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Masiala A, Vingadassalon A, Aurore G. Polyphenols in edible plant leaves: an overview of their occurrence and health properties. Food Funct 2024; 15:6847-6882. [PMID: 38853513 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00509k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Edible plant leaves (EPLs) constitute a major renewable functional plant biomass available all year round, providing an essential source of polyphenols in the global diet. Polyphenols form a large family of antioxidant molecules. They protect against the harmful effects of free radicals, strengthen immunity and stimulate the body's natural defenses thanks to their antibacterial and antiviral functions. This study refers to phenolic compounds from 50 edible plant leaves divided into four categories: green leafy vegetables, underutilized leafy vegetables, leafy spices and leafy drinks. It provides data on the identification, occurrence and pharmacological functions of polyphenols contained in EPLs, and provides a better understanding of trends and gaps in their consumption and study. Certain EPLs, such as moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.), tea (Camellia sinensis L.) and several leafy spices of the Lamiaceae family, reveal important characteristics and therapeutic potential. The polyphenol composition of EPLs makes them functional plants that offer relevant solutions in the fight against obesity, the management of food insecurity and the prevention of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Masiala
- Université des Antilles, COVACHIM M2E (EA 3592), UFR SEN, Campus de Fouillole, F-97 110 Pointe-à-Pitre, France.
| | - Audrey Vingadassalon
- Université des Antilles, COVACHIM M2E (EA 3592), UFR SEN, Campus de Fouillole, F-97 110 Pointe-à-Pitre, France.
| | - Guylène Aurore
- Université des Antilles, COVACHIM M2E (EA 3592), UFR SEN, Campus de Fouillole, F-97 110 Pointe-à-Pitre, France.
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2
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Chen BR, Xiao Y, Ali M, Xu FY, Li J, Wang R, Zeng XA, Teng YX. Improving resistant starch content of cassava starch by pulsed electric field-assisted esterification. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133272. [PMID: 38906352 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effect of pulsed electric field (PEF) assisted OSA esterification treatment on the multi-scale structure and digestive properties of cassava starch and structure-digestion relationships. The degree of substitution (DS) of starch dually modified at 1.5-4.5 kV/cm was 37.6-55.3 % higher than that of starch modified by the conventional method. Compared with native starch, the resistant starch (RS) content of esterified starch treated with 3 kV/cm significantly increased by 17.13 %, whereas that of starch produced by the conventional method increased by only 5.91 %. Furthermore, assisted esterification at low electric fields (1.5-3 kV/cm) promotes ester carbonyl grafting on the surface of starch granules, increases steric hindrance and promotes the rearrangement of the amorphous regions of starch, which increases the density of the double-helical structure. These structural changes slow down starch digestion and increase the RS content. Therefore, this study presents a potential method for increasing the RS content of starch products using PEF to achieve the desired digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Ru Chen
- Department of Food Science, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528225, China
| | - Yun Xiao
- Department of Food Science, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528225, China
| | - Murtaza Ali
- Department of Food Science, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528225, China
| | - Fei-Yue Xu
- Department of Food Science, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528225, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Food Science, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528225, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Food Science, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528225, China
| | - Xin-An Zeng
- Department of Food Science, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528225, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| | - Yong-Xin Teng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
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Ospina MA, Tran T, Pizarro M, Luna J, Salazar S, Londoño L, Ceballos H, Becerra Lopez-Lavalle LA, Dufour D. Content and distribution of cyanogenic compounds in cassava roots and leaves in association with physiological age. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:4851-4859. [PMID: 37961830 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cassava roots are widely consumed in tropical regions of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Although the protein, vitamin, carotenoid, and mineral content in the leaves makes them a nutritionally attractive option, their consumption is limited due to their high levels of cyanogenic compounds (CCs). In this study, the CC content in different parts of the plant (leaves, storage root cortex, and parenchyma) was assessed at harvest for 50 landrace genotypes representative of cassava diversity in Latin America. The changes in CC in leaves at different physiological ages (3, 6, 9, and 11 months after planting) were also investigated. RESULTS The average CC was higher in the cortex (804 ppm) and leaves (655 ppm) than in root parenchyma (305 ppm). Genotypes from different regions of Latin America, as identified by seven genetic diversity groups, differed significantly in CC levels. The Andean and Amazon groups had, respectively, the lowest (P = 0.0008) and highest (P < 0.0001) CC levels in all three parts of the plants. Cyanogenic compound concentrations were higher in leaves from young plants (P < 0.0001) and decreased with increasing physiological age. CONCLUSION The results help to guide the selection of parental lines with low CC levels for breeding and to contribute to the expanded use of cassava and its by-products for food and feed. Cassava for fresh consumption, especially, requires varieties with low total CC content, especially in the root cortex and parenchyma. COL1108 (204, 213, and 174 ppm, respectively, in the parenchyma, cortex, and leaves) and PER297 (83, 238, and 299 ppm, respectively, in the parenchyma, cortex, and leaves) can fulfill this requirement. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A Ospina
- Alliance of Bioversity and CIAT, Cassava Program, CGIAR Research Program on Roots Tubers and Bananas (RTB), Palmira, Colombia
| | - Thierry Tran
- Alliance of Bioversity and CIAT, Cassava Program, CGIAR Research Program on Roots Tubers and Bananas (RTB), Palmira, Colombia
- CIRAD, UMR QualiSud, Cali, Colombia
- QualiSud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Monica Pizarro
- Alliance of Bioversity and CIAT, Cassava Program, CGIAR Research Program on Roots Tubers and Bananas (RTB), Palmira, Colombia
| | - Jorge Luna
- Alliance of Bioversity and CIAT, Cassava Program, CGIAR Research Program on Roots Tubers and Bananas (RTB), Palmira, Colombia
| | - Sandra Salazar
- Alliance of Bioversity and CIAT, Cassava Program, CGIAR Research Program on Roots Tubers and Bananas (RTB), Palmira, Colombia
| | - Luis Londoño
- Alliance of Bioversity and CIAT, Cassava Program, CGIAR Research Program on Roots Tubers and Bananas (RTB), Palmira, Colombia
| | - Hernan Ceballos
- Alliance of Bioversity and CIAT, Cassava Program, CGIAR Research Program on Roots Tubers and Bananas (RTB), Palmira, Colombia
| | - Luis A Becerra Lopez-Lavalle
- Alliance of Bioversity and CIAT, Cassava Program, CGIAR Research Program on Roots Tubers and Bananas (RTB), Palmira, Colombia
| | - Dominique Dufour
- Alliance of Bioversity and CIAT, Cassava Program, CGIAR Research Program on Roots Tubers and Bananas (RTB), Palmira, Colombia
- CIRAD, UMR QualiSud, Cali, Colombia
- QualiSud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UMR QualiSud, Montpellier, France
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Zang Y, Wu K, Liu L, Ran F, Wang C, Wu S, Wang D, Guo J, Min Y. Transcriptomic study of the role of MeFtsZ2-1 in pigment accumulation in cassava leaves. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:448. [PMID: 38802758 PMCID: PMC11129481 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10165-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
MeFtsZ2-1 is a key gene for plant plastid division, but the mechanism by which MeFtsZ2-1 affects pigment accumulation in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) through plastids remains unclear. We found that MeFtsZ2-1 overexpression in cassava (OE) exhibited darker colors of leaves, with increased levels of anthocyanins and carotenoids. Further observation via Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) revealed no apparent defects in chloroplast structure but an increase in the number of plastoglobule in OE leaves. RNA-seq results showed 1582 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in leaves of OE. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that these DEGs were enriched in pathways related to flavonoid, anthocyanin, and carotenoid biosynthesis. This study reveals the role of MeFtsZ2-1 in cassava pigment accumulation from a physiological and transcriptomic perspective, providing a theoretical basis for improving cassava quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Zang
- Department of Biosciences, School of Life and Health, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Kunlin Wu
- Department of Biosciences, School of Life and Health, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Liangwang Liu
- Department of Biosciences, School of Life and Health, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Fangfang Ran
- Department of Biosciences, School of Life and Health, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Changyi Wang
- Department of Biosciences, School of Life and Health, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Shuwen Wu
- Department of Biosciences, School of Life and Health, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Department of Biosciences, School of Life and Health, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China.
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of the Ministry of Education of China, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China.
| | - Jianchun Guo
- Institute of Tropical Biotechnology, Sanya Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, 572000, China.
| | - Yi Min
- Department of Biosciences, School of Life and Health, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China.
