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Schmittling SR, Muhammad D, Haque S, Long TA, Williams CM. Cellular clarity: a logistic regression approach to identify root epidermal regulators of iron deficiency response. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:620. [PMID: 37853316 PMCID: PMC10583470 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09714-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants respond to stress through highly tuned regulatory networks. While prior works identified master regulators of iron deficiency responses in A. thaliana from whole-root data, identifying regulators that act at the cellular level is critical to a more comprehensive understanding of iron homeostasis. Within the root epidermis complex molecular mechanisms that facilitate iron reduction and uptake from the rhizosphere are known to be regulated by bHLH transcriptional regulators. However, many questions remain about the regulatory mechanisms that control these responses, and how they may integrate with developmental processes within the epidermis. Here, we use transcriptional profiling to gain insight into root epidermis-specific regulatory processes. RESULTS Set comparisons of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between whole root and epidermis transcript measurements identified differences in magnitude and timing of organ-level vs. epidermis-specific responses. Utilizing a unique sampling method combined with a mutual information metric across time-lagged and non-time-lagged windows, we identified relationships between clusters of functionally relevant differentially expressed genes suggesting that developmental regulatory processes may act upstream of well-known Fe-specific responses. By integrating static data (DNA motif information) with time-series transcriptomic data and employing machine learning approaches, specifically logistic regression models with LASSO, we also identified putative motifs that served as crucial features for predicting differentially expressed genes. Twenty-eight transcription factors (TFs) known to bind to these motifs were not differentially expressed, indicating that these TFs may be regulated post-transcriptionally or post-translationally. Notably, many of these TFs also play a role in root development and general stress response. CONCLUSIONS This work uncovered key differences in -Fe response identified using whole root data vs. cell-specific root epidermal data. Machine learning approaches combined with additional static data identified putative regulators of -Fe response that would not have been identified solely through transcriptomic profiles and reveal how developmental and general stress responses within the epidermis may act upstream of more specialized -Fe responses for Fe uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene R Schmittling
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA
| | | | - Samiul Haque
- Life Sciences Customer Advisory, SAS Institute Inc, Cary, USA
| | - Terri A Long
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA
| | - Cranos M Williams
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA.
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2
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Feng Y, Wassie T, Wu Y, Wu X. Advances on novel iron saccharide-iron (III) complexes as nutritional supplements. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37366165 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2222175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Iron deficiency is prevalent worldwide, and iron supplementation is a promising strategy to address iron needs of the body. However, traditional oral supplements such as ferrous sulfate, ferrous succinate, and ferrous gluconate are absorbed in the form of ferrous ions, leading to lipid peroxidation and side effects due to other reasons. In recent years, saccharide-iron (III) complexes (SICs) as novel iron supplements have aroused attention for the high iron absorption rate and no gastrointestinal irritation at oral doses. In addition, research on the biological activities of SICs revealed that they also exhibited good abilities in treating anemia, eliminating free radicals, and regulating the immune response. This review focused on the preparation, structural characterization, and bioactivities of these new iron supplements, as promising candidates for the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Feng
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Teketay Wassie
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
| | - Yuying Wu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
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3
