring food safety: Microfluidic-based approaches for the detection of food contaminants. ANALYTICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 5:e2400003. [PMID: 38948318 PMCID: PMC11210746 DOI: 10.1002/ansa.202400003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Detecting foodborne contamination is a critical challenge in ensuring food safety and preventing human suffering and economic losses. Contaminated food, comprising biological agents (e.g. bacteria, viruses and fungi) and chemicals (e.g. toxins, allergens, antibiotics and heavy metals), poses significant risks to public health. Microfluidic technology has emerged as a transformative solution, revolutionizing the detection of contaminants with precise and efficient methodologies. By manipulating minute volumes of fluid on miniaturized systems, microfluidics enables the creation of portable chips for biosensing applications. Advancements from early glass and silicon devices to modern polymers and cellulose-based chips have significantly enhanced microfluidic technology, offering adaptability, flexibility, cost-effectiveness and biocompatibility. Microfluidic systems integrate seamlessly with various biosensing reactions, facilitating nucleic acid amplification, target analyte recognition and accurate signal readouts. As research progresses, microfluidic technology is poised to play a pivotal role in addressing evolving challenges in the detection of foodborne contaminants. In this short review, we delve into various manufacturing materials for state-of-the-art microfluidic devices, including inorganics, elastomers, thermoplastics and paper. Additionally, we examine several applications where microfluidic technology offers unique advantages in the detection of food contaminants, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, allergens and more. This review underscores the significant advancement of microfluidic technology and its pivotal role in advancing the detection and mitigation of foodborne contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Kasputis
- Department of Biological Systems EngineeringVirginia TechBlacksburgVirginiaUSA
| | | | - Yawen He
- Department of Biological Systems EngineeringVirginia TechBlacksburgVirginiaUSA
| | - Juhong Chen
- Department of Biological Systems EngineeringVirginia TechBlacksburgVirginiaUSA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCaliforniaUSA
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3
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Yang S, Zhang Z, Xian Q, Song Q, Liu Y, Gao Y, Wen W. An Aluminum-Based Microfluidic Chip for Polymerase Chain Reaction Diagnosis. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031085. [PMID: 36770751 PMCID: PMC9921548 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) tests were successfully conducted in an aluminum-based microfluidic chip developed in this work. The reaction chamber was coated with silicone-modified epoxy resin to isolate the reaction system from metal surfaces, preventing the metal ions from interfering with the reaction process. The patterned aluminum substrate was bonded with a hydroxylated glass mask using silicone sealant at room temperature. The effect of thermal expansion was counteracted by the elasticity of cured silicone. With the heating process closely monitored, real-time PCR testing in reaction chambers proceeded smoothly, and the results show similar quantification cycle values to those of traditional test sets. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images showed that the surface of the reaction chamber was smoothly coated, illustrating the promising coating and isolating properties. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) showed that no metal ions escaped from the metal to the chip surface. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to check the surface chemical state before and after tests, and the unchanged infrared absorption peaks indicated the unreacted, antifouling surface. The limit of detection (LOD) of at least two copies can be obtained in this chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Yang
- Division of Emerging Interdisciplinary Areas, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- Division of Emerging Interdisciplinary Areas, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Qingyue Xian
- Division of Emerging Interdisciplinary Areas, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Qi Song
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yiteng Liu
- Division of Emerging Interdisciplinary Areas, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yibo Gao
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Weijia Wen
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Thrust of Advanced Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou 511400, China
- HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute, Futian, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-2358-5781
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4
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Hrdy J, Vasickova P. Virus detection methods for different kinds of food and water samples – The importance of molecular techniques. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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5
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Arreguin-Campos R, Eersels K, Lowdon JW, Rogosic R, Heidt B, Caldara M, Jiménez-Monroy KL, Diliën H, Cleij TJ, van Grinsven B. Biomimetic sensing of Escherichia coli at the solid-liquid interface: From surface-imprinted polymer synthesis toward real sample sensing in food safety. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Rajkovic A, Jovanovic J, Monteiro S, Decleer M, Andjelkovic M, Foubert A, Beloglazova N, Tsilla V, Sas B, Madder A, De Saeger S, Uyttendaele M. Detection of toxins involved in foodborne diseases caused by Gram‐positive bacteria. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:1605-1657. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreja Rajkovic