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Kumar V, Subramanian J, Marimuthu M, Subbarayalu M, Ramasamy V, Gandhi K, Ariyan M. Diversity and functional characteristics of culturable bacterial endosymbionts from cassava whitefly biotype Asia II-5, Bemisia tabaci. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:100. [PMID: 38456084 PMCID: PMC10914660 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-03949-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Whitefly Bemisia tabaci, a carrier of cassava mosaic disease (CMD), poses a significant threat to cassava crops. Investigating culturable bacteria and their impact on whiteflies is crucial due to their vital role in whitefly fitness and survival. The whitefly biotype associated with cassava and transmitting CMD in India has been identified as Asia II 5 through partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene sequencing. In this study, bacteria associated with adult B. tabaci feeding on cassava were extracted using seven different media. Nutrient Agar (NA), Soyabean Casein Digest Medium (SCDM), Luria Bertani agar (LBA), and Reasoner's 2A agar (R2A) media resulted in 19, 6, 4, and 4 isolates, respectively, producing a total of 33 distinct bacterial isolates. Species identification through 16SrRNA gene sequencing revealed that all isolates belonged to the Bacillota and Pseudomonadota phyla, encompassing 11 genera: Bacillus, Cytobacillus, Exiguobacterium, Terribacillus, Brevibacillus, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, Brucella, Novosphingobium, Lysobacter, and Pseudomonas. All bacterial isolates were tested for chitinase, protease, siderophore activity, and antibiotic sensitivity. Nine isolates exhibited chitinase activity, 28 showed protease activity, and 23 displayed siderophore activity. Most isolates were sensitive to antibiotics such as Vancomycin, Streptomycin, Erythromycin, Kanamycin, Doxycycline, Tetracycline, and Ciprofloxacin, while they demonstrated resistance to Bacitracin and Colistin. Understanding the culturable bacteria associated with cassava whitefly and their functional significance could contribute to developing effective cassava whitefly and CMD control in agriculture. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-03949-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh Kumar
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641003 India
| | - Jeyarani Subramanian
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641003 India
| | - Murugan Marimuthu
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641003 India
| | - Mohankumar Subbarayalu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641003 India
| | - Venkatachalam Ramasamy
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641003 India
| | - Karthikeyan Gandhi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641003 India
| | - Manikandan Ariyan
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Patra A, Arun Prasath V. Isolation of detoxified cassava (Manihot esculenta L.) leaf protein by alkaline extraction-isoelectric precipitation: Optimization and its characterization. Food Chem 2024; 437:137845. [PMID: 37922801 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The cassava leaves protein isolate extraction and optimization were investigated using response surface methodology, where the maximum protein content (21.83 ± 0.41 g/100 g dm), extraction yield (18.31 ± 0.53%), and protein recovery yield (69 ± 1.31%) were obtained at optimal conditions: 114 min extraction time, 46 °C extraction temperature, 23.5 mL/g solvent/solute ratio and pH 11.0 value. The presence of toxicant (Cyanide) and anti-nutrient (tannin) in cassava leaves reduced the bio-accessibility of its protein isolate, strictly prohibiting its consumption. Therefore, detoxification was applied to diminish cyanide and tannin to 85% and 69% in leaves, respectively, where the protein content was reduced to 9.7%. However, detoxified cassava leaf protein isolate exhibited changes in the compositional, structural, morphological, molecular, and thermal characteristics compared to the controlled one. Moreover, the functional properties in protein isolate improved after detoxification at different pH conditions, which can be used as an active ingredient in various foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhipriya Patra
- Department of Food Process Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - V Arun Prasath
- Department of Food Process Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India.
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7
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Zhang J, Wang Q, Yu H, Lin L, Zhang Z, Song Y. Metagenomic insights into protein degradation mechanisms in natural fermentation of cassava leaves. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 396:130433. [PMID: 38342281 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) leaves, the primary by-product of cassava processing, constitute a significant protein source, accounting for 18 to 38 percent on a dry weight basis. Despite their nutritional value, a substantial portion of these leaves is often discarded post-harvest, resulting in notable resource waste. This study employs metagenomic technology to investigate the protein degradation mechanism in cassava leaves, aiming to provide a technical reference for value-added of this by-product. Following a 36-hour period of natural fermentation, the protein degradation rate reached 58%, a phenomenon intricately linked to both the microbial community structure and its functional properties. Notably, Lactococcus and Enterobacter, recognized for their abundant protease activity, were predominant. Metagenomically assembled genomes further revealed Lactococcus's substantial role in producing flavors and active compounds, including amino acids and peptides. This study offers novel perspectives to the foodization and high-value utilization of cassava by-products, emphasizing the sustainable exploitation of biomass resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinquan Zhang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Province, Haikou 571101, China; College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Province, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Qinfei Wang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Province, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Houmei Yu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Province, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Liming Lin
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Province, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Zhenwen Zhang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Province, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Yong Song
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Province, Changsha 410000, China.
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8
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Soro M, Zida SMFWP, Somé K, Tiendrébéogo F, Otron DH, Pita JS, Néya JB, Koné D. Estimation of Genetic Diversity and Number of Unique Genotypes of Cassava Germplasm from Burkina Faso Using Microsatellite Markers. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:73. [PMID: 38254963 PMCID: PMC10815475 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Genetic diversity is very important in crop improvement. This study was carried out to assess the genetic diversity and the number of unique multilocus genotypes (MLGs) in a cassava collection in Burkina Faso. To achieve this objective, 130 cassava accessions were genotyped using 32 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The results revealed that among these markers, twelve (12) were highly informative, with polymorphic information content (PIC) values greater than 0.50; twelve (12) were moderately informative, with PIC values ranging between 0.25 and 0.50; and eight (8) were not very informative, with PIC values lower than 0.25. A moderate level of genetic diversity was found for the population, indicated by the average expected heterozygosity (0.45) and the observed heterozygosity (0.48). About 83.8% of unique multilocus genotypes were found in the cassava collection, indicating that SSR markers seem to be most appropriate for MLG identification. Population structure analysis based on hierarchical clustering identified two subpopulations and the Bayesian approach suggested five clusters. Additionally, discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) separated the cassava accessions into 13 subpopulations. A comparison of these results and those of a previous study using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) suggests that each type of marker can be used to assess the genetic structure of cassava grown in Burkina Faso.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Soro
- Central and West African Virus Epidemiology (WAVE), Pôle Scientifique et d’Innovation de Bingerville, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny (UFHB), Bingerville 08 BP 2035, Côte d’Ivoire; (D.H.O.); (J.S.P.)
- Laboratoire de Virologie et de Biotechnologies Végétales, Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), Ouagadougou 01 BP 476, Burkina Faso; (K.S.); (J.B.N.)
- Laboratoire Mixte International Patho-Bios, Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles, Ouagadougou 01 BP 476, Burkina Faso
| | - Serge Marie Felicien Wend-Pagnagdé Zida
- Laboratoire de Génétique et de Biotechnologies Végétales, Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), Ouagadougou 01 BP 476, Burkina Faso;
| | - Koussao Somé
- Laboratoire de Virologie et de Biotechnologies Végétales, Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), Ouagadougou 01 BP 476, Burkina Faso; (K.S.); (J.B.N.)
- Laboratoire de Génétique et de Biotechnologies Végétales, Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), Ouagadougou 01 BP 476, Burkina Faso;
| | - Fidèle Tiendrébéogo
- Laboratoire de Virologie et de Biotechnologies Végétales, Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), Ouagadougou 01 BP 476, Burkina Faso; (K.S.); (J.B.N.)
| | - Daniel H. Otron
- Central and West African Virus Epidemiology (WAVE), Pôle Scientifique et d’Innovation de Bingerville, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny (UFHB), Bingerville 08 BP 2035, Côte d’Ivoire; (D.H.O.); (J.S.P.)
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie, Agriculture et Valorisation des Ressources Biologiques, UFR Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan 22 BP 582, Côte d’Ivoire;
| | - Justin S. Pita
- Central and West African Virus Epidemiology (WAVE), Pôle Scientifique et d’Innovation de Bingerville, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny (UFHB), Bingerville 08 BP 2035, Côte d’Ivoire; (D.H.O.); (J.S.P.)
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie, Agriculture et Valorisation des Ressources Biologiques, UFR Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan 22 BP 582, Côte d’Ivoire;
| | - James B. Néya
- Laboratoire de Virologie et de Biotechnologies Végétales, Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), Ouagadougou 01 BP 476, Burkina Faso; (K.S.); (J.B.N.)
