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Chao X, Fang Y, Lu Z, Wang J, Yin D, Shi R, Wang P, Liu X, Sun W. Impairments of neurovascular coupling after stroke lower glymphatic system function and lead to depressive symptom: A longitudinal cohort study. J Affect Disord 2024; 367:255-262. [PMID: 39236880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respective changes in neurovascular coupling (NVC) and glymphatic function have been reported in post-stroke depression (PSD). Recent studies have found a link between NVC and waste clearance by the glymphatic system, which has not been illustrated in PSD. METHOD We prospectively recruited ninety-six stroke patients and forty-four healthy controls (HC), with fifty-nine patients undergoing a second MRI scan. NVC metrics were investigated by exploring Pearson correlation coefficients and ratios between cerebral blood flow (CBF) and BOLD-derived quantitative maps (ALFF, fALFF, REHO maps). Diffusion tensor imaging along the perivascular (DTI-ALPS) index was used to reflect glymphatic function. We first analyzed the altered NVC metrics in stroke patients relative to the HC group. Then, we explored the relationship between NVC metrics, ALPS index and depressive symptoms at baseline and during the follow-up period through correlation and mediation analyses. RESULTS Stroke patients exhibited significantly lower global CBF-fALFF coupling and ALPS index. At the regional level, abnormal NVC alterations in brain regions involved in cognition, emotion, and sensorimotor function in PSD. Baseline analyses showed that ALPS index exhibited positive associations with both global and local NVC and abnormal regional NVC may contribute to generation of PSD by reducing glymphatic function (β = -0.075, p < 0.05, CI = [-0.169 to -0.012]). Longitudinal analyses similarly showed that ALPS index changes were positively associated with changes in NVC and mediated improvements in depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that NVC abnormalities leading to impaired glymphatic system function may be a potential neurobiological mechanism of PSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Chao
- Department of Neurology, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yirong Fang
- Department of Neurology, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zeyu Lu
- Department of Neurology, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jinjing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dawei Yin
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ran Shi
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Wen Sun
- Department of Neurology, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Rajkumar RP. Revisiting a hypothesis: the neurovascular unit as a link between major depression and neurodegenerative disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1455606. [PMID: 39157756 PMCID: PMC11327082 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1455606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Philip Rajkumar
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education, Pondicherry, India
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Rawls A, Nyugen D, Dziabis J, Anbarci D, Clark M, Dzirasa K, Bilbo S. Microglial MyD88-dependent pathways are regulated in a sex-specific manner in the context of HMGB1-induced anxiety. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.22.590482. [PMID: 38712142 PMCID: PMC11071353 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.22.590482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Chronic stress is a significant risk factor for the development and recurrence of anxiety disorders. Chronic stress impacts the immune system, causing microglial functional alterations in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), a brain region involved in the pathogenesis of anxiety. High mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) is an established modulator of neuronal firing and a potent pro-inflammatory stimulus released from neuronal and non-neuronal cells following stress. HMGB1, in the context of stress, acts as a danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP), instigating robust proinflammatory responses throughout the brain, so much so that localized drug delivery of HMGB1 alters behavior in the absence of any other forms of stress, i.e., social isolation, or behavioral stress models. Few studies have investigated the molecular mechanisms that underlie HMGB1-associated behavioral effects in a cell-specific manner. The aim of this study is to investigate cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying HMGB1-induced behavioral dysfunction with regard to cell-type specificity and potential sex differences. Here, we report that both male and female mice exhibited anxiety-like behavior following increased HMGB1 in the mPFC as well as changes in microglial morphology. Interestingly, our results demonstrate that HMGB1-induced anxiety may be mediated by distinct microglial MyD88-dependent mechanisms in females compared to males. This study supports the hypothesis that MyD88 signaling in microglia may be a crucial mediator of the stress response in adult female mice.