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Jelena Jovanovic
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Silvia Monteiro
- Laboratorio Analises, Instituto Superior TecnicoUniversidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal
| | - Marlies Decleer
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent University Ghent Belgium
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesGhent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Mirjana Andjelkovic
- Operational Directorate Food, Medicines and Consumer SafetyService for Chemical Residues and Contaminants Brussels Belgium
| | - Astrid Foubert
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesGhent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Natalia Beloglazova
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesGhent University Ghent Belgium
- Nanotechnology Education and Research CenterSouth Ural State University Chelyabinsk Russia
| | - Varvara Tsilla
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Benedikt Sas
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Annemieke Madder
- Laboratorium for Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryGhent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesGhent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Mieke Uyttendaele
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent University Ghent Belgium
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SCHUH V, SCHUH J, FRONZA N, FORALOSSO FB, VERRUCK S, VARGAS JUNIOR A, SILVEIRA SMD. Evaluation of the microbiological quality of minimally processed vegetables. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.38118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Portable and Battery-Powered PCR Device for DNA Amplification and Fluorescence Detection. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20092627. [PMID: 32380637 PMCID: PMC7249063 DOI: 10.3390/s20092627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique for nucleic acid amplification, which has been widely used in molecular biology. Owing to the limitations such as large size, high power consumption, and complicated operation, PCR is only used in hospitals or research institutions. To meet the requirements of portable applications, we developed a fast, battery-powered, portable device for PCR amplification and end-point detection. The device consisted of a PCR thermal control system, PCR reaction chip, and fluorescence detection system. The PCR thermal control system was formed by a thermal control chip and external drive circuits. Thin-film heaters and resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) were fabricated on the thermal control chip and were regulated with external drive circuits. The average heating rate was 32 °C/s and the average cooling rate was 7.5 °C/s. The disposable reaction chips were fabricated using a silicon substrate, silicone rubber, and quartz plate. The fluorescence detection system consisted a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) camera, an LED, and mirror units. The device was driven by a 24 V Li-ion battery. We amplified HPV16E6 genomic DNA using our device and achieved satisfactory results.
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Nagyová Ľ, Andocsová A, Géci A, Zajác P, Palkovič J, Košičiarová I, Golian J. Consumers´ awareness of food safety. POTRAVINARSTVO 2019. [DOI: 10.5219/1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Eating food is one of the most important needs of every person, so their safety and quality should be crucial for everyone. People expect, that food they eat is hygienically and health safe. Unfortunately, people usually start to focus on food safety only when various food scandals are exposed and it is too late. Mass consumption of food is the cause of a high risk to human health, but only in the case of harmful food. Food-borne diseases are a common and widespread phenomenon in all parts of the world, regardless of the economic development of the country. Protection of human, animal and plant health is one of the main economic priorities of each country. The political objective of the European Union is therefore to ensure that European Union citizens have access to safe and nutritious foods, so it must meet strict safety standards. In ensuring food safety, it is necessary to take into account all aspects of the food production chain as a whole, because each subject can have a potential impact on food safety. This paper deals with the issues of food safety and food quality. The main objective was to find out how consumers perceive higher quality food and whether they read information included on the food packaging. Primary data were obtained from a survey that was conducted on the sample of 478 respondents living in Slovakia. For a deeper analysis, several assumptions, which were verified by Friedman Test, Chi-Square Test of Independence, Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test, were formulated. The survey has found out that 84% of respondents buy higher quality food and 60% purchase them because of health-related reasons. More than half of respondents search for the information about food safety on the Internet and the same percentage considere government as the most reliable source of information about food safety. Unfortunately, just more than one quarter of them read the information on food label and for 34% is this information unsufficient.