- Laboratoire Mixte International Patho-Bios, Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles, Ouagadougou 01 BP 476, Burkina Faso
| | - Daouda Koné
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie, Agriculture et Valorisation des Ressources Biologiques, UFR Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan 22 BP 582, Côte d’Ivoire;
- Centre d’Excellence Africain sur le Changement Climatique, la Biodiversité et l’Agriculture Durable, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan 22 BP 463, Côte d’Ivoire
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9
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Zang Y, Pei Y, Cong X, Ran F, Liu L, Wang C, Wang D, Min Y. Single-cell RNA-sequencing profiles reveal the developmental landscape of the Manihot esculenta Crantz leaves. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:456-474. [PMID: 37706525 PMCID: PMC10756766 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important crop with a high photosynthetic rate and high yield. It is classified as a C3-C4 plant based on its photosynthetic and structural characteristics. To investigate the structural and photosynthetic characteristics of cassava leaves at the cellular level, we created a single-cell transcriptome atlas of cassava leaves. A total of 11,177 high-quality leaf cells were divided into 15 cell clusters. Based on leaf cell marker genes, we identified 3 major tissues of cassava leaves, which were mesophyll, epidermis, and vascular tissue, and analyzed their distinctive properties and metabolic activity. To supplement the genes for identifying the types of leaf cells, we screened 120 candidate marker genes. We constructed a leaf cell development trajectory map and discovered 6 genes related to cell differentiation fate. The structural and photosynthetic properties of cassava leaves analyzed at the single cellular level provide a theoretical foundation for further enhancing cassava yield and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Zang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Yechun Pei
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Xinli Cong
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Fangfang Ran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Liangwang Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Changyi Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Yi Min
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
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Sarkar T, Salauddin M, Roy S, Chakraborty R, Rebezov M, Shariati MA, Thiruvengadam M, Rengasamy KRR. Underutilized green leafy vegetables: frontier in fortified food development and nutrition. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:11679-11733. [PMID: 35816152 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2095555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
From the ancient period, Green leafy vegetables (GLV) are part of the daily diet and were believed to have several health beneficial properties. Later it has been proved that GLV has outstanding nutritional value and can be used for medicinal benefits. GLV is particularly rich in minerals like iron, calcium, and zinc. These are also rich in vitamins like beta carotene, vitamin E, K, B and vitamin C. In addition, some anti-nutritional elements in GLV can be reduced if it is grown properly and processed properly before consumption. Tropical countries have a wide variety of these green plants such as Red Spinach, Amaranth, Malabar Spinach, Taro Leaf, Fenugreek leaf, Bengal Gram Leaves, Radish Leaves, Mustard Leaves, and many more. This review focuses on listing this wide range of GLVs (in total 54 underutilized GLVs) and their compositions in a comparative manner. GLV also possesses medicinal activities due to its rich bioactive and nutritional potential. Different processing techniques may alter the nutritional and bioactive potential of the GLVs significantly. The GLVs have been considered a food fortification agent, though not explored widely. All of these findings suggest that increasing GLV consumption could provide nutritional requirements necessary for proper growth as well as adequate protection against diseases caused by malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Sarkar
- Department of Food Processing Technology, Malda Polytechnic, West Bengal State Council of Technical Education, West Bengal, India
| | - Molla Salauddin
- Department of Food Processing Technology, Mir Madan Mohanlal Government Polytechnic, West Bengal State Council of Technical Education, West Bengal, India
| | - Sarita Roy
- Department of Food Processing and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Runu Chakraborty
- Department of Food Processing and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- Department of Scientific Research, V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Department of Scientific Research, K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management, The First Cossack University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kannan R R Rengasamy
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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11
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Bakare AG, Zindove TJ, Bhavna A, Devi A, Takayawa SL, Sharma AC, Iji PA. Lactobacillus buchneri and molasses can alter the physicochemical properties of cassava leaf silage. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22141. [PMID: 38034723 PMCID: PMC10685371 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In developing countries where feed resources are scarce, cassava leaves can be used as feed for animals. However, the use of cassava leaves is limited mainly because of their high fibre content and overall acceptability by animals. The resolution to this problem is to process the cassava leaves by ensiling and using additives. Therefore, the objective of the study was to determine the effects of including different inclusion levels of molasses and bacteria concentration on the physicochemical properties of cassava leaf silage. Molasses was added at inclusion levels of 0, 3, 5 and 7 g/100g of the chopped cassava leaves, and Lactobacillus buchneri was mixed with chopped cassava leaves at different concentrations of 0, 3.1 × 106 cfu/ml, 3.1 × 108 cfu/ml and 3.1 × 1010 cfu/ml. The effects of inclusion level of molasses on the colour, smell and texture of cassava leaf silage were significant (P < 0.05). Inclusion of bacteria concentration also influenced the smell of silage (P < 0.05). Effects of the inclusion level of molasses and bacteria concentration resulted in decreased pH, crude protein and crude fibre of silage (P < 0.05). There was a quadratic relationship between Ca and K with inclusion level of molasses in cassava leaf silage (P < 0.05). A positive linear relationship was observed between Mg and molasses inclusion levels in cassava leaf silage (P < 0.05). Using principal component analysis (PCA), molasses had a strong positive correlation with PCA 1, whereas crude fibre, pH and crude protein had a positive correlation with PCA 2. The inclusion level of bacterial concentration was negatively correlated to Ca, CP, P and CF. From the study, the use of molasses and L. buchneri can greatly improve the physicochemical qualities of cassava leaf silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archibold G. Bakare
- Department of Animal Science, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Fiji National University, Koronivia, Fiji
| | - Titus J. Zindove
- Department of Animal Science, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Fiji National University, Koronivia, Fiji
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Arti Bhavna
- Department of Animal Science, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Fiji National University, Koronivia, Fiji
| | - Ashika Devi
- Department of Animal Science, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Fiji National University, Koronivia, Fiji
| | - Sereana L. Takayawa
- Department of Crop Science, School of Agriculture and Forestry, Fiji National University, Koronivia, Fiji
| | - Ami C. Sharma
- Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Chemistry, Fiji
| | - Paul A. Iji
- Department of Animal Science, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Fiji National University, Koronivia, Fiji
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Zeng H, Xu H, Tan M, Zhang B, Shi H. LESION SIMULATING DISEASE 3 regulates disease resistance via fine-tuning histone acetylation in cassava. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:2232-2247. [PMID: 37534747 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial blight seriously affects the growth and production of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), but disease resistance genes and the underlying molecular mechanism remain unknown. In this study, we found that LESION SIMULATING DISEASE 3 (MeLSD3) is essential for disease resistance in cassava. MeLSD3 physically interacts with SIRTUIN 1 (MeSRT1), inhibiting MeSRT1-mediated deacetylation modification at the acetylation of histone 3 at K9 (H3K9Ac). This leads to increased H3K9Ac levels and transcriptional activation of SUPPRESSOR OF BIR1 (SOBIR1) and FLAGELLIN-SENSITIVE2 (FLS2) in pattern-triggered immunity, resulting in immune responses in cassava. When MeLSD3 was silenced, the release of MeSRT1 directly decreased H3K9Ac levels and inhibited the transcription of SOBIR1 and FLS2, leading to decreased disease resistance. Notably, DELLA protein GIBBERELLIC ACID INSENSITIVE 1 (MeGAI1) also interacted with MeLSD3, which enhanced the interaction between MeLSD3 and MeSRT1 and further strengthened the inhibition of MeSRT1-mediated deacetylation modification at H3K9Ac of defense genes. In summary, this study illustrates the mechanism by which MeLSD3 interacts with MeSRT1 and MeGAI1, thereby mediating the level of H3K9Ac and the transcription of defense genes and immune responses in cassava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiu Zeng
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops of Hainan Province, School of Nanfan, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, 572025, Sanya, Hainan Province, China
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Hainan University, 572025, Sanya, Hainan Province, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, 572025, Sanya, Hainan Province, China
| | - Haoran Xu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops of Hainan Province, School of Nanfan, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, 572025, Sanya, Hainan Province, China
| | - Mengting Tan
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops of Hainan Province, School of Nanfan, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, 572025, Sanya, Hainan Province, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops of Hainan Province, School of Nanfan, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, 572025, Sanya, Hainan Province, China
| | - Haitao Shi
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops of Hainan Province, School of Nanfan, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, 572025, Sanya, Hainan Province, China
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Hainan University, 572025, Sanya, Hainan Province, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, 572025, Sanya, Hainan Province, China
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Feng Y, Zhang Y, Shah OU, Luo K, Chen Y. Isolation and Identification of Endophytic Bacteria Bacillus sp. ME9 That Exhibits Biocontrol Activity against Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. manihotis. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1231. [PMID: 37759630 PMCID: PMC10525512 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the bacterial blight of cassava has caused substantial economic losses to the Chinese cassava industry. Chemical control methods have become the primary approach to control this disease; however, their widespread usage and harmful residues have raised concerns about environmental pollution. In order to avoid this, it is urgent to seek a green ecological method to prevent and control it. Biological control through the utilization of microorganisms not only effectively inhibits the disease, but also gives consideration to environmental friendliness. Therefore, investigating an endophytic biological control method for cassava bacterial blight is of great importance. In this study, cassava leaf tissues were used as test specimens in order to isolate endophytic bacteria by using dilution and separation methods. Bacillus ME9, derived from cassava endophytic bacteria, exhibits good antagonism against a diverse range of pathogens, including Xpm11. Its genome consists of a series of genes encoding antibacterial lipopeptides, which may be directly related to its antibacterial capabilities. Furthermore, inoculation resulted in a substantial change in the diversity of the endophytic bacterial community, characterized by improved diversity, and displayed an obvious inhibition of pathogenic bacterial growth, demonstrating successful colonization within plants. The results laid a foundation and provided theoretical support for the development and utilization of cassava endophytic bacterial diversity and endogenous disease control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Feng
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China (O.U.S.)
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yijie Zhang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China (O.U.S.)
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Obaid Ullah Shah
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China (O.U.S.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, School of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Kai Luo
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China (O.U.S.)
| | - Yinhua Chen
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China (O.U.S.)
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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14
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Tuo D, Yao Y, Yan P, Chen X, Qu F, Xue W, Liu J, Kong H, Guo J, Cui H, Dai Z, Shen W. Development of cassava common mosaic virus-based vector for protein expression and gene editing in cassava. PLANT METHODS 2023; 19:78. [PMID: 37537660 PMCID: PMC10399001 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01055-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant virus vectors designed for virus-mediated protein overexpression (VOX), virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), and genome editing (VIGE) provide rapid and cost-effective tools for functional genomics studies, biotechnology applications and genome modification in plants. We previously reported that a cassava common mosaic virus (CsCMV, genus Potexvirus)-based VIGS vector was used for rapid gene function analysis in cassava. However, there are no VOX and VIGE vectors available in cassava. RESULTS In this study, we developed an efficient VOX vector (CsCMV2-NC) for cassava by modifying the CsCMV-based VIGS vector. Specifically, the length of the duplicated putative subgenomic promoter (SGP1) of the CsCMV CP gene was increased to improve heterologous protein expression in cassava plants. The modified CsCMV2-NC-based VOX vector was engineered to express genes encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP), bacterial phytoene synthase (crtB), and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Xam) type III effector XopAO1 for viral infection tracking, carotenoid biofortification and Xam virulence effector identification in cassava. In addition, we used CsCMV2-NC to deliver single guide RNAs (gMePDS1/2) targeting two loci of the cassava phytoene desaturase gene (MePDS) in Cas9-overexpressing transgenic cassava lines. The CsCMV-gMePDS1/2 efficiently induced deletion mutations of the targeted MePDS with the albino phenotypes in systemically infected cassava leaves. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide a useful tool for rapid and efficient heterologous protein expression and guide RNA delivery in cassava. This expands the potential applications of CsCMV-based vector in gene function studies, biotechnology research, and precision breeding for cassava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Decai Tuo
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crops Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sanya Research Institute, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crops Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sanya Research Institute, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Pu Yan
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crops Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sanya Research Institute, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Xin Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crops Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sanya Research Institute, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Feihong Qu
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Weiqian Xue
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Jinping Liu
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Hua Kong
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crops Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sanya Research Institute, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Jianchun Guo
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crops Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sanya Research Institute, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Hongguang Cui
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Zhaoji Dai
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Wentao Shen
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crops Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sanya Research Institute, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China.
