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Zhang HW, Xie J, Peng HC, Lin YS, Song JQ. Use of antiviral drugs and incidence of Parkinson's disease in Taiwan. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302383. [PMID: 38713724 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients infected with herpes zoster might be at risk for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, antiviral drugs may impede viral deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis. This study aimed to determine whether the currently observed association between herpes zoster and PD is consistent with previous findings, and whether antiviral drug use is associated with PD. This retrospective cohort study used the Longitudinal Generation Tracking Database. We included patients aged 40 years and above and applied propensity score matching at 1:1 ratio for study comparability. PD risk was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression methods. A total of 234,730 people were analyzed. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for PD in patients with herpes zoster was 1.05. Furthermore, the overall incidence of PD was lower in those treated with antiviral drugs than in the untreated ones (3.17 vs. 3.76 per 1,000 person-years); the aHR was 0.84. After stratifying for sex or age, a similar result was observed. In conclusion, herpes zoster may increase the risk of PD, particularly among females, but receiving antiviral treatment reduces the risk by 16%. Therefore, using antiviral drugs may help prevent PD. However, additional research is required to determine the underlying mechanism(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Wei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Program for Aging, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute of Electrical Control Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hsiao-Ching Peng
- MetaTrial Research Center, Biomedica Corporation, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Lin
- MetaTrial Research Center, Biomedica Corporation, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Quan Song
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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2
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Schaffner SL, Casazza W, Artaud F, Konwar C, Merrill SM, Domenighetti C, Schulze-Hentrich JM, Lesage S, Brice A, Corvol JC, Mostafavi S, Dennis JK, Elbaz A, Kobor MS. Genetic variation and pesticide exposure influence blood DNA methylation signatures in females with early-stage Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:98. [PMID: 38714693 PMCID: PMC11076573 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00704-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Although sex, genetics, and exposures can individually influence risk for sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD), the joint contributions of these factors to the epigenetic etiology of PD have not been comprehensively assessed. Here, we profiled sex-stratified genome-wide blood DNAm patterns, SNP genotype, and pesticide exposure in agricultural workers (71 early-stage PD cases, 147 controls) and explored replication in three independent samples of varying demographics (n = 218, 222, and 872). Using a region-based approach, we found more associations of blood DNAm with PD in females (69 regions) than in males (2 regions, Δβadj| ≥0.03, padj ≤ 0.05). For 48 regions in females, models including genotype or genotype and pesticide exposure substantially improved in explaining interindividual variation in DNAm (padj ≤ 0.05), and accounting for these variables decreased the estimated effect of PD on DNAm. The results suggested that genotype, and to a lesser degree, genotype-exposure interactions contributed to variation in PD-associated DNAm. Our findings should be further explored in larger study populations and in experimental systems, preferably with precise measures of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Schaffner
- Edwin S. H. Leong Centre for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - W Casazza
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - F Artaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - C Konwar
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - S M Merrill
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - C Domenighetti
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - J M Schulze-Hentrich
- Department of Genetics/Epigenetics, Faculty NT, Saarland University, 66041, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - S Lesage
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - A Brice
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - J C Corvol
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Brain Insitute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Department of Neurology and CIC Neurosciences, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - S Mostafavi
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Paul Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J K Dennis
- Edwin S. H. Leong Centre for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - A Elbaz
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - M S Kobor
- Edwin S. H. Leong Centre for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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3
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Cano-Villagrasa A, López-Zamora M, Romero-Moreno L, Valles-González B. The Linguistic-Cognitive Profile in an Adult Population with Parkinson's Disease and Deep Brain Stimulation: A Comparative Study. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2024; 14:385-398. [PMID: 38391493 PMCID: PMC10888184 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe14020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) exhibit general impairments, particularly non-motor symptoms that are related to language, communication, and cognition processes. People with this disease may undergo a surgical intervention for the placement of a deep brain stimulation device, which improves their motor symptoms. However, this type of intervention leads to a decline in their linguistic and cognitive abilities that becomes increasingly noticeable as the disease progresses. Objective. The objective of this research was to compare the performance and linguistic-cognitive profile of individuals with Parkinson's disease who underwent deep brain stimulation treatment based on the stage of the disease. Method. A total of 60 participants who were diagnosed with PD by their reference hospital were selected. These participants were divided into three groups based on the stage of the disease that they were in, forming three groups: a Stage I group (n = 20), a Stage II group (n = 20), and a Stage III group (n = 20). The linguistic-cognitive profile was assessed using the MoCA, ACE-III, and MetAphas tests. The design of this study was established as a quasi-experimental, cross-sectional investigation, and statistical analysis was performed using MANOVA to compare the scores between the study groups. Results. The results indicate that individuals in Stage I exhibit better linguistic and cognitive performance compared to the other groups of participants in Stage II and Stage III, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). Conclusion. In conclusion, the progression of PD leads to significant linguistic and cognitive decline in individuals with this disease who have a deep brain stimulation device, greatly limiting the autonomy and quality of life for people with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel López-Zamora
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Lorena Romero-Moreno
- Department of Neurosurgery, Regional University Hospital of Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
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Holtz AV, Fink A, Tamgüney G, Doblhammer G. Colonoscopy and Subsequent Risk of Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024; 14:747-760. [PMID: 38669559 PMCID: PMC11191466 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-240017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is caused by the misfolding and aggregation of α-synuclein in neurons into toxic oligomers and fibrils that have prion-like properties allowing them to infect healthy neurons and to be transmitted to animal models of PD by injection or oral exposure. Given α-synuclein fibrils' potential transmission on the gut-brain axis, α-synuclein may be transmitted through colonoscopy procedures. Objective This study examines a possible association between colonoscopy and PD. Methods Longitudinal health insurance data of 250,000 individuals aged 50+ from 2004-2019 was analyzed. Cox proportional hazard and competing risk models with death as a competing event were estimated to calculate the risk of PD. Colonoscopy was categorized as never receiving colonoscopy, colorectal cancer (CRC) screening without or with biopsy, destruction or excision (BDE), and diagnostic colonoscopy without or with BDE. Results We identified 6,422 new cases of PD among 221,582 individuals. The Cox model revealed a significantly increased risk of PD for patients who ever had a diagnostic colonoscopy without or with BDE (HR = 1.31; 95% CI: [1.23-1.40]; HR = 1.32 [1.22-1.42]) after adjustment for age and sex. After controlling for covariates and death, persons who ever underwent CRC screening had a 40% reduced risk of PD (CRHR = 0.60 [0.54-0.67]), while persons who underwent diagnostic colonoscopy had a 20% reduced risk of PD (CRHR = 0.81 [0.75-0.88]). Conclusions Colonoscopy does not increase the risk of PD, after adjusting for death and covariates. Individuals who underwent only CRC screening had the lowest risk of PD, which may be a result of a more health-conscious lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Victoria Holtz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases(DZNE), Demographic Studies, Bonn, Germany
- University of Rostock, Institute for Sociology and Demography, Rostock, Germany
| | - Anne Fink
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases(DZNE), Demographic Studies, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gültekin Tamgüney
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Biological Information Processing – Structural Biochemistry (IBI-7), Jülich, Germany
- Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gabriele Doblhammer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases(DZNE), Demographic Studies, Bonn, Germany
- University of Rostock, Institute for Sociology and Demography, Rostock, Germany
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5
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Boyd SL, Kuhn NC, Patterson JR, Stoll AC, Zimmerman SA, Kolanowski MR, Neubecker JJ, Luk KC, Ramsson ES, Sortwell CE, Bernstein AI. Developmental exposure to the Parkinson's disease-associated organochlorine pesticide dieldrin alters dopamine neurotransmission in α-synuclein pre-formed fibril (PFF)-injected mice. Toxicol Sci 2023; 196:99-111. [PMID: 37607008 PMCID: PMC10613968 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the fastest-growing neurological disease worldwide, with increases outpacing aging and occurring most rapidly in recently industrialized areas, suggesting a role of environmental factors. Epidemiological, post-mortem, and mechanistic studies suggest that persistent organic pollutants, including the organochlorine pesticide dieldrin, increase PD risk. In mice, developmental dieldrin exposure causes male-specific exacerbation of neuronal susceptibility to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and synucleinopathy. Specifically, in the α-synuclein (α-syn) pre-formed fibril (PFF) model, exposure leads to increased deficits in striatal dopamine (DA) turnover and motor deficits on the challenging beam. Here, we hypothesized that alterations in DA handling contribute to the observed changes and assessed vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) function and DA release in this dieldrin/PFF 2-hit model. Female C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 0.3 mg/kg dieldrin or vehicle every 3 days by feeding, starting at 8 weeks of age and continuing throughout breeding, gestation, and lactation. Male offspring from independent litters underwent unilateral, intrastriatal injections of α-syn PFFs at 12 weeks of age, and vesicular 3H-DA uptake assays and fast-scan cyclic voltammetry were performed 4 months post-PFF injection. Dieldrin-induced an increase in DA release in striatal slices in PFF-injected animals, but no change in VMAT2 activity. These results suggest that developmental dieldrin exposure increases a compensatory response to synucleinopathy-triggered striatal DA loss. These findings are consistent with silent neurotoxicity, where developmental exposure to dieldrin primes the nigrostriatal striatal system to have an exacerbated response to synucleinopathy in the absence of observable changes in typical markers of nigrostriatal dysfunction and degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra L Boyd