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10
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Li D, Butot S, Zuber S, Uyttendaele M. Monitoring of foodborne viruses in berries and considerations on the use of RT-PCR methods in surveillance. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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11
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Ricke SC, Kim SA, Shi Z, Park SH. Molecular-based identification and detection of Salmonella in food production systems: current perspectives. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:313-327. [PMID: 29675864 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella remains a prominent cause of foodborne illnesses and can originate from a wide range of food products. Given the continued presence of pathogenic Salmonella in food production systems, there is a consistent need to improve identification and detection methods that can identify this pathogen at all stages in food systems. Methods for subtyping have evolved over the years, and the introduction of whole genome sequencing and advancements in PCR technologies have greatly improved the resolution for differentiating strains within a particular serovar. This, in turn, has led to the continued improvement in Salmonella detection technologies for utilization in food production systems. In this review, the focus will be on recent advancements in these technologies, as well as potential issues associated with the application of these tools in food production. In addition, the recent and emerging research developments on Salmonella detection and identification methodologies and their potential application in food production systems will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Ricke
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - S A Kim
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Z Shi
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - S H Park
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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12
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Carloni E, Rotundo L, Brandi G, Amagliani G. Rapid and simultaneous detection of Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli O157, and Listeria monocytogenes by magnetic capture hybridization and multiplex real-time PCR. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2018; 63:735-742. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-018-0617-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Lv M, Liu Y, Geng J, Kou X, Xin Z, Yang D. Engineering nanomaterials-based biosensors for food safety detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 106:122-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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14
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Quantification and Discrimination of Viable and Dead Escherichia coli O157:H7 Cells from Chicken Without Enrichment by Ethidium Bromide Monoazide Real-time Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-1092-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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15
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Robertson RE, Cerf O, Condron RJ, Donaghy JA, Heggum C, Jordan K. Review of the controversy over whether or not Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis poses a food safety risk with pasteurised dairy products. Int Dairy J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Chang Y, Peng Y, Li P, Zhuang Y. Practices and exploration on competition of molecular biological detection technology among students in food quality and safety major. BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION : A BIMONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 45:343-350. [PMID: 28696055 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.21045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing importance in the application of the molecular biological detection technology in the field of food safety, strengthening education in molecular biology experimental techniques is more necessary for the culture of the students in food quality and safety major. However, molecular biology experiments are not always in curricula of Food quality and safety Majors. This paper introduced a project "competition of molecular biological detection technology for food safety among undergraduate sophomore students in food quality and safety major", students participating in this project needed to learn the fundamental molecular biology experimental techniques such as the principles of molecular biology experiments and genome extraction, PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis analysis, and then design the experiments in groups to identify the meat species in pork and beef products using molecular biological methods. The students should complete the experimental report after basic experiments, write essays and make a presentation after the end of the designed experiments. This project aims to provide another way for food quality and safety majors to improve their knowledge of molecular biology, especially experimental technology, and enhances them to understand the scientific research activities as well as give them a chance to learn how to write a professional thesis. In addition, in line with the principle of an open laboratory, the project is also open to students in other majors in East China University of Science and Technology, in order to enhance students in other majors to understand the fields of molecular biology and food safety. © 2017 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 45(4):343-350, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Chang
- East China University of Science and Technology, Fermentation Engineering Experiment Teaching Demonstration Center of Bioengineering College, No. 999 Haisi Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201424, China
| | - Yuke Peng
- East China University of Science and Technology, Fermentation Engineering Experiment Teaching Demonstration Center of Bioengineering College, No. 999 Haisi Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201424, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- East China University of Science and Technology, Fermentation Engineering Experiment Teaching Demonstration Center of Bioengineering College, No. 999 Haisi Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201424, China
| | - Yingping Zhuang
- East China University of Science and Technology, Fermentation Engineering Experiment Teaching Demonstration Center of Bioengineering College, No. 999 Haisi Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201424, China
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Sourdough authentication: quantitative PCR to detect the lactic acid bacterial microbiota in breads. Sci Rep 2017; 7:624. [PMID: 28373683 PMCID: PMC5428705 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00549-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
No national legislation anywhere in the world regulates and protects traditional/typical sourdough breads. Sourdough fermentation is firmly associated with a century-old tradition, and with sensory and nutritional quality of breads. A well-defined cell density of lactic acid bacteria has to be reached at the end of fermentation, and be indirectly detectable in baked breads. A Quantitative PCR (qPCR) method was developed to discriminate between breads made with and without sourdoughs. Universal primers targeting an approximately 178-bp fragment of the 16S rRNA-encoding gene of lactic acid bacteria were designed, covering the known diversity of sourdough lactic acid bacteria and excluding commonly encountered flour bacterial contaminants. A total of 191 breads either made with traditional type I and dried sourdough and baker's yeast, or by a chemical leavening method were shown to be accurately discriminated by means of qPCR. Discriminating values of gene copy number were only weakly correlated with pH values, and with lactate and acetate concentration, thus questioning the validity of these latter indirect indices. The use of sourdough has to be guaranteed to meet both bakery and consumer expectations, and to fulfil legal requirements; our work presents a reliable authentication method providing a suitable tool to satisfy such requirements.
