1
|
Zhang B, Ma Y, Duan W, Fan Q, Sun J. Pinewood nematode induced changes in the assembly process of gallery microbiomes benefit its vector beetle's development. Microbiol Spectr 2024:e0141224. [PMID: 39258937 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01412-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbiomes play crucial roles in insect adaptation, especially under stress such as pathogen invasion. Yet, how beneficial microbiomes assemble remains unclear. The wood-boring beetle Monochamus alternatus, a major pest and vector of the pine wilt disease (PWD) nematode, offers a unique model. We conducted controlled experiments using amplicon sequencing (16S rRNA and ITS) within galleries where beetles and microbes interact. PWD significantly altered bacterial and fungal communities, suggesting distinct assembly processes. Deterministic factors like priority effects, host selection, and microbial interactions shaped microbiome composition, distinguishing healthy from PWN-infected galleries. Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Ophiostomataceae emerged as potentially beneficial, aiding beetle's development and pathogen resistance. This study unveils how nematode-induced changes in gallery microbiomes influence beetle's development, shedding light on microbiome assembly amid insect-pathogen interactions. Insights gleaned enhance understanding of PWD spread and suggest novel management strategies via microbiome manipulation.IMPORTANCEThis study explores the assembly process of gallery microbiomes associated with a wood-boring beetles, Monochamus alternatus, a vector of the pine wilt disease (PWD). By conducting controlled comparison experiments and employing amplicon approaches, the study reveals significant changes in taxonomic composition and functional adaptation of bacterial and fungal communities induced by PWD. It identifies deterministic processes, including priority effects, host selection, and microbial interactions, as major drivers in microbiome assembly. Additionally, the study highlights the presence of potentially beneficial microbes such as Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Ophiostomataceae, which could enhance beetle development and resistance to pathogens. These findings shed light on the intricate interplay among insects, microbiomes, and pathogens, contributing to a deeper understanding of PWD prevalence and suggesting innovative management strategies through microbiome manipulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- College of Life Science/Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interactions, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yafei Ma
- College of Life Science/Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interactions, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Wenzhao Duan
- College of Life Science/Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interactions, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Qi Fan
- College of Life Science/Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interactions, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Jianghua Sun
- College of Life Science/Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interactions, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tabbabi A, Mizushima D, Yamamoto DS, Zhioua E, Kato H. Comparative analysis of the microbiota of sand fly vectors of Leishmania major and L. tropica in a mixed focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in southeast Tunisia; ecotype shapes the bacterial community structure. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012458. [PMID: 39236074 PMCID: PMC11407667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Phlebotomine sand flies are vectors of the protozoan parasite Leishmania spp. Although the intestinal microbiota is involved in a wide range of biological and physiological processes and has the potential to alter vector competence, little is known about the impact of host species and environment on the gut microbiome. To address this issue, a comparative analysis of the microbiota of sand fly vector populations of Leishmania major and L. tropica in a mixed focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Tunisia was performed. Bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplification and Illumina MiSeq sequencing were used to characterize and compare the overall bacterial and fungal composition of field-collected sand flies: Phlebotomus papatasi, Ph. perniciosus, Ph. riouxi, and Ph. sergenti. Thirty-eight bacterial genera belonging to five phyla were identified in 117 female specimens. The similarities and differences between the microbiome data from different samples collected from three collections were determined using principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). Substantial variations in the bacterial composition were found between geographically distinct populations of the same sand fly species, but not between different species at the same location, suggesting that the microbiota content was structured according to environmental factors rather than host species. These findings suggest that host phylogeny may play a minor role in determining the insect gut microbiota, and its potential to affect the transmission of the Leishmania parasite appear to be very low. These results highlight the need for further studies to decode sand fly Leishmania-microbiota interactions, as even the same bacterial species, such as Enterococcus faecalis, can exert completely opposite effects when confronted with different pathogens within various host insects and vice versa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Tabbabi
- Division of Medical Zoology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Daiki Mizushima
- Division of Medical Zoology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Daisuke S Yamamoto
- Division of Medical Zoology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Elyes Zhioua
- Unit of Vector Ecology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hirotomo Kato
- Division of Medical Zoology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kang K, Wang L, Gong J, Tang Y, Wei K. Diversity analyses of bacterial symbionts in four Sclerodermus (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) parasitic wasps, the dominant biological control agents of wood-boring beetles in China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1439476. [PMID: 39119296 PMCID: PMC11306144 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1439476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Sclerodermus wasps are important biocontrol agents of a class of wood borers. Bacterial symbionts influence the ecology and biology of their hosts in a variety of ways, including the formation of life-long beneficial or detrimental parasitic infections. However, only a few studies have explored the species and content of the symbionts in the Sclerodermus species. Methods Here, a high-throughput sequencing study of the V3-V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene revealed a high level of microbial variety in four Sclerodermus waps, and their diversities and functions were also predicted. Results The three most prevalent phyla of microorganisms in the sample were Firmicutes, Bacteroides, and Proteus. The KEEG pathways prediction results indicated that the three pathways with the highest relative abundances in the S. sichuanensis species were translation, membrane transport, and nucleotide metabolism. These pathways differed from those observed in S. guani, S. pupariae, and S. alternatusi, which exhibited carbohydrate metabolism, membrane transport, and amino acid metabolism, respectively. Bacteroides were found to be abundant in several species, whereas Wolbachia was the most abundant among S. sichuanensis, with a significant negative correlation between temperature and carriage rate. Conclusions These results offer insights into the microbial communities associated with the bethylid wasps, which is crucial for understanding how to increase the reproductive capacity of wasps, enhance their parasitic effects, and lower cost in biocontrol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kui Kang
- College of Biological and Agricultural Science and Technology, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, China
| | - Lina Wang
- College of Biological and Agricultural Science and Technology, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jun Gong
- College of Biological and Agricultural Science and Technology, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yanlong Tang
- College of Biological and Agricultural Science and Technology, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, China
| | - Ke Wei
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Viswam J, Baptista M, Lee CK, Morgan H, McDonald IR. Investigating the lignocellulolytic gut microbiome of huhu grubs ( Prionoplus reticularis) using defined diets and dietary switch. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17597. [PMID: 38974417 PMCID: PMC11225714 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The huhu beetle (Prionoplus reticularis) is the largest endemic beetle found throughout Aotearoa New Zealand, and is characterised by feeding on wood during its larval stage. It has been hypothesised that its gut microbiome plays a fundamental role in the degradation of wood. To explore this idea we examined the fungal and bacterial community composition of huhu grubs' frass, using amplicon sequencing. Grubs were reared on an exclusive diet of either a predominantly cellulose source (cotton) or lignocellulose source (pine) for 4 months; subsequently a diet switch was performed and the grubs were grown for another 4 months. The fungal community of cellulose-reared huhu grubs was abundant in potential cellulose degraders, contrasting with the community of lignocellulose-reared grubs, which showed abundant potential soft rot fungi, yeasts, and hemicellulose and cellulose degraders. Cellulose-reared grubs showed a less diverse fungal community, however, diet switch from cellulose to lignocellulose resulted in a change in community composition that showed grubs were still capable of utilising this substrate. Conversely, diet seemed to have a limited influence on huhu grub gut bacterial communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jay Viswam
- Te Aka Mātuatua-School of Science, Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato-University of Waikato, Hamilton, Waikato, New Zealand
| | - Mafalda Baptista
- Te Aka Mātuatua-School of Science, Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato-University of Waikato, Hamilton, Waikato, New Zealand
- Waikato Regional Council, Hamilton, Waikato, New Zealand
| | - Charles K. Lee
- Te Aka Mātuatua-School of Science, Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato-University of Waikato, Hamilton, Waikato, New Zealand
| | - Hugh Morgan
- Te Aka Mātuatua-School of Science, Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato-University of Waikato, Hamilton, Waikato, New Zealand
| | - Ian R. McDonald
- Te Aka Mātuatua-School of Science, Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato-University of Waikato, Hamilton, Waikato, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Grundmann CO, Guzman J, Vilcinskas A, Pupo MT. The insect microbiome is a vast source of bioactive small molecules. Nat Prod Rep 2024; 41:935-967. [PMID: 38411238 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00054k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Covering: September 1964 to June 2023Bacteria and fungi living in symbiosis with insects have been studied over the last sixty years and found to be important sources of bioactive natural products. Not only classic producers of secondary metabolites such as Streptomyces and other members of the phylum Actinobacteria but also numerous bacteria from the phyla Proteobacteria and Firmicutes and an impressive array of fungi (usually pathogenic) serve as the source of a structurally diverse number of small molecules with important biological activities including antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antiparasitic and specific enzyme inhibitors. The insect niche is often the exclusive provider of microbes producing unique types of biologically active compounds such as gerumycins, pederin, dinactin, and formicamycins. However, numerous insects still have not been described taxonomically, and in most cases, the study of their microbiota is completely unexplored. In this review, we present a comprehensive survey of 553 natural products produced by microorganisms isolated from insects by collating and classifying all the data according to the type of compound (rather than the insect or microbial source). The analysis of the correlations among the metadata related to insects, microbial partners, and their produced compounds provides valuable insights into the intricate dynamics between insects and their symbionts as well as the impact of their metabolites on these relationships. Herein, we focus on the chemical structure, biosynthesis, and biological activities of the most relevant compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Guzman
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Vilcinskas
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mônica Tallarico Pupo
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Aguilar C, Alwali A, Mair M, Rodriguez-Orduña L, Contreras-Peruyero H, Modi R, Roberts C, Sélem-Mojica N, Licona-Cassani C, Parkinson EI. Actinomycetota bioprospecting from ore-forming environments. Microb Genom 2024; 10:001253. [PMID: 38743050 PMCID: PMC11165632 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural products from Actinomycetota have served as inspiration for many clinically relevant therapeutics. Despite early triumphs in natural product discovery, the rate of unearthing new compounds has decreased, necessitating inventive approaches. One promising strategy is to explore environments where survival is challenging. These harsh environments are hypothesized to lead to bacteria developing chemical adaptations (e.g. natural products) to enable their survival. This investigation focuses on ore-forming environments, particularly fluoride mines, which typically have extreme pH, salinity and nutrient scarcity. Herein, we have utilized metagenomics, metabolomics and evolutionary genome mining to dissect the biodiversity and metabolism in these harsh environments. This work has unveiled the promising biosynthetic potential of these bacteria and has demonstrated their ability to produce bioactive secondary metabolites. This research constitutes a pioneering endeavour in bioprospection within fluoride mining regions, providing insights into uncharted microbial ecosystems and their previously unexplored natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- César Aguilar
