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Li K, Barrett K, Agger JW, Zeuner B, Meyer AS. Bioinformatics-based identification of GH12 endoxyloglucanases in citrus-pathogenic Penicillium spp. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 178:110441. [PMID: 38574421 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2024.110441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Millions of tons of citrus peel waste are produced every year as a byproduct of the juice industry. Citrus peel is rich in pectin and xyloglucan, but while the pectin is extracted for use in the food industry, the xyloglucan is currently not valorized. To target hydrolytic degradation of citrus peel xyloglucan into oligosaccharides, we have used bioinformatics to identify three glycoside hydrolase 12 (GH12) endoxyloglucanases (EC 3.2.1.151) from the citrus fruit pathogens Penicillium italicum GL-Gan1 and Penicillium digitatum Pd1 and characterized them on xyloglucan obtained by alkaline extraction from citrus peel. The enzymes displayed pH-temperature optima of pH 4.6-5.3 and 35-37°C. PdGH12 from P. digitatum and PiGH12A from P. italicum share 84% sequence identity and displayed similar kinetics, although kcat was highest for PdGH12. In contrast, PiGH12B from P. italicum, which has the otherwise conserved Trp in subsite -4 replaced with a Tyr, displayed a 3 times higher KM and a 4 times lower kcat/KM than PiGH12A, but was the most thermostable enzyme of the three Penicillium-derived endoxyloglucanases. The benchmark enzyme AnGH12 from Aspergillus nidulans was more thermally stable and had a higher pH-temperature optimum than the enzymes from Penicillum spp. The difference in structure of the xyloglucan oligosaccharides extracted from citrus peel xyloglucan and tamarind xyloglucan by the new endoxyloglucanases was determined by LC-MS. The inclusion of citrus peel xyloglucan demonstrated that the endoxyloglucanases liberated fucosylated xyloglucan oligomers, implying that these enzymes have the potential to upgrade citrus peel residues to produce oligomers useful as intermediates or bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 221, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Kristian Barrett
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 221, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Jane W Agger
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 221, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Zeuner
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 221, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark.
| | - Anne S Meyer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 221, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
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Li S, Chen H, Zeng Z, Li C. Arabinoxylan hydrolysates improved physical and oxidative stability of oil-in-water emulsions. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128798. [PMID: 38104680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
This study was to improve the physical and oxidative stability of sodium caseinate (NaCas)-stabilized oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions with arabinoxylan hydrolysates (AXHs). AXHs with different molecular sizes were prepared using xylanase treatment for 0 (AXH0), 30 (AXH30), 60 (AXH60), and 120 (AXH120) min, respectively. Compared with the emulsion without AXHs, all AXHs emulsions showed increased coalescence stability, evidenced by no change occurred in the droplet size with the pH variation from 7.0 to 5.0. Moreover, at pH 7.0 and 5.0, AXH60 and AXH120 emulsions showed no flocculation, coalescence, or creaming before and after 21 d storage. All the AXH samples showed excellent antioxidant capacities, demonstrated by the slow accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances during storage. In sum, rice bran arabinoxylans hydrolyzed ≥60 min possess a potential as effective antioxidants to form physically and oxidatively stable O/W emulsions at pH above the emulsifier pI, and substances with high antioxidant activity below the emulsifier pI still need to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- College of Food science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46 Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Yaan, Sichuan 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Food science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46 Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Yaan, Sichuan 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zeng
- College of Food science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46 Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Yaan, Sichuan 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Li
- College of Food science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46 Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Yaan, Sichuan 625014, People's Republic of China.