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Nathan C Kuhn
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Joseph R Patterson
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Anna C Stoll
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Sydney A Zimmerman
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI, USA
| | - Mason R Kolanowski
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI, USA
| | - Joseph J Neubecker
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI, USA
| | - Kelvin C Luk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eric S Ramsson
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI, USA
| | - Caryl E Sortwell
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Alison I Bernstein
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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6
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Martins AC, Virgolini MB, Ávila DS, Scharf P, Li J, Tinkov AA, Skalny AV, Bowman AB, Rocha JBT, Aschner M. Mitochondria in the Spotlight: C. elegans as a Model Organism to Evaluate Xenobiotic-Induced Dysfunction. Cells 2023; 12:2124. [PMID: 37681856 PMCID: PMC10486742 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a crucial role in cellular respiration, ATP production, and the regulation of various cellular processes. Mitochondrial dysfunctions have been directly linked to pathophysiological conditions, making them a significant target of interest in toxicological research. In recent years, there has been a growing need to understand the intricate effects of xenobiotics on human health, necessitating the use of effective scientific research tools. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), a nonpathogenic nematode, has emerged as a powerful tool for investigating toxic mechanisms and mitochondrial dysfunction. With remarkable genetic homology to mammals, C. elegans has been used in studies to elucidate the impact of contaminants and drugs on mitochondrial function. This review focuses on the effects of several toxic metals and metalloids, drugs of abuse and pesticides on mitochondria, highlighting the utility of C. elegans as a model organism to investigate mitochondrial dysfunction induced by xenobiotics. Mitochondrial structure, function, and dynamics are discussed, emphasizing their essential role in cellular viability and the regulation of processes such as autophagy, apoptosis, and calcium homeostasis. Additionally, specific toxins and toxicants, such as arsenic, cadmium, and manganese are examined in the context of their impact on mitochondrial function and the utility of C. elegans in elucidating the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, we demonstrate the utilization of C. elegans as an experimental model providing a promising platform for investigating the intricate relationships between xenobiotics and mitochondrial dysfunction. This knowledge could contribute to the development of strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of contaminants and drugs of abuse, ultimately enhancing our understanding of these complex processes and promoting human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airton C. Martins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Miriam B. Virgolini
- Departamento de Farmacología Otto Orsingher, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Técnicas (IFEC-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Daiana Silva Ávila
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology in Caenorhabditis Elegans, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, BR-472 Km 592, Uruguaiana 97500-970, RS, Brazil
| | - Pablo Scharf
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Jung Li
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA
| | - Alexey A. Tinkov
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl 150003, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Anatoly V. Skalny
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl 150003, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119435, Russia
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Aaron B. Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2051, USA
| | - João B. T. Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
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Post Z, Manfready RA, Keshavarzian A. Overview of the Gut-Brain Axis: From Gut to Brain and Back Again. Semin Neurol 2023; 43:506-517. [PMID: 37562457 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The gut-brain axis refers to a bidirectional communication pathway linking the gastrointestinal system to the central nervous system. The hardware of this multifaceted pathway takes many forms, at once structural (neurons, microglia, intestinal epithelial cell barrier), chemical (neurotransmitters, enteroendocrine hormones, bacterial metabolites), and cellular (immune signaling, inflammatory pathways). The gut-brain axis is exquisitely influenced by our environment, diet, and behaviors. Here, we will describe recent progress in understanding the gut-brain axis in neurological disease, using Parkinson's disease as a guide. We will see that each component of the gut-brain axis is heavily mediated by intestinal microbiota and learn how gut-brain communication can go awry in microbial dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë Post
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Richard A Manfready
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Departments of Physiology and Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Departments of Physiology and Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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Cresto N, Forner-Piquer I, Baig A, Chatterjee M, Perroy J, Goracci J, Marchi N. Pesticides at brain borders: Impact on the blood-brain barrier, neuroinflammation, and neurological risk trajectories. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 324:138251. [PMID: 36878369 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are omnipresent, and they pose significant environmental and health risks. Translational studies indicate that acute exposure to high pesticide levels is detrimental, and prolonged contact with low concentrations of pesticides, as single and cocktail, could represent a risk factor for multi-organ pathophysiology, including the brain. Within this research template, we focus on pesticides' impact on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and neuroinflammation, physical and immunological borders for the homeostatic control of the central nervous system (CNS) neuronal networks. We examine the evidence supporting a link between pre- and postnatal pesticide exposure, neuroinflammatory responses, and time-depend vulnerability footprints in the brain. Because of the pathological influence of BBB damage and inflammation on neuronal transmission from early development, varying exposures to pesticides could represent a danger, perhaps accelerating adverse neurological trajectories during aging. Refining our understanding of how pesticides influence brain barriers and borders could enable the implementation of pesticide-specific regulatory measures directly relevant to environmental neuroethics, the exposome, and one-health frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemie Cresto
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabel Forner-Piquer
- Centre for Pollution Research and Policy, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom.
| | - Asma Baig
- Centre for Pollution Research and Policy, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Mousumi Chatterjee
- Centre for Pollution Research and Policy, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Perroy
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Nicola Marchi
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.
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de Leeuw VC, van Oostrom CTM, Zwart EP, Heusinkveld HJ, Hessel EVS. Prolonged Differentiation of Neuron-Astrocyte Co-Cultures Results in Emergence of Dopaminergic Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043608. [PMID: 36835019 PMCID: PMC9959280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine is present in a subgroup of neurons that are vital for normal brain functioning. Disruption of the dopaminergic system, e.g., by chemical compounds, contributes to the development of Parkinson's disease and potentially some neurodevelopmental disorders. Current test guidelines for chemical safety assessment do not include specific endpoints for dopamine disruption. Therefore, there is a need for the human-relevant assessment of (developmental) neurotoxicity related to dopamine disruption. The aim of this study was to determine the biological domain related to dopaminergic neurons of a human stem cell-based in vitro test, the human neural progenitor test (hNPT). Neural progenitor cells were differentiated in a neuron-astrocyte co-culture for 70 days, and dopamine-related gene and protein expression was investigated. Expression of genes specific for dopaminergic differentiation and functioning, such as LMX1B, NURR1, TH, SLC6A3, and KCNJ6, were increasing by day 14. From day 42, a network of neurons expressing the catecholamine marker TH and the dopaminergic markers VMAT2 and DAT was present. These results confirm stable gene and protein expression of dopaminergic markers in hNPT. Further characterization and chemical testing are needed to investigate if the model might be relevant in a testing strategy to test the neurotoxicity of the dopaminergic system.
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Neurotoxicity induced by the pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin: Alterations in monoaminergic systems and dopaminergic and serotoninergic pathways in the rat brain. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 169:113434. [PMID: 36126889 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The effects of Type II pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin on dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) synthesis in rat brain regions (striatum, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus and midbrain) were studied. Lambda-cyhalothrin (1, 4 and 8 mg/kg bw, oral gavage, 6 days) induced a decrease of DA, 5-HT and metabolites contents, in a brain regional- and dose-related manner. The major decreases in DA and 5-HT contents were observed in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex tissues. This research study also showed in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, that lambda-cyhalothrin modified the mRNA levels of DA transporter gene (Dat1 up-regulation), 5-HT transporter gene (SERT down-regulation), DA receptor genes (Drd1and Drd2 down-regulation), 5-HT receptor genes (5-HT1A and 5-HT2A down-regulation/up-regulation), DA synthesis gene (TH down-regulation), 5-HT synthesis gene (TPH2 down-regulation), DA and 5-HT degradation genes (MAOA and MAOB up-regulation). These results reveal that lambda-cyhalothrin altered central nervous system (CNS) monoaminergic neurotransmitters. Lambda-cyhalothrin evoked a selective neurotoxic injury to dopaminergic and serotoninergic pathways. These findings may clarify on the pyrethroids-induced neurotoxicity mechanisms and could involve pyrethroids as environmental risk factors leading to the development of neurodegenerative diseases.