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15
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Tashim NAZ, Lim SA, Basri AM. Synergistic antioxidant activity of selected medicinal plants in Brunei Darussalam and its application in developing fortified pasta. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:7331-7342. [PMID: 35767363 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developing functional foods by utilizing plants can often lead to compromised sensory properties. Thus this study investigates the combination of plants to produce synergistic effects and to incorporate these plant powders into a pasta formulation without affecting its sensory acceptance. Six common Brunei medicinal plants were evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant activity determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (IC50 ), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenziazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assay. Aqueous extracts of Amaranthus tricolor, Breynia androgyna, Manihot esculenta, Polygonum minus, Apium graveolens and Coriandrum sativum were prepared. RESULTS Breynia androgyna had the highest FRAP value of 74.3 ± 5.33 mg g-1 ascorbic acid equivalents (AAE), with DPPH IC50 antioxidant activity of 70.3 ± 3.14 μg mL-1 and ABTS scavenging activity of 44.0 ± 2.80 mg g-1 AAE. This correlates well with the total flavonoid, flavonol and phenolic content (50.5 mg g-1 gallic acid equivalents (GAE), 50.6 mg g-1 GAE and 24.3 mg g-1 GAE, respectively). Plant species powders were combined in pairs and evaluated for their synergistic antioxidant properties. With potential synergistic plant mixtures, fortification of these mixtures into functional food can be developed to improve its overall antioxidant capacity. Based on the synergistic IC50 results of these mixtures, three fortified pastas were formulated by incorporating selected plant powder combinations of Amaranthus tricolor + P. minus, Apium graveolens + P. minus, and P. minus + B. androgyna into wheat pasta at 1:100 (w/w). CONCLUSION Fortification of pasta with the plant powder blends resulted a significant increase in DPPH antioxidant activity, while successfully maintaining indistinguishable features from the control pasta, including minimal cooking loss, agreeable measure of cohesiveness, springiness and chewiness, with good overall sensory acceptability. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najeebah Az-Zahra Tashim
- Food Science and Technology, School of Applied Sciences and Mathematics, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Syazana Abdullah Lim
- Food Science and Technology, School of Applied Sciences and Mathematics, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Aida Maryam Basri
- Food Science and Technology, School of Applied Sciences and Mathematics, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
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16
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Alamu EO, Dixon A, Eyinla TE, Maziya-Dixon B. Characterization of macro and micro-minerals in cassava leaves from genotypes planted in three different agroecological locations in Nigeria. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11618. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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17
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Abotbina W, Sapuan SM, Ilyas RA, Sultan MTH, Alkbir MFM, Sulaiman S, Harussani MM, Bayraktar E. Recent Developments in Cassava ( Manihot esculenta) Based Biocomposites and Their Potential Industrial Applications: A Comprehensive Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6992. [PMID: 36234333 PMCID: PMC9571773 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The rapid use of petroleum resources coupled with increased awareness of global environmental problems associated with the use of petroleum-based plastics is a major driving force in the acceptance of natural fibers and biopolymers as green materials. Because of their environmentally friendly and sustainable nature, natural fibers and biopolymers have gained significant attention from scientists and industries. Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is a plant that has various purposes for use. It is the primary source of food in many countries and is also used in the production of biocomposites, biopolymers, and biofibers. Starch from cassava can be plasticized, reinforced with fibers, or blended with other polymers to strengthen their properties. Besides that, it is currently used as a raw material for bioethanol and renewable energy production. This comprehensive review paper explains the latest developments in bioethanol compounds from cassava and gives a detailed report on macro and nano-sized cassava fibers and starch, and their fabrication as blend polymers, biocomposites, and hybrid composites. The review also highlights the potential utilization of cassava fibers and biopolymers for industrial applications such as food, bioenergy, packaging, automotive, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Abotbina
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S. M. Sapuan
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - R. A. Ilyas
- Sustainable Waste Management Research Group (SWAM), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forest and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M. T. H. Sultan
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M. F. M. Alkbir
- Advanced Facilities Engineering Technology Research Cluster, Malaysian Institute of Industrial Technology (MITEC), University Kuala Lumpur, Persiaran Sinaran Ilmu, Bandar Seri Alam, Masai 81750, Johor, Malaysia
- Facilities Maintenance Engineering Section, Malaysian Institute of Industrial Technology (MITEC), Universitiy Kuala Lumpur, Johor Bahru 81750, Johor, Malaysia
| | - S. Sulaiman
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M. M. Harussani
- Energy Science and Engineering, Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro 152-8552, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emin Bayraktar
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, ISAE-SUPMECA Institute of Mechanics of Paris, 93400 Saint-Ouen, France
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Misci C, Taskin E, Vaccari F, Dall'Asta M, Imathiu S, Sandro Cocconcelli P, Puglisi E. Valorization of African Indigenous Leafy Vegetables: the Role of Phyllosphere Microbiota. Food Res Int 2022; 162:111944. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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19
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Boukhers I, Boudard F, Morel S, Servent A, Portet K, Guzman C, Vitou M, Kongolo J, Michel A, Poucheret P. Nutrition, Healthcare Benefits and Phytochemical Properties of Cassava (Manihot esculenta) Leaves Sourced from Three Countries (Reunion, Guinea, and Costa Rica). Foods 2022; 11:foods11142027. [PMID: 35885268 PMCID: PMC9315608 DOI: 10.3390/foods11142027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Manihot esculenta, cassava, is an essential food crop for human consumption in many parts of the world. Besides the wide use of its roots, cassava leaves have been used locally as green vegetables and for medicinal purposes. However, nutritional health data regarding cassava leaves is limited, therefore we investigated its composition and associated potential bioactivity interest for human health. (2) Methods: Cassava leaf bioactivity investigations focused on antioxidant properties (free radical scavenging) in association with immunomodulatory activities on inflammatory murine macrophages to measure the impact of cassava extract on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Interleukin-6, Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha, Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1, Prostaglandin-E2 and mediators such as nitric oxide. (3) Results: Antioxidant and immunomodulatory bioactivities were significant, with a concentration-dependent inhibition of cytokines production by inflammatory macrophages; (4) Conclusions: Taken together, our results tend to suggest that Manihot esculenta leaves might be underrated regarding the potential nutrition-health interest of this vegetal matrix for both human nutrition and prophylaxis of metabolic disease with underlying low grade inflammation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Boukhers
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, 34093 Montpellier, France; (I.B.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (K.P.); (C.G.); (J.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Frederic Boudard
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, 34093 Montpellier, France; (I.B.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (K.P.); (C.G.); (J.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Sylvie Morel
- CEFE, Laboratoire de Botanique, Phytochimie et Mycologie, CNRS-Université de Montpellier-EPHE-IRD, 34093 Montpellier, France; (S.M.); (M.V.)
| | - Adrien Servent
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, 34093 Montpellier, France; (I.B.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (K.P.); (C.G.); (J.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Karine Portet
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, 34093 Montpellier, France; (I.B.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (K.P.); (C.G.); (J.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Caroline Guzman
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, 34093 Montpellier, France; (I.B.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (K.P.); (C.G.); (J.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Manon Vitou
- CEFE, Laboratoire de Botanique, Phytochimie et Mycologie, CNRS-Université de Montpellier-EPHE-IRD, 34093 Montpellier, France; (S.M.); (M.V.)
| | - Joelle Kongolo
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, 34093 Montpellier, France; (I.B.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (K.P.); (C.G.); (J.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Alain Michel
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, 34093 Montpellier, France; (I.B.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (K.P.); (C.G.); (J.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Patrick Poucheret
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, 34093 Montpellier, France; (I.B.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (K.P.); (C.G.); (J.K.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-141-1759-507
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20
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Liu CY, Amani R, Sulaiman S, Mahmood K, Ariffin F, Mohammadi Nafchi A. Formulation and characterization of physicochemical, functional, morphological, and antioxidant properties of cassava-based rice analogue. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:1626-1637. [PMID: 35592295 PMCID: PMC9094478 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a cassava-based rice analogue with improved nutritional value as an alternative to commercial white rice. The rice analogue formulations (RAFs) were developed by the substitution of modified cassava flour (MOCAF) with rice flour at different ratios as 1:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, and 0:1, followed by the addition of cassava leaves (0, 10, and 20 wt%). The developed rice analogues were evaluated for physicochemical, functional, morphological, and antioxidant properties. The rice analogue containing a 5:5 ratio of rice flour to MOCAF (RAF 2) added with 20% cassava leaves presented the most desirable nutritional composition and functional properties. However, RAF 4 (100% MOCAF with 20% cassava leaves) showed the highest total polyphenol content (TPC) (198.8 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g), total chlorophyll content (TCC) (198 mg/ml), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) inhibition (79%), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) inhibition (85%). Hence, the addition of MOCAF and cassava leaves improved the nutritional value of cassava-based rice analogues, which could be a healthy alternative to commercial rice in the daily diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiew Yen Liu
- Food Technology Division School of Industrial Technology Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang Malaysia
| | - Raihan Amani
- Food Technology Division School of Industrial Technology Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang Malaysia
| | - Syazana Sulaiman
- Food Technology Division School of Industrial Technology Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang Malaysia
| | - Kaiser Mahmood
- Food Technology Division School of Industrial Technology Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang Malaysia
| | - Fazilah Ariffin
- Food Technology Division School of Industrial Technology Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang Malaysia
| | - Abdorreza Mohammadi Nafchi
- Food Technology Division School of Industrial Technology Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang Malaysia.,Department of Food Science and Technology Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University Damghan Iran
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21
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Chaiareekitwat S, Latif S, Mahayothee B, Khuwijitjaru P, Nagle M, Amawan S, Müller J. Protein composition, chlorophyll, carotenoids, and cyanide content of cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz) as influenced by cultivar, plant age, and leaf position. Food Chem 2022; 372:131173. [PMID: 34601424 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The variation of proximate compositions, amino acids, carotenoids, chlorophyll, and total cyanide contents in cassava leaves was studied to identify the most suitable leaves for human consumption. The cassava leaves from 4 cultivars were analysed at 3 leaf positions as well as at 2 plant ages. The leaves of 'Rayong 5' cultivar from the middle position at 6 months after planting contained the highest crude protein, amino acids, carotenoids, and chlorophyll. The total cyanide content was high and therefore, an effective detoxification method is needed. Protein from the cassava leaves was rich in glutamine, aspartic acid, and leucine, but low in methionine and cysteine. Additionally, cassava leaves were found to be a rich source of carotenoids and chlorophyll. This study provided the evidences that cassava leaves can be an alternative source as protein supplement and for carotenoids and chlorophyll extraction and paves the way to valorise this abundant agricultural by-product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawittree Chaiareekitwat
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Tropics and Subtropics Group, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany
| | - Sajid Latif
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Tropics and Subtropics Group, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany
| | - Busarakorn Mahayothee
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand.