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Heinrich V, Zunabovic M, Varzakas T, Bergmair J, Kneifel W. Pulsed Light Treatment of Different Food Types with a Special Focus on Meat: A Critical Review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 56:591-613. [PMID: 25575192 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.826174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Today, the increasing demand for minimally processed foods that are at the same moment nutritious, organoleptically satisfactory, and free from microbial hazards challenges the research and development to establish alternative methods to reduce the level of bacterial contamination. As one of the recent emerging nonthermal methods, pulsed light (PL) constitutes a technology for the fast, mild, and residue-free surface decontamination of food and food contact materials in the processing environment. Via high frequency, high intensity pulses of broad-spectrum light rich in the UV fraction, viable cells as well as spores are inactivated in a nonselective multi-target process that rapidly overwhelms cell functions and subsequently leads to cell death. This review provides specific information on the technology of pulsed light and its suitability for unpackaged and packaged meat and meat products as well as food contact materials like production surfaces, cutting tools, and packaging materials. The advantages, limitations, risks, and essential process criteria to work efficiently are illustrated and discussed with relation to implementation on industrial level and future aspects. Other issues addressed by this paper are the need to take care of the associated parameters such as alteration of the product and utilized packaging material to satisfy consumers and other stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Heinrich
- a Department of Food Sciences and Technology , Institute of Food Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences , Vienna , Austria.,b OFI-Austrian Research Institute for Chemistry and Technology , Vienna , Austria
| | - M Zunabovic
- a Department of Food Sciences and Technology , Institute of Food Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences , Vienna , Austria
| | - T Varzakas
- c Department of Food Technology , School of Agricultural Technology, Higher Technological Educational Institute of Kalamata , Hellas , Greece
| | - J Bergmair
- b OFI-Austrian Research Institute for Chemistry and Technology , Vienna , Austria
| | - W Kneifel
- a Department of Food Sciences and Technology , Institute of Food Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences , Vienna , Austria
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19
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MacDonald AJ, Sarre SD. A framework for developing and validating taxon-specific primers for specimen identification from environmental DNA. Mol Ecol Resour 2016; 17:708-720. [PMID: 27768246 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Taxon-specific DNA tests are applied to many ecological and management questions, increasingly using environmental DNA (eDNA). eDNA facilitates noninvasive ecological studies but introduces additional risks of bias and error. For effective application, PCR primers must be developed for each taxon and validated in each system. We outline a nine step framework for the development and validation of taxon-specific primers for eDNA analysis in ecological studies, involving reference database construction, phylogenetic evaluation of the target gene, primer design, primer evaluation in silico, and laboratory evaluation of primer specificity, sensitivity and utility. Our framework makes possible a rigorous evaluation of likely sources of error. The first five steps can be conducted relatively rapidly and (where reference DNA sequences are available) require minimal laboratory resources, enabling assessment of primer suitability before investing in further work. Steps six to eight require more costly laboratory analyses but are essential to evaluate risks of false-positive and false-negative results, while step 9 relates to field implementation. As an example, we have developed and evaluated primers to specifically amplify part of the mitochondrial ND2 gene from Australian bandicoots. If adopted during the early stages of primer development, our framework will facilitate large-scale implementation of well-designed DNA tests to detect specific wildlife from eDNA samples. This will provide researchers and managers with an understanding of the strengths and limitations of their data and the conclusions that can be drawn from them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J MacDonald
- Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Stephen D Sarre
- Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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Duarte-Guevara C, Swaminathan V, Reddy B, Huang JC, Liu YS, Bashir R. On-chip electrical detection of parallel loop-mediated isothermal amplification with DG-BioFETs for the detection of foodborne bacterial pathogens. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra19685c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Over one million DG-BioFETs are used for the parallel electrical detection of LAMP reactions identifying the presence of bacterial pathogens, demonstrating a miniaturized DNA-based screening platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Duarte-Guevara
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana
- USA
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory
| | | | - Bobby Reddy
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana
- USA
| | - Jui-Cheng Huang
- Design and Technology Platform
- Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shao Liu
- Research and Ecosystem
- Delta Electronics Inc
- 417939 Singapore
| | - Rashid Bashir
- Department of Bioengineering
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana
- USA
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21
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Hahm BK, Kim H, Singh AK, Bhunia AK. Pathogen enrichment device (PED) enables one-step growth, enrichment and separation of pathogen from food matrices for detection using bioanalytical platforms. J Microbiol Methods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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22
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Wu GP, Chen SH, Levin RE. Rapid real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with coated activated carbon for detection of low numbers of Salmonella enterica from lettuce without enrichment. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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23
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Välimaa AL, Tilsala-Timisjärvi A, Virtanen E. Rapid detection and identification methods for Listeria monocytogenes in the food chain – A review. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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Wu GP, Chen SH, Levin RE. Application of ethidium bromide monoazide for quantification of viable and dead cells of Salmonella enterica by real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification. J Microbiol Methods 2015; 117:41-8. [PMID: 26187777 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and efficient method for quantification and discrimination of Salmonella enterica ser. Enteritidis between viable and dead cells killed by heat was developed using ethidium bromide monoazide (EMA) in combination with a real-time loop amplified (Rti-LAMP) DNA assay. The use of 8.0 μg/ml or less of EMA did not inhibit DNA amplification in Rti-LAMP assays derived from viable cells. However, 8.0 μg/ml of EMA notably inhibited DNA amplification and significantly increased the Tp values with dead cells. When the DNA from 2000 viable CFU was subjected to EMA-Rti-LAMP the resulting Tp value was 13 min. In contrast, the DNA from 2000 CFU completely heat destroyed CFU still yielded a Tp value, which was greatly increased to 33.1 min. When the DNA from viable plus heat killed CFU at a ratio of 7:1993 was subjected to EMA-Rti-LAMP, the resulting Tp value was 19.3 min, which was statistically identical (P<0.05) to the Tp value of 19.9 min. obtained with the DNA from only 7 viable CFU. These results indicate that even though 2000 dead cells yielded a Tp value of 33.1 min., low numbers of viable cells in the presence of much higher numbers of dead cells still yielded a linear plot for enumerating viable CFU from Tp values. In addition, propidium monoazide (PMA) was found to be ineffective in distinguishing between low numbers of viable and heat killed cells of S. enterica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Ping Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Su Hua Chen
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Robert E Levin
- Department of Food Science, Massachusetts Experiment Station, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
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25
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Park SH, Ricke SC. Development of multiplex PCR assay for simultaneous detection of Salmonella genus, Salmonella subspecies I, Salm. Enteritidis, Salm. Heidelberg and Salm. Typhimurium. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 118:152-60. [PMID: 25358641 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this research was to develop multiplex PCR assay that could simultaneously detect Salmonella genus, Salmonella subsp. I, Salm. Enteritidis, Heidelberg and Typhimurium because these Salmonella serovars are the most common isolates associated with poultry products. METHODS AND RESULTS Five primers were utilized to establish multiplex PCR and applied to Salmonella isolates from chickens and farm environments. These isolates were identified as Salmonella subsp. I and 16 of 66 isolates were classified as Salm. Enteritidis, while Heidelberg or Typhimurium was not detected. We also spiked three Salmonella strains on chicken breast meat to evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of multiplex PCR as well as qPCR to optimize quantification of Salmonella in these samples. The optimized multiplex PCR and qPCR could detect approx. 2·2 CFU of Salmonella per gram after 18 h enrichment. CONCLUSIONS The multiplex PCR and qPCR would provide rapid and consistent results. Also, these techniques would be useful for the detection and quantification of Salmonella in contaminated poultry, foods and environmental samples. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The strategy for the rapid detection of Salmonella serovars in poultry is needed to further reduce the incidence of salmonellosis in humans. The optimized multiplex PCR will be useful to detect prevalent Salmonella serovars in poultry products.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Park
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA; Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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26
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Ceuppens S, Li D, Uyttendaele M, Renault P, Ross P, Ranst MV, Cocolin L, Donaghy J. Molecular Methods in Food Safety Microbiology: Interpretation and Implications of Nucleic Acid Detection. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2014; 13:551-577. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siele Ceuppens
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation (LFMFP); Dept. of Food Safety and Food Quality; Ghent Univ.; Ghent Belgium
| | - Dan Li
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation (LFMFP); Dept. of Food Safety and Food Quality; Ghent Univ.; Ghent Belgium
| | - Mieke Uyttendaele
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation (LFMFP); Dept. of Food Safety and Food Quality; Ghent Univ.; Ghent Belgium