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Amir Alwali
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Madeline Mair
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | | | | | - Ramya Modi
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Carson Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Ivy Parkinson
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chavarría-Pizarro L, Núñez-Montero K, Gutiérrez-Araya M, Watson-Guido W, Rivera-Méndez W, Pizarro-Cerdá J. Novel strains of Actinobacteria associated with neotropical social wasps (Vespidae; Polistinae, Epiponini) with antimicrobial potential for natural product discovery. FEMS MICROBES 2024; 5:xtae005. [PMID: 38476864 PMCID: PMC10929769 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtae005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has been considered a public health threat. The World Health Organization has warned about the urgency of detecting new antibiotics from novel sources. Social insects could be crucial in the search for new antibiotic metabolites, as some of them survive in places that favor parasite development. Recent studies have shown the potential of social insects to produce antimicrobial metabolites (e.g. ants, bees, and termites). However, most groups of social wasps remain unstudied. Here, we explored whether Actinobacteria are associated with workers in the Neotropical Social Wasps (Epiponini) of Costa Rica and evaluated their putative inhibitory activity against other bacteria. Most isolated strains (67%) have antagonistic effects, mainly against Bacillus thuringensis and Escherichia coli ATCC 25992. Based on genome analysis, some inhibitory Actinobacteria showed biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) related to the production of antimicrobial molecules such as Selvamycin, Piericidin A1, and Nystatin. The Actinobacteria could be associated with social wasps to produce antimicrobial compounds. For these reasons, we speculate that Actinobacteria associated with social wasps could be a novel source of antimicrobial compounds, mainly against Gram-negative bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Chavarría-Pizarro
- Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Escuela de Biología-Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Calle 15, Avenida 14, 159-7050 Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Kattia Núñez-Montero
- Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Escuela de Biología-Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Calle 15, Avenida 14, 159-7050 Cartago, Costa Rica
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Avenida Alemania 1090, 4810101 Temuco, Chile
| | - Mariela Gutiérrez-Araya
- Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Escuela de Biología-Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Calle 15, Avenida 14, 159-7050 Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - William Watson-Guido
- Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Escuela de Biología-Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Calle 15, Avenida 14, 159-7050 Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - William Rivera-Méndez
- Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Escuela de Biología-Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Calle 15, Avenida 14, 159-7050 Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Javier Pizarro-Cerdá
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Yersinia Research Unit - Institut Pasteur 28, rue du Docteur Roux - 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lin Z, He M, Zhong C, Li Y, Tang S, Kang X, Wu Z. Responses of gut microbiota in crocodile lizards ( Shinisaurus crocodilurus) to changes in temperature. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1263917. [PMID: 38033565 PMCID: PMC10684959 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1263917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays an essential role in maintaining the health and fitness of the host organism. As a critical environmental variable, temperature exerts significant effects on animal survival and reproduction. Elevated temperatures can influence the composition and function of the animal gut microbiota, which may have potentially detrimental effects on the host. The crocodile lizard (Shinisaurus crocodilurus) is an ancient and currently endangered reptile species due to human hunting and habitat destruction. Given the predicted shifts in global temperatures in the next century, it is important to understand how warming affects the gut microbiota of these vulnerable lizards, which remains unclear. To determine how the microbial communities change in crocodile lizards in response to warming, we analyzed the gut microbiota under five temperature conditions (22°C, 24°C, 26°C, 28°C, and 30°C) using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. Results showed that the dominant phyla, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, in gut microbiota were not significantly affected by temperature variations, but increasing temperature altered the structure and increased the community richness of the gut microbiota. In addition, warming changed the abundance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Actinobacteria, which may have negative effects on the physiological health of the crocodile lizards. Functional prediction analysis demonstrated that the functional pathways enriched in crocodile lizards were mainly related to metabolism, with no significant differences observed in these pathways at KEGG pathway level 1 after warming. These results provide valuable insights into the ecological adaptations and regulatory mechanisms employed by crocodile lizards in response to warming, which may be of benefit for their conservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzhong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Mingxian He
- College of Food and Biochemical Engineering, Guangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Guangxi, China
| | - Chunying Zhong
- College of Vocational and Technical Education, Guangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Sanqi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Xindan Kang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Zhengjun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hettiarachchi A, Cnockaert M, Joossens M, Gekière A, Meeus I, Vereecken NJ, Michez D, Smagghe G, Vandamme P. The wild solitary bees Andrena vaga, Anthophora plumipes, Colletes cunicularius, and Osmia cornuta microbiota are host specific and dominated by endosymbionts and environmental microorganisms. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 86:3013-3026. [PMID: 37794084 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02304-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
We characterized the microbial communities of the crop, midgut, hindgut, and ovaries of the wild solitary bees Andrena vaga, Anthophora plumipes, Colletes cunicularius, and Osmia cornuta through 16S rRNA gene and ITS2 amplicon sequencing and a large-scale isolation campaign. The bacterial communities of these bees were dominated by endosymbionts of the genera Wolbachia and Spiroplasma. Bacterial and yeast genera representing the remaining predominant taxa were linked to an environmental origin. While only a single sampling site was examined for Andrena vaga, Anthophora plumipes, and Colletes cunicularius, and two sampling sites for Osmia cornuta, the microbiota appeared to be host specific: bacterial, but not fungal, communities generally differed between the analyzed bee species, gut compartments and ovaries. This may suggest a selective process determined by floral and host traits. Many of the gut symbionts identified in the present study are characterized by metabolic versatility. Whether they exert similar functionalities within the bee gut and thus functional redundancy remains to be elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Hettiarachchi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Margo Cnockaert
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marie Joossens
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Antoine Gekière
- Laboratory of Zoology, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Place du parc 20, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Ivan Meeus
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants of Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Nicolas J Vereecken
- Agroecology Lab, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe CP 264/02, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Denis Michez
- Laboratory of Zoology, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Place du parc 20, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants of Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandamme
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bi S, Wang X, Tang Y, Lei K, Guo J, Yang N, Wan F, Lü Z, Liu W. Bacterial Communities of the Internal Reproductive and Digestive Tracts of Virgin and Mated Tuta absoluta. INSECTS 2023; 14:779. [PMID: 37887791 PMCID: PMC10606990 DOI: 10.3390/insects14100779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms can affect host reproduction, defense, and immunity through sexual or opportunistic transmission; however, there are few studies on insect reproductive organs and intestinal bacterial communities and their effects on mating. Tuta absoluta is a worldwide quarantine pest that seriously threatens the production of Solanaceae crops, and the microbial community within tomato leafminers remains unclear. In this study, 16s rRNA sequencing was used to analyze bacterial communities related to the reproductive organs and intestinal tracts of tomato leafminers (the sample accession numbers are from CNS0856533 to CNS0856577). Different bacterial communities were found in the reproductive organs and intestinal tracts of females and males. Community ecological analysis revealed three potential signs of bacterial sexual transmission: (1) Mating increased the similarity between male and female sex organs and intestinal communities. (2) The bacteria carried by mated individuals were found in unmated individuals of the opposite sex but not in unmated individuals of the same sex. (3) The bacteria carried by unmated individuals were lost after mating. In addition, the abundances of bacterial communities carried by eggs were significantly higher than those of adult worms. Our results confirm that mating leads to the transfer of bacterial communities in the reproductive organs and gut of tomato leafminers, and suggest that this community strongly influences the reproductive process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyan Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaodi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kexin Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Nianwan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Institute of Western Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China
| | - Fanghao Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhichuang Lü
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wanxue Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Adra C, Tran TD, Foster K, Tomlin R, Kurtböke Dİ. Untargeted MS-Based Metabolomic Analysis of Termite Gut-Associated Streptomycetes with Antifungal Activity against Pyrrhoderma noxium. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1373. [PMID: 37760670 PMCID: PMC10525753 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrrhoderma noxium is a plant fungal pathogen that induces the disease of brown root rot in a large variety of tree species. It is currently infecting many of the amenity trees within Brisbane City of Queensland, Australia. Steering away from harmful chemical fungicides, biological control agents offer environmentally friendly alternatives. Streptomycetes are known for their production of novel bioactive secondary metabolites with biocontrol potential, particularly, streptomycete symbionts isolated from unique ecological niches. In this study, 37 termite gut-associated actinomycete isolates were identified using molecular methods and screened against P. noxium. A majority of the isolates belonged to the genus Streptomyces, and 15 isolates exhibited strong antifungal activity with up to 98.5% mycelial inhibition of the fungal pathogen. MS/MS molecular networking analysis of the isolates' fermentation extracts revealed several chemical classes with polyketides being among the most abundant. Most of the metabolites, however, did not have matches to the GNPS database, indicating potential novel antifungal compounds in the active extracts obtained from the isolates. Pathway enrichment and overrepresentation analyses revealed pathways relating to polyketide antibiotic production, among other antibiotic pathways, further confirming the biosynthetic potential of the termite gut-associated streptomycetes with biocontrol potential against P. noxium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cherrihan Adra
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore BC, QLD 4558, Australia; (C.A.); (T.D.T.)
| | - Trong D. Tran
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore BC, QLD 4558, Australia; (C.A.); (T.D.T.)
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore BC, QLD 4558, Australia
| | - Keith Foster
- Brisbane City Council, Program, Planning and Integration, Brisbane Square, Level 10, 266 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (K.F.); (R.T.)
| | - Russell Tomlin
- Brisbane City Council, Program, Planning and Integration, Brisbane Square, Level 10, 266 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (K.F.); (R.T.)