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Sun Y, Zhang S, Nie Q, He H, Tan H, Geng F, Ji H, Hu J, Nie S. Gut firmicutes: Relationship with dietary fiber and role in host homeostasis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:12073-12088. [PMID: 35822206 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2098249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes are the predominant bacterial phyla colonizing the healthy human gut. Accumulating evidence suggests that dietary fiber plays a crucial role in host health, yet most studies have focused on how the dietary fiber affects health through gut Bacteroides. More recently, gut Firmicutes have been found to possess many genes responsible for fermenting dietary fiber, and could also interact with the intestinal mucosa and thereby contribute to homeostasis. Consequently, the relationship between dietary fiber and Firmicutes is of interest, as well as the role of Firmicutes in host health. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the molecular mechanism of dietary fiber degradation by gut Firmicutes and explain the communication pathway of the dietary fiber-Firmicutes-host axis, and the beneficial effects of dietary fiber-induced Firmicutes and their metabolites on health. A better understanding of the dialogue sustained by the dietary fiber-Firmicutes axis and the host could provide new insights into probiotic therapy and novel dietary interventions aimed at increasing the abundance of Firmicutes (such as Faecalibacterium, Lactobacillus, and Roseburia) to promote health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qixing Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huijun He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huizi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fang Geng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haihua Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jielun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Zhang Q, Cheng J, Jiang X, Tang J, Zhu C, Chen H, Laghi L. Metabolomic Characteristics of Cecum Contents in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obese Mice Intervened with Different Fibers. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071403. [PMID: 37048225 PMCID: PMC10093315 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effect of single or mixed fibers (arabinoxylan, β-glucan, xyloglucan, and inulin) on the metabolome of cecum content in mice with obesity caused by a high-fat diet. Twenty-eight six-week-old male mice were divided randomly into seven groups (n = 4/group), including a normal-diet group (CON), a high-fat-diet group (HFD), and groups with the same high-fat diet but supplemented with arabinoxylan (HFAX), arabinoxylan + β-glucan (HFAβ), arabinoxylan + xyloglucan (HFAG), xyloglucan (HFXG), and xyloglucan + inulin (HFXI). A total of 66 molecules were identified and quantified in cecum content by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H-NMR). The metabolomic profiles combined with statistical analysis revealed compounds distinguishing the control group from those supplemented with fibers. In detail, a high-fat diet could significantly elevate the concentrations of acetone and methionine (p < 0.05) while decreasing the levels of methanol, arabinose, acetate, and 3-hydroxyphenylacetate (p < 0.05) in the cecum contents of mice. Compared to HFD, the supplementation caused higher levels of fumarate and hypoxanthine (p < 0.05) and lower levels of phenylacetate, acetate, fucose, formate, proline, betaine, and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) (p < 0.05). An enrichment analysis highlighted that the pathways mainly altered were amino sugar metabolism, aspartate metabolism, and arginine and proline metabolism. In conclusion, non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) supplementation could change the metabolomic profiles of cecum contents in obese mice as a result of a high-fat diet. Moreover, mixed NSPs exhibited more beneficial effects than singular form on gut metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jinhua Cheng
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Xiaole Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junni Tang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chenglin Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (H.C.); Tel.: +86-028-85928478 (C.Z.); +86-0835-2882212 (H.C.)
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (H.C.); Tel.: +86-028-85928478 (C.Z.); +86-0835-2882212 (H.C.)
| | - Luca Laghi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