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Singh M, Nara U, Rani N, Pathak D, Sangha MK, Kaur K. Mineral Content Variation in Leaves, Stalks, and Seeds of Celery (Apium graveolens L.) Genotypes. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:2665-2673. [PMID: 35876947 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03359-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Celery is an important nutritionally rich crop in the family Apiaceae. It is cultivated worldwide for food as well as for use in pharmaceutics. It is an excellent source of minerals, vitamins, and phytochemicals. Identification of superior genotypes with improved nutritional content is the requirement to develop cultivars for commercial cultivation. For mineral analysis of celery, an experiment was carried out taking 20 diverse genotypes. These genotypes were analysed for macro- and micronutrients which include nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and sodium (Na). The study revealed high content of K (20.3-26.1 mg/g dry weight (DW)) and Zn (0.09-0.14 mg/g DW) in leaves while the stalks were rich in Ca (41.5-51.3 mg/g DW) and Na (5.2-8.0 mg/g DW). High contents of P (5.2-6.8 mg/g DW), Fe (0.41-0.56 mg/g DW), Cu (0.015-0.026 mg/g DW), and Mn (0.020-0.029 mg/g DW) were observed in seeds. Based on the mineral content, three genotypes, viz., PAU2, PAU4, and PAU7, were found to be superior in terms of mineral composition in leaves, stalks, and seeds. Cluster analysis divided the genotypes into two major groups. These genotypes can be used in crosses as they showed great potential for use in biofortification. This study opens newer avenues for future research, encouraging researchers to enhance the product quality and production efficiency of the leaves, stalks, and seeds valuable for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Singh
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Usha Nara
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
| | - Neeraj Rani
- School of Organic Farming, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Dharminder Pathak
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Manjeet Kaur Sangha
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Kirandeep Kaur
- Department of Agronomy, Dyal Bharang, PAU-Research Station, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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Krishna TPA, Ceasar SA, Maharajan T. Biofortification of Crops to Fight Anemia: Role of Vacuolar Iron Transporters. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3583-3598. [PMID: 36802625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant-based foods provide all the crucial nutrients for human health. Among these, iron (Fe) is one of the essential micronutrients for plants and humans. A lack of Fe is a major limiting factor affecting crop quality, production, and human health. There are people who suffer from various health problems due to the low intake of Fe in their plant-based foods. Anemia has become a serious public health issue due to Fe deficiency. Enhancing Fe content in the edible part of food crops is a major thrust area for scientists worldwide. Recent progress in nutrient transporters has provided an opportunity to resolve Fe deficiency or nutritional problems in plants and humans. Understanding the structure, function, and regulation of Fe transporters is essential to address Fe deficiency in plants and to improve Fe content in staple food crops. In this review, we summarized the role of Fe transporter family members in the uptake, cellular and intercellular movement, and long-distance transport of Fe in plants. We draw insights into the role of vacuolar membrane transporters in the crop for Fe biofortification. We also provide structural and functional insights into cereal crops' vacuolar iron transporters (VITs). This review will help highlight the importance of VITs for improving the Fe biofortification of crops and alleviating Fe deficiency in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stanislaus Antony Ceasar
- Division of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Kochi 683104, Kerala, India
| | - Theivanayagam Maharajan
- Division of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Kochi 683104, Kerala, India
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Wang T, Wang N, Lu Q, Lang S, Wang K, Niu L, Suzuki M, Zuo Y. The active Fe chelator proline-2'-deoxymugineic acid enhances peanut yield by improving soil Fe availability and plant Fe status. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:239-250. [PMID: 36207784 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) deficiency restricts crop yields in calcareous soil. Thus, a novel Fe chelator, proline-2'-deoxymugineic acid (PDMA), based on the natural phytosiderophore 2'-deoxymugineic acid (DMA), was developed to solve the Fe deficiency problem. However, the effects and mechanisms of PDMA relevant to the Fe nutrition and yield of dicots grown under field conditions require further exploration. In this study, pot and field experiments with calcareous soil were conducted to investigate the effects of PDMA on the Fe nutrition and yield of peanuts. The results demonstrated that PDMA could dissolve insoluble Fe in the rhizosphere and up-regulate the expression of the yellow stripe-like family gene AhYSL1 to improve the Fe nutrition of peanut plants. Moreover, the chlorosis and growth inhibition caused by Fe deficiency were significantly diminished. Notably, under field conditions, the peanut yield and kernel micronutrient contents were promoted by PDMA application. Our results indicate that PDMA promotes the dissolution of insoluble Fe and a rich supply of Fe in the rhizosphere, increasing yields through integrated improvements in soil-plant Fe nutrition at the molecular and ecological levels. In conclusion, the efficacy of PDMA for improving the Fe nutrition and yield of peanut indicates its outstanding potential for agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Nanqi Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaofang Lu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Lang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kunguang Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Niu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Motofumi Suzuki