| | - D. İpek Kurtböke
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore BC, QLD 4558, Australia; (C.A.); (T.D.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jeong SY, Alishir A, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Choi S, Pang C, Bae HY, Jung WH, Kim KH. Identification of Obscurolide-Type Metabolites and Antifungal Metabolites from the Termite-Associated Streptomyces neopeptinius BYF101. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:1891-1900. [PMID: 37506055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Streptomyces spp. are well-known symbiotic microorganisms that produce antimicrobial metabolites against various pathogens. We isolated actinomycetes from the body surface of the termite Odontotermes formosanus and identified it as Streptomyces neopeptinius BYF101 based on 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis. Chemical analysis of the cultures of termite-associated S. neopeptinius BYF101 via HR-MS2 and GNPS analyses enabled the isolation and identification of 20 metabolites, including the unreported obscurolide-type metabolites (1-3). The chemical structures of unreported compounds (1-3) were elucidated using HR-ESI-MS and 1D and 2D NMR analysis, and their absolute configurations were determined via chemical reactions followed by the application of competing enantioselective acylation (CEA) and computational methods for ECD and DP4+ probability calculation. The isolated compounds (1-20) were tested to determine their antifungal activity against two human fungal pathogens, Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. Among the compounds tested, indole-3-carboxylic acid (9) displayed antifungal activity against C. neoformans, with an MIC value of 12 μg/mL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Se Yun Jeong
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Akida Alishir
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Shuxiang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinglao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Sohyeong Choi
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhyun Pang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Yong Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hee Jung
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dai J, Cai X, Liu L, Lin Y, Huang Y, Lin J, Shu B. The comparison of gut gene expression and bacterial community in Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) adults fed on Murraya exotica and 'Shatangju' mandarin (Citrus reticulate cv. Shatangju). BMC Genomics 2023; 24:416. [PMID: 37488494 PMCID: PMC10364414 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09308-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diaphorina citri Kuwayama is an important citrus pest. It serves as the vector for the transmission of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), which induced a destructive disease, Huanglongbing, and caused huge economic losses. During the interaction between insects and plants, insects have evolved a series of mechanisms to adapt to various host plants. Murraya exotica and 'Shatangju' mandarin (Citrus reticulate cv. Shatangju) are the Rutaceae species from different genera that have been discovered as suitable hosts for D. citri adults. While the adaptation mechanism of this pest to these two host plants is unclear. RESULTS In this study, RNA-seq and 16 S rDNA amplification sequencing were performed on the gut of D. citri adults reared on M. exotica and 'Shatangju' mandarin. RNA-seq results showed that a total of 964 differentially expressed genes were found in different gut groups with two host plant treatments. The impacted genes include those that encode ribosomal proteins, cathepsins, and mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes. According to 16 S rDNA sequencing, the compositions of the gut bacterial communities were altered by different treatments. The α and β diversity analyses confirmed that the host plant changes influenced the gut microbial diversity. The functional classification analysis by Tax4Fun revealed that 27 KEGG pathways, mostly those related to metabolism, including those for nucleotide metabolism, energy metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, xenbiotics biodegradation and metabolism, lipid metabolism, and biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites, were significantly altered. CONCLUSION Our preliminary findings shed light on the connection between D. citri and host plants by showing that host plants alter the gene expression profiles and bacterial community composition of D. citri adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Dai
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Institute for Management of Invasive Alien Species, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, 313 Yingdong Teaching Building, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Xueming Cai
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Institute for Management of Invasive Alien Species, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, 313 Yingdong Teaching Building, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Luyang Liu
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Institute for Management of Invasive Alien Species, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, 313 Yingdong Teaching Building, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Yanzheng Lin
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Institute for Management of Invasive Alien Species, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, 313 Yingdong Teaching Building, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Yuting Huang
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Institute for Management of Invasive Alien Species, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, 313 Yingdong Teaching Building, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Jintian Lin
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Institute for Management of Invasive Alien Species, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, 313 Yingdong Teaching Building, Guangzhou, 510225, China.
| | - Benshui Shu
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Institute for Management of Invasive Alien Species, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, 313 Yingdong Teaching Building, Guangzhou, 510225, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang Z, Yong H, Zhang S, Liu Z, Zhao Y. Colonization Resistance of Symbionts in Their Insect Hosts. INSECTS 2023; 14:594. [PMID: 37504600 PMCID: PMC10380809 DOI: 10.3390/insects14070594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The symbiotic microbiome is critical in promoting insect resistance against colonization by exogenous microorganisms. The mechanisms by which symbionts contribute to the host's immune capacity is referred to as colonization resistance. Symbionts can protect insects from exogenous pathogens through a variety of mechanisms, including upregulating the expression of host immune-related genes, producing antimicrobial substances, and competitively excluding pathogens. Concordantly, insects have evolved fine-tuned regulatory mechanisms to avoid overactive immune responses against symbionts or specialized cells to harbor symbionts. Alternatively, some symbionts have evolved special adaptations, such as the formation of biofilms to increase their tolerance to host immune responses. Here, we provide a review of the mechanisms about colonization resistance of symbionts in their insect hosts. Adaptations of symbionts and their insect hosts that may maintain such symbiotic relationships, and the significance of such relationships in the coevolution of symbiotic systems are also discussed to provide insights into the in-depth study of the contribution of symbionts to host physiology and behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyan Wang
- School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hanzi Yong
- School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yaru Zhao
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shi L, Liu F, Peng L. Impact of Red Imported Fire Ant Nest-Building on Soil Properties and Bacterial Communities in Different Habitats. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2026. [PMID: 37370537 DOI: 10.3390/ani13122026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren) is a highly adaptable invasive species that can nest and reproduce in different habitat soils. We aimed to explore the adaptability of red imported fire ants in different habitats by analyzing changes in the physicochemical properties of nest soils and bacterial communities. Five habitat types (forest, tea plantation, rice field, lawn, and brassica field) were selected. The results showed that the pH of the nest soils increased significantly in all five habitats compared to the control soils of the same habitat. A significant increase in nitrogen content was detected in the nests. The Cr, Pb, Cu, and Ni levels were significantly reduced in the soils of the five habitats, due to nesting activities. Analysis of the composition and diversity of the soil microbial community showed that, although the richness and diversity of bacteria in the nest soils of red imported fire ants in the five habitats varied, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria significantly increased and it emerged as the dominant bacterial group. These results indicate that red imported fire ants modify the physicochemical properties of nest soils and bacterial communities to create a suitable habitat for survival and reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longqing Shi
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350018, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Fenghao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hong S, Sun Y, Chen H, Zhao P, Wang C. Fungus-insect interactions beyond bilateral regimes: the importance and strategy to outcompete host ectomicrobiomes by fungal parasites. Curr Opin Microbiol 2023; 74:102336. [PMID: 37320866 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2023.102336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fungus-insect interactions have long been investigated at the bilateral level to unveil the factors involved in mediating fungal entomopathogenicity and insect antifungal immunity. Emerging evidence has shown that insect cuticles are inhabited by different bacteria that can delay and deter fungal parasite infections. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF), however, have evolved strategies to combat the colonization resistance mediated by insect ectomicrobiomes by producing antimicrobial peptides or antibiotic compounds. Deprivation of micronutrients may also be employed by EPF to counteract the ectomicrobiome antagonism. Further investigations of insect ectomicrobiome assemblage and fungal factors involved in outcompeting cuticular microbiomes may benefit the development of cost-effective mycoinsecticides while protecting ecologically and economically important insect species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Hong
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanlei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haimin Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chengshu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Barona-Gómez F, Chevrette MG, Hoskisson PA. On the evolution of natural product biosynthesis. Adv Microb Physiol 2023; 83:309-349. [PMID: 37507161 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Natural products are the raw material for drug discovery programmes. Bioactive natural products are used extensively in medicine and agriculture and have found utility as antibiotics, immunosuppressives, anti-cancer drugs and anthelminthics. Remarkably, the natural role and what mechanisms drive evolution of these molecules is relatively poorly understood. The exponential increase in genome and chemical data in recent years, coupled with technical advances in bioinformatics and genetics have enabled progress to be made in understanding the evolution of biosynthetic gene clusters and the products of their enzymatic machinery. Here we discuss the diversity of natural products, incorporating the mechanisms that govern evolution of metabolic pathways and how this can be applied to biosynthetic gene clusters. We build on the nomenclature of natural products in terms of primary, integrated, secondary and specialised metabolism and place this within an ecology-evolutionary-developmental biology framework. This eco-evo-devo framework we believe will help to clarify the nature and use of the term specialised metabolites in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc G Chevrette
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Sciences, University of Florida, Museum Drive, Gainesville, FL, United States; University of Florida Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Paul A Hoskisson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Cathedral Street, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gimmi E, Wallisch J, Vorburger C. Defensive symbiosis in the wild: Seasonal dynamics of parasitism risk and symbiont-conferred resistance. Mol Ecol 2023. [PMID: 37160764 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Parasite-mediated selection can rapidly drive up resistance levels in host populations, but fixation of resistance traits may be prevented by costs of resistance. Black bean aphids (Aphis fabae) benefit from increased resistance to parasitoids when carrying the defensive bacterial endosymbiont Hamiltonella defensa. However, due to fitness costs that come with symbiont infection, symbiont-conferred resistance may result in either a net benefit or a net cost to the aphid host, depending on parasitoid presence as well as on the general ecological context. Balancing selection may therefore explain why in natural aphid populations, H. defensa is often found at intermediate frequencies. Here we present a 2-year field study where we set out to look for signatures of balancing selection in natural aphid populations. We collected temporally well-resolved data on the prevalence of H. defensa in A. f. fabae and estimated the risk imposed by parasitoids using sentinel hosts. Despite a marked and consistent early-summer peak in parasitism risk, and significant changes in symbiont prevalence over time, we found just a weak correlation between parasitism risk and H. defensa frequency dynamics. H. defensa prevalence in the populations under study was, in fact, better explained by the number of heat days that previous aphid generations were exposed to. Our study grants an unprecedentedly well-resolved insight into the dynamics of endosymbiont and parasitoid communities of A. f. fabae populations, and it adds to a growing body of empirical evidence suggesting that not only parasitism risk, but rather multifarious selection is shaping H. defensa prevalence in the wild.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gimmi
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- D-USYS, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jesper Wallisch
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Vorburger
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- D-USYS, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Anderson KE, Ricigliano VA, Copeland DC, Mott BM, Maes P. Social Interaction is Unnecessary for Hindgut Microbiome Transmission in Honey Bees: The Effect of Diet and Social Exposure on Tissue-Specific Microbiome Assembly. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 85:1498-1513. [PMID: 35499645 PMCID: PMC10167169 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02025-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Honey bees are a model for host-microbial interactions with experimental designs evolving towards conventionalized worker bees. Research on gut microbiome transmission and assembly has examined only a fraction of factors associated with the colony and hive environment. Here, we studied the effects of diet and social isolation on tissue-specific bacterial and fungal colonization of the midgut and two key hindgut regions. We found that both treatment factors significantly influenced early hindgut colonization explaining similar proportions of microbiome variation. In agreement with previous work, social interaction with older workers was unnecessary for core hindgut bacterial transmission. Exposure to natural eclosion and fresh stored pollen resulted in gut bacterial communities that were taxonomically and structurally equivalent to those produced in the natural colony setting. Stressed diets of no pollen or autoclaved pollen in social isolation resulted in decreased fungal abundance and bacterial diversity, and atypical microbiome structure and tissue-specific variation of functionally important core bacteria. Without exposure to the active hive environment, the abundance and strain diversity of keystone ileum species Gilliamella apicola was markedly reduced. These changes were associated with significantly larger ileum microbiotas suggesting that extended exposure to the active hive environment plays an antibiotic role in hindgut microbiome establishment. We conclude that core hindgut microbiome transmission is facultative horizontal with 5 of 6 core hindgut species readily acquired from the built hive structure and natural diet. Our findings contribute novel insights into factors influencing assembly and maintenance of honey bee gut microbiota and facilitate future experimental designs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirk E Anderson
- ARS-USDA Carl Hayden Bee Research Center, 2000 E. Allen Rd., Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA.