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Xiao M, Jia X, Wang N, Kang J, Hu X, Goff HD, Cui SW, Ding H, Guo Q. Therapeutic potential of non-starch polysaccharides on type 2 diabetes: from hypoglycemic mechanism to clinical trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1177-1210. [PMID: 36036965 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2113366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) have been reported to exert therapeutic potential on managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Various mechanisms have been proposed; however, several studies have not considered the correlations between the anti-T2DM activity of NSPs and their molecular structure. Moreover, the current understanding of the role of NSPs in T2DM treatment is mainly based on in vitro and in vivo data, and more human clinical trials are required to verify the actual efficacy in treating T2DM. The related anti-T2DM mechanisms of NSPs, including regulating insulin action, promoting glucose metabolism and regulating postprandial blood glucose level, anti-inflammatory and regulating gut microbiota (GM), are reviewed. The structure-function relationships are summarized, and the relationships between NSPs structure and anti-T2DM activity from clinical trials are highlighted. The development of anti-T2DM medication or dietary supplements of NSPs could be promoted with an in-depth understanding of the multiple regulatory effects in the treatment/intervention of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Nifei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Ji Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinzhong Hu
- College of Food Engineering & Nutrition Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, China
| | | | - Steve W Cui
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, AAFC, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Qingbin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
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Sun P, Li X, Dilokpimol A, Henrissat B, de Vries RP, Kabel MA, Mäkelä MR. Fungal glycoside hydrolase family 44 xyloglucanases are restricted to the phylum Basidiomycota and show a distinct xyloglucan cleavage pattern. iScience 2022; 25:103666. [PMID: 35028537 PMCID: PMC8741620 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Xyloglucan is a prominent matrix heteropolysaccharide binding to cellulose microfibrils in primary plant cell walls. Hence, the hydrolysis of xyloglucan facilitates the overall lignocellulosic biomass degradation. Xyloglucanases (XEGs) are key enzymes classified in several glycoside hydrolase (GH) families. So far, family GH44 has been shown to contain bacterial XEGs only. Detailed genome analysis revealed GH44 members in fungal species from the phylum Basidiomycota, but not in other fungi, which we hypothesized to also be XEGs. Two GH44 enzymes from Dichomitus squalens and Pleurotus ostreatus were heterologously produced and characterized. They exhibited XEG activity and displayed a hydrolytic cleavage pattern different from that observed in fungal XEGs from other GH families. Specifically, the fungal GH44 XEGs were not hindered by substitution of neighboring glucosyl units and generated various "XXXG-type," "GXXX(G)-type," and "XXX-type" oligosaccharides. Overall, these fungal GH44 XEGs represent a novel class of enzymes for plant biomass conversion and valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peicheng Sun
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Xinxin Li
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute and Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Adiphol Dilokpimol
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute and Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.,Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ronald P de Vries
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute and Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam A Kabel
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Miia R Mäkelä
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
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Golisch B, Lei Z, Tamura K, Brumer H. Configured for the Human Gut Microbiota: Molecular Mechanisms of Dietary β-Glucan Utilization. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:2087-2102. [PMID: 34709792 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The β-glucans are a disparate group of structurally diverse polysaccharides, whose members are widespread in human diets as components of the cell walls of plants, algae, and fungi (including yeasts), and as bacterial exopolysaccharides. Individual β-glucans from these sources have long been associated with positive effects on human health through metabolic and immunological effects. Remarkably, the β-configured glucosidic linkages that define these polysaccharides render them inaccessible to the limited repertoire of digestive enzymes encoded by the human genome. As a result, the various β-glucans become fodder for the human gut microbiota (HGM) in the lower gastrointestinal tract, where they influence community composition and metabolic output, including fermentation to short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Only recently, however, have the specific molecular systems that enable the utilization of β-glucans by select members of the HGM been fully elucidated by combined genetic, biochemical, and structural biological approaches. In the context of β-glucan structures and their effects on human nutrition and health, we summarize here the functional characterization of individual polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) responsible for the saccharification of mixed-linkage β(1→3)/β(1→4)-glucans, β(1→6)-glucans, β(1→3)-glucans, β(1→2)-glucans, and xyloglucans in symbiotic human gut bacteria. These exemplar PULs serve as well-defined biomarkers for the prediction of β-glucan metabolic capability in individual bacterial taxa and across the global human population.