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11
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Imbriani P, Martella G, Bonsi P, Pisani A. Oxidative stress and synaptic dysfunction in rodent models of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 173:105851. [PMID: 36007757 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial disorder involving a complex interplay between a variety of genetic and environmental factors. In this scenario, mitochondrial impairment and oxidative stress are widely accepted as crucial neuropathogenic mechanisms, as also evidenced by the identification of PD-associated genes that are directly involved in mitochondrial function. The concept of mitochondrial dysfunction is closely linked to that of synaptic dysfunction. Indeed, compelling evidence supports the role of mitochondria in synaptic transmission and plasticity, although many aspects have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we will provide a brief overview of the most relevant evidence obtained in different neurotoxin-based and genetic rodent models of PD, focusing on mitochondrial impairment and synaptopathy, an early central event preceding overt nigrostriatal neurodegeneration. The identification of early deficits occurring in PD pathogenesis is crucial in view of the development of potential disease-modifying therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Imbriani
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Martella
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Bonsi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Pisani
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
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Thangaleela S, Sivamaruthi BS, Kesika P, Bharathi M, Chaiyasut C. Role of the Gut-Brain Axis, Gut Microbial Composition, Diet, and Probiotic Intervention in Parkinson's Disease. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1544. [PMID: 36013962 PMCID: PMC9412530 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second-most prevalent neurodegenerative or neuropsychiatric disease, affecting 1% of seniors worldwide. The gut microbiota (GM) is one of the key access controls for most diseases and disorders. Disturbance in the GM creates an imbalance in the function and circulation of metabolites, resulting in unhealthy conditions. Any dysbiosis could affect the function of the gut, consequently disturbing the equilibrium in the intestine, and provoking pro-inflammatory conditions in the gut lumen, which send signals to the central nervous system (CNS) through the vagus enteric nervous system, possibly disturbing the blood-brain barrier. The neuroinflammatory conditions in the brain cause accumulation of α-syn, and progressively develop PD. An important aspect of understanding and treating the disease is access to broad knowledge about the influence of dietary supplements on GM. Probiotics are live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. Probiotic supplementation improves the function of the CNS, and improves the motor and non-motor symptoms of PD. Probiotic supplementation could be an adjuvant therapeutic method to manage PD. This review summarizes the role of GM in health, the GM-brain axis, the pathogenesis of PD, the role of GM and diet in PD, and the influence of probiotic supplementation on PD. The study encourages further detailed clinical trials in PD patients with probiotics, which aids in determining the involvement of GM, intestinal mediators, and neurological mediators in the treatment or management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Thangaleela
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.T.); (P.K.); (M.B.)
| | | | - Periyanaina Kesika
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.T.); (P.K.); (M.B.)
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Muruganantham Bharathi
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.T.); (P.K.); (M.B.)
| | - Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.T.); (P.K.); (M.B.)
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13
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Re DB, Yan B, Calderón-Garcidueñas L, Andrew AS, Tischbein M, Stommel EW. A perspective on persistent toxicants in veterans and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: identifying exposures determining higher ALS risk. J Neurol 2022; 269:2359-2377. [PMID: 34973105 PMCID: PMC9021134 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10928-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple studies indicate that United States veterans have an increased risk of developing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) compared to civilians. However, the responsible etiological factors are unknown. In the general population, specific occupational (e.g. truck drivers, airline pilots) and environmental exposures (e.g. metals, pesticides) are associated with an increased ALS risk. As such, the increased prevalence of ALS in veterans strongly suggests that there are exposures experienced by military personnel that are disproportionate to civilians. During service, veterans may encounter numerous neurotoxic exposures (e.g. burn pits, engine exhaust, firing ranges). So far, however, there is a paucity of studies investigating environmental factors contributing to ALS in veterans and even fewer assessing their exposure using biomarkers. Herein, we discuss ALS pathogenesis in relation to a series of persistent neurotoxicants (often emitted as mixtures) including: chemical elements, nanoparticles and lipophilic toxicants such as dioxins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls. We propose these toxicants should be directly measured in veteran central nervous system tissue, where they may have accumulated for decades. Specific toxicants (or mixtures thereof) may accelerate ALS development following a multistep hypothesis or act synergistically with other service-linked exposures (e.g. head trauma/concussions). Such possibilities could explain the lower age of onset observed in veterans compared to civilians. Identifying high-risk exposures within vulnerable populations is key to understanding ALS etiopathogenesis and is urgently needed to act upon modifiable risk factors for military personnel who deserve enhanced protection during their years of service, not only for their short-term, but also long-term health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane B Re
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Beizhan Yan
- Department of Geochemistry, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas
- Department Biomedical Sciences, College of Health, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
- Universidad del Valle de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angeline S Andrew
- Department of Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Maeve Tischbein
- Department of Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Elijah W Stommel
- Department of Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA.
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Agid Y. Neurodegenerative disorders: Are we wrong? Rev Neurol (Paris) 2022; 178:407-413. [PMID: 35491249 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It is not obvious how to define a neurodegenerative disorder. There are several challenging questions: How should the diagnosis be made? How can we be sure that symptoms do not simply reflect normal aging of the nervous system? What are the mechanisms and what are the causes? What are the perspectives of treatment for the patients? Today, given the repetitive failures of curative and preventive treatments, the purpose of the following remarks is not to provide an additional lesson on "how to find a new treatment". Instead, the aim is to ask the difficult questions that might lead to envisaging research from another angle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Agid
- Paris Brain Institute, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, 83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.
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15
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In Vitro Neurotoxicity of Flumethrin Pyrethroid on SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells: Apoptosis Associated with Oxidative Stress. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10030131. [PMID: 35324756 PMCID: PMC8955675 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10030131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pyrethroids are neurotoxicants for animals, showing a pattern of toxic action on the nervous system. Flumethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid, is used against ectoparasites in domestic animals, plants, and for public health. This compound has been shown to be highly toxic to bees, while its effects on other animals have been less investigated. However, in vitro studies to evaluate cytotoxicity are scarce, and the mechanisms associated with this effect at the molecular level are still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the oxidative stress and cell death induction in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells in response to flumethrin exposure (1–1000 µM). Flumethrin induced a significant cytotoxic effect, as evaluated by MTT and LDH leakage assays, and produced an increase in the biomarkers of oxidative stress as reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide (ROS and NO) generation, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, and caspase-3 activity. In addition, flumethrin significantly increased apoptosis-related gene expressions (Bax, Casp-3, BNIP3, APAF1, and AKT1) and oxidative stress and antioxidative (NFκB and SOD2) mediators. The results demonstrated, by biochemical and gene expression assays, that flumethrin induces oxidative stress and apoptosis, which could cause DNA damage. Detailed knowledge obtained about these molecular changes could provide the basis for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of flumethrin-induced neurotoxicity.
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Application of neurotoxin- and pesticide-induced animal models of Parkinson's disease in the evaluation of new drug delivery systems. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2022; 72:35-58. [PMID: 36651528 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2022-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neuro-degenerative disease after Alzheimer´s disease. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as akinesia, bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity, and postural abnormalities, due to the loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons and a decrease in the dopa-mine contents of the caudate-putamen structures. To this date, there is no cure for the disease and available treatments are aimed at controlling the symptoms. Therefore, there is an unmet need for new treatments for PD. In the past decades, animal models of PD have been proven to be valuable tools in elucidating the nature of the pathogenic processes involved in the disease, and in designing new pharmacological approaches. Here, we review the use of neurotoxin-induced and pesticide-induced animal models of PD, specifically those induced by rotenone, paraquat, maneb, MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) and 6-OHDA (6-hydroxydopamine), and their application in the development of new drug delivery systems for PD.