| | - Vincent A Ricigliano
- ARS-USDA Carl Hayden Bee Research Center, 2000 E. Allen Rd., Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
- ARS-USDA Honey Bee Breeding Genetics and Physiology Research, Baton Rouge, LA, 70820, USA
| | - Duan C Copeland
- Department of Microbiology, School of Animal & Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Brendon M Mott
- ARS-USDA Carl Hayden Bee Research Center, 2000 E. Allen Rd., Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
| | - Patrick Maes
- Department of Entomology and Center for Insect Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nguyen VH, Wemheuer B, Song W, Bennett H, Webster N, Thomas T. Identification, classification, and functional characterization of novel sponge-associated acidimicrobiial species. Syst Appl Microbiol 2023; 46:126426. [PMID: 37141831 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2023.126426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Sponges are known to harbour an exceptional diversity of uncultured microorganisms, including members of the phylum Actinobacteriota. While members of the actinobacteriotal class Actinomycetia have been studied intensively due to their potential for secondary metabolite production, the sister class of Acidimicrobiia is often more abundant in sponges. However, the taxonomy, functions, and ecological roles of sponge-associated Acidimicrobiia are largely unknown. Here, we reconstructed and characterized 22 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of Acidimicrobiia from three sponge species. These MAGs represented six novel species, belonging to five genera, four families, and two orders, which are all uncharacterized (except the order Acidimicrobiales) and for which we propose nomenclature. These six uncultured species have either only been found in sponges and/or corals and have varying degrees of specificity to their host species. Functional gene profiling indicated that these six species shared a similar potential to non-symbiotic Acidimicrobiia with respect to amino acid biosynthesis and utilization of sulfur compounds. However, sponge-associated Acidimicrobiia differed from their non-symbiotic counterparts by relying predominantly on organic rather than inorganic sources of energy, and their predicted capacity to synthesise bioactive compounds or their precursors implicated in host defence. Additionally, the species possess the genetic capacity to degrade aromatic compounds that are frequently found in sponges. The novel Acidimicrobiia may also potentially mediate host development by modulating Hedgehog signalling and by the production of serotonin, which can affect host body contractions and digestion. These results highlight unique genomic and metabolic features of six new acidimicrobiial species that potentially support a sponge-associated lifestyle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viet Hung Nguyen
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bernd Wemheuer
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Weizhi Song
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Holly Bennett
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicole Webster
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Australian Antarctic Division, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Detcharoen M, Jiggins FM, Schlick-Steiner BC, Steiner FM. Wolbachia endosymbiotic bacteria alter the gut microbiome in the fly Drosophila nigrosparsa. J Invertebr Pathol 2023; 198:107915. [PMID: 36958642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.107915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Wolbachia are known to cause reproductive manipulations and in some arthropod species, Wolbachia were reported to cause changes in gut microbiome. However, the effects of Wolbachia bacteria on the microbiomes of their hosts, including Drosophila flies, have not been fully accessed. Here, we checked the bacterial microbiome in guts of Wolbachia-uninfected and of Wolbachia-infected Drosophila nigrosparsa, both separated into a bleach-only (embryos bleached) and a gnotobiotic (embryos bleached and inoculated with bacteria) treatment. We observed a clear separation between the Wolbachia-infected and the Wolbachia-uninfected samples, and the infected samples had higher variation in alpha diversity than the uninfected ones. There were reductions in the abundances of Proteobacteria (Pseudomonadota), especially Acetobacter, in the infected samples of both treatments. These findings highlight that Wolbachia change the gut microbiome in D. nigrosparsa as well as that the interactions between Wolbachia and bacteria like Acetobacter need to be investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matsapume Detcharoen
- Molecular Ecology Group, Department of Ecology, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand.
| | | | | | - Florian M Steiner
- Molecular Ecology Group, Department of Ecology, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nencioni A, Pastorelli R, Bigiotti G, Cucu MA, Sacchetti P. Diversity of the Bacterial Community Associated with Hindgut, Malpighian Tubules, and Foam of Nymphs of Two Spittlebug Species (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae). Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020466. [PMID: 36838431 PMCID: PMC9967529 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Spittlebugs are xylem-sap feeding insects that can exploit a nutrient-poor diet, thanks to mutualistic endosymbionts residing in various organs of their body. Although obligate symbioses in some spittlebug species have been quite well studied, little is known about their facultative endosymbionts, especially those inhabiting the gut. Recently, the role played by spittlebugs as vectors of the phytopathogenetic bacterium Xylella fastidiosa aroused attention to this insect group, boosting investigations aimed at developing effective yet sustainable control strategies. Since spittlebug nymphs are currently the main target of applied control, the composition of gut bacterial community of the juveniles of Philaenus spumarius and Lepyronia coleoptrata was investigated using molecular techniques. Moreover, bacteria associated with their froth, sampled from different host plants, were studied. Results revealed that Sodalis and Rickettsia bacteria are the predominant taxa in the gut of P. spumarius and L. coleoptrata nymphs, respectively, while Rhodococcus was found in both species. Our investigations also highlighted the presence of recurring bacteria in the froth. Furthermore, the foam hosted several bacterial species depending on the host plant, the insect species, or on soil contaminant. Overall, first findings showed that nymphs harbor a large and diverse bacterial community in their gut and froth, providing new accounts to the knowledge on facultative symbionts of spittlebugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Nencioni
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Science and Technology (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Roberta Pastorelli
- Research Center for Agriculture and Environment, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria (CREA-AA), Via di Lanciola 12/A, 50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Gaia Bigiotti
- Research Center for Agriculture and Environment, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria (CREA-AA), Via di Lanciola 12/A, 50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Alexandra Cucu
- Research Center for Agriculture and Environment, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria (CREA-AA), Via di Lanciola 12/A, 50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Patrizia Sacchetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Science and Technology (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-055-2755554
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lunn K, Frøslev T, Rhodes M, Taylor L, Oliveira HFM, Gresty CEA, Clare EL. Non-target effects of agri-environmental schemes on solitary bees and fungi in the United Kingdom. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2022; 112:734-744. [PMID: 36082699 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485322000414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Agri-environmental schemes (AES) are used to enhance pollinator diversity on agricultural farms within the UK. Though the impacts of these schemes on archetypal pollinator species such as the bumblebee (Bombus) and honeybee (Apis) are well-studied, the effects on non-target bee species like solitary bees, in the same environment, are generally lacking. One goal of AES is to alter floral provision and taxonomic composition of plant communities to provide better forage for pollinators, however, this may potentially impact other ecological communities such as fungal diversity associated with plant-bee communities. Fungi are integral in these bee communities as they can impact bee species both beneficially and detrimentally. We test the hypothesis that alteration of the environment through provision of novel plant communities has non-target effects on the fungi associated with solitary bee communities. We analyse fungal diversity and ecological networks formed between fungi and solitary bees present on 15 agricultural farms in the UK using samples from brood cells. The farms were allocated to two categories, low and high management, which differ in the number of agri-environmental measures implemented. Using internal transcribed spacer metabarcoding, we identified 456 fungal taxa that interact with solitary bees. Of these, 202 (approximately 44%) could be assigned to functional groups, the majority being pathotrophic and saprotrophic species. A large proportion was Ascosphaeraceae, a family of bee-specialist fungi. We considered the connectance, nestedness, modularity, nestedness overlap and decreasing fill, linkage density and fungal generality of the farms' bee-fungi ecological networks. We found no difference in the structure of bee-fungi ecological networks between low and high management farms, suggesting floral provision by AES has no significant impact on interactions between these two taxonomic groups. However, bee emergence was lower on the low management farms compared to high management, suggesting some limited non-target effects of AES. This study characterizes the fungal community associated with solitary bees and provides evidence that floral provision through AES does not impact fungal interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Lunn
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Tobias Frøslev
- Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark
| | - Madeleine Rhodes
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Leah Taylor
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | | | | | - Elizabeth L Clare
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Efimenko TA, Yakushev AV, Karabanova AA, Glukhova AA, Demiankova MV, Vasilieva BF, Boykova YV, Malkina ND, Terekhova LP, Efremenkova OV. Antimicrobial Activity of Bacteria Isolated from the Millipedes Nedyopus dawydoffiae and Orthomorpha sp. Microbiology (Reading) 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261722700023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
|
25
|
Baranova AA, Zakalyukina YV, Ovcharenko AA, Korshun VA, Tyurin AP. Antibiotics from Insect-Associated Actinobacteria. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1676. [PMID: 36421390 PMCID: PMC9687666 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Actinobacteria are involved into multilateral relationships between insects, their food sources, infectious agents, etc. Antibiotics and related natural products play an essential role in such systems. The literature from the January 2016-August 2022 period devoted to insect-associated actinomycetes with antagonistic and/or enzyme-inhibiting activity was selected. Recent progress in multidisciplinary studies of insect-actinobacterial interactions mediated by antibiotics is summarized and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna A. Baranova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, Bol’shaya Pirogovskaya 11, 119021 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuliya V. Zakalyukina
- Department of Soil Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-12, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A. Ovcharenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Higher Chemical College RAS, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Korshun
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton P. Tyurin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zakalyukina YV, Pavlov NA, Lukianov DA, Marina VI, Belozerova OA, Tashlitsky VN, Guglya EB, Osterman IA, Biryukov MV. A New Albomycin-Producing Strain of Streptomyces globisporus subsp. globisporus May Provide Protection for Ants Messor structor. INSECTS 2022; 13:1042. [PMID: 36421945 PMCID: PMC9693239 DOI: 10.3390/insects13111042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
There are several well-studied examples of protective symbiosis between insect host and symbiotic actinobacteria, producing antimicrobial metabolites to inhibit host pathogens. These mutualistic relationships are best described for some wasps and leaf-cutting ants, while a huge variety of insect species still remain poorly explored. For the first time, we isolated actinobacteria from the harvester ant Messor structor and evaluated the isolates' potential as antimicrobial producers. All isolates could be divided into two morphotypes of single and mycelial cells. We found that the most common mycelial morphotype was observed among soldiers and least common among larvae in the studied laboratory colony. The representative of this morphotype was identified as Streptomyces globisporus subsp. globisporus 4-3 by a polyphasic approach. It was established using a E. coli JW5503 pDualRep2 system that crude broths of mycelial isolates inhibited protein synthesis in reporter strains, but it did not disrupt the in vitro synthesis of proteins in cell-free extracts. An active compound was extracted, purified and identified as albomycin δ2. The pronounced ability of albomycin to inhibit the growth of entomopathogens suggests that Streptomyces globisporus subsp. globisporus may be involved in defensive symbiosis with the Messor structor ant against infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya V. Zakalyukina
- Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Avenue 1, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Department of Soil Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay A. Pavlov
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Bld. 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitrii A. Lukianov
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Bld. 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeria I. Marina
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Bld. 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga A. Belozerova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya st. 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim N. Tashlitsky
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena B. Guglya
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya st. 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova st. 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya A. Osterman
- Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Avenue 1, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Bld. 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail V. Biryukov
- Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Avenue 1, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Bld. 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bringhurst B, Allert M, Greenwold M, Kellner K, Seal JN. Environments and Hosts Structure the Bacterial Microbiomes of Fungus-Gardening Ants and their Symbiotic Fungus Gardens. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022:10.1007/s00248-022-02138-x. [PMID: 36344828 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02138-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The fungus gardening-ant system is considered a complex, multi-tiered symbiosis, as it is composed of ants, their fungus, and microorganisms associated with either ants or fungus. We examine the bacterial microbiome of Trachymyrmex septentrionalis and Mycetomoellerius turrifex ants and their symbiotic fungus gardens, using 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing, over a region spanning approximately 350 km (east and central Texas). Typically, microorganisms can be acquired from a parent colony (vertical transmission) or from the environment (horizontal transmission). Because the symbiosis is characterized by co-dispersal of the ants and fungus, elements of both ant and fungus garden microbiome could be characterized by vertical transmission. The goals of this study were to explore how both the ant and fungus garden bacterial microbiome are acquired. The main findings were that different mechanisms appear to explain the structure the microbiomes of ants and their symbiotic fungus gardens. Ant associated microbiomes had a strong host ant signature, which could be indicative of vertical inheritance of the ant associated bacterial microbiome or an unknown mechanism of active uptake or screening. On the other hand, the bacterial microbiome of the fungus garden was more complex in that some bacterial taxa appear to be structured by the ant host species, whereas others by fungal lineage or the environment (geographic region). Thus bacteria in fungus gardens appear to be acquired both horizontally and vertically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blake Bringhurst
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Tyler, 3900 University Blvd, Tyler, TX, 75799, USA
| | - Mattea Allert
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Tyler, 3900 University Blvd, Tyler, TX, 75799, USA
| | - Matthew Greenwold
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Tyler, 3900 University Blvd, Tyler, TX, 75799, USA
| | - Katrin Kellner
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Tyler, 3900 University Blvd, Tyler, TX, 75799, USA
| | - Jon N Seal
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Tyler, 3900 University Blvd, Tyler, TX, 75799, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
He H, Liu M, He R, Zhao W. Lipid-lowering activity of metformin-soluble soybean polysaccharide nanoparticles. Food Funct 2022; 13:10265-10274. [PMID: 36125039 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01237e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Soybean dregs are one of the most important albeit underutilized byproducts in soybean processing. In this study, soluble soybean polysaccharides with lipid-lowering activity were extracted from soybean dregs and used as a wall material for embedding metformin. Metformin-soluble soybean polysaccharide nanoparticles (MET-SSPS-NPs) were prepared by electrostatic interaction. The lipid-lowering activity and possible mechanism of MET-SSPS-NPs were investigated. Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of cell-related protein proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) in vitro. The results showed that MET-SSPS-NPs lowered the expression of PCSK9 and improved LDLR levels. A high-fat diet (HFD) animal model was established to study the lipid-lowering effect of MET-SSPS-NPs by real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting. MET-SSPS-NPs significantly upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) expression and downregulated PCSK9, fatty acid-binding protein (FABP)7 and FABP5 expression more strongly than MET or SSPS alone. In conclusion, MET-SSPS-NPs can inhibit PCSK9 expression and improve the level of adipokines, providing a theoretical basis for the application of MET-SSPS-NPs in lipid lowering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan He
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic China. .,Health College, Jiangsu Vocational Institute of Commerce, Nanjing 211168, People's Republic China
| | - Mengting Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic China
| | - Rong He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Amores GR, Zepeda-Ramos G, García-Fajardo LV, Hernández E, Guillén-Navarro K. The gut microbiome analysis of Anastrepha obliqua reveals inter-kingdom diversity: bacteria, fungi, and archaea. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:579. [PMID: 36029340 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The fruit fly Anastrepha obliqua is an economically important pest. The sterile insect technique to control it involves mass production and release of sterile flies to reduce the reproduction of the wild population. As noted in different Tephritidae, the performance of sterile males may be affected by the assimilation of nutrients under mass-rearing conditions. In the wild, the fly's life cycle suggests the acquisition of different organisms that could modulate its fitness and physiology. For A. obliqua, there is no information regarding microorganisms other than bacteria. This study analyzed bacteria, fungal, and archaea communities in the A. obliqua gut through denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles of 16S (using a different set of primers for bacteria and archaea) and 18S ribosomal DNA markers. We found that wild flies presented higher microbial diversity related to fructose assimilation than laboratory species, suggesting that microorganisms have led to a specialized metabolism to process nutrients associated with an artificial diet. We identified species that have not been previously described in this fruit fly, especially actinobacteria and archaea, by employing different primer sets aimed at the same molecular marker but targeting diverse hypervariable regions of 16S rDNA. The possibility that Archaea affect fly fitness should not be ignored. This report on the intestinal microbial (bacteria, archaea, and fungi) composition of A. obliqua contributes to our understanding of the role of microorganisms in the development and physiology of the flies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G R Amores
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Ambiental y Agroecológica, Grupo Académico de Biotecnología Ambiental, El Colegio de La Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - G Zepeda-Ramos
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Ambiental y Agroecológica, Grupo Académico de Biotecnología Ambiental, El Colegio de La Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - L V García-Fajardo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Ambiental y Agroecológica, Grupo Académico de Biotecnología Ambiental, El Colegio de La Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Emilio Hernández
- Programa Moscafrut DGSV-SENASICA-SAGARPA, Subdirección de Desarrollo de Métodos, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - K Guillén-Navarro
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Ambiental y Agroecológica, Grupo Académico de Biotecnología Ambiental, El Colegio de La Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Javal M, Terblanche JS, Benoit L, Conlong DE, Lloyd JR, Smit C, Chapuis MP. Does Host Plant Drive Variation in Microbial Gut Communities in a Recently Shifted Pest? MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022:10.1007/s00248-022-02100-x. [PMID: 35997797 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02100-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biotic interactions can modulate the responses of organisms to environmental stresses, including diet changes. Gut microbes have substantial effects on diverse ecological and evolutionary traits of their hosts, and microbial communities can be highly dynamic within and between individuals in space and time. Modulations of the gut microbiome composition and their potential role in the success of a species to maintain itself in a new environment have been poorly studied to date. Here we examine this question in a large wood-boring beetle Cacosceles newmannii (Cerambycidae), that was recently found thriving on a newly colonized host plant. Using 16S metabarcoding, we assessed the gut bacterial community composition of larvae collected in an infested field and in "common garden" conditions, fed under laboratory-controlled conditions on four either suspected or known hosts (sugarcane, tea tree, wattle, and eucalyptus). We analysed microbiome variation (i.e. diversity and differentiation), measured fitness-related larval growth, and studied host plant lignin and cellulose contents, since their degradation is especially challenging for wood-boring insects. We show that sugarcane seems to be a much more favourable host for larval growth. Bacterial diversity level was the highest in field-collected larvae, whereas lab-reared larvae fed on sugarcane showed a relatively low level of diversity but very specific bacterial variants. Bacterial communities were mainly dominated by Proteobacteria, but were significantly different between sugarcane-fed lab-reared larvae and any other hosts or field-collected larvae. We identified changes in the gut microbiome associated with different hosts over a short time frame, which support the hypothesis of a role of the microbiome in host switches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Javal
- Department of Conservation Ecology & Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
- Current Address: CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, Montpellier, IRD, France.
| | - John S Terblanche
- Department of Conservation Ecology & Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Laure Benoit
- CBGP, Cirad, Montpellier SupAgro, INRA, IRD, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Desmond E Conlong
- Department of Conservation Ecology & Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Mount Edgecombe, South Africa
| | - James R Lloyd
- Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Chantelle Smit
- Department of Conservation Ecology & Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Marie-Pierre Chapuis
- CBGP, Cirad, Montpellier SupAgro, INRA, IRD, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Pronk LJU, Bakker PAHM, Keel C, Maurhofer M, Flury P. The secret life of plant-beneficial rhizosphere bacteria: insects as alternative hosts. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:3273-3289. [PMID: 35315557 PMCID: PMC9542179 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Root-colonizing bacteria have been intensively investigated for their intimate relationship with plants and their manifold plant-beneficial activities. They can inhibit growth and activity of pathogens or induce defence responses. In recent years, evidence has emerged that several plant-beneficial rhizosphere bacteria do not only associate with plants but also with insects. Their relationships with insects range from pathogenic to mutualistic and some rhizobacteria can use insects as vectors for dispersal to new host plants. Thus, the interactions of these bacteria with their environment are even more complex than previously thought and can extend far beyond the rhizosphere. The discovery of this secret life of rhizobacteria represents an exciting new field of research that should link the fields of plant-microbe and insect-microbe interactions. In this review, we provide examples of plant-beneficial rhizosphere bacteria that use insects as alternative hosts, and of potentially rhizosphere-competent insect symbionts. We discuss the bacterial traits that may enable a host-switch between plants and insects and further set the multi-host lifestyle of rhizobacteria into an evolutionary and ecological context. Finally, we identify important open research questions and discuss perspectives on the use of these rhizobacteria in agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christoph Keel
- Department of Fundamental MicrobiologyUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Monika Maurhofer
- Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative BiologyETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Pascale Flury
- Crop Protection – Phytopathology, Department of Crop SciencesResearch Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBLFrickSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Li H, Greening C. Termite-engineered microbial communities of termite nest structures: a new dimension to the extended phenotype. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2022; 46:6631553. [PMID: 35790132 PMCID: PMC9779920 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Termites are a prototypical example of the 'extended phenotype' given their ability to shape their environments by constructing complex nesting structures and cultivating fungus gardens. Such engineered structures provide termites with stable, protected habitats, and nutritious food sources, respectively. Recent studies have suggested that these termite-engineered structures harbour Actinobacteria-dominated microbial communities. In this review, we describe the composition, activities, and consequences of microbial communities associated with termite mounds, other nests, and fungus gardens. Culture-dependent and culture-independent studies indicate that these structures each harbour specialized microbial communities distinct from those in termite guts and surrounding soils. Termites select microbial communities in these structures through various means: opportunistic recruitment from surrounding soils; controlling physicochemical properties of nesting structures; excreting hydrogen, methane, and other gases as bacterial energy sources; and pretreating lignocellulose to facilitate fungal cultivation in gardens. These engineered communities potentially benefit termites by producing antimicrobial compounds, facilitating lignocellulose digestion, and enhancing energetic efficiency of the termite 'metaorganism'. Moreover, mound-associated communities have been shown to be globally significant in controlling emissions of methane and enhancing agricultural fertility. Altogether, these considerations suggest that the microbiomes selected by some animals extend much beyond their bodies, providing a new dimension to the 'extended phenotype'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Li
- Corresponding author. State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211. China. E-mail:
| | - Chris Greening
- Corresponding author. Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Travanty NV, Vargo EL, Apperson CS, Ponnusamy L. Colonization by the Red Imported Fire Ant, Solenopsis invicta, Modifies Soil Bacterial Communities. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 84:240-256. [PMID: 34370055 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01826-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The long-standing association between insects and microorganisms has been especially crucial to the evolutionary and ecological success of social insect groups. Notably, research on the interaction of the two social forms (monogyne and polygyne) of the red imported fire ant (RIFA), Solenopsis invicta Buren, with microbes in its soil habitat is presently limited. In this study, we characterized bacterial microbiomes associated with RIFA nest soils and native (RIFA-negative) soils to better understand the effects of colonization of RIFA on soil microbial communities. Bacterial community fingerprints of 16S rRNA amplicons using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis revealed significant differences in the structure of the bacterial communities between RIFA-positive and RIFA-negative soils at 0 and 10 cm depths. Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons provided fine-scale analysis to test for effects of RIFA colonization, RIFA social form, and soil depth on the composition of the bacterial microbiomes of the soil and RIFA workers. Our results showed the bacterial community structure of RIFA-colonized soils to be significantly different from native soil communities and to evidence elevated abundances of several taxa, including Actinobacteria. Colony social form was not found to be a significant factor in nest or RIFA worker microbiome compositions. RIFA workers and nest soils were determined to have markedly different bacterial communities, with RIFA worker microbiomes being characterized by high abundances of a Bartonella-like endosymbiont and Entomoplasmataceae. Cloning and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed the Bartonella sp. to be a novel bacterium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas V Travanty
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, NC, 27695, Raleigh, USA
| | - Edward L Vargo
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Charles S Apperson
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, NC, 27695, Raleigh, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Loganathan Ponnusamy
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, NC, 27695, Raleigh, USA.