- Frontier Research and Development Division, Aichi Steel Corporation, Tokai, Japan
| | - Yuanmei Zuo
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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6
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Sneak-peek into iron deficiency anemia in India: The need for food-based interventions and enhancing iron bioavailability. Food Res Int 2022; 162:111927. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Biofortification of Three Cultivated Mushroom Species with Three Iron Salts—Potential for a New Iron-Rich Superfood. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072328. [PMID: 35408727 PMCID: PMC9000346 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms fortified with iron (Fe) can offer a promising alternative to counter the worldwide deficiency problem. However, the factors that may influence the efficiency of fortification have not yet been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of three Fe forms (FeCl3 6H2O, FeSO4 7H2O, or FeHBED) in three concentrations (5, 10, or 50 mM) for three mushroom species (Pleurotus eryngii, P. ostreatus, or Pholiota nameko) on their chemical composition, phenolic compounds, and organic acid production. The most effective metal accumulation of all the investigated species was for the 50 mM addition. FeCl3 6H2O was the most favorable additive for P. eryngii and P. nameko (up to 145 and 185% Fe more than in the control, respectively) and FeHBED for P. ostreatus (up to 108% Fe more than in control). Additionally, P. nameko showed the highest Fe accumulation among studied species (89.2 ± 7.51 mg kg−1 DW). The creation of phenolic acids was generally inhibited by Fe salt supplementation. However, an increasing effect on phenolic acid concentration was observed for P. ostreatus cultivated at 5 mM FeCl3 6H2O and for P. eryngii cultivated at 5 mM FeCl3 6H2O and 5 mM FeSO4 7H2O. In the case of organic acids, a similar situation was observed. For P. ostreatus, FeSO4 7H2O and FeHBED salts increased the formation of the determined organic acids in fruiting bodies. P. eryngii and P. nameko were characterized by a much lower content of organic acids in the systems supplemented with Fe. Based on the obtained results, we recommend starting fortification by preliminarily indicating which form of the element is preferred for the species of interest for supplementation. It also seems that using an additive concentration of 50 mM or higher is most effective.
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8
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Liu Y, Ma X, Si X, Lai W. Preparation, characterization, and properties of wampee seed antioxidant peptides‐iron chelate. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering Zhaoqing University Zhaoqing China
| | - Xiu‐Yun Ma
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering Zhaoqing University Zhaoqing China
| | - Xin‐Xin Si
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering Zhaoqing University Zhaoqing China
| | - Wen‐Feng Lai
- Zhaoqing Food Inspection Institute Zhaoqing China
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Shakoor N, Adeel M, Zain M, Zhang P, Ahmad MA, Farooq T, Zhou P, Azeem I, Rizwan M, Guo K, Jilani G, Ahmar S, Maqbool S, Ming X, Rui Y. Exposure of cherry radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. Radculus Pers) to iron-based nanoparticles enhances its nutritional quality by trigging the essential elements. NANOIMPACT 2022; 25:100388. [PMID: 35559894 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2022.100388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) deficiency is a pervasive nutritional disorder, and producing vegetables enriched with Fe as a dietary source is imperative. Herein, Fe3O4, FeO(OH), α-Fe2O3, β-Fe2O3, γ-Fe3O4, and nZVI nanoparticles (NPs) were applied in soil as fertilizer to enhance the Fe nutrition in cherry radish. The highest enhancement of Fe content (58%) was observed in Fe3O4 treatment at 100 mg kg-1, followed by FeO(OH) (49%), α-Fe2O3 (24%), nZVI (14%), β-Fe2O3 (13%) and γ-Fe3O4 (4%). The daily intake of Fe was 97-104% and 77-91% with Fe3O4 and FeO(OH) at 100-200 mg kg-1, respectively. Moreover, the zinc, vitamin C and crude protein contents were also increased by 37, 48 and 67% under Fe3O4 treatment as compared to control. Fe3O4 at 100 mg kg-1 also increased the essential amino acids (phenylalanine, leucine and isoleucine) contents by 11-14%. These data suggest that Fe3O4 and FeO(OH) NPs could be effective nanofertilizers to enhance Fe nutrition in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noman Shakoor
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Muhammad Adeel
- BNU-HKUST Laboratory of Green Innovation, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, 18 Jinfeng Road, Tangjiawan, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.