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Krogsaeter E, Rosato AS, Grimm C. TRPMLs and TPCs: targets for lysosomal storage and neurodegenerative disease therapy? Cell Calcium 2022; 103:102553. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Khan AH, Lee LK, Smith DJ. Single-cell analysis of gene expression in the substantia nigra pars compacta of a pesticide-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Transl Neurosci 2022; 13:255-269. [PMID: 36117858 PMCID: PMC9438968 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2022-0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to pesticides in humans increases the risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD), but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. To elucidate these pathways, we dosed C57BL/6J mice with a combination of the pesticides maneb and paraquat. Behavioral analysis revealed motor deficits consistent with PD. Single-cell RNA sequencing of substantia nigra pars compacta revealed both cell-type-specific genes and genes expressed differentially between pesticide and control, including Fam241b, Emx2os, Bivm, Gm1439, Prdm15, and Rai2. Neurons had the largest number of significant differentially expressed genes, but comparable numbers were found in astrocytes and less so in oligodendrocytes. In addition, network analysis revealed enrichment in functions related to the extracellular matrix. These findings emphasize the importance of support cells in pesticide-induced PD and refocus our attention away from neurons as the sole agent of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad H. Khan
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Box 951735, 23-151 A CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1735, United States of America
| | - Lydia K. Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-6928, United States of America
| | - Desmond J. Smith
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Box 951735, 23-151 A CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1735, United States of America
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Yuan X, Tian Y, Liu C, Zhang Z. Environmental factors in Parkinson's disease: New insights into the molecular mechanisms. Toxicol Lett 2021; 356:1-10. [PMID: 34864130 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting 2-3% of the population ≥65 years. It has long been characterized by motor impairment, autonomic dysfunction, and psychological and cognitive changes. The pathological hallmarks are intracellular inclusions containing α-synuclein aggregates and the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Parkinson's disease is thought to be caused by a combination of various pathogenic factors, including genetic factors, environmental factors, and lifestyles. Although much research has focused on the genetic causes of PD, environmental risk factors also play a crucial role in the development of the disease. Here, we summarize the environmental risk factors that may increase the occurrence of PD, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Chaoyang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Xu S, Yang X, Qian Y, Luo Q, Song Y, Xiao Q. Analysis of serum levels of organochlorine pesticides and related factors in Parkinson's disease. Neurotoxicology 2021; 88:216-223. [PMID: 34864106 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that environmental factors contribute to the onset and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Pesticides are a class of environmental toxins that are linked to increased risk of developing PD. However, few studies have investigated the association between specific pesticides and PD, especially in China, which was one of the first countries to adopt the use of pesticides. METHODS In this study, serum levels of 19 pesticides were measured in 90 patients with PD and 90 healthy spouse controls. We also analyzed the interaction between specific pesticides and PD. In addition, the association between pesticides and clinical features of PD was also investigated. Finally, we investigated the underlying mechanism of the association between pesticides and PD. RESULTS Serum levels of organochlorine pesticides, which included α-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), β-HCH, γ-HCH, δ-HCH, propanil, heptachlor, dieldrin, hexachlorobenzene, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and o,p'-dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane were higher in PD patients than controls. Moreover, α-HCH and propanil levels were associated with PD. Serum levels of dieldrin were associated with Hamilton Depression Scale and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores in PD patients. In SH-SY5Y cells, α-HCH and propanil increased level of reactive oxygen species and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, propanil, but not α-HCH, induced the aggregation of α-synuclein. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that elevated serum levels of α-HCH and propanil were associated with PD. Serum levels of dieldrin were associated with depression and cognitive function in PD patients. Moreover, propanil, but not α-HCH, induced the aggregation of α-synuclein. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the effects of pesticides on PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing Xu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Yiwei Qian
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Qian Luo
- Core Facility of School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Yanyan Song
- Department of Biostatistics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Qin Xiao
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China.
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21
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Wang K, Zhang B, Tian T, Zhang B, Shi G, Zhang C, Li G, Huang M. Taurine protects dopaminergic neurons in paraquat-induced Parkinson's disease mouse model through PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Amino Acids 2021; 54:1-11. [PMID: 34837554 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Taurine (Tau) is one of the most abundant amino acids in the brain and regulates physiological functions in the central nervous system, including anti-inflammatory effects. There is growing evidence that microglia-mediated neuro-inflammatory responses are an integral part of Parkinson's disease (PD) onset and progression. Among the many factors regulating the inflammatory response, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) is susceptible to activation by a variety of cytokines and physicochemical factors, and subsequently recruits signaling proteins containing the pleckstrin homology structural domain to further regulate protein kinase B (AKT) expression involved in the regulation of the intracellular immune response and inflammatory response. Therefore, we established a PD mouse model using paraquat (PQ) intraperitoneal injection staining to explore the mechanism of Tau action on PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Our study showed that PD mice with Tau intervention recovered motor and non-motor functions to some extent, and the number of dopaminergic (DAc) neurons in the substantia nigra and the level of dopamine (DA) secretion in the striatum were also significantly increased compared with the PQ-dyed group, and the protein content of PI3K and PDK-1 and the phosphorylation level of AKT were reduced in parallel with the reduction in the expression of microglia and related inflammatory factors. In conclusion, our results suggest that Tau may regulate microglia-mediated inflammatory responses through inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway in the midbrain of PD mice, thereby reducing DAc neurons damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaidong Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, No.1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Baofu Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, No.1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Tian Tian
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, No.1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Bingyang Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, No.1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Ge Shi
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, No.1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Chunhui Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, No.1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, No.1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Min Huang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, No.1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
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22
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Ganesan S, Parvathi VD. Deconstructing the molecular genetics behind the PINK1/Parkin axis in Parkinson’s disease using Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-021-00208-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder marked by the death of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in response to the compounding effects of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and protein aggregation. Transgenic Drosophila models have been used extensively to decipher the underlying genetic interactions that exacerbate neural health in PD. Autosomal recessive forms of the disease have been linked to mutations in the serine/threonine kinase PINK1(PTEN-Induced Putative Kinase 1) and E3 ligase Parkin, which function in an axis that is conserved in flies. This review aims to probe the current understanding of PD pathogenesis via the PINK1/Parkin axis while underscoring the importance of several molecular and pharmacologic rescues brought to light through studies in Drosophila.
Main body
Mutations in PINK1 and Parkin have been shown to affect the axonal transport of mitochondria within dopaminergic neurons and perturb the balance between mitochondrial fusion/fission resulting in abnormal mitochondrial morphology. As per studies in flies, ectopic expression of Fwd kinase and Atg-1 to promote fission and mitophagy while suppressing fusion via MUL1 E3 ligase may aid to halt mitochondrial aggregation and prolong the survival of dopaminergic neurons. Furthermore, upregulation of Hsp70/Hsp90 chaperone systems (Trap1, CHIP) to target misfolded mitochondrial respiratory complexes may help to preserve their bioenergetic capacity. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species as a consequence of respiratory complex dysfunction or antioxidant enzyme deficiency further escalates neural death by inducing apoptosis, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. Fly studies have reported the induction of canonical Wnt signalling to enhance the activity of transcriptional co-activators (PGC1α, FOXO) which induce the expression of antioxidant enzymes. Enhancing the clearance of free radicals via uncoupling proteins (UCP4) has also been reported to ameliorate oxidative stress-induced cell death in PINK1/Parkin mutants.
Conclusion
While these novel mechanisms require validation through mammalian studies, they offer several explanations for the factors propagating dopaminergic death as well as promising insights into the therapeutic importance of transgenic fly models in PD.