| | - Pierre Renault
- Inst. Scientifique de Recherche Agronomique (INRA); France
| | - Paul Ross
- Moorepark Biotechnology Centre; Teagasc; Moorepark; Fermoy Co. Cork Ireland
| | | | - Luca Cocolin
- Dept. of Agricultural; Forest and Food Sciences; Univ. of Torino; Grugliasco Torino Italy
| | - John Donaghy
- Food Safety Microbiology Group; Nestle Research Center; Lausanne Switzerland
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27
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Park SH, Aydin M, Khatiwara A, Dolan MC, Gilmore DF, Bouldin JL, Ahn S, Ricke SC. Current and emerging technologies for rapid detection and characterization of Salmonella in poultry and poultry products. Food Microbiol 2014; 38:250-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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28
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Enumeration of salmonellae in table eggs, pasteurized egg products, and egg-containing dishes by using quantitative real-time PCR. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 80:1616-22. [PMID: 24362433 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03360-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonellae are a major cause of food-borne outbreaks in Europe, with eggs and egg products being identified as major sources. Due to the low levels of salmonellae in eggs and egg products, direct quantification is difficult. In the present study, enrichment quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was employed for enumeration of salmonellae in different matrices: table eggs, pasteurized egg products, and egg-containing dishes. Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis and S. enterica serovar Tennessee were used to artificially contaminate these matrices. The results showed a linear regression between the numbers of salmonellae and the quantification cycle (Cq) values for all matrices used, with the exception of pasteurized egg white. Standard curves were constructed by using both stationary-phase cells and heat-stressed cells, with similar results. Finally, this method was used to evaluate the fate of salmonellae in two egg-containing dishes, long egg and tiramisu, at abused refrigeration temperatures, and results indicated the growth of bacteria over a 1-week period. In conclusion, enrichment qPCR was shown to be reliable for enumeration of salmonellae in different egg products.
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30
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Schelin J, Andersson G, Vigre H, Norling B, Häggblom P, Hoorfar J, Rådström P, Löfström C. Evaluation of pre-PCR processing approaches for enumeration of Salmonella enterica
in naturally contaminated animal feed. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 116:167-78. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Schelin
- Applied Microbiology; Department of Chemistry; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - G. Andersson
- Department of Chemistry; Environment and Feed hygiene; National Veterinary Institute (SVA); Uppsala Sweden
| | - H. Vigre
- National Food Institute; Technical University of Denmark; Søborg Denmark
| | - B. Norling
- Quintessence Research AB (QRAB); Alunda Sweden
| | - P. Häggblom
- Department of Chemistry; Environment and Feed hygiene; National Veterinary Institute (SVA); Uppsala Sweden
| | - J. Hoorfar
- National Food Institute; Technical University of Denmark; Søborg Denmark
| | - P. Rådström
- Applied Microbiology; Department of Chemistry; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - C. Löfström
- National Food Institute; Technical University of Denmark; Søborg Denmark
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31
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Bajwa A, Tan ST, Mehta R, Bahreyni B. Rapid detection of viable microorganisms based on a plate count technique using arrayed microelectrodes. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2013; 13:8188-98. [PMID: 23803788 PMCID: PMC3758590 DOI: 10.3390/s130708188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Development of a miniaturized biosensor system that can be used for rapid detection and counting of microorganisms in food or water samples is described. The developed microsystem employs a highly sensitive impedimetric array of biosensors to monitor the growth of bacterial colonies that are dispersed across an agar growth medium. To use the system, a sample containing the bacteria is cultured above the agar layer. Using a multiplexing network, the electrical properties of the medium at different locations are continuously measured, recorded, and compared against a baseline signal. Variations of signals from different biosensors are used to reveal the presence of bacteria in the sample, as well as the locations of bacterial colonies across the biochip. This technique forms the basis for a label-free bacterial detection for rapid analysis of food samples, reducing the detection time by at least a factor of four compared to the current required incubation times of 24 to 72 hours for plate count techniques. The developed microsystem has the potential for miniaturization to a stage where it could be deployed for rapid analysis of food samples at commercial scale at laboratories, food processing facilities, and retailers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avneet Bajwa
- Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Shaoqing Tim Tan
- School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, BC V3T 0A3, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Ram Mehta
- PBR Laboratories Inc., Edmonton, AB T6E 0P5, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Behraad Bahreyni
- School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, BC V3T 0A3, Canada; E-Mail:
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32