| | - Muhammad Zain
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK
| | - Muhammad Arslan Ahmad
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Tahir Farooq
- Plant Protection Research Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Pingfan Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Imran Azeem
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Kerui Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Ghulam Jilani
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Sunny Ahmar
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Saliha Maqbool
- Department of soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota, 55108, USA
| | - Xu Ming
- BNU-HKUST Laboratory of Green Innovation, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, 18 Jinfeng Road, Tangjiawan, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Yukui Rui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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Shahidi F, Pan Y. Influence of food matrix and food processing on the chemical interaction and bioaccessibility of dietary phytochemicals: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:6421-6445. [PMID: 33787422 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1901650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of phytochemicals-rich foods shows the health effect on some chronic diseases. However, the bioaccessibility of these phytochemicals is extremely low, and they are often consumed in the diet along with the food matrix. The food matrix can be described as a complex assembly of various physical and chemical interactions that take place between the compounds present in the food. Some studies indicated that the physiological response and the health benefits of phytochemicals are resultant in these interactions. Some food substrates inhibit the absorption of phytochemicals via this interaction. Moreover, processing technologies have been developed to facilitate the release and/or to increase the accessibility of phytochemicals in plants or breakdown of the food matrix. Food processing processes may disrupt the activity of phytochemicals or reduce bioaccessibility. Enhancement of functional and sensorial attributes of phytochemicals in the daily diet may be achieved by modifying the food matrix and food processing in appropriate ways. Therefore, this review concisely elaborated on the mechanism and the influence of food matrix in different parts of the digestive tract in the human body, the chemical interaction between phytochemicals and other compounds in a food matrix, and the various food processing technologies on the bioaccessibility and chemical interaction of dietary phytochemicals. Moreover, the enhancing of phytochemical bioaccessibility through food matrix design and the positive/negative of food processing for dietary phytochemicals was also discussed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereidoon Shahidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Yao Pan
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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11
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Yadav B, Jogawat A, Lal SK, Lakra N, Mehta S, Shabek N, Narayan OP. Plant mineral transport systems and the potential for crop improvement. PLANTA 2021; 253:45. [PMID: 33483879 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03551-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient transporter genes could be a potential candidate for improving crop plants, with enhanced nutrient uptake leading to increased crop yield by providing tolerance against different biotic and abiotic stresses. The world's food supply is nearing a crisis in meeting the demands of an ever-growing global population, and an increase in both yield and nutrient value of major crops is vitally necessary to meet the increased population demand. Nutrients play an important role in plant metabolism as well as growth and development, and nutrient deficiency results in retarded plant growth and leads to reduced crop yield. A variety of cellular processes govern crop plant nutrient absorption from the soil. Among these, nutrient membrane transporters play an important role in the acquisition of nutrients from soil and transport of these nutrients to their target sites. In addition, as excess nutrient delivery has toxic effects on plant growth, these membrane transporters also play a significant role in the removal of excess nutrients in the crop plant. The key function provided by membrane transporters is the ability to supply the crop plant with an adequate level of tolerance against environmental stresses, such as soil acidity, alkalinity, salinity, drought, and pathogen attack. Membrane transporter genes have been utilized for the improvement of crop plants, with enhanced nutrient uptake leading to increased crop yield by providing tolerance against different biotic and abiotic stresses. Further understanding of the basic mechanisms of nutrient transport in crop plants could facilitate the advanced design of engineered plant crops to achieve increased yield and improve nutrient quality through the use of genetic technologies as well as molecular breeding. This review is focused on nutrient toxicity and tolerance mechanisms in crop plants to aid in understanding and addressing the anticipated global food demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu Yadav
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhimanyu Jogawat
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Shambhu Krishan Lal
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Nita Lakra
- Department of Biotechnology, CCS HAU, Hisar, India
| | - Sahil Mehta
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Nitzan Shabek