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Choe S, Jeong H, Choi J, Yu SW. Chronic unpredictable stress induces autophagic death of adult hippocampal neural stem cells. Mol Brain 2024; 17:31. [PMID: 38831333 PMCID: PMC11145853 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-024-01105-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic psychological stress is a critical factor for neurological complications like anxiety disorders, dementia, and depression. Our previous results show that chronic restraint stress causes cognitive deficits and mood dysregulation by inducing autophagic death of adult hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs). However, it is unknown whether other models of psychological stress also induce autophagic death of adult hippocampal NSCs. Here, we show that chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) for 10 days impaired memory function and increased anxiety in mice. Immunohistochemical staining with SOX2 and KI67 revealed a significant reduction in the number of NSCs in the hippocampus following exposure to CUS. However, these deficits were prevented by NSC-specific, inducible conditional deletion of Atg7. These findings suggest that autophagic death of adult hippocampal NSCs is a critical pathogenic mechanism underlying stress-induced brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongwon Choe
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang Daero, Hyeonpung-Myeon, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonjeong Jeong
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang Daero, Hyeonpung-Myeon, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Choi
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang Daero, Hyeonpung-Myeon, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Woon Yu
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang Daero, Hyeonpung-Myeon, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
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Aburto MR, Cryan JF. Gastrointestinal and brain barriers: unlocking gates of communication across the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:222-247. [PMID: 38355758 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00890-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Crosstalk between gut and brain has long been appreciated in health and disease, and the gut microbiota is a key player in communication between these two distant organs. Yet, the mechanisms through which the microbiota influences development and function of the gut-brain axis remain largely unknown. Barriers present in the gut and brain are specialized cellular interfaces that maintain strict homeostasis of different compartments across this axis. These barriers include the gut epithelial barrier, the blood-brain barrier and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. Barriers are ideally positioned to receive and communicate gut microbial signals constituting a gateway for gut-microbiota-brain communication. In this Review, we focus on how modulation of these barriers by the gut microbiota can constitute an important channel of communication across the gut-brain axis. Moreover, barrier malfunction upon alterations in gut microbial composition could form the basis of various conditions, including often comorbid neurological and gastrointestinal disorders. Thus, we should focus on unravelling the molecular and cellular basis of this communication and move from simplistic framing as 'leaky gut'. A mechanistic understanding of gut microbiota modulation of barriers, especially during critical windows of development, could be key to understanding the aetiology of gastrointestinal and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- María R Aburto
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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López-Otín C, Kroemer G. The missing hallmark of health: psychosocial adaptation. Cell Stress 2024; 8:21-50. [PMID: 38476764 PMCID: PMC10928495 DOI: 10.15698/cst2024.03.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The eight biological hallmarks of health that we initially postulated (Cell. 2021 Jan 7;184(1):33-63) include features of spatial compartmentalization (integrity of barriers, containment of local perturbations), maintenance of homeostasis over time (recycling & turnover, integration of circuitries, rhythmic oscillations) and an array of adequate responses to stress (homeostatic resilience, hormetic regulation, repair & regeneration). These hallmarks affect all eight somatic strata of the human body (molecules, organelles, cells, supracellular units, organs, organ systems, systemic circuitries and meta-organism). Here we postulate that mental and socioeconomic factors must be added to this 8×8 matrix as an additional hallmark of health ("psychosocial adaptation") and as an additional stratum ("psychosocial interactions"), hence building a 9×9 matrix. Potentially, perturbation of each of the somatic hallmarks and strata affects psychosocial factors and vice versa. Finally, we discuss the (patho)physiological bases of these interactions and their implications for mental health improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos López-Otín
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida y la Naturaleza, Universidad Nebrija, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
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Doney E, Bernatchez R, Clavet-Fournier V, Dudek KA, Dion-Albert L, Lavoie-Cardinal F, Menard C. Characterizing the blood-brain barrier and gut barrier with super-resolution imaging: opportunities and challenges. NEUROPHOTONICS 2023; 10:044410. [PMID: 37799760 PMCID: PMC10548114 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.10.4.044410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Brain and gut barriers have been receiving increasing attention in health and diseases including in psychiatry. Recent studies have highlighted changes in the blood-brain barrier and gut barrier structural properties, notably a loss of tight junctions, leading to hyperpermeability, passage of inflammatory mediators, stress vulnerability, and the development of depressive behaviors. To decipher the cellular processes actively contributing to brain and gut barrier function in health and disease, scientists can take advantage of neurophotonic tools and recent advances in super-resolution microscopy techniques to complement traditional imaging approaches like confocal and electron microscopy. Here, we summarize the challenges, pros, and cons of these innovative approaches, hoping that a growing number of scientists will integrate them in their study design exploring barrier-related properties and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Doney