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hong S, Sun Y, Sun D, Wang C. Microbiome assembly on Drosophila body surfaces benefits the flies to combat fungal infections. iScience 2022; 25:104408. [PMID: 35663020 PMCID: PMC9157200 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to the well-characterized gut microbiomes, the composition and function of the insect body-surface microbiotas are still elusive and highly underexplored. Here we report the dynamic features of the Drosophila melanogaster surface microbiomes. It was found that the microbiomes assembled on fly surfaces could defend insects against fungal parasitic infections. The substantial increase of bacterial loads occurred within 10 days of fly eclosion, especially the expansion of Gilliamella species. The culturable bacteria such as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum could effectively inhibit fungal spore germinations, and the gnotobiotic addition of the isolated bacteria could substantially delay fungal infection of axenic flies. We found that the fly tarsal segments were largely accumulated with bacterial cells, which could accelerate cell dispersal onto different body parts to deter fungal spore germinations. Our findings will facilitate future investigations of the surface microbiotas affecting insect physiologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Hong
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanlei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dapeng Sun
- Institute of Crop Breeding and Cultivation, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Chengshu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chakraborty A, Mori B, Rehermann G, Garcia AH, Lemmen‐Lechelt J, Hagman A, Khalil S, Håkansson S, Witzgall P, Becher PG. Yeast and fruit fly mutual niche construction and antagonism against mould. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Chakraborty
- Department of Plant Protection Biology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Box 102 23053 Alnarp Sweden
- EVA 4.0 Unit, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences Kamýcka 129 16500 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Boyd Mori
- Department of Plant Protection Biology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Box 102 23053 Alnarp Sweden
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science University of Alberta Agriculture/Forestry Centre 4‐10 Edmonton Alberta Canada T6G 2P5
| | - Guillermo Rehermann
- Department of Plant Protection Biology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Box 102 23053 Alnarp Sweden
| | - Armando Hernández Garcia
- Department of Molecular Sciences Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Box 7015 75007 Uppsala Sweden
- Division of Biotechnology Department of Chemistry Faculty of Engineering Lund University Box 124 221 00 Lund Sweden
| | - Joelle Lemmen‐Lechelt
- Department of Plant Protection Biology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Box 102 23053 Alnarp Sweden
| | - Arne Hagman
- Division of Biotechnology Department of Chemistry Faculty of Engineering Lund University Box 124 221 00 Lund Sweden
| | - Sammar Khalil
- Department of Biosystems and Technology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Box 102 23053 Alnarp Sweden
| | - Sebastian Håkansson
- Department of Molecular Sciences Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Box 7015 75007 Uppsala Sweden
- Division of Applied Microbiology Department of Chemistry Faculty of Engineering Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Peter Witzgall
- Department of Plant Protection Biology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Box 102 23053 Alnarp Sweden
| | - Paul G Becher
- Department of Plant Protection Biology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Box 102 23053 Alnarp Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zheng H, Liu B, Xu Y, Zhang Z, Man H, Liu J, Chen F. An Inducible Microbacterium Prophage vB_MoxS-R1 Represents a Novel Lineage of Siphovirus. Viruses 2022; 14:v14040731. [PMID: 35458461 PMCID: PMC9030533 DOI: 10.3390/v14040731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Lytic and lysogenic infections are the main strategies used by viruses to interact with microbial hosts. The genetic information of prophages provides insights into the nature of phages and their potential influences on hosts. Here, the siphovirus vB_MoxS-R1 was induced from a Microbacterium strain isolated from an estuarine Synechococcus culture. vB_MoxS-R1 has a high replication capability, with an estimated burst size of 2000 virions per cell. vB_MoxS-R1 represents a novel phage genus-based genomic analysis. Six transcriptional regulator (TR) genes were predicted in the vB_MoxS-R1 genome. Four of these TR genes are involved in stress responses, virulence and amino acid transportation in bacteria, suggesting that they may play roles in regulating the host cell metabolism in response to external environmental changes. A glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase gene related to phosphorus acquisition was also identified in the vB_MoxS-R1 genome. The presence of six TR genes and the phosphorus-acquisition gene suggests that prophage vB_MoxS-R1 has the potential to influence survival and adaptation of its host during lysogeny. Possession of four endonuclease genes in the prophage genome suggests that vB_MoxS-R1 is likely involved in DNA recombination or gene conversion and further influences host evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Zheng
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266000, China; (H.Z.); (B.L.); (Z.Z.); (H.M.)
| | - Binbin Liu
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266000, China; (H.Z.); (B.L.); (Z.Z.); (H.M.)
| | - Yongle Xu
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266000, China; (H.Z.); (B.L.); (Z.Z.); (H.M.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (J.L.)
| | - Zefeng Zhang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266000, China; (H.Z.); (B.L.); (Z.Z.); (H.M.)
| | - Hongcong Man
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266000, China; (H.Z.); (B.L.); (Z.Z.); (H.M.)
| | - Jihua Liu
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266000, China; (H.Z.); (B.L.); (Z.Z.); (H.M.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China
- Joint Laboratory for Ocean Research and Education at Dalhousie University, Shandong University and Xiamen University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (J.L.)
| | - Feng Chen
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ezeobiora CE, Igbokwe NH, Amin DH, Enwuru NV, Okpalanwa CF, Mendie UE. Uncovering the biodiversity and biosynthetic potentials of rare actinomycetes. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-022-00410-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Antibiotic resistance is on the rise, and new antibiotic research has slowed in recent years, necessitating the discovery of possibly novel microbial resources capable of producing bioactive compounds. Microbial infections are gaining resistance to existing antibiotics, emphasizing the need for novel medicinal molecules to be discovered as soon as possible. Because the possibilities of isolating undiscovered actinomycetes strains have decreased, the quest for novel products has shifted to rare actinomycetes genera from regular environments or the identification of new species identified in unusual habitats.
Main body of the abstract
The non-streptomyces actinobacteria are known as rare actinomycetes that are extremely difficult to cultivate. Rare actinomycetes are known to produce a variety of secondary metabolites with varying medicinal value. In this review, we reported the diversity of rare actinomycetes in several habitat including soil, plants, aquatic environment, caves, insects and extreme environments. We also reported some isolation methods to easily recover rare Actinobacteria from various sources guided with some procedures to identify the rare Actinobacteria isolates. Finally, we reported the biosynthetic potential of rare actinomycetes and its role in the production of unique secondary metabolites that could be used in medicine, agriculture, and industry. These microbial resources will be of interest to humanity, as antibiotics, insecticides, anticancer, antioxidants, to mention but a few.
Short conclusion
Rare actinomycetes are increasingly being investigated for new medicinal compounds that could help to address existing human health challenges such as newly emerging infectious illnesses, antibiotic resistance, and metabolic disorders. The bioactive secondary metabolites from uncommon actinomycetes are the subject of this review, which focuses on their diversity in different habitats, isolation, identification and biosynthetic potentials.
Collapse
|
38
|
Su H, Wang WJ, Zheng GD, Yin ZP, Li JE, Chen LL, Zhang QF. The anti-obesity and gut microbiota modulating effects of taxifolin in C57BL/6J mice fed with a high-fat diet. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:1598-1608. [PMID: 34409603 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taxifolin is a natural dihydroflavonol found in many plants and health products. In the present study, its anti-obesity and gut microbiota modulating effects were studied. C57BL/6J mice were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) supplemented with taxifolin (0, 0.5 and 1 mg mL-1 , respectively) in drinking water for 15 weeks. RESULTS Taxifolin supplementation showed no influence on food and water intake. However, it decreased body weight gain, inhibited fat accumulation, and decreased total cholesterol and triacylglycerol level in mice liver. Taxifolin enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in mice liver, which in turn protected the liver from lipid peroxidation damage. It also improved insulin resistance in obese mice. Metagenomic analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA demonstrated that HFD decreased gut microbiota diversity and caused dysbiosis. However, taxifolin improved the gut microbiota diversity and decreased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. In particular, it inhibited Proteobacteria from blooming, this being a signature of dysbiosis in gut microbiota. CONCLUSION Taxifolin ameliorated the symptoms of obesity, hepatic steatosis, lipid peroxidation, insulin resistance, and gut microbiota dysbiosis in HFD fed C57BL/6J mice. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Su
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Guo-Dong Zheng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhong-Ping Yin
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing-En Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ling-Li Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qing-Feng Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Habitat Adaptation Drives Speciation of a Streptomyces Species with Distinct Habitats and Disparate Geographic Origins. mBio 2022; 13:e0278121. [PMID: 35012331 PMCID: PMC8749437 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02781-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial diversification is driven by geographic and ecological factors, but how the relative importance of these factors varies among species, geographic scales, and habitats remains unclear. Streptomyces, a genus of antibiotic-producing, spore-forming, and widespread bacteria, offers a robust model for identifying the processes underlying population differentiation. We examined the population structure of 37 Streptomyces olivaceus strains isolated from various sources, showing that they diverged into two habitat-associated (free-living and insect-associated) and geographically disparate lineages. More frequent gene flow within than between the lineages confirmed genetic isolation in S. olivaceus. Geographic isolation could not explain the genetic isolation; instead, habitat type was a strong predictor of genetic distance when controlling for geographic distance. The identification of habitat-specific genetic variations, including genes involved in regulation, resource use, and secondary metabolism, suggested a significant role of habitat adaptation in the diversification process. Physiological assays revealed fitness trade-offs under different environmental conditions in the two lineages. Notably, insect-associated isolates could outcompete free-living isolates in a free-iron-deficient environment. Furthermore, substrate (e.g., sialic acid and glycogen) utilization but not thermal traits differentiated the two lineages. Overall, our results argue that adaptive processes drove ecological divergence among closely related streptomycetes, eventually leading to dispersal limitation and gene flow barriers between the lineages. S. olivaceus may best be considered a species complex consisting of two cryptic species. IMPORTANCE Both isolation by distance and isolation by environment occur in bacteria, and different diversification patterns may apply to different species. Streptomyces species, typified by producing useful natural products, are widespread in nature and possess high genetic diversity. However, the ecological processes and evolutionary mechanisms that shape their distribution are not well understood. Here, we show that the population structure of a ubiquitous Streptomyces species complex matches its habitat distribution and can be defined by gene flow discontinuities. Using comparative genomics and physiological assays, we reveal that gains and losses of specific genomic traits play a significant role in the transition between free-living and host-associated lifestyles, driving speciation of the species. These results provide new insights into the evolutionary trajectory of Streptomyces and the notion of species.