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Woldetsadik D, Llorent-Martínez EJ, Ortega-Barrales P, Haile A, Hailu H, Madani N, Warner NS, Fleming DEB. Contents of Metal(loid)s in a Traditional Ethiopian Flat Bread (Injera), Dietary Intake, and Health Risk Assessment in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 198:732-743. [PMID: 32281073 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02099-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The traditional Ethiopian flat bread, injera, is a regular component of daily diets in Ethiopia and Eritrea. This bread is also popular among urban refugees particularly Eritreans in Addis Ababa. The levels of metal(loid)s in 40 composite (120 sub-samples) injera samples, representing 4 types of market establishments in Addis Ababa, were determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF). For ICP-MS analysis, the accuracy of the method was evaluated by the analysis of a certified reference material and recovery experiments. It was found that the correlations between the mean levels of Al and Fe and between Al and Mn in injera were highly significant (p < 0.001). It was also found that 1.5 fresh injeras would cover 48-75% of recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for Mg, 17-21% of RDA for K, 19-23% of RDA for Ca, and 60-72% of RDA for P for an adult group aged between 19 and 50. Daily intakes of Al, Fe, and Mn were found to be above the provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI)/maximum tolerable daily intake (MTDI) values. The mean target hazard quotient (THQ) values for Fe and Mn were greater than 1. The total THQ values varied from 6.52 to 8.53 among market establishments. Estimating carcinogenic risk due to exposure to As, Cr, and Pb indicated that perennial injera consumers might remain at cancer risk. This would further escalate if other staple food items and spices are considered. Hence, there is a need for home-based strategies to reduce extrinsic soil-Al-Fe-Mn in injera/tef batter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desta Woldetsadik
- Department of Soil and Water Resources Management, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
| | - Eulogio J Llorent-Martínez
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Pilar Ortega-Barrales
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Abinet Haile
- Department of Chemistry, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Hillette Hailu
- Department of Soil and Water Resources Management, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Nelly Madani
- Physics Department, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Noah S Warner
- Physics Department, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - David E B Fleming
- Physics Department, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada
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Vilca-Cáceres VA, Gómez-Pacco NL, Vargas Callo WDR. Calidad nutricional y niveles de aceptabilidad de productos innovados con base a pescado: empanizados y kamaboko. JOURNAL OF THE SELVA ANDINA RESEARCH SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.36610/j.jsars.2020.110200153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Rusu IG, Suharoschi R, Vodnar DC, Pop CR, Socaci SA, Vulturar R, Istrati M, Moroșan I, Fărcaș AC, Kerezsi AD, Mureșan CI, Pop OL. Iron Supplementation Influence on the Gut Microbiota and Probiotic Intake Effect in Iron Deficiency-A Literature-Based Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1993. [PMID: 32635533 PMCID: PMC7400826 DOI: 10.3390/nu12071993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency in the human body is a global issue with an impact on more than two billion individuals worldwide. The most important functions ensured by adequate amounts of iron in the body are related to transport and storage of oxygen, electron transfer, mediation of oxidation-reduction reactions, synthesis of hormones, the replication of DNA, cell cycle restoration and control, fixation of nitrogen, and antioxidant effects. In the case of iron deficiency, even marginal insufficiencies may impair the proper functionality of the human body. On the other hand, an excess in iron concentration has a major impact on the gut microbiota composition. There are several non-genetic causes that lead to iron deficiencies, and thus, several approaches in their treatment. The most common methods are related to food fortifications and supplements. In this review, following a summary of iron metabolism and its health implications, we analyzed the scientific literature for the influence of iron fortification and supplementation on the gut microbiome and the effect of probiotics, prebiotics, and/or synbiotics in iron absorption and availability for the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Gabriela Rusu
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.G.R.); (R.S.); (D.C.V.); (C.R.P.); (S.A.S.); (A.C.F.); (A.D.K.); (C.I.M.)
| | - Ramona Suharoschi
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.G.R.); (R.S.); (D.C.V.); (C.R.P.); (S.A.S.); (A.C.F.); (A.D.K.); (C.I.M.)
| | - Dan Cristian Vodnar
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.G.R.); (R.S.); (D.C.V.); (C.R.P.); (S.A.S.); (A.C.F.); (A.D.K.); (C.I.M.)
| | - Carmen Rodica Pop
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.G.R.); (R.S.); (D.C.V.); (C.R.P.); (S.A.S.); (A.C.F.); (A.D.K.); (C.I.M.)
| | - Sonia Ancuța Socaci
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.G.R.); (R.S.); (D.C.V.); (C.R.P.); (S.A.S.); (A.C.F.); (A.D.K.); (C.I.M.)
| | - Romana Vulturar
- Department of Molecular Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, University Babes-Bolyai, 400327 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Magdalena Istrati
- Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology “Prof. Dr. Octavian Fodor”, 400158 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ioana Moroșan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Anca Corina Fărcaș
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.G.R.); (R.S.); (D.C.V.); (C.R.P.); (S.A.S.); (A.C.F.); (A.D.K.); (C.I.M.)
| | - Andreea Diana Kerezsi
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.G.R.); (R.S.); (D.C.V.); (C.R.P.); (S.A.S.); (A.C.F.); (A.D.K.); (C.I.M.)
| | - Carmen Ioana Mureșan
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.G.R.); (R.S.); (D.C.V.); (C.R.P.); (S.A.S.); (A.C.F.); (A.D.K.); (C.I.M.)
| | - Oana Lelia Pop
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.G.R.); (R.S.); (D.C.V.); (C.R.P.); (S.A.S.); (A.C.F.); (A.D.K.); (C.I.M.)