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23
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Chen J, Li M, Zhou X, Xie A, Cai Z, Fu C, Peng Y, Zhang H, Liu L. Rotenone-Induced Neurodegeneration Is Enabled by a p38-Parkin-ROS Signaling Feedback Loop. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13942-13952. [PMID: 34779196 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rotenone, a component of pesticides, is widely used in agriculture and potentially causes Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the regulatory mechanisms of rotenone-induced PD are unclear. Here, we revealed a novel feedback mechanism of p38-Parkin-ROS regulating rotenone-induced PD. Rotenone treatment led to not only the activation of p38 but also Parkin inactivation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction in SN4741 cells. Meanwhile, p38 activation regulated Parkin phosphorylation at serine 131 to disrupt Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Notably, both p38 inhibition and Parkin overexpression decreased ROS levels. Additionally, the ROS inhibitor N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) inhibited p38 and activated Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Both p38 inhibition and the ROS inhibitor NAC exerted a protective effect by restoring cell death and mitochondrial function in rotenone-induced PD models. Based on these results, the p38-Parkin-ROS signaling pathway is involved in neurodegeneration. This pathway represents a valuable treatment strategy for rotenone-induced PD, and our study provides basic research evidence for the safe use of rotenone in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialong Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China
| | - Mingque Li
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China
| | - Xueqiong Zhou
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Ailun Xie
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China
| | - Ziwei Cai
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China
| | - Chunlai Fu
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yongming Peng
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China
| | - Linhua Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China
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Song Z, Liu S, Li X, Zhang M, Wang X, Shi Z, Ji Y. Prevalence of Parkinson's disease in China: a multicenter population-based survey. Neuroepidemiology 2021; 56:50-58. [PMID: 34758470 DOI: 10.1159/000520726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Few data are available on the current prevalence of Parkinson's disease in China. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Parkinson's disease in Chinese individuals aged 65 years and older and to analyze associated risk factors. METHODS We performed a population-based cross-sectional survey with a multistage cluster sampling design. Residents aged 65 and over were drawn from 11 urban districts and 10 rural counties across China. Data were entered into spreadsheets, and imported and analyzed using Statistical Package SPSS 24. RESULTS We identified 151 patients with Parkinson's disease among 8124 residents aged 65 and over, including 75 men (49.67%) and 76 women (50.33%). The overall prevalence of PD in the study population was 1.86% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6%-2.2%), and the standardized prevalence of PD was 1.60%. The crude prevalence in men (2.12%) was higher than in women (1.66%), and standardized prevalence in urban areas (1.98%) was higher than in rural areas (1.48%). Logistic regression analysis showed that independent risk factors for PD were older age, heavy metal or pesticide exposure (odds ratio [OR]=3.83; 95% CI: 2.021-7.256), urban residence (OR=1.307; 95% CI: 1.041-1.642), rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (OR=1.450; 95% CI: 1.021-2.059), and heart disease (OR=2.431; 95% CI: 1.481-4.990). Conclusion:The prevalence of Parkinson's disease in individuals aged 65 and older in China has not increased significantly in recent years. The prevalence of Parkinson's disease is higher in men than in women and higher in urban areas than in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Song
- Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,
| | - Shuai Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Dementia Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiyu Li
- Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Meilin Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Dementia Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhihong Shi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Dementia Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Dementia Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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25
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Sharma A, Muresanu DF, Patnaik R, Menon PK, Tian ZR, Sahib S, Castellani RJ, Nozari A, Lafuente JV, Buzoianu AD, Skaper SD, Bryukhovetskiy I, Manzhulo I, Wiklund L, Sharma HS. Histamine H3 and H4 receptors modulate Parkinson's disease induced brain pathology. Neuroprotective effects of nanowired BF-2649 and clobenpropit with anti-histamine-antibody therapy. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 266:1-73. [PMID: 34689857 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Military personnel deployed in combat operations are highly prone to develop Parkinson's disease (PD) in later lives. PD largely involves dopaminergic pathways with hallmarks of increased alpha synuclein (ASNC), and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) precipitating brain pathology. However, increased histaminergic nerve fibers in substantia nigra pars Compacta (SNpc), striatum (STr) and caudate putamen (CP) associated with upregulation of Histamine H3 receptors and downregulation of H4 receptors in human cases of PD is observed in postmortem cases. These findings indicate that modulation of histamine H3 and H4 receptors and/or histaminergic transmission may induce neuroprotection in PD induced brain pathology. In this review effects of a potent histaminergic H3 receptor inverse agonist BF-2549 or clobenpropit (CLBPT) partial histamine H4 agonist with H3 receptor antagonist, in association with monoclonal anti-histamine antibodies (AHmAb) in PD brain pathology is discussed based on our own observations. Our investigation shows that chronic administration of conventional or TiO2 nanowired BF 2649 (1mg/kg, i.p.) or CLBPT (1mg/kg, i.p.) once daily for 1 week together with nanowired delivery of HAmAb (25μL) significantly thwarted ASNC and p-tau levels in the SNpC and STr and reduced PD induced brain pathology. These observations are the first to show the involvement of histamine receptors in PD and opens new avenues for the development of novel drug strategies in clinical strategies for PD, not reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ranjana Patnaik
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Preeti K Menon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Seaab Sahib
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Rudy J Castellani
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Stephen D Skaper
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Department of Pharmacology, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Igor Bryukhovetskiy
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia; Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Igor Manzhulo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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26
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Anderson FL, von Herrmann KM, Young AL, Havrda MC. Bbc3 Loss Enhances Survival and Protein Clearance in Neurons Exposed to the Organophosphate Pesticide Chlorpyrifos. Toxicol Sci 2021; 183:378-392. [PMID: 34289071 PMCID: PMC8634496 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to environmental toxicants can increase the risk of developing age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Exposure to the widely used organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) is associated with increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, but the cellular mechanisms underlying CPF toxicity in neurons are not completely understood. We evaluated CPF toxicity in mouse primary cortical neuronal cultures, using RNA-sequencing to identify cellular pathways modulated by CPF. CPF exposure altered the expression of genes associated with intrinsic apoptosis, significantly elevating expression of the pro-apoptotic mediator Bbc3/Puma. Bbc3 loss attenuated CPF driven neurotoxicity, induction of other intrinsic apoptosis regulatory genes including Trp53 and Pmaip1 (encoding the NOXA protein), and cleavage of apoptosis executors caspase 3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). CPF exposure was associated with enhanced expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes and proteins and the accumulation of high molecular weight protein species in primary neuronal cultures. No evidence of alterations in the ubiquitin-proteosome system were observed, however, autophagy-related proteins were upregulated in CPF-treated Bbc3-/- neuronal cultures compared with identically exposed WT cultures. Elevated autophagy-related protein expression in Bbc3-/- neuronal cultures was associated with a reduction in CPF-induced high molecular weight alpha-synuclein and tau immunoreactive protein aggregates. Studies indicate that Bbc3-/- neuronal cultures enhance the endoplasmic reticulum stress response and upregulate protein clearance mechanisms as a component of resistance to CPF-mediated toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith L Anderson
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03766, USA
| | - Katharine M von Herrmann
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03766, USA
| | - Alison L Young
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03766, USA
| | - Matthew C Havrda
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03766, USA
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27
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Nandhini AR, Harshiny M, Gummadi SN. Chlorpyrifos in environment and food: a critical review of detection methods and degradation pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2021; 23:1255-1277. [PMID: 34553733 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00178g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CP) is a class of organophosphorus (OP) pesticides, which find extensive applications as acaricide, insecticide and termiticide. The use of CP has been indicated in environmental contamination and disturbance in the biogeochemical cycles. CP has been reported to be neurotoxic and has a detrimental effect on immunological and psychological health. Therefore, it is necessary to design and develop effective degradation methods for the removal of CP from the environment. In the past few years, physicochemical (advanced oxidation process) and biological treatment approaches have been widely employed for the pesticide removal. However, the byproducts of this process are more toxic than the parent compound and along with an incomplete degradation of CP. This review focuses on the toxicity of CP, the sources of contamination, degradation pathways, physicochemical, biological, and nano-technology based methods employed for the degradation of CP. In addition, consolidated information on various detection methods and materials used for the detection have been provided in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Nandhini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Alagappa College of Technology, Anna University, Chennai-600025, India
| | - M Harshiny
- Applied and Industrial Microbiology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India.
| | - Sathyanarayana N Gummadi
- Applied and Industrial Microbiology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India.