Collapse
|
40
|
Symbiont-Mediated Protection of Acromyrmex Leaf-Cutter Ants from the Entomopathogenic Fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. mBio 2021; 12:e0188521. [PMID: 34933458 PMCID: PMC8689564 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01885-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Many fungus-growing ants engage in a defensive symbiosis with antibiotic-producing ectosymbiotic bacteria in the genus Pseudonocardia, which help protect the ants' fungal mutualist from a specialized mycoparasite, Escovopsis. Here, using germfree ant rearing and experimental pathogen infection treatments, we evaluate if Acromyrmex ants derive higher immunity to the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae from their Pseudonocardia symbionts. We further examine the ecological dynamics and defensive capacities of Pseudonocardia against M. anisopliae across seven different Acromyrmex species by controlling Pseudonocardia acquisition using ant-nonnative Pseudonocardia switches, in vitro challenges, and in situ mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). We show that Pseudonocardia protects the ants against M. anisopliae across different Acromyrmex species and appears to afford higher protection than metapleural gland (MG) secretions. Although Acromyrmex echinatior ants with nonnative Pseudonocardia symbionts receive protection from M. anisopliae regardless of the strain acquired compared with Pseudonocardia-free conditions, we find significant variation in the degree of protection conferred by different Pseudonocardia strains. Additionally, when ants were reared in Pseudonocardia-free conditions, some species exhibit more susceptibility to M. anisopliae than others, indicating that some ant species depend more on defensive symbionts than others. In vitro challenge experiments indicate that Pseudonocardia reduces Metarhizium conidiospore germination area. Our chemometric analysis using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) reveals that Pseudonocardia-carrying ants produce more chemical signals than Pseudonocardia-free treatments, indicating that Pseudonocardia produces bioactive metabolites on the Acromyrmex cuticle. Our results indicate that Pseudonocardia can serve as a dual-purpose defensive symbiont, conferring increased immunity for both the obligate fungal mutualist and the ants themselves. IMPORTANCE In some plants and animals, beneficial microbes mediate host immune response against pathogens, including by serving as defensive symbionts that produce antimicrobial compounds. Defensive symbionts are known in several insects, including some leaf-cutter ants where antifungal-producing Actinobacteria help protect the fungal mutualist of the ants from specialized mycoparasites. In many defensive symbioses, the extent and specificity of defensive benefits received by the host are poorly understood. Here, using "aposymbiotic" rearing, symbiont switching experiments, and imaging mass spectrometry, we explore the ecological and chemical dynamics of the model defensive symbiosis between Acromyrmex ants and their defensive symbiotic bacterium Pseudonocardia. We show that the defensive symbiont not only protects the fungal crop of Acromyrmex but also provides protection from fungal pathogens that infect the ant workers themselves. Furthermore, we reveal that the increased immunity to pathogen infection differs among strains of defensive symbionts and that the degree of reliance on a defensive symbiont for protection varies across congeneric ant species. Taken together, our results suggest that Acromyrmex-associated Pseudonocardia have evolved broad antimicrobial defenses that promote strong immunity to diverse fungal pathogens within the ancient fungus-growing ant-microbe symbiosis.
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhang Q, Wang S, Zhang X, Zhang K, Liu W, Zhang R, Zhang Z. Enterobacter hormaechei in the intestines of housefly larvae promotes host growth by inhibiting harmful intestinal bacteria. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:598. [PMID: 34876203 PMCID: PMC8653583 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-05053-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a pervasive insect that transmits a variety of pathogens to humans and animals, the housefly has abundant and diverse microbial communities in its intestines. These gut microbes play an important role in the biology of insects and form a symbiotic relationship with the host insect. Alterations in the structure of the gut microbial community would affect larval development. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanism regulating the influence of specific bacteria on the development of housefly larvae. METHODS For this study we selected the intestinal symbiotic bacterium Enterobacter hormaechei, which is beneficial to the growth and development of housefly larvae, and used it as a probiotic supplement in larval feed. 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology was used to explore the effect of E. hormaechei on the intestinal flora of housefly larvae, and plate confrontation experiments were performed to study the interaction between E. hormaechei and intestinal microorganisms. RESULTS The composition of the gut microflora of the larvae changed after the larvae were fed E. hormaechei, with the abundance of Pseudochrobactrum, Enterobacter and Vagococcus increasing and that of Klebsiella and Bacillus decreasing. Analysis of the structure and interaction of larval intestinal flora revealed that E. hormaechei inhibited the growth of harmful bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Providencia stuartii and Providencia vermicola, and promoted the reproduction of beneficial bacteria. CONCLUSIONS Our study has explored the influence of specific beneficial bacteria on the intestinal flora of houseflies. The results of this study reveal the important role played by specific beneficial bacteria on the development of housefly larvae and provide insight for the development of sustained biological agents for housefly control through interference of gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), No. 619, Changchen Road, Taian, 271016 Shandong China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian, 271016 Shandong China
| | - Shumin Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian, 271016 Shandong China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), No. 619, Changchen Road, Taian, 271016 Shandong China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian, 271016 Shandong China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), No. 619, Changchen Road, Taian, 271016 Shandong China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian, 271016 Shandong China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), No. 619, Changchen Road, Taian, 271016 Shandong China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian, 271016 Shandong China
| | - Ruiling Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), No. 619, Changchen Road, Taian, 271016 Shandong China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian, 271016 Shandong China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), No. 619, Changchen Road, Taian, 271016 Shandong China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian, 271016 Shandong China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Greenwood MP, Hull KL, Brink-Hull M, Lloyd M, Rhode C. Feed and Host Genetics Drive Microbiome Diversity with Resultant Consequences for Production Traits in Mass-Reared Black Soldier Fly ( Hermetia illucens) Larvae. INSECTS 2021; 12:1082. [PMID: 34940170 PMCID: PMC8706267 DOI: 10.3390/insects12121082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Mass rearing the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, for waste bioremediation and valorisation is gaining traction on a global scale. While the health and productivity of this species are underpinned by associations with microbial taxa, little is known about the factors that govern gut microbiome assembly, function, and contributions towards host phenotypic development in actively feeding larvae. In the present study, a 16S rDNA gene sequencing approach applied to a study system incorporating both feed substrate and genetic variation is used to address this knowledge gap. It is determined that the alpha diversity of larval gut bacterial communities is driven primarily by features of the larval feed substrate, including the diversity of exogenous bacterial populations. Microbiome beta diversity, however, demonstrated patterns of differentiation consistent with an influence of diet, larval genetic background, and a potential interaction between these factors. Moreover, evidence for an association between microbiome structure and the rate of larval fat accumulation was uncovered. Taxonomic enrichment analysis and clustering of putative functional gut profiles further suggested that feed-dependent turnover in microbiome communities is most likely to impact larval characteristics. Taken together, these findings indicate that host-microbiome interactions in this species are complex yet relevant to larval trait emergence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P. Greenwood
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; (M.P.G.); (K.L.H.); (M.B.-H.)
| | - Kelvin L. Hull
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; (M.P.G.); (K.L.H.); (M.B.-H.)
| | - Marissa Brink-Hull
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; (M.P.G.); (K.L.H.); (M.B.-H.)
| | - Melissa Lloyd
- Insect Technology Group Holdings UK Ltd., 1 Farnham Road, Guildford, Surrey GU2 4RG, UK;
| | - Clint Rhode
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; (M.P.G.); (K.L.H.); (M.B.-H.)
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ayyasamy A, Kempraj V, Pagadala Damodaram KJ. Endosymbiotic Bacteria Aid to Overcome Temperature Induced Stress in the Oriental Fruit Fly, Bactrocera dorsalis. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2021; 82:783-792. [PMID: 33559710 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01682-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Endosymbiotic microbiota are known to have an enormous impact on their host, influencing its physiology, behavior, fitness, and various other aspects. The present study hypothesizes that certain bacterial symbionts aid the Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis in its adaptation to survive thermal stress encountered in the environment. Investigative studies on the change in gut and reproductive tract microbiota diversity of male and female B. dorsalis revealed that certain genera of Acinetobacter, Brevibacillus, Bacillus, Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, and Staphylococcus were involved in the adaptation of B. dorsalis to temperature stresses. The intestinal and reproductive tract bacterial community of B. dorsalis varied depending on the temperature the insects were reared at. We hypothesized that the microbiota present in B. dorsalis' gut helped it endure temperature stresses over prolonged periods. Out of 54 bacterial isolates, 25, 15, and 14 isolates were obtained from flies reared at 27 °C, 18 °C, and 35 °C, respectively. A 16S rDNA analysis revealed that the bacterial isolates (reared at different temperatures) belonged to different genera. The flies were supplemented with antibiotics to suppress the existing gut microbiota and subsequently fed with bacterial isolates from flies reared at 18 °C, 27 °C (control) or 35 °C separately. When these flies were placed in incubators pre-set at the above temperatures, the survival rate exhibited by the flies differed significantly. The flies fed with bacterial isolates from 18 °C could survive only in incubators pre-set at 18 °C, while flies fed with bacterial isolates from 35 °C could survive only at 35 °C and not vice versa. The microbiota supplementation assay established that the presence of specific bacterial isolates aided the flies' survival under varied thermal stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthikirubha Ayyasamy
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake post, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 89, India
| | - Vivek Kempraj
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake post, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 89, India
| | - Kamala Jayanthi Pagadala Damodaram
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake post, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 89, India.