- Université Laval, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Renaud Bernatchez
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Institute for Intelligence and Data, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Katarzyna A. Dudek
- Université Laval, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Laurence Dion-Albert
- Université Laval, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Flavie Lavoie-Cardinal
- Université Laval, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Institute for Intelligence and Data, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Caroline Menard
- Université Laval, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
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8
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Puech C, Badran M, Runion AR, Barrow MB, Cataldo K, Gozal D. Cognitive Impairments, Neuroinflammation and Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability in Mice Exposed to Chronic Sleep Fragmentation during the Daylight Period. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9880. [PMID: 37373028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic condition characterized by intermittent hypoxia (IH) and sleep fragmentation (SF). In murine models, chronic SF can impair endothelial function and induce cognitive declines. These deficits are likely mediated, at least in part, by alterations in Blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Male C57Bl/6J mice were randomly assigned to SF or sleep control (SC) conditions for 4 or 9 weeks and in a subset 2 or 6 weeks of normal sleep recovery. The presence of inflammation and microglia activation were evaluated. Explicit memory function was assessed with the novel object recognition (NOR) test, while BBB permeability was determined by systemic dextran-4kDA-FITC injection and Claudin 5 expression. SF exposures resulted in decreased NOR performance and in increased inflammatory markers and microglial activation, as well as enhanced BBB permeability. Explicit memory and BBB permeability were significantly associated. BBB permeability remained elevated after 2 weeks of sleep recovery (p < 0.01) and returned to baseline values only after 6 weeks. Chronic SF exposures mimicking the fragmentation of sleep that characterizes patients with OSA elicits evidence of inflammation in brain regions and explicit memory impairments in mice. Similarly, SF is also associated with increased BBB permeability, the magnitude of which is closely associated with cognitive functional losses. Despite the normalization of sleep patterns, BBB functional recovery is a protracted process that merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clementine Puech
- Child Health Research Institute, Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 400 N Keene St., Suite 010, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Mohammad Badran
- Child Health Research Institute, Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 400 N Keene St., Suite 010, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Alexandra R Runion
- Undergraduate Student Research Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Max B Barrow
- Child Health Research Institute, Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 400 N Keene St., Suite 010, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Kylie Cataldo
- Child Health Research Institute, Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 400 N Keene St., Suite 010, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - David Gozal
- Child Health Research Institute, Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 400 N Keene St., Suite 010, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
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Cadoret A, Dion-Albert L, Amrani S, Caron L, Théberge M, Turmel A, Lebel M, Menard C. Environmental conditions of recognition memory testing induce neurovascular changes in the hippocampus in a sex-specific manner in mice. Behav Brain Res 2023; 448:114443. [PMID: 37088405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Experiences are linked to emotions impacting memory consolidation and associated brain neuronal circuits. Posttraumatic stress disorder is an example of strong negative emotions affecting memory processes by flashbacks of past traumas. Stress-related memory deficits are also observed in major depressive disorder (MDD). We recently highlighted that sex-specific blood-brain barrier (BBB) alterations underlie stress responses in mice and human depression. However, little is known about the relationship between emotional valence, memory encoding and BBB gene expression. Here, we investigated the effects of novel object recognition (NOR) test, an experience considered of neutral emotional valence, on BBB properties in dorsal vs ventral hippocampus (HIPP) in the context of various environmental conditions (arena size, handling, age). The HIPP is a brain area central for learning and memory processes with the dorsal and ventral subregions being associated with working memory vs reference memory retrieval, respectively. Expression of genes related to BBB integrity are altered in line with learning and memory processes in a region- and sex-specific manner. We observed correlations between poor learning, anxiety, stress-induced corticosterone release and changes in BBB-associated gene expression. Comparison of BBB transcriptomes between sexes also revealed profound differences at baseline in both ventral and dorsal HIPP. Finally, we identified circulating vascular biomarkers, such as sE-selectin and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), altered following NOR exposure supporting that recognition memory formation has an impact on the neurovasculature. Although deemed as a neutral valence test, NOR experimental conditions can shift it toward a negative valence, impacting performance and highlighting the need to minimize anxiety when performing this commonly used test in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Cadoret
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada, G1E 1T2
| | - Laurence Dion-Albert
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada, G1E 1T2
| | - Sara Amrani
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada, G1E 1T2
| | - Laurianne Caron
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada, G1E 1T2
| | - Mathilde Théberge
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada, G1E 1T2
| | - Audrey Turmel
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada, G1E 1T2
| | - Manon Lebel
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada, G1E 1T2
| | - Caroline Menard
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada, G1E 1T2.