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28
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Russo M, Humes ST, Figueroa AM, Tagmount A, Zhang P, Loguinov A, Lednicky JA, Sabo-Attwood T, Vulpe CD, Liu B. Organochlorine Pesticide Dieldrin Suppresses Cellular Interferon-Related Antiviral Gene Expression. Toxicol Sci 2021; 182:260-274. [PMID: 34051100 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are persistent pollutants linked to diverse adverse health outcomes. Environmental exposure to OCPs has been suggested to negatively impact the immune system but their effects on cellular antiviral responses remain unknown. Transcriptomic analysis of N27 rat dopaminergic neuronal cells unexpectedly detected high level expression of genes in the interferon (IFN)-related antiviral response pathways including the IFN-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 and 2 (Ifit1/2) and the MX Dynamin Like GTPases Mx1 and Mx2. Interestingly, treatment of N27 cells with dieldrin markedly downregulated the expression of many of these genes. Dieldrin exterted a similar effect in inhibiting IFIT2 and MX1 gene expression in human SH-SY5Y neuronal cells induced by an RNA viral mimic, polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) and IFIT2/3 gene expression in human pulmonary epithelial cells exposed to human influenza H1N1 virus. Mechanistically, dieldrin induced a rapid rise in levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (iROS) and a decrease in intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels in SH-SY5Y cells. Treatment with N-acetylcysteine, an antioxidant and GSH biosynthesis precursor, effectively blocked both dieldrin-induced increases in iROS and its inhibition of poly I:C-induced upregulation of IFIT and MX gene expression, suggesting a role for intracellular oxidative status in dieldrin's modulation of antiviral gene expression. This study demonstrates that dieldrin modulates key genes of the cellular innate immune responses that are normally involved in the host's cellular defense against viral infections. Our findings have potential relevance to understanding the organismal effects of environmentally persistent organochlorine contaminants on the mammalian cellular immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Russo
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Sara T Humes
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, College of Public Health and Health Professions, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Ariana M Figueroa
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Abderrahmane Tagmount
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Alex Loguinov
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - John A Lednicky
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, College of Public Health and Health Professions, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Tara Sabo-Attwood
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, College of Public Health and Health Professions, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Chris D Vulpe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
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29
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Russo M, Sobh A, Zhang P, Loguinov A, Tagmount A, Vulpe CD, Liu B. Functional Pathway Identification With CRISPR/Cas9 Genome-wide Gene Disruption in Human Dopaminergic Neuronal Cells Following Chronic Treatment With Dieldrin. Toxicol Sci 2021; 176:366-381. [PMID: 32421776 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides, once widely used, are extremely persistent and bio-accumulative in the environment. Epidemiological studies have implicated that environmental exposure to organochlorine pesticides including dieldrin is a risk factor for the development of Parkinson's disease. However, the pertinent mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. In this study, we carried out a genome-wide (Brunello library, 19 114 genes, 76 411 sgRNAs) CRISPR/Cas9 screen in human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y neuronal cells exposed to a chronic treatment (30 days) with dieldrin to identify cellular pathways that are functionally related to the chronic cellular toxicity. Our results indicate that dieldrin toxicity was enhanced by gene disruption of specific components of the ubiquitin proteasome system as well as, surprisingly, the protein degradation pathways previously implicated in inherited forms of Parkinson's disease, centered on Parkin. In addition, disruption of regulatory components of the mTOR pathway which integrates cellular responses to both intra- and extracellular signals and is a central regulator for cell metabolism, growth, proliferation, and survival, led to increased sensitivity to dieldrin-induced cellular toxicity. This study is one of the first to apply a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9-based functional gene disruption screening approach in an adherent neuronal cell line to globally decipher cellular mechanisms that contribute to environmental toxicant-induced neurotoxicity and provides novel insight into the dopaminergic neurotoxicity associated with chronic exposure to dieldrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Russo
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy
| | - Amin Sobh
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy
| | - Alex Loguinov
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Abderrahmane Tagmount
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Chris D Vulpe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy
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30
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Lestón Pinilla L, Ugun-Klusek A, Rutella S, De Girolamo LA. Hypoxia Signaling in Parkinson's Disease: There Is Use in Asking "What HIF?". BIOLOGY 2021; 10:723. [PMID: 34439955 PMCID: PMC8389254 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a condition characterized by insufficient tissue oxygenation, which results in impaired oxidative energy production. A reduction in cellular oxygen levels induces the stabilization of hypoxia inducible factor α (HIF-1α), master regulator of the molecular response to hypoxia, involved in maintaining cellular homeostasis and driving hypoxic adaptation through the control of gene expression. Due to its high energy requirement, the brain is particularly vulnerable to oxygen shortage. Thus, hypoxic injury can cause significant metabolic changes in neural cell populations, which are associated with neurodegeneration. Recent evidence suggests that regulating HIF-1α may ameliorate the cellular damage in neurodegenerative diseases. Indeed, the hypoxia/HIF-1α signaling pathway has been associated to several processes linked to Parkinson's disease (PD) including gene mutations, risk factors and molecular pathways such as mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and protein degradation impairment. This review will explore the impact of hypoxia and HIF-1α signaling on these specific molecular pathways that influence PD development and will evaluate different novel neuroprotective strategies involving HIF-1α stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lestón Pinilla
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease, School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK;
| | - Aslihan Ugun-Klusek
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease, School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK;
| | - Sergio Rutella
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease, School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK;
| | - Luigi A. De Girolamo
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease, School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK;
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31
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Akintunde J, Farai T, Arogundade M, Adeleke J. Biogenic zinc-oxide nanoparticles of Moringa oleifera leaves abrogates rotenone induced neuroendocrine toxicity by regulation of oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 26:100999. [PMID: 33948501 PMCID: PMC8079990 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.100999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) from plant origin were postulated to regulate complex hormonal control through the hypothalamus- pituitary-testicular axis and somatic cells due to their unique small size and effective drug delivery to target tissues. This study therefore investigates the biogenic synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) from Moringa oleifera leaves on key endocrine hormones (LH, FSH and testosterone), MDA level, antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT), acetylcholineesterase (AChE) activity and reactive nitrogen species (NO•) level in rotenone induced male rat. The animals were divided into six groups (n = 8). Group I was orally given olive oil as vehicle; Group II received 60 mg/kg of rotenone (RTNE) only; Group III (RTNE + ZnONPs) received 60 mg/kg RTNE + 10 mg/kg ZnONPs; Group IV (RTNE + ZnCAP) received 60 mg/kg RTNE + 50 mg/kg zinc capsule; Group V (ZnONPs only) received 10 mg/kg ZnONPs only. Group VI received 50 mg/kg ZnCAP only. The experiment lasted 10 days. TEM and XRD images revealed ZnO NPs. Moreover, the presence of organic molecules in bio-reduction reactions from the FTIR spectrum showed the stabilization of the nanoparticles. Also, animals induced with rotenone exhibited impairment in the leydig cells by depleting LH, FSH, and testosterone levels with reduced AChE activity and significant (p < 0.05) alteration in cerebral enzymatic antioxidants. There was also brain increase in NO• production: marker of pro-inflammation. Nanotherapeutically, ZnONPs regulated hypothalamus-pituitary-testicular axis via modulation of cerebral NO•, FSH, LH, testosterone and AChE activity with induction of anti-oxidative enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.K. Akintunde
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
- Toxicology and Safety Unit, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - T.I. Farai
- Toxicology and Safety Unit, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - M.R. Arogundade
- Toxicology and Safety Unit, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - J.T. Adeleke
- Department of Mathematical and Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Osun State University, Oshogbo, Nigeria
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32
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FBXO22, ubiquitination degradation of PHLPP1, ameliorates rotenone induced neurotoxicity by activating AKT pathway. Toxicol Lett 2021; 350:1-9. [PMID: 34182063 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by the lacking of dopaminergic neurons. Many reports have illustrated that rotenone is applied to establish the experimental model of PD, which simulates PD-like symptoms. FBXO22 is a poorly understood protein that may be involved in neurological disorders. However, little is known about FBXO22 in PD. In this study, first, SH-SY5Y cells were treated with rotenone to construct PD model in vitro. It was discovered that the FBXO22 expression was down-regulated following rotenone treatment. Additionally, overexpression of FBXO22 reduced rotenone treatment-mediated cell apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. In view of the ubiquitination effect of FBXO22, our study uncovered that FBXO22 bound with and degraded PHLPP1 by ubiquitination. Next, the effects of PHLPP1 on AKT pathway in PD were further explored. It was demonstrated that PHLPP1 inactivated AKT pathway through down-regulating the pAKT/AKT and pmTOR/mTOR levels. Through rescue assays, the results showed that PHLPP1 overexpression partially reversed the reduction of rotenone induced neurotoxicity caused by FBXO22 overexpression. Finally, we found that overexpression of FBXO22 alleviated rotenone-induced PD symptoms in rat model. Moreover, it was discovered that l-dopa treatment could not affect the FBXO22 expression in PD. In conclusion, findings from our work proved that FBXO22 degraded PHLPP1 by ubiquitination to ameliorate rotenone induced neurotoxicity, which attributed to activate AKT pathway. This work suggested that FBXO22 may be an effective biological marker for PD treatment.