| | - Pramote Khuwijitjaru
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Marcus Nagle
- Agricultural Research and Development Program, Central State University, Wilberforce, OH 45384, USA
| | - Suwaluk Amawan
- Rayong Field Crops Research Center, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Rayong 21150, Thailand
| | - Joachim Müller
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Tropics and Subtropics Group, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany
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22
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Enhanced Convolutional Neural Network Model for Cassava Leaf Disease Identification and Classification. MATHEMATICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/math10040580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cassava is a crucial food and nutrition security crop cultivated by small-scale farmers because it can survive in a brutal environment. It is a significant source of carbohydrates in African countries. Sometimes, Cassava crops can be infected by leaf diseases, affecting the overall production and reducing farmers’ income. The existing Cassava disease research encounters several challenges, such as poor detection rate, higher processing time, and poor accuracy. This research provides a comprehensive learning strategy for real-time Cassava leaf disease identification based on enhanced CNN models (ECNN). The existing Standard CNN model utilizes extensive data processing features, increasing the computational overhead. A depth-wise separable convolution layer is utilized to resolve CNN issues in the proposed ECNN model. This feature minimizes the feature count and computational overhead. The proposed ECNN model utilizes a distinct block processing feature to process the imbalanced images. To resolve the color segregation issue, the proposed ECNN model uses a Gamma correction feature. To decrease the variable selection process and increase the computational efficiency, the proposed ECNN model uses global average election polling with batch normalization. An experimental analysis is performed over an online Cassava image dataset containing 6256 images of Cassava leaves with five disease classes. The dataset classes are as follows: class 0: “Cassava Bacterial Blight (CBB)”; class 1: “Cassava Brown Streak Disease (CBSD)”; class 2: “Cassava Green Mottle (CGM)”; class 3: “Cassava Mosaic Disease (CMD)”; and class 4: “Healthy”. Various performance measuring parameters, i.e., precision, recall, measure, and accuracy, are calculated for existing Standard CNN and the proposed ECNN model. The proposed ECNN classifier significantly outperforms and achieves 99.3% accuracy for the balanced dataset. The test findings prove that applying a balanced database of images improves classification performance.
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23
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Terefe ZK, Omwamba M, Nduko JM. Effect of microbial fermentation on nutritional and antinutritional contents of cassava leaf. J Food Saf 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zemenu Kerie Terefe
- Dairy and Food Science and Technology Egerton University—Njoro Campus Kenya
- Food Science and Technology Hawassa University Ethiopia
| | - Mary Omwamba
- Dairy and Food Science and Technology Egerton University—Njoro Campus Kenya
| | - John Masani Nduko
- Dairy and Food Science and Technology Egerton University—Njoro Campus Kenya
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24
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Jaramillo AM, Sierra S, Chavarriaga-Aguirre P, Castillo DK, Gkanogiannis A, López-Lavalle LAB, Arciniegas JP, Sun T, Li L, Welsch R, Boy E, Álvarez D. Characterization of cassava ORANGE proteins and their capability to increase provitamin A carotenoids accumulation. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262412. [PMID: 34995328 PMCID: PMC8741059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) biofortification with provitamin A carotenoids is an ongoing process that aims to alleviate vitamin A deficiency. The moderate content of provitamin A carotenoids achieved so far limits the contribution to providing adequate dietary vitamin A levels. Strategies to increase carotenoid content focused on genes from the carotenoids biosynthesis pathway. In recent years, special emphasis was given to ORANGE protein (OR), which promotes the accumulation of carotenoids and their stability in several plants. The aim of this work was to identify, characterize and investigate the role of OR in the biosynthesis and stabilization of carotenoids in cassava and its relationship with phytoene synthase (PSY), the rate-limiting enzyme of the carotenoids biosynthesis pathway. Gene and protein characterization of OR, expression levels, protein amounts and carotenoids levels were evaluated in roots of one white (60444) and two yellow cassava cultivars (GM5309-57 and GM3736-37). Four OR variants were found in yellow cassava roots. Although comparable expression was found for three variants, significantly higher OR protein amounts were observed in the yellow varieties. In contrast, cassava PSY1 expression was significantly higher in the yellow cultivars, but PSY protein amount did not vary. Furthermore, we evaluated whether expression of one of the variants, MeOR_X1, affected carotenoid accumulation in cassava Friable Embryogenic Callus (FEC). Overexpression of maize PSY1 alone resulted in carotenoids accumulation and induced crystal formation. Co-expression with MeOR_X1 led to greatly increase of carotenoids although PSY1 expression was high in the co-expressed FEC. Our data suggest that posttranslational mechanisms controlling OR and PSY protein stability contribute to higher carotenoid levels in yellow cassava. Moreover, we showed that cassava FEC can be used to study the efficiency of single and combinatorial gene expression in increasing the carotenoid content prior to its application for the generation of biofortified cassava with enhanced carotenoids levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica M. Jaramillo
- HarvestPlus, c/o The Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | - Santiago Sierra
- The Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | - Paul Chavarriaga-Aguirre
- The Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | - Diana Katherine Castillo
- The Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | - Anestis Gkanogiannis
- The Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | | | - Juan Pablo Arciniegas
- The Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | - Tianhu Sun
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Li Li
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Ralf Welsch
- Faculty of Biology II, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Erick Boy
- HarvestPlus, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Daniel Álvarez
- HarvestPlus, c/o The Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
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25
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Optimization of Enzymatic Hydrolysis for Preparing Cassava Leaf Hydrolysate with Antioxidant Activity. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-021-02693-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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26
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Leguizamón AJ, Rompato KM, Hoyos RE, Audisio MC. Nutritional evaluation of three varieties of cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz) grown in Formosa, Argentina. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.103986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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27
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Ayele HH, Latif S, Bruins ME, Müller J. Partitioning of Proteins and Anti-Nutrients in Cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz) Leaf Processing Fractions after Mechanical Extraction and Ultrafiltration. Foods 2021; 10:1714. [PMID: 34441490 PMCID: PMC8391839 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cassava plays a major role in improving food security and reducing malnutrition. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of mechanical pressing coupled with ultrafiltration (UF) on the quality of different fractions of cassava leaves. Cassava leaves harvested from the greenhouse at the University of Hohenheim were passed through a mechanical screw press to extract the juice and separate the press cake. The juice was centrifuged and filtered to separate the sediment and clear supernatant. The clear supernatant was filtered using a 10 kDa UF system. The nutritional contents of the different fractions were analyzed at each processing step. The total phenolic content was significantly lower in the press cake that had a higher fiber and ash content. The juice and sediment fractions had higher crude protein and total phenolic content. Processing did not negatively affect the concentrations of essential amino acids except for tryptophan in the juice fraction. Non-protein nitrogen was mainly present in the UF permeate, illustrating the potential of UF for upgrading soluble protein fractions. The results indicated that the different fractions during processing could be a possible source of protein for food, feed (juice, sediment, and retentate), or fiber (press cake) for ruminant feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimanot Hailegiorigs Ayele
- Tropics and Subtropics Group, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (S.L.); (J.M.)
| | - Sajid Latif
- Tropics and Subtropics Group, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (S.L.); (J.M.)
| | - Marieke E. Bruins
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Joachim Müller
- Tropics and Subtropics Group, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (S.L.); (J.M.)