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Paton SE, Menard C. Glutamate shall not pass: a mechanistic role for astrocytic O-GlcNAc transferase in stress and depression. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:168662. [PMID: 37009895 PMCID: PMC10065068 DOI: 10.1172/jci168662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder, characterized by aberrant glutamatergic signaling in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Depression is highly comorbid with metabolic disorders, but a mechanistic link is elusive. In this issue of the JCI, Fan and coauthors report that elevated posttranslational modification with the glucose metabolite N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) contributed to stress-induced establishment of depression-like behaviors in mice. This effect was specific to medial PFC (mPFC) astrocytes, with glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) identified as an OGT target. Specifically, O-GlcNAcylation of GLT-1 resulted in diminished glutamate clearance from excitatory synapses. Further, astrocytic OGT knockdown restored stress-induced deficits in glutamatergic signaling, promoting resilience. These findings provide a mechanistic link between metabolism and depression and have relevance for antidepressant targets.
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Kuang G, Shu Z, Zhu C, Li H, Zhang C. The promoting effect of modified Dioscorea pills on vascular remodeling in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion via the Ang/Tie signaling pathway. Transl Neurosci 2023; 14:20220302. [PMID: 37635842 PMCID: PMC10448306 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2022-0302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of modified Dioscorea pills (MDP) on microcirculatory remodeling in the hippocampus of rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) through the angiopoietin (Ang)/tyrosine kinase receptor tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin-like and EGF-like domains (Ang receptor) 2 (Tie-2) signaling pathways, which may underlie the cognitive improvement observed in CCH rats. Methods Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats raised under specific pathogen-free conditions were randomly divided into three groups: control group (10 rats), model group (15 rats), and MDP group (15 rats). The rats in the model group and MDP group underwent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion using the 2-vessel occlusion (2-VO) method to induce CCH. Rats in the control group underwent the same surgical procedures as those in the model group, except for ligation and occlusion of the carotid arteries. After 1 week of 2-VO, rats in the MDP group were administered MDP condensed decoction intragastrically at a dose of 1 ml/100 g body weight (prepared by the Preparation Room of Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine) for 45 days, while rats in the other two groups received normal saline intragastrically with the same dose and duration as the MDP group. After the intervention, all rats were euthanized, and brain perfusion was performed to obtain the hippocampal tissue for analysis. Immunohistochemical staining for CD43 was performed to assess microvessel density (MVD); western blot and the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to analyze the expression of proteins and genes in angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), Tie-2, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) proteins and genes in the hippocampal tissue and compute the Ang-1/Ang-2 ratio. Results MDP treatment reduced neuronal loss and promoted restoration of the damaged hippocampal structure in CCH rats. The model group showed significantly higher MVD (14.93 ± 1.92) compared to the control group (5.78 ± 1.65) (P < 0.01), whereas MDP treatment further increased MVD (21.19 ± 2.62). Western blot and RT-PCR analysis revealed that CCH significantly increased the expression of Ang-1, Ang-2, Tie-2, and VEGF proteins and genes, while MDP treatment further significantly upregulated the expression of these proteins and genes. In addition, MDP significantly elevated the gene and protein expression of the Ang-1/Ang-2 ratio compared to the control group (P = 0.041, P = 0.029). Conclusion CCH induces microvascular neogenesis in the hippocampus, and MDP promotes angiogenesis and microcirculation remodeling in CCH rats via the Ang/Tie signaling pathway, which may be an important mechanism for its restorative effects on hippocampal perfusion and improvement of cognitive function in CCH rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiying Kuang
- Neurological Department, Wuhan Red Cross Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 436015, China
| | - Zhigang Shu
- Neurological Department, Ezhou Central Hospital, Ezhou, Hubei Province, 436000, China
| | - Chunli Zhu
- Neurological Department, Wuhan Red Cross Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 436015, China
| | - Hongbing Li
- Emergency Department, The First People’s Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550002, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Emergency Department, The First People’s Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550002, China
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