- Principal Scientist & ICAR National Fellow, Division of Entomology & Nematology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesseraghatta Lake PO, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560089, India.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Undabarrena A, Pereira CF, Kruasuwan W, Parra J, Sélem-Mojica N, Vind K, Schniete JK. Integrating perspectives in actinomycete research: an ActinoBase review of 2020-21. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2021; 167:001084. [PMID: 34515628 PMCID: PMC8549240 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Last year ActinoBase, a Wiki-style initiative supported by the UK Microbiology Society, published a review highlighting the research of particular interest to the actinomycete community. Here, we present the second ActinoBase review showcasing selected reports published in 2020 and early 2021, integrating perspectives in the actinomycete field. Actinomycetes are well-known for their unsurpassed ability to produce specialised metabolites, of which many are used as therapeutic agents with antibacterial, antifungal, or immunosuppressive activities. Much research is carried out to understand the purpose of these metabolites in the environment, either within communities or in host interactions. Moreover, many efforts have been placed in developing computational tools to handle big data, simplify experimental design, and find new biosynthetic gene cluster prioritisation strategies. Alongside, synthetic biology has provided advances in tools to elucidate the biosynthesis of these metabolites. Additionally, there are still mysteries to be uncovered in understanding the fundamentals of filamentous actinomycetes' developmental cycle and regulation of their metabolism. This review focuses on research using integrative methodologies and approaches to understand the bigger picture of actinomycete biology, covering four research areas: i) technology and methodology; ii) specialised metabolites; iii) development and regulation; and iv) ecology and host interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Undabarrena
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química & Centro de Biotecnología Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Camila F Pereira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Worarat Kruasuwan
- Microbial Cell Factory Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Thailand Science Park, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Jonathan Parra
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Nelly Sélem-Mojica
- Centro de Ciencias Matemáticas, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro # 8701, Col. Ex Hacienda San José de la Huerta, Morelia C.P. 58089, Michoacán, México
| | - Kristiina Vind
- NAICONS Srl, Viale Ortles 22/4, 20139 Milan (MI), Italy
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University, De Elst 1 6708 WD, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jana K. Schniete
- Biology, Edge Hill University, St Helens Road, Ormskirk, L39 4QP, UK
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Microbial communities associated with honey bees in Brazil and in the United States. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:2097-2115. [PMID: 34264502 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00539-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Honey bee colony losses worldwide call for a more in-depth understanding of the pathogenic and mutualistic components of the honey bee microbiota and their relation with the environment. In this descriptive study, we characterized the yeast and bacterial communities that arise from six substrates associated with honey bees: corbicular pollen, beebread, hive debris, intestinal contents, body surface of nurses and forager bees, comparing two different landscapes, Minas Gerais, Brazil and Maryland, United States. The sampling of five hives in Brazil and four in the USA yielded 217 yeast and 284 bacterial isolates. Whereas the yeast community, accounted for 47 species from 29 genera, was dominated in Brazil by Aureobasidium sp. and Candida orthopsilosis, the major yeast recovered from the USA was Debaryomyces hansenii. The bacterial community was more diverse, encompassing 65 species distributed across 31 genera. Overall, most isolates belonged to Firmicutes, genus Bacillus. Among LAB, species from Lactobacillus were the most prevalent. Cluster analysis evidenced high structuration of the microbial communities, with two distinguished microbial groups between Brazil and the United States. In general, the higher difference among sites and substrates were dependents on the turnover effect (~ 93% of the beta diversity), with a more pronounced effect of nestedness (~ 28%) observed from Brazil microbiota change. The relative abundance of yeasts and bacteria also showed the dissimilarity of the microbial communities between both environments. These results provide a comprehensive view of microorganisms associated with A. mellifera, highlighting the importance of the environment in the establishment of the microbiota associated with honey bees.
Collapse
|
46
|
|
47
|
Van Moll L, De Smet J, Cos P, Van Campenhout L. Microbial symbionts of insects as a source of new antimicrobials: a review. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 47:562-579. [PMID: 34032192 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1907302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To stop the antimicrobial resistance crisis, there is an urgent need for increased investment in antimicrobial research and development. Currently, many researchers are focussing on insects and their microbiota in the search for new antimicrobials. This review summarizes recent literature dedicated to the antimicrobial screening of insect symbionts and/or their metabolites to uncover their value in early drug discovery. We summarize the main steps in the methodology used to isolate and identify active insect symbionts and have noted substantial variation among these studies. There is a clear trend in isolating insect Streptomyces bacteria, but a broad range of other symbionts has been found to be active as well. The microbiota of many insect genera and orders remains untargeted so far, which leaves much room for future research. The antimicrobial screening of insect symbionts has led to the discovery of a diverse array of new active biomolecules, mainly peptides, and polyketides. Here, we discuss 15 of these symbiont-produced compounds and their antimicrobial profile. Cyphomycin, isolated from a Streptomyces symbiont of a Cyphomyrmex fungus-growing ant, seems to be the most promising insect symbiont-derived antimicrobial so far. Overall, insect microbiota appears to be a promising search area to discover new antimicrobial drug candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Van Moll
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Geel, Belgium.,Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen De Smet
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Geel, Belgium.,Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Cos
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Leen Van Campenhout
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Geel, Belgium.,Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Aguero CM, Eyer PA, Crippen TL, Vargo EL. Reduced Environmental Microbial Diversity on the Cuticle and in the Galleries of a Subterranean Termite Compared to Surrounding Soil. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2021; 81:1054-1063. [PMID: 33399932 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01664-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Termites are intimately tied to the microbial world, as they utilize their gut microbiome for the conversion of plant cellulose into necessary nutrients. Subterranean termites must also protect themselves from the vast diversity of harmful microbes found in soil. However, not all soil microbes are harmful, such as Streptomyces and methanotrophic bacteria that some species of termites harbor in complex nest structures made of fecal material. The eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes, has a simple nest structure consisting of fecal lined galleries. We tested the hypothesis that R. flavipes maintains a select microbial community in its nests to limit the penetration of harmful soilborne pathogens and favor the growth of beneficial microbes. Using Illumina sequencing, we characterized the bacterial and fungal communities in the surrounding soil, in the nest galleries, and on the cuticle of workers. We found that the galleries provide a more beneficial microbial community than the surrounding soil. Bacterial and fungal diversity was highest in the soil, lower in the galleries, and least on the cuticle. Bacterial communities clustered together according to the substrate from which they were sampled, but this clustering was less clear in fungal communities. Most of the identified bacterial and fungal taxa were unique to one substrate, but the soil and gallery communities had very similar phylum-level taxonomic profiles. Notably, the galleries of R. flavipes also harbored both the potentially beneficial Streptomyces and the methanotrophic Methylacidiphilales, indicating that these microbial associations in fecal material pre-date the emergence of complex fecal nest structures. Surprisingly, several pathogenic groups were relatively abundant in the galleries and on the cuticle, suggesting that pathogens may accumulate within termite nests over time while putatively remaining at enzootic level during the lifetime of the colony.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Aguero
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, 2143 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Pierre-André Eyer
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, 2143 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Tawni L Crippen
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Edward L Vargo
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, 2143 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Incipient genome erosion and metabolic streamlining for antibiotic production in a defensive symbiont. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2023047118. [PMID: 33883280 PMCID: PMC8092579 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023047118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome reduction is commonly observed in bacteria of several phyla engaging in obligate nutritional symbioses with insects. In Actinobacteria, however, little is known about the process of genome evolution, despite their importance as prolific producers of antibiotics and their increasingly recognized role as defensive partners of insects and other organisms. Here, we show that “Streptomyces philanthi,” a defensive symbiont of digger wasps, has a G+C-enriched genome in the early stages of erosion, with inactivating mutations in a large proportion of genes, causing dependency on its hosts for certain nutrients, which was validated in axenic symbiont cultures. Additionally, overexpressed catabolic and biosynthetic pathways of the bacteria inside the host indicate host–symbiont metabolic integration for streamlining and control of antibiotic production. Genome erosion is a frequently observed result of relaxed selection in insect nutritional symbionts, but it has rarely been studied in defensive mutualisms. Solitary beewolf wasps harbor an actinobacterial symbiont of the genus Streptomyces that provides protection to the developing offspring against pathogenic microorganisms. Here, we characterized the genomic architecture and functional gene content of this culturable symbiont using genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics in combination with in vitro assays. Despite retaining a large linear chromosome (7.3 Mb), the wasp symbiont accumulated frameshift mutations in more than a third of its protein-coding genes, indicative of incipient genome erosion. Although many of the frameshifted genes were still expressed, the encoded proteins were not detected, indicating post-transcriptional regulation. Most pseudogenization events affected accessory genes, regulators, and transporters, but “Streptomyces philanthi” also experienced mutations in central metabolic pathways, resulting in auxotrophies for biotin, proline, and arginine that were confirmed experimentally in axenic culture. In contrast to the strong A+T bias in the genomes of most obligate symbionts, we observed a significant G+C enrichment in regions likely experiencing reduced selection. Differential expression analyses revealed that—compared to in vitro symbiont cultures—“S. philanthi” in beewolf antennae showed overexpression of genes for antibiotic biosynthesis, the uptake of host-provided nutrients and the metabolism of building blocks required for antibiotic production. Our results show unusual traits in the early stage of genome erosion in a defensive symbiont and suggest tight integration of host–symbiont metabolic pathways that effectively grants the host control over the antimicrobial activity of its bacterial partner.
Collapse
|
50
|
The Gut Microbiota of the Insect Infraorder Pentatomomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) for the Light of Ecology and Evolution. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020464. [PMID: 33672230 PMCID: PMC7926433 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The stinkbugs of the infraorder Pentatomomorpha are a group of important plant sap-feeding insects, which host diverse microorganisms. Some are located in their complex morphological midgut compartments, while some within the specialized bacteriomes of insect hosts. This perpetuation of symbioses through host generations is reinforced via the diverse routes of vertical transmission or environmental acquisition of the symbionts. These symbiotic partners, reside either through the extracellular associations in midgut or intracellular associations in specialized cells, not only have contributed nutritional benefits to the insect hosts but also shaped their ecological and evolutionary basis. The stinkbugs and gut microbe symbioses present a valuable model that provides insights into symbiotic interactions between agricultural insects and microorganisms and may become potential agents for insect pest management.
Collapse
|