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28
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Hirunyophat P, Chalermchaiwat P, On‐nom N, Prinyawiwatkul W. Selected nutritional quality and physicochemical properties of silkworm pupae (frozen or powdered) from two species. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patthama Hirunyophat
- Food and Nutrition Program Department of Home Economics Faculty of Agriculture Kasetsart University 50, Ngam Wong Wan Road Bangkok Thailand
| | - Parisut Chalermchaiwat
- Food and Nutrition Program Department of Home Economics Faculty of Agriculture Kasetsart University 50, Ngam Wong Wan Road Bangkok Thailand
| | - Nattira On‐nom
- Institute of Nutrition Mahidol University Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Road Nakhon Pathom999Thailand
| | - Witoon Prinyawiwatkul
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences Louisiana State UniversityAgricultural Center Baton Rouge LA70803USA
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29
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Saragih B, Kristina F, Pradita, Candra KP, Emmawati A. Nutritional Value, Antioxidant Activity, Sensory Properties, and Glycemic Index of Cookies with the Addition of Cassava (Manihot utilissima) Leaf Flour. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2021; 66:S162-S166. [PMID: 33612587 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.66.s162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cassava leaves contain albumin, fat, carbohydrates, vitamin A, vitamin B1, and fibers, thus having the potential to be used as an ingredient in production of cookies. The purpose of this research was to determine the optimum ratios between wheat flour, cassava puree and cassava leaves flour to produces cookies with good nutritional profile. This study was conducted as Completely Randomized Designs with five treatment, namely the ratios between wheat flour: cassava puree: cassava leaves flour (WF:CP:CLF) in grams of 50 : 50 : 0, 49 : 49 : 2, 48 : 48 : 4, 47 : 47 : 6 and 46 : 46 : 8. Each treatment was replicated thrice. Parameters observed were the nutritional content, sensory acceptance, antioxidant activity and glycemic index (GI) of the cookies. The data obtained were analysed with ANOVA, continued by LSD test at α=0.05 for treatment showed a significant effect. The result showed that the chemical characteristics of the cookies were 1.46-5.12, 0.23-2.10, 10.67-20.76, 1.20-4.26, 8.36-10.94 and 64.75-74.09% for moisture content, ash, fat, fibre, protein and carbohydrate, respectively. The energy and antioxidant activity (IC50) of the cookies was at the range of 426.31-480.30 kcal/100 g and 151-200 ppm. The most preferred sample was the one with WF : CP : CLF of 49 : 49 : 2 with a GI value of 77.4. This study showed that cassava leaves flour has potential as an alternative ingredient in improving the nutrition profile of cookies production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernatal Saragih
- Agriculture Product and Technology Agricultural Faculty Mulawarman University
| | - Feby Kristina
- Agriculture Product and Technology Agricultural Faculty Mulawarman University
| | - Pradita
- Agriculture Product and Technology Agricultural Faculty Mulawarman University
| | | | - Aswita Emmawati
- Agriculture Product and Technology Agricultural Faculty Mulawarman University
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30
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Ruiz-Vera UM, De Souza AP, Ament MR, Gleadow RM, Ort DR. High sink strength prevents photosynthetic down-regulation in cassava grown at elevated CO2 concentration. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:542-560. [PMID: 33045084 PMCID: PMC7853607 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cassava has the potential to alleviate food insecurity in many tropical regions, yet few breeding efforts to increase yield have been made. Improved photosynthetic efficiency in cassava has the potential to increase yields, but cassava roots must have sufficient sink strength to prevent carbohydrates from accumulating in leaf tissue and suppressing photosynthesis. Here, we grew eight farmer-preferred African cassava cultivars under free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) to evaluate the sink strength of cassava roots when photosynthesis increases due to elevated CO2 concentrations ([CO2]). Relative to the ambient treatments, elevated [CO2] treatments increased fresh (+27%) and dry (+37%) root biomass, which was driven by an increase in photosynthesis (+31%) and the absence of photosynthetic down-regulation over the growing season. Moreover, intrinsic water use efficiency improved under elevated [CO2] conditions, while leaf protein content and leaf and root cyanide concentrations were not affected. Overall, these results suggest that higher cassava yields can be expected as atmospheric [CO2] increases over the coming decades. However, there were cultivar differences in the partitioning of resources to roots versus above-grown biomass; thus, the particular responses of each cultivar must be considered when selecting candidates for improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula M Ruiz-Vera
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Amanda P De Souza
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Michael R Ament
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Roslyn M Gleadow
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Donald R Ort
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Departments of Plant Biology and Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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31
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Diaz Tatis P, López Carrascal CE. YUCA: PAN Y CARNE, UNA ALTERNATIVA POTENCIAL PARA HACER FRENTE AL HAMBRE OCULTA. ACTA BIOLÓGICA COLOMBIANA 2021. [DOI: 10.15446/abc.v26n2.84569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Uno de los retos que encara la humanidad es asegurar la alimentación y la adecuada nutrición para los cerca de ocho billones de habitantes del planeta. Las raíces de yuca constituyen la cuarta fuente más importante de calorías para la población humana siendo uno de los pilares de la seguridad alimentaria. Las raíces de yuca no poseen atributos nutricionales adecuados. Aunque existen variedades con valores relativamente altos de estos compuestos, sus valores están lejos de los necesarios para asegurar los requerimientos mínimos de la población humana. Las hojas de yuca poseen valores altos de contenido proteico, minerales y vitaminas, por lo que representan una fuente nutricional alternativa. Sin embargo, el consumo de hojas de yuca en América Latina es escaso o nulo como consecuencia de los altos niveles de cianuro que poseen. En algunos países de África y Asia las hojas se consumen a través de diversas recetas que incluye su cocción, eliminando así una gran cantidad del contenido cianógeno. En esta revisión se presenta un panorama general de la importancia nutricional de la yuca, las diferentes estrategias de mejoramiento genético clásico y no convencional destinados a incrementar los contenidos nutricionales de raíces y la importancia de la explotación de la variabilidad intrínseca de la yuca como una fuente de variedades y genes que puedan contribuir a la implementación de estrategias encaminadas a desarrollar materiales con los requerimientos nutricionales adecuados. Finalmente, se presenta el potencial que tienen las hojas de yuca para ser empleadas dentro de programas complementarios destinados a mejorar la calidad nutricional de la población humana.
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32
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Ospina MA, Pizarro M, Tran T, Ricci J, Belalcazar J, Luna JL, Londoño LF, Salazar S, Ceballos H, Dufour D, Becerra Lopez‐Lavalle LA. Cyanogenic, carotenoids and protein composition in leaves and roots across seven diverse population found in the world cassava germplasm collection at CIAT, Colombia. Int J Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Ospina
- Cassava Program CGIAR Research Program on Roots Tubers and Bananas (RTB) International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) Palmira Valle del Cauca Colombia
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences National University of Colombia Palmira Valle del Cauca Colombia
| | - Monica Pizarro
- Cassava Program CGIAR Research Program on Roots Tubers and Bananas (RTB) International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) Palmira Valle del Cauca Colombia
| | - Thierry Tran
- Cassava Program CGIAR Research Program on Roots Tubers and Bananas (RTB) International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) Palmira Valle del Cauca Colombia
- UMR Qualisud Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD Montpellier, SupAgro, Univ. Avignon, Univ. La Réunion Montpellier France
| | - Julien Ricci
- UMR Qualisud Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD Montpellier, SupAgro, Univ. Avignon, Univ. La Réunion Montpellier France
| | - John Belalcazar
- Cassava Program CGIAR Research Program on Roots Tubers and Bananas (RTB) International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) Palmira Valle del Cauca Colombia
| | - Jorge L. Luna
- Cassava Program CGIAR Research Program on Roots Tubers and Bananas (RTB) International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) Palmira Valle del Cauca Colombia
| | - Luis F. Londoño
- Cassava Program CGIAR Research Program on Roots Tubers and Bananas (RTB) International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) Palmira Valle del Cauca Colombia
| | - Sandra Salazar
- Cassava Program CGIAR Research Program on Roots Tubers and Bananas (RTB) International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) Palmira Valle del Cauca Colombia
| | - Hernan Ceballos
- Cassava Program CGIAR Research Program on Roots Tubers and Bananas (RTB) International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) Palmira Valle del Cauca Colombia
| | - Dominique Dufour
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences National University of Colombia Palmira Valle del Cauca Colombia
| | - Luis A. Becerra Lopez‐Lavalle
- Cassava Program CGIAR Research Program on Roots Tubers and Bananas (RTB) International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) Palmira Valle del Cauca Colombia
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33
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Chahyadi A, Elfahmi. The influence of extraction methods on rutin yield of cassava leaves ( Manihot esculenta Crantz). Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:1466-1473. [PMID: 33250654 PMCID: PMC7679431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rutin, a well-known bioflavonoid, was found abundantly in cassava leaves. In the present study, extraction techniques including maceration, boiling, reflux, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) were optimised to increase the yield of rutin. Extraction parameters such as solvents, solid-liquid ratio, temperature, and time were optimised to give better extraction yields for each method. HPLC analysis showed a high content of rutin which is up to 2.4% per dry weight of cassava leaves. The extraction yields under optimised condition were found to be 16.00 ± 0.21, 20.38 ± 0.66, 22.33 ± 2.3, 24.49 ± 0.41, and 23.37 ± 1.00 g rutin per kg dry weight for maceration, boiling, reflux, UAE and MAE methods, respectively. Specifically, UAE reduced the extraction time to 90 min, using only 40–60% of aqueous ethanol. Meanwhile, MAE completed the extraction under 5 min and no significant differences in output was observed between the use of water and aqueous ethanol. Accordingly, with the extraction efficiency of up to 99 and 94%, respectively, both processes provided better results. The subsequent green purification using chilling method produced a typical cassava bioflavonoid containing 82% of rutin and 17% of nicotiflorin. This study informs a new abundant source of rutin and provides the optimum condition of extraction methods for high yield of rutin from cassava leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agus Chahyadi
- University Center of Excellence for Nutraceuticals, Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Center, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, West Java 40132, Indonesia
| | - Elfahmi
- University Center of Excellence for Nutraceuticals, Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Center, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, West Java 40132, Indonesia.,Pharmaceutical Biology, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, West Java 40132, Indonesia
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Blomme G, Ntamwira J, Kearsley E, Bahati L, Amini D, Safari N, Ocimati W. Sensitivity and Tolerance of Different Annual Crops to Different Levels of Banana Shade and Dry Season Weather. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.545926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercropping in small-holder production systems in East and Central Africa is very common and offers potential for significant yield and environmental benefits. However, the reduced light availability under banana canopies constrains the success of the intercrop in banana systems. Determining a balance between the optimal spacing/densities of banana plants with optimized intercrop selection based on their sensitivity and tolerance to shade is imperative. This study, through extensive field experiments performed in South Kivu, DR Congo investigated the resilience of a wide range of food and forage crops to varying banana shade levels. The same crop species grown as monocrops served as controls. Quantitative yield assessments showed yam, sweet potato, ginger and forage grasses to have a good potential to grow under moderately dense to dense banana fields. Taro, soybean, mucuna, chili, eggplant, and Crotalaria sp. performed well in sparsely spaced banana fields with moderate shading. Cassava and soybean showed limited tolerance to shade. Intercropping in banana systems is also generally confined to the rainy seasons due to the high sensitivity of most annual intercrops to long dry weather in the dry season months. We also thus assessed the sensitivity of chickpea and mucuna to the long dry weather of the dry seasons and found them to have great potential for extending farming production into the dry season. Overall, we show that careful selection and allocation of crops with varying sensitivity to various banana shade levels and dry season weather can potentially increase whole field productivity.