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Wang NN, Li YX, Miao M, Zhu CH, Yan QJ, Jiang ZQ. High level expression of a xyloglucanase from Rhizomucor miehei in Pichia pastoris for production of xyloglucan oligosaccharides and its application in yoghurt. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 190:845-852. [PMID: 34520781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The xyloglucanase gene (RmXEG12A) from Rhizomucor miehei CAU432 was successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris. The highest xyloglucanase activity of 25,700 U mL-1 was secreted using high cell density fermentation. RmXEG12A was optimally active at pH 7.0 and 65 °C, respectively. The xyloglucanase exhibited the highest specific activity towards xyloglucan (7915.5 U mg-1). RmXEG12A was subjected to hydrolyze tamarind powder to produce xyloglucan oligosaccharides with the degree of polymerization (DP) 7-9. The hydrolysis ratio of xyloglucan in tamarind powder was 89.8%. Moreover, xyloglucan oligosaccharides (2.0%, w/w) improved the water holding capacity (WHC) of yoghurt by 1.1-fold and promoted the growth of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophiles by 2.3 and 1.6-fold, respectively. Therefore, a suitable xyloglucanase for tamarind powder hydrolysis was expressed in P. pastoris at high level and xyloglucan oligosaccharides improved the quality of yoghurt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua Donglu, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yan-Xiao Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua Donglu, Haidian District, Beijing 10083, China
| | - Miao Miao
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua Donglu, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chun-Hua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua Donglu, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiao-Juan Yan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua Donglu, Haidian District, Beijing 10083, China
| | - Zheng-Qiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua Donglu, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
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Chen H, Cheng J, Zhou S, Chen D, Qin W, Li C, Li H, Lin D, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Liu A, Luo Y. Arabinoxylan combined with different glucans improve lipid metabolism disorder by regulating bile acid and gut microbiota in mice fed with high-fat diet. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 168:279-288. [PMID: 33310093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of arabinoxylan (AX) combined with β-glucan and xyloglucan on lipid metabolism by regulating bile acids and gut microbiota was investigated in mice fed with high-fat diet. Fifty male ICR/KM mice were randomly divided into five groups: control diet (CON) group, high-fat diet (HFD) group, high-fat diet with AX (HFAX) group, high-fat diet with AX and β-glucan (HFAB) group, and high-fat diet with AX and xyloglucan (HFAG) group. After 8 weeks of feeding, the mice were sacrificed and samples were collected. In contrast to CON, HFD disturbed lipid metabolism, bile acids, and gut microbiota in mice. Mice in HFD group had increase in weight, blood lipids and liver fat, and circulating bile acid as well as abnormal liver tissue morphology and disordered gut microbiota. Compared with HFD, HFAB and HFAG mice had reduced body weight and cholesterol and triglyceride levels; Fxr was activated, Cyp7a1 was inhibited to reduce bile acids, the microbial species diversity increased, the number of beneficial bacteria increased, and the number of conditional pathogenic bacteria decreased. HFAG uniquely activated intestinal bile acid receptors (Fxr and Tgr5) and increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Akkermansia. In summary, the effect of AX compounded glucans (β-glucan or xyloglucan) on lipid metabolism was better than that of single AX by regulating bile acid metabolism and gut microbiota possibly due to the more complex chemical structure of combined polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan 625014, China.
| | - Jinhua Cheng
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen Qin
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Chenglei Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Hua Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Derong Lin
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Yuntao Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Aiping Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Chen H, Zhou S, Li J, Huang X, Cheng J, Jiang X, Qin W, Liu Y, Liu A, Zhang Q, Lin D, Zhang Z, Chen D. Xyloglucan compounded inulin or arabinoxylan against glycometabolism disorder via different metabolic pathways: Gut microbiota and bile acid receptor effects. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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An ultrasonic-extracted arabinoglucan from Tamarindus indica L. pulp: A study on molecular and structural characterizations. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:3687-3697. [PMID: 32882273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an ultrasonic-extracted polysaccharide (nCPTP-55) was obtained with the highest yield (61.08%, w/w) from tamarind pulp, which consisted chiefly of total sugar (85.98%, w/w) with few protein (2.10%, w/w). Monosaccharide analysis showed nCPTP-55 was mainly composed of arabinose (39.19 mol%) and glucose (50.48 mol%) with negligible GlcA (2.05 mol%), indicating the neutral nature of nCPTP-55, which was further elucidated structurally via GC-MS and NMR, i.e., an arabinoglucan composed of →3)-β-D-Glcp-(1→ backbone with only T-α-L-Araf-(1→ branched at O-4 (27.82%) and O-6 (39.99%), resulting in relatively high A/G ratio (0.68-0.70). Based on MM2 minimized energy, the 3D schematic structures of nCPTP-55 could be considered as structural basis for its conformational behavior, which was preliminarily estimated via HPSEC-MALLS as between compact sphere and loosely hyper-branched chain (ρ = 0.84). Therefore, the relationship between molecular structure and conformational behavior was basically established for nCPTP-55, which was in a bid to have a better knowledge of its structure-property and structure-bioactivity relationships potentially required for more applications in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical fields.
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