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33
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Huang Y, Wen Q, Huang J, Luo M, Xiao Y, Mo R, Wang J. Manganese (II) chloride leads to dopaminergic neurotoxicity by promoting mitophagy through BNIP3-mediated oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2021; 26:23. [PMID: 34078255 PMCID: PMC8173824 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-021-00267-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Manganese overexposure can induce neurotoxicity, lead to manganism and result in clinical manifestations similar to those of parkinsonism. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. This study demonstrated that MnCl2 induces mitophagy and leads to neurotoxicity by promoting BNIP3-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Methods Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were used throughout our experiments. Cell viability was detected by cell proliferation/toxicity test kits. Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by flow cytometry. ROS generation was detected using a microplate reader. Protein levels were evaluated by Western blot. Transmission electron microscopy was used to evaluate mitochondrial morphology. Co-immunoprecipitation was used to verify the interaction between BNIP3 and LC3. Results MnCl2 led to loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells by enhancing expression of BNIP3 and conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II. Moreover, MnCl2 reduced expression of the mitochondrial marker protein TOMM20 and promoted interaction between BNIP3 and LC3. The results also indicated that a decrease in BNIP3 expression reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential loss, attenuated apoptosis and reduced mitochondrial autophagosome formation in SH-SY5Y cells after MnCl2 treatment. Finally, we found that manganese-induced ROS generation could be reversed by the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) or silencing BNIP3 expression. Conclusions BNIP3 mediates MnCl2-induced mitophagy and neurotoxicity in dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells through ROS. Thus, BNIP3 contributes to manganese-induced neurotoxicity by functioning as a mitophagy receptor protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanning Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Qiaolin Wen
- Department of Neurology, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Liuzhou, 545005, China
| | - Jinfeng Huang
- Department of Neurology, First Peoples Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Man Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yousheng Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Ruikang Mo
- Department of Neurology, First Peoples Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
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Izco M, Vettorazzi A, Forcen R, Blesa J, de Toro M, Alvarez-Herrera N, Cooper JM, Gonzalez-Peñas E, Lopez de Cerain A, Alvarez-Erviti L. Oral subchronic exposure to the mycotoxin ochratoxin A induces key pathological features of Parkinson's disease in mice six months after the end of the treatment. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 152:112164. [PMID: 33819549 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Some epidemiological studies with different levels of evidence have pointed to a higher risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) after exposure to environmental toxicants. A practically unexplored potential etiological factor is a group of naturally-occurring fungal secondary metabolites called mycotoxins. The mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) has been reported to be neurotoxic in mice. To further identify if OTA exposure could have a role in PD pathology, Balb/c mice were orally treated with OTA (0.21, 0.5 mg/kg bw) four weeks and left for six months under normal diet. Effects of OTA on the onset, progression of alpha-synuclein pathology and development of motor deficits were evaluated. Immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses showed that oral subchronic OTA treatment induced loss of striatal dopaminergic innervation and dopaminergic cell dysfunction responsible for motor impairments. Phosphorylated alpha-synuclein levels were increased in gut and brain. LAMP-2A protein was decreased in tissues showing alpha-synuclein pathology. Cell cultures exposed to OTA exhibited decreased LAMP-2A protein, impairment of chaperone-mediated autophagy and decreased alpha-synuclein turnover which was linked to miRNAs deregulation, all reminiscent of PD. These results support the hypothesis that oral exposure to low OTA doses in mice can lead to biochemical and pathological changes reported in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Izco
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Piqueras 98, 3rd Floor, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| | - Ariane Vettorazzi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, MITOX Research Group, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, 31008, Spain.
| | - Raquel Forcen
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Piqueras 98, 3rd Floor, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| | - Javier Blesa
- HM CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Av. Carlos V, 70, 28938, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria de Toro
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain.
| | - Natalia Alvarez-Herrera
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Piqueras 98, 3rd Floor, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| | - J Mark Cooper
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, UCL, Gower Street, London, UK.
| | - Elena Gonzalez-Peñas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain.
| | - Adela Lopez de Cerain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, MITOX Research Group, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, 31008, Spain.
| | - Lydia Alvarez-Erviti
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Piqueras 98, 3rd Floor, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
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Dysregulation of PGC-1α-Dependent Transcriptional Programs in Neurological and Developmental Disorders: Therapeutic Challenges and Opportunities. Cells 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cells10020352
expr 820281011 + 880698691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence indicates that mitochondrial impairment contributes to neuronal dysfunction and vulnerability in disease states, leading investigators to propose that the enhancement of mitochondrial function should be considered a strategy for neuroprotection. However, multiple attempts to improve mitochondrial function have failed to impact disease progression, suggesting that the biology underlying the normal regulation of mitochondrial pathways in neurons, and its dysfunction in disease, is more complex than initially thought. Here, we present the proteins and associated pathways involved in the transcriptional regulation of nuclear-encoded genes for mitochondrial function, with a focus on the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α). We highlight PGC-1α’s roles in neuronal and non-neuronal cell types and discuss evidence for the dysregulation of PGC-1α-dependent pathways in Huntington’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, and developmental disorders, emphasizing the relationship between disease-specific cellular vulnerability and cell-type-specific patterns of PGC-1α expression. Finally, we discuss the challenges inherent to therapeutic targeting of PGC-1α-related transcriptional programs, considering the roles for neuron-enriched transcriptional coactivators in co-regulating mitochondrial and synaptic genes. This information will provide novel insights into the unique aspects of transcriptional regulation of mitochondrial function in neurons and the opportunities for therapeutic targeting of transcriptional pathways for neuroprotection.
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Dysregulation of PGC-1α-Dependent Transcriptional Programs in Neurological and Developmental Disorders: Therapeutic Challenges and Opportunities. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020352. [PMID: 33572179 PMCID: PMC7915819 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence indicates that mitochondrial impairment contributes to neuronal dysfunction and vulnerability in disease states, leading investigators to propose that the enhancement of mitochondrial function should be considered a strategy for neuroprotection. However, multiple attempts to improve mitochondrial function have failed to impact disease progression, suggesting that the biology underlying the normal regulation of mitochondrial pathways in neurons, and its dysfunction in disease, is more complex than initially thought. Here, we present the proteins and associated pathways involved in the transcriptional regulation of nuclear-encoded genes for mitochondrial function, with a focus on the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α). We highlight PGC-1α's roles in neuronal and non-neuronal cell types and discuss evidence for the dysregulation of PGC-1α-dependent pathways in Huntington's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and developmental disorders, emphasizing the relationship between disease-specific cellular vulnerability and cell-type-specific patterns of PGC-1α expression. Finally, we discuss the challenges inherent to therapeutic targeting of PGC-1α-related transcriptional programs, considering the roles for neuron-enriched transcriptional coactivators in co-regulating mitochondrial and synaptic genes. This information will provide novel insights into the unique aspects of transcriptional regulation of mitochondrial function in neurons and the opportunities for therapeutic targeting of transcriptional pathways for neuroprotection.
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C/EBPβ/δ-secretase signaling mediates Parkinson's disease pathogenesis via regulating transcription and proteolytic cleavage of α-synuclein and MAOB. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:568-585. [PMID: 32086435 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0687-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by dopaminergic neuronal loss and the presence of intra-neuronal Lewy body (LB) inclusions with aggregated α-synuclein (α-Syn) as the major component. MAOB, a crucial monoamine oxidase for dopamine metabolism, triggers oxidative stress in dopaminergic neurons and α-Syn aggregation. However, the key molecular mechanism that mediates PD pathogenesis remains elusive. Here we show that C/EBPβ acts as an age-dependent transcription factor for both α-Syn and MAOB, and initiates the PD pathologies by upregulating these two pivotal players, in addition to escalating δ-secretase activity to cleave α-Syn and promotes its neurotoxicity. Overexpression of C/EBPβ in human wild-type α-Syn transgenic mice facilitates PD pathologies and elicits motor disorders associated with augmentation of δ-secretase, α-Syn, and MAOB. In contrast, depletion of C/EBPβ from human α-Syn Tg mice abolishes rotenone-elicited PD pathologies and motor impairments via downregulating the expression of these key factors. Hence, our study supports that C/EBPβ/δ-secretase signaling mediates PD pathogenesis via regulating the expression and cleavage of α-Syn and MAOB.