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Maistro LC, Miya NTN, Sant'Ana AS, Pereira JL. Microbiological quality and safety of minimally processed vegetables marketed in Campinas, SP – Brazil, as assessed by traditional and alternative methods. Food Control 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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33
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Stals A, Mathijs E, Baert L, Botteldoorn N, Denayer S, Mauroy A, Scipioni A, Daube G, Dierick K, Herman L, Van Coillie E, Thiry E, Uyttendaele M. Molecular detection and genotyping of noroviruses. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2012; 4:153-67. [PMID: 23412888 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-012-9092-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Noroviruses (NoVs) are a major cause of gastroenteritis worldwide in humans and animals and are known as very infectious viral agents. They are spread through feces and vomit via several transmission routes involving person-to-person contact, food, and water. Investigation of these transmission routes requires sensitive methods for detection of NoVs. As NoVs cannot be cultivated to date, detection of these viruses relies on the use of molecular methods such as (real-time) reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Regardless of the matrix, detection of NoVs generally requires three subsequent steps: a virus extraction step, RNA purification, and molecular detection of the purified RNA, occasionally followed by molecular genotyping. The current review mainly focused on the molecular detection and genotyping of NoVs. The most conserved region in the genome of human infective NoVs is the ORF1/ORF2 junction and has been used as a preferred target region for molecular detection of NoVs by methods such as (real-time) RT-PCR, NASBA, and LAMP. In case of animal NoVs, broad range molecular assays have most frequently been applied for molecular detection. Regarding genotyping of NoVs, five regions situated in the polymerase and capsid genes have been used for conventional RT-PCR amplification and sequencing. As the expected levels of NoVs on food and in water are very low and inhibition of molecular methods can occur in these matrices, quality control including adequate positive and negative controls is an essential part of NoV detection. Although the development of molecular methods for NoV detection has certainly aided in the understanding of NoV transmission, it has also led to new problems such as the question whether low levels of human NoV detected on fresh produce and shellfish could pose a threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambroos Stals
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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Ladero V, Cañedo E, Pérez M, Martín MC, Fernández M, Alvarez MA. Multiplex qPCR for the detection and quantification of putrescine-producing lactic acid bacteria in dairy products. Food Control 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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35
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Brul S, Bassett J, Cook P, Kathariou S, McClure P, Jasti P, Betts R. ‘Omics’ technologies in quantitative microbial risk assessment. Trends Food Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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36
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Rodríguez A, Córdoba JJ, Gordillo R, Córdoba MG, Rodríguez M. Development of Two Quantitative Real-Time PCR Methods Based on SYBR Green and TaqMan to Quantify Sterigmatocystin-Producing Molds in Foods. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-012-9411-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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37
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Toplak N, Kovač M, Piskernik S, Možina SS, Jeršek B. Detection and quantification of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli using real-time multiplex PCR. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 112:752-64. [PMID: 22256961 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05235.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We describe a real-time quantitative multiplex polymerase chain reaction (qmPCR) assay to identify and discriminate between isolates of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. METHODS AND RESULTS Two novel sets of primers and hydrolysis probes were designed to amplify the unique DNA sequences within the hipO, ccoN and cadF genes that are specific to Camp. jejuni and Camp. coli. Using the designed optimized qmPCR assay conditions, the amplification efficiency is in range from 108 to 116%. These qmPCR assays are highly specific for Camp. jejuni and Camp. coli, as seen through testing of 40 Campylobacter strains and 17 non-Campylobacter strains. In chicken juice and tap water models spiked with known quantities of Camp. jejuni, qmPCR detected 10(2) -10(3) CFU ml(-1) within 4 h. CONCLUSIONS The qmPCR assays developed in this study provide reliable and simultaneous detection and quantification of Camp. jejuni and Camp. coli, with good amplification reaction parameters. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Following further validation, the qmPCR assay reported here has the potential to be applied to various sample types as an alternative and rapid methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Toplak
- Omega d.o.o., Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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38
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Development of a multiplex real-time PCR method for simultaneous detection of Salmonella enterica, Shigella flexneri and Listeria monocytogenes in processed food samples. Eur Food Res Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-012-1665-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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