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Delompré T, Guichard E, Briand L, Salles C. Taste Perception of Nutrients Found in Nutritional Supplements: A Review. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092050. [PMID: 31480669 PMCID: PMC6770818 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional supplements are prescribed when one’s nutritional status is not conducive to good health. These foodstuffs constitute concentrated sources of nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and fatty acids. For nutritional supplements to be effective, patients must consume the amount that has been prescribed for the recommended period of time. Therefore, special attention must be given to the sensory attributes of these products. Indeed, the presence of active compounds can cause an off-taste or aftertaste. These negative sensations can lead to a reduction in the consumption of nutritional supplements and reduce the effectiveness of the treatment. In this manuscript, we provide an overview of the sensory characteristics and the sensing receptor mechanism of the main compounds present in oral nutritional supplements, such as amino acids, minerals, fatty acids, and vitamins. Part of this article is devoted to the development of new masking strategies and the corresponding potential influence at the industrial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Delompré
- CSGA (Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation), AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Elisabeth Guichard
- CSGA (Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation), AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Loïc Briand
- CSGA (Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation), AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Christian Salles
- CSGA (Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation), AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000 Dijon, France.
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Tsykhanovska I, Evlash V, Alexandrov A, Gontar T. Dissolution Kinetics of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles in the Acid Media. CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.23939/chcht13.02.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Rousseau S, Kyomugasho C, Celus M, Hendrickx MEG, Grauwet T. Barriers impairing mineral bioaccessibility and bioavailability in plant-based foods and the perspectives for food processing. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:826-843. [PMID: 30632768 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1552243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Plant-based foods gain more importance since they play a key role in sustainable, low-meat and healthy diets. In developing countries, these food products, especially legumes and cereals, are important staple foods. Nevertheless, the question arises on how efficient they are to deliver minerals and if it is useful to encourage their consumption to reduce the prevalence of mineral deficiencies? This review paper focuses on the discrepancy between the mineral content and the amount of minerals that can be released and absorbed from plant-based foods during human digestion which can be attributed to several inherent factors such as the presence of mineral antinutrients (phytic acid, polyphenols and dietary fiber) and physical barriers (surrounding macronutrients and cell wall). Further, this review paper summarizes the effects of different processing techniques (milling, soaking, dehulling, fermentation, germination and thermal processing) on mineral bioaccessibility and bioavailability of plant-based foods. The positive impact of these techniques mostly relies on the fact that antinutrients levels are reduced due to removal of fractions rich in antinutrients and/or due to their leaching into the processing liquid. Although processing can have a positive effect, it also can induce leaching out of minerals and a reduced mineral bioaccessibility and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Rousseau
- Laboratory of Food Technology, Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Clare Kyomugasho
- Laboratory of Food Technology, Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Miete Celus
- Laboratory of Food Technology, Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc E G Hendrickx
- Laboratory of Food Technology, Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tara Grauwet
- Laboratory of Food Technology, Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Sabet H, Mortazaeinezhad F. Yield, growth and Fe uptake of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) affected by Fe-nano, Fe-chelated and Fe-siderophore fertilization in the calcareous soils. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 50:154-160. [PMID: 30262273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) from the Apiaceae family and as an important medicinal plant is greatly used for food production and medicinal purposes. The plant requires macro- and micro-nutrients including iron (Fe), which is not available under calcareous conditions. Accordingly, it was hypothesized the proper source (including the new methods of fertilization) and concentration of Fe can provide cumin with its required amounts of Fe under calcareous soils. The objectives were to determine: 1) the most efficient source of Fe fertilization (by spraying) on cumin yield and Fe uptake, and 2) the most optimum Fe concentration for cumin growth, yield production and seed fortification. A field experiment, as a completely randomized block design, with three replicates was conducted in the city of Aligudarz, Lorestan province, Iran. The cumin plants were sprayed twice during the season, before and after flowering (with a 10 day interval) according to