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Wasonga DO, Kleemola J, Alakukku L, Mäkelä PSA. Potassium Fertigation With Deficit Irrigation Improves the Nutritive Quality of Cassava. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.575353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Latif S, Romuli S, Barati Z, Müller J. CFD assisted investigation of mechanical juice extraction from cassava leaves and characterization of the products. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:3089-3098. [PMID: 32724573 PMCID: PMC7382172 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cassava is grown because of its starchy roots, but the leaves being rich in protein are mostly underutilized. For protein recovery, mechanical juice extraction from cassava leaves and the extraction process was evaluated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The influence of input variables such as nozzle diameter and rotational speed of the screw was investigated in relation to process efficiency. The highest green juice extraction yield (81.0%) from cassava leaves and dry matter of press cake (61.3%) were achieved by using 4 mm nozzle diameter and 18 rpm screw speed. The protein content of the cassava leaves, press cake, juice sediment, and juice supernatant was found to be 31.5%, 27.7%, 26.2%, and 12.4%, respectively. The crude protein, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and total phenolic content mainly accumulated in the press cake. The screw pressing concentrated the amino acids in the press cake and the juice sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Latif
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering (440e)Tropics and Subtropics GroupUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Sebastian Romuli
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering (440e)Tropics and Subtropics GroupUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Ziba Barati
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering (440e)Tropics and Subtropics GroupUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Joachim Müller
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering (440e)Tropics and Subtropics GroupUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
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Obata T, Klemens PAW, Rosado-Souza L, Schlereth A, Gisel A, Stavolone L, Zierer W, Morales N, Mueller LA, Zeeman SC, Ludewig F, Stitt M, Sonnewald U, Neuhaus HE, Fernie AR. Metabolic profiles of six African cultivars of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) highlight bottlenecks of root yield. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:1202-1219. [PMID: 31950549 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cassava is an important staple crop in sub-Saharan Africa, due to its high productivity even on nutrient poor soils. The metabolic characteristics underlying this high productivity are poorly understood including the mode of photosynthesis, reasons for the high rate of photosynthesis, the extent of source/sink limitation, the impact of environment, and the extent of variation between cultivars. Six commercial African cassava cultivars were grown in a greenhouse in Erlangen, Germany, and in the field in Ibadan, Nigeria. Source leaves, sink leaves, stems and storage roots were harvested during storage root bulking and analyzed for sugars, organic acids, amino acids, phosphorylated intermediates, minerals, starch, protein, activities of enzymes in central metabolism and yield traits. High ratios of RuBisCO:phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity support a C3 mode of photosynthesis. The high rate of photosynthesis is likely to be attributed to high activities of enzymes in the Calvin-Benson cycle and pathways for sucrose and starch synthesis. Nevertheless, source limitation is indicated because root yield traits correlated with metabolic traits in leaves rather than in the stem or storage roots. This situation was especially so in greenhouse-grown plants, where irradiance will have been low. In the field, plants produced more storage roots. This was associated with higher AGPase activity and lower sucrose in the roots, indicating that feedforward loops enhanced sink capacity in the high light and low nitrogen environment in the field. Overall, these results indicated that carbon assimilation rate, the K battery, root starch synthesis, trehalose, and chlorogenic acid accumulation are potential target traits for genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Obata
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1901 Vine Street, Lincoln, 68588, NE, USA
| | - Patrick A W Klemens
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str, D-67653, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Laise Rosado-Souza
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Armin Schlereth
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Andreas Gisel
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, 200001, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, CNR, Via Amendola 122D, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Livia Stavolone
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, 200001, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, CNR, Via Amendola 122D, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Zierer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstr. 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Morales
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Lukas A Mueller
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Samuel C Zeeman
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Frank Ludewig
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, CNR, Via Amendola 122D, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Mark Stitt
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Uwe Sonnewald
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstr. 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - H Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str, D-67653, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Potential of Biogas Production from Processing Residues to Reduce Environmental Impacts from Cassava Starch and Crisp Production—A Case Study from Malaysia. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10082975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The cultivation of cassava (Manihot esculenta) is widely spread in a variety of tropical countries with an estimated annual production of 291.9 million tons. The crop is the most important source of carbohydrates in producing countries. In Malaysia, cassava is mainly cultivated for starch production. Despite the economic and nutritional importance of cassava, there is only limited knowledge available regarding the overall environmental impacts of cassava starch production or the production of alternative food products like cassava crisps. This study presents an environmental assessment of different scenarios of cassava production and processing by a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. The results indicate that the environmental impacts of cassava-based products can be reduced considerably with the utilization of processing residues for anaerobic digestion if the resulting biogas is used for the production of electricity and heat. In the industrial scenario, the results indicate that the highest relative reductions are achieved for cumulated energy demand (CED), global warming potential (GWP) and deforestation (DEF) with −39%, −26% and −18%, respectively, while in the advanced scenario, environmental impacts for CED, GWP, ozone formation potential (OFP) and water stress index (WSI) can be reduced by more than 10% with −281%, −37%, −16% and −14%, respectively. The impacts for global warming potential found in this study are slightly higher compared to other studies that focused on the carbon footprint of starch production from cassava, while the savings due to biogas production are similar.
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Akinola R, Pereira LM, Mabhaudhi T, de Bruin FM, Rusch L. A Review of Indigenous Food Crops in Africa and the Implications for more Sustainable and Healthy Food Systems. SUSTAINABILITY 2020; 12:3493. [PMID: 33520291 PMCID: PMC7116648 DOI: 10.3390/su12083493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Indigenous and traditional foods crops (ITFCs) have multiple uses within society, and most notably have an important role to play in the attempt to diversify the food in order to enhance food and nutrition security. However, research suggests that the benefits and value of indigenous foods within the South African and the African context have not been fully understood and synthesized. Their potential value to the African food system could be enhanced if their benefits were explored more comprehensively. This synthesis presents a literature review relating to underutilized indigenous crop species and foods in Africa. It organizes the findings into four main contributions, nutritional, environmental, economic, and social-cultural, in line with key themes of a sustainable food system framework. It also goes on to unpack the benefits and challenges associated with ITFCs under these themes. A major obstacle is that people are not valuing indigenous foods and the potential benefit that can be derived from using them is thus neglected. Furthermore, knowledge is being lost from one generation to the next, with potentially dire implications for long-term sustainable food security. The results show the need to recognize and enable indigenous foods as a key resource in ensuring healthy food systems in the African continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Racheal Akinola
- Faculty of Agrisciences, Stellenbosch University, Mike de Vries, Merriman Ave, Stellenbosch Central, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
- Correspondence: (R.A.); (L.M.P.)
| | - Laura Maureen Pereira
- Centre for Food Policy, City University of London, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
- Centre for Complex Systems in Transition, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
- Correspondence: (R.A.); (L.M.P.)
| | - Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi
- Centre for Transformative Agricultural and Food Systems, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Francia-Marié de Bruin
- Centre for Complex Systems in Transition, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
- Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch Central 7599, South Africa
| | - Loubie Rusch
- Making KOS, 7 Purley Street, Kenilworth 7708, South Africa
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Laya A, Koubala BB. Polyphenols in cassava leaves ( Manihot esculenta Crantz) and their stability in antioxidant potential after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03567. [PMID: 32190767 PMCID: PMC7068631 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was carried out to assess the effect of variety on polyphenols in cassava leaves and their stability in antioxidant activity before and after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. The results showed that individual and total polyphenols content (TPC) and antioxidant activity of bound, free and bioaccessible polyphenols were significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by variety at harvesting maturity. The bound polyphenols had lower TPC (5.00-19.16 mg GAE/g) than free (39.16-89.61 mg GAE/g) throughout harvesting maturity. The polyphenols were strongly affected after in vitro digestion, however, salicylic, syringic and benzoic acids are the most bioaccessible. The free polyphenols of variety IRAD4115 had the highest value of FRAP (35.17 μg TE/g) at 12 months after planting (MAP), while, bound polyphenols showed the lowest DPPH (6.59 μg TE/g, variety EN at 12MAP). The antioxidant activity value evaluated by DPPH method was decreased significantly after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. However, there was no significant difference between antioxidant activity of bioaccessible polyphenols (77.71 μg TE/g) and methanolic polyphenols (79.17 μg TE/g) assessed by FRAP method. These findings showed the stability of antioxidant potential of polyphenols in cassava leaves harvested at different periods after in vitro digestion. Thus cassava leaves harvested at appropriate maturity can be used as ingredient of functional food for nutraceutical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alphonse Laya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 814 Maroua, Cameroon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 814 Maroua, Cameroon
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Higher Teachers’ Training College of Maroua, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 55 Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Benoît B. Koubala
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 814 Maroua, Cameroon
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Higher Teachers’ Training College of Maroua, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 55 Maroua, Cameroon
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Abstract
In this study, the effect of enzymatic pre-treatment and the size of cassava tubers on mechanical peeling was examined. Cassava tubers were sorted based on their mass as small, medium and large. Viscozyme® L and an abrasive cassava peeling machine was used for the enzymatic pre-treatment and the mechanical peeling, respectively. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the effect of the enzyme dose (0.5–1.9 mL g−1), incubation time (1.5–6 h), peeling time (1.5–4.5 min) and size of the tubers (small, medium and large) on the peeling process. Peeled surface area (PSA) and peel loss (PL) were measured as main responses in RSM. Results showed that the PSA and PL were significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by the enzyme dose, incubation time and peeling time. The size of tubers only had a significant impact on the PSA. The optimum operating conditions for different sizes of tubers were found and validated. Under optimum conditions, the PSA of the large tubers (89.52%) was significantly higher than the PSA of the medium and small tubers (p < 0.05). Application of enzymatic pre-treatment can improve the mechanical peeling process especially for larger cassava tubers.