the manufacturing Company. Three different types of Fe fertilization including Fe-nano-chelated (Fe-N), Fe-chelated (Fe-C) and Fe-siderophore (Fe-S) with the concentrations of 0 (control), 0.5 and 1 g/l were used for the experiment. Different plant parameters including grain Fe, crop yield, weight of 1000 grains, grain length, root length and stem length were determined. The highest yield of single plant was resulted by Fe-N1 (250 mg). Fe-N1 (3.8 g) and Fe-C1 (4.0 g) resulted in the highest weight of 1000 grains. However, the highest Fe concentration was related to treatment Fe-S1 (9.4 mg/kg). Plants treated with Fe-N (24.9 cm) and Fe-C (25.0 cm) treatments had the highest plant height. The highest root length was resulted by the Fe-N (8.9 cm) and Fe-C (9.1 cm) treatments. The control treatment resulted in the highest rate of root length/stem length (0.41). Treating the plants with Fe-C treatments resulted in the highest and significantly different grain length (6.8 mm). The concentration of 1 g/l of nano, chelated and siderophores were the most effective, significantly enhancing cumin yield and grain fortification. The results indicated the significant effects of Fe-N on plant yield and Fe uptake followed by the Fe-C method. The findings of this research work indicated that the Fe-N and the Fe-C methods were the most efficient methods enhancing cumin growth and yield. However, the most efficient method for seed fortification was the Fe-S method. The findings are of great nutritional, environmental and economical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilma Sabet
- Department of Horticulture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Forogh Mortazaeinezhad
- Department of Horticulture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
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Gabaza M, Shumoy H, Muchuweti M, Vandamme P, Raes K. Baobab fruit pulp and mopane worm as potential functional ingredients to improve the iron and zinc content and bioaccessibility of fermented cereals. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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20
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Does Dietary Fiber Affect the Levels of Nutritional Components after Feed Formulation? FIBERS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/fib6020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Shukla A, Dasgupta N, Ranjan S, Singh S, Chidambram R. Nanotechnology towards prevention of anaemia and osteoporosis: from concept to market. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2017.1335615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Shukla
- Nano-Food Research Group, Instrumental and Food Analysis Laboratory, Industrial Biotechnology Division, School of BioSciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - Nandita Dasgupta
- Nano-Food Research Group, Instrumental and Food Analysis Laboratory, Industrial Biotechnology Division, School of BioSciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - Shivendu Ranjan
- Nano-Food Research Group, Instrumental and Food Analysis Laboratory, Industrial Biotechnology Division, School of BioSciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
- Research Wing, Veer Kunwar Singh Memorial Trust, Chapra, India
- Xpert Arena Technological Services Pvt. Ltd., Chapra, India
| | - Satnam Singh
- Nano-Food Research Group, Instrumental and Food Analysis Laboratory, Industrial Biotechnology Division, School of BioSciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - Ramalingam Chidambram
- Nano-Food Research Group, Instrumental and Food Analysis Laboratory, Industrial Biotechnology Division, School of BioSciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
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22
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Gharibzahedi SMT, Jafari SM. The importance of minerals in human nutrition: Bioavailability, food fortification, processing effects and nanoencapsulation. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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23
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Liu L, Cao J, Chen J, Zhang X, Wu Z, Xiang H. Effects of peptides from Phascolosoma esculenta on spatial learning and memory via anti-oxidative character in mice. Neurosci Lett 2016; 631:30-35. [PMID: 27519930 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate effects of peptides from Phascolosoma esculenta and its ferrous-chelating peptides on spatial learning and memory in mice by Morris water maze test. 100mg/kg peptide on spatial learning and memory function about quadrant time and passing times through the platform better than 50 and 150mg/kg group during exploration period (P<0.05), without body weight between the weight and visual ability. 100mg/kg ferrous-chelating peptide group performed better ability of spatial learning and memory than 100mg/kg peptide group (P<0.05). qRT-PCR results showed that 50 and 100mg/kg administration peptide and 100mg/kg ferrous-chelating peptide can significantly improve mRNA expression of NR2A, NR2B and BDNF with oxidative stress status (GSH-Px, SOD, TAC and MDA), which explained mechanism for improving learning and memory ability in mice via anti-oxidative character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianliang Liu
- School of Marine Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Jinxuan Cao
- School of Marine Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Jiong Chen
- School of Marine Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Zufang Wu
- School of Marine Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Huan Xiang
- School of Marine Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang Province, PR China
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