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da Silva Santos BR, Requião Silva EF, Minho LAC, Brandão GC, Pinto dos Santos AM, Carvalho dos Santos WP, Lopes Silva MV, Lopes dos Santos WN. Evaluation of the nutritional composition in effect of processing cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta) using multivariate analysis techniques. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Zhang C, Zhu X, Zhang F, Yang X, Ni L, Zhang W, Liu Z, Zhang Y. Improving viscosity and gelling properties of leaf pectin by comparing five pectin extraction methods using green tea leaf as a model material. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Castro‐Alba V, Lazarte CE, Bergenståhl B, Granfeldt Y. Phytate, iron, zinc, and calcium content of common Bolivian foods and their estimated mineral bioavailability. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:2854-2865. [PMID: 31572579 PMCID: PMC6766547 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a scarcity of information on mineral and phytate content in plant-based foods in Bolivia. This study aimed to analyze iron, zinc, calcium, and phytate content and estimate the mineral bioavailability of foods consumed in Chapare, Bolivia. Minerals and phytate were analyzed, and bioavailability was estimated in 17 food samples. Leafy vegetables and green legumes had the highest mineral content, followed by pseudocereals. Estimated mineral bioavailability was low for cereals, dry legumes, pseudocereals, and flaxseeds foods mainly due to phytate content. But estimated zinc bioavailability for black cornmeal, yellow corn, and dry peas was moderate. Strong correlations (p < 0.01) were found between the three minerals, while phytate correlated negatively to iron, zinc, and calcium. To get an overview of the estimated mineral bioavailability of plant-based diets, we have included foods, from the same area, analyzed in a previous study where the evaluated diet covers 80% of RNI for iron and zinc, but <40% of calcium. In conclusion, leafy vegetables and green legumes had the highest contents of minerals and the lowest phytate content of the foods analyzed in the study. The usage of processing strategies and dietary diversification to reduce phytate content would significantly improve estimated mineral bioavailability in plant-based diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Castro‐Alba
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and NutritionLund UniversityLundSweden
- Food and Natural Products CenterSan Simón UniversityCochabambaBolivia
| | | | - Björn Bergenståhl
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and NutritionLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Yvonne Granfeldt
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and NutritionLund UniversityLundSweden
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Hawashi M, Altway A, Widjaja T, Gunawan S. Optimization of process conditions for tannin content reduction in cassava leaves during solid state fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02298. [PMID: 31463400 PMCID: PMC6709382 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cassava leaves are a crucial source of alternative protein resources for both humans and livestock in developing societies in African and Asian countries that do not have easy access to available protein sources. Hence, cassava has the capacity to promote the economic development of these countries and provide food security. However, it has some disadvantages due to the anti-nutrient compounds present in its tissues, which limits the nutritional value of cassava leaves. Thus, proper processing of cassava leaves is essential in order to reduce the anti-nutrients to a safer limit before utilization. This study focuses on reducing the tannin content of cassava leaves during solid-state fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In addition, the Box-Behnken design of the Response Surface Methodology was applied to optimize various process parameters, such as carbon concentration, nitrogen concentration, moisture content, and incubation time for maximum reduction of tannin content in cassava leaves. A quadratic model was developed for the reduction of tannin content, which resulted in a perfect fit of the experimental data (p < 0.01). The optimal conditions were found at 1.4% (w/w) of carbon concentration, 0.55% (w/w) of nitrogen concentration, 57% (v/w) moisture content, and an incubation time of 96 h. The minimum tannin content obtained under these conditions was 0.125%, which indicated a reduction of 89.32 % in tannin content. Conversely, the protein content was increased with a further increase in fermentation time from 24 to 96 h (from 10.08 to 14.11-16.07 %). Furthermore, the ability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to produce tannase under solid-state fermentation of cassava leaves was also studied. The maximum yield was obtained with an enzyme activity of 0.53 U/gds after 72 h of incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Setiyo Gunawan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia
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Freeze–Thaw Pre-Treatment of Cassava Tubers to Improve Efficiency of Mechanical Peeling. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9142856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effect of a freeze–thaw pre-treatment (FTP) on the peeling process of cassava tubers was investigated in this study. The length and weight of the cassava tubers varied from 200 to 280 mm and 500 to 900 g, respectively. A prototype abrasive cassava peeling machine was used. The operational parameters were the rotational speed of the brushes (550–1150 rpm), peeling time (1–5 min), thawing temperature (50–90 °C), and incubation time of the thawing treatment (0–120 s). Response surface methodology was applied to optimize FTP to improve the peeling process of cassava tubers. Peeled surface area and peel loss were measured as the responses. Results revealed that the peeled surface area and peel loss were significantly influenced by the rotational speed of the brushes, peeling time, and the incubation time of the thawing treatment (p < 0.05). Under optimal peeling conditions, with a rotational speed of 1000 rpm, a peeling time of 3.4 min, a thawing temperature of 59 °C, and an incubation time of 90 s, the peeled surface and the peel loss were approximately 99.5 and 19%, respectively. The results show that the use of FTP can improve cassava peeling by softening the peels and increasing the peeled surface area.
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47
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Barati Z, Latif S, Müller J. Enzymatic hydrolysis of cassava peels as potential pre-treatment for peeling of cassava tubers. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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48
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Tao H, Cui B, Zhang H, Bekhit AED, Lu F. Identification and characterization of flavonoids compounds in cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz) by HPLC/FTICR-MS. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2019.1626879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiteng Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Feijie Lu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, China
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49
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Latif S, Zimmermann S, Barati Z, Müller J. Detoxification of Cassava Leaves by Thermal, Sodium Bicarbonate, Enzymatic, and Ultrasonic Treatments. J Food Sci 2019; 84:1986-1991. [PMID: 31192461 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cassava leaves are a valuable source of protein but the cyanogenic potential limits their use as food and feed. Four different treatments were investigated to detoxify cassava leaves. Thermal (55 °C for 6 hr), sodium bicarbonate (0.4% NaHCO3 , 55 °C for 6 hr), enzymatic (0.32% Multifect® GC Extra, 4 hr), and ultrasonic treatments (500 W, 35 kHz, 55 °C, 0.25 hr) reduced the total cyanide (µg HCN equivalents per g fresh leaf or ppm) content by 90%, 93%, 82%, and 84% while the cyanide content reduction in the respective controls was 85%, 90%, 79%, and 84%, respectively. The sodium bicarbonate treatment was found to be the most effective treatment. Therefore, it was further optimized by varying time and temperature. A significant effect on the cyanide content was observed by changing the incubation time while no significant effect of temperature was noticed. Nevertheless, extended incubation time during sodium bicarbonate treatment reduced ascorbic acid content by 7% and 39% when leaves were incubated with sodium bicarbonate for 0.5 hr and 48 hr, respectively. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Cyanogenic glucosides are the major toxic compound in cassava leaves, which limits their use as food and feed. The methods proposed in this study can be used to detoxify cassava leaves, which are generally considered as an inferior by-product. Hence, detoxified cassava leaves may contribute to fulfil world protein demand in an eco-sustainable way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Latif
- Inst. of Agriculture Engineering (440e), Tropics and Subtropics Group, Univ. of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sonja Zimmermann
- Inst. of Agriculture Engineering (440e), Tropics and Subtropics Group, Univ. of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ziba Barati
- Inst. of Agriculture Engineering (440e), Tropics and Subtropics Group, Univ. of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Joachim Müller
- Inst. of Agriculture Engineering (440e), Tropics and Subtropics Group, Univ. of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
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Arthur FH, Morrison WR, Morey AC. Modeling the potential range expansion of larger grain borer, Prostephanus truncatus (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Sci Rep 2019; 9:6862. [PMID: 31053737 PMCID: PMC6499817 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42974-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae), is a beetle that is a member of a family that is primarily comprised of wood-boring insects, including forest insect pests. It is native to Mexico and Central America, where it has adapted to become a pest of stored maize. It was accidentally introduced into Africa in late 1970s, where it quickly spread throughout the sub-Saharan region, perhaps aided by adaptation to alternate hosts and the ability to persist in non-agricultural habitats. We used the correlative modelling algorithm, MaxEnt, to identify global areas of potential high suitability based on the climate locations with documented populations. Predictions using a model trained in Mexico + Central America showed potential high climatic suitability extending north into the southern United States and southward into South America, including parts of Argentina, but predictions using a model built from African occurrences did not include those areas as highly suitable. However, there was general agreement in both models that large areas of the tropics in the Western Hemisphere and in Asia have climatic conditions that could support P. truncatus if it were to become established. The models also showed consistency in capturing potential suitability at sites not used to build a given model. Results can be used as an initial guide to establish surveillance programs to monitor for this insect in high risk areas where it is not currently found, and to proactively mitigate the biosecurity risk from P. truncatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank H Arthur
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, 1515 College Ave., Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA.
| | - William R Morrison
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, 1515 College Ave., Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA
| | - Amy C Morey
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 1980 Folwell Ave., 219 Hodson Hall, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
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