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Rani L, Thapa K, Kanojia N, Sharma N, Singh S, Grewal AS, Srivastav AL, Kaushal J. An extensive review on the consequences of chemical pesticides on human health and environment. JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION 2021. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
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Rasheed MSU, Tripathi MK, Patel DK, Singh MP. Resveratrol Regulates Nrf2-Mediated Expression of Antioxidant and Xenobiotic Metabolizing Enzymes in Pesticides-Induced Parkinsonism. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 27:1038-1045. [PMID: 32242774 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527666200403110036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combined maneb (MB) and paraquat (PQ), two widely used pesticides, increases oxidative stress leading to Parkinsonism. Xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 and its mouse ortholog Cyp2d22 protect against Parkinsonism. Resveratrol, an antioxidant, restores antioxidant defense system through the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2- related factor 2 (Nrf2). However, a crosstalk between Cyp2d22/CYP2D6-mediated protection and resveratrol-induced Nrf2 activation leading to neuroprotection is not yet elucidated. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to decipher the effect of resveratrol on Nrf2 activation and expression of its downstream mediators, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) along with Cyp2d22/CYP2D6 activity in combined MB and PQ mouse model of Parkinsonism and differentiated neuroblastoma cells. RESULTS MB and PQ reduced the dopamine content (mouse) and Cyp2d22/CYP2D6 activity (mouse/neuroblastoma cells) and increased the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and expression of NQO1 and Trx1 (both). Resveratrol ameliorated pesticides-induced changes in dopamine content and Cyp2d22/CYP2D6 activity. It was found to promote nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and expression of NQO1 and Trx1 proteins. Since Cyp2d22/CYP2D6 inhibitor (ketoconazole/quinidine) per se reduced Cyp2d22/CYP2D6 activity and dopamine content, it was found to substantially increase the pesticides-induced reduction in Cyp2d22/CYP2D6 activity and dopamine content. Inhibitors normalized the pesticides induced changes in Nrf2 translocation and NQO1 and Trx1 levels in pesticides treated groups. CONCLUSION The results suggest that resveratrol promotes the catalytic activity of xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme, Cyp2d22/CYP2D6, which partially contributes to Nrf2 activation in pesticides- induced Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Sami Ur Rasheed
- Toxicogenomics and Predictive Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group,
CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Manish Kumar Tripathi
- Toxicogenomics and Predictive Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group,
CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Patel
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mahendra Pratap Singh
- Toxicogenomics and Predictive Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group,
CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
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40
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de Bem AF, Krolow R, Farias HR, de Rezende VL, Gelain DP, Moreira JCF, Duarte JMDN, de Oliveira J. Animal Models of Metabolic Disorders in the Study of Neurodegenerative Diseases: An Overview. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:604150. [PMID: 33536868 PMCID: PMC7848140 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.604150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of metabolic disorders, as well as of neurodegenerative diseases—mainly the sporadic forms of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease—are increasing worldwide. Notably, obesity, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia have been indicated as early risk factors for sporadic forms of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. These conditions share a range of molecular and cellular features, including protein aggregation, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and blood-brain barrier dysfunction, all of which contribute to neuronal death and cognitive impairment. Rodent models of obesity, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia exhibit all the hallmarks of these degenerative diseases, and represent an interesting approach to the study of the phenotypic features and pathogenic mechanisms of neurodegenerative disorders. We review the main pathological aspects of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease as summarized in rodent models of obesity, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreza Fabro de Bem
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brazilia, Brazil
| | - Rachel Krolow
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Hémelin Resende Farias
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Victória Linden de Rezende
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Daniel Pens Gelain
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - José Cláudio Fonseca Moreira
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - João Miguel das Neves Duarte
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jade de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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41
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Bhattarai Y, Si J, Pu M, Ross OA, McLean PJ, Till L, Moor W, Grover M, Kandimalla KK, Margolis KG, Farrugia G, Kashyap PC. Role of gut microbiota in regulating gastrointestinal dysfunction and motor symptoms in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1866974. [PMID: 33459114 PMCID: PMC7833732 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1866974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized primarily by motor and non-motor gastrointestinal (GI) deficits. GI symptoms' including compromised intestinal barrier function often accompanies altered gut microbiota composition and motor deficits in PD. Therefore, in this study, we set to investigate the role of gut microbiota and epithelial barrier dysfunction on motor symptom generation using a rotenone-induced mouse model of PD. We found that while six weeks of 10 mg/kg of chronic rotenone administration by oral gavage resulted in loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) neurons in both germ-free (GF) and conventionally raised (CR) mice, the decrease in motor strength and coordination was observed only in CR mice. Chronic rotenone treatment did not disrupt intestinal permeability in GF mice but resulted in a significant change in gut microbiota composition and an increase in intestinal permeability in CR mice. These results highlight the potential role of gut microbiota in regulating barrier dysfunction and motor deficits in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Bhattarai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,Yogesh Bhattarai Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Jie Si
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Meng Pu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Owen A. Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Lisa Till
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - William Moor
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Madhusudan Grover
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Karunya K. Kandimalla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kara G. Margolis
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gianrico Farrugia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Purna C. Kashyap
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,CONTACT Purna Kashyap Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Budnar P, Singh NP, Rao CM. HSPB5 (αB-crystallin) confers protection against paraquat-induced oxidative stress at the organismal level in a tissue-dependent manner. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:229-239. [PMID: 33078332 PMCID: PMC7736594 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01171-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the major and continuous stresses, an organism encounters during its lifetime. Tissues such as the brain, liver and muscles are more prone to damage by oxidative stress due to their metabolic activity, differences in physiological and adaptive processes. One of the defence mechanisms against continuous oxidative stress is a set of small heat shock proteins. αB-Crystallin/HSPB5, a small heat shock protein, gets upregulated under stress and acts as a molecular chaperone. In addition to acting as a molecular chaperone, HSPB5 is shown to have a role in other cytoprotective functions such as inhibition of apoptosis, prevention of oxidative stress and stabilisation of cytoskeletal system. Such protection in vivo, at the organism level, particularly in a tissue-dependent manner, has not been investigated. We have expressed HSPB5 in fat body (liver), neurons and specifically in dopaminergic and motor neurons in Drosophila and investigated its protective effect against paraquat-induced oxidative stress. We observed that expression of HSPB5 in neurons and fat body confers protection against paraquat-induced oxidative stress. Expression in dopaminergic neurons showed a higher protective effect. Our results clearly establish the protective ability of HSPB5 in vivo; the extent of protection, however, varies depending on the tissue in which it is expressed. Interestingly, neuronal expression of HSPB5 resulted in an improvement in negative geotropic behaviour, whereas specific expression in muscle tissue did not show such a beneficial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Budnar
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Narendra Pratap Singh
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Ch Mohan Rao
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
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43
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Lee D, Jo MG, Kim SY, Chung CG, Lee SB. Dietary Antioxidants and the Mitochondrial Quality Control: Their Potential Roles in Parkinson's Disease Treatment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111056. [PMID: 33126703 PMCID: PMC7692176 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in medicine and dietary standards over recent decades have remarkably increased human life expectancy. Unfortunately, the chance of developing age-related diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), increases with increased life expectancy. High metabolic demands of neurons are met by mitochondria, damage of which is thought to contribute to the development of many NDDs including Parkinson’s disease (PD). Mitochondrial damage is closely associated with the abnormal production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are widely known to be toxic in various cellular environments, including NDD contexts. Thus, ways to prevent or slow mitochondrial dysfunction are needed for the treatment of these NDDs. In this review, we first detail how ROS are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and review the cellular mechanisms, such as the mitochondrial quality control (MQC) system, by which neurons defend against both abnormal production of ROS and the subsequent accumulation of damaged mitochondria. We next highlight previous studies that link mitochondrial dysfunction with PD and how dietary antioxidants might provide reinforcement of the MQC system. Finally, we discuss how aging plays a role in mitochondrial dysfunction and PD before considering how healthy aging through proper diet and exercise may be salutary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davin Lee
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; (D.L.); (M.G.J.); (S.Y.K.)
- Protein Dynamics-Based Proteotoxicity Control Laboratory, Basic Research Lab, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Min Gu Jo
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; (D.L.); (M.G.J.); (S.Y.K.)
- Protein Dynamics-Based Proteotoxicity Control Laboratory, Basic Research Lab, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Seung Yeon Kim
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; (D.L.); (M.G.J.); (S.Y.K.)
- Protein Dynamics-Based Proteotoxicity Control Laboratory, Basic Research Lab, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Chang Geon Chung
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; (D.L.); (M.G.J.); (S.Y.K.)
- Protein Dynamics-Based Proteotoxicity Control Laboratory, Basic Research Lab, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.G.C.); (S.B.L.)
| | - Sung Bae Lee
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; (D.L.); (M.G.J.); (S.Y.K.)
- Protein Dynamics-Based Proteotoxicity Control Laboratory, Basic Research Lab, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.G.C.); (S.B.L.)
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44
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Go RCP, Corley MJ, Ross GW, Petrovitch H, Masaki KH, Maunakea AK, He Q, Tiirikainen MI. Genome-wide epigenetic analyses in Japanese immigrant plantation workers with Parkinson's disease and exposure to organochlorines reveal possible involvement of glial genes and pathways involved in neurotoxicity. BMC Neurosci 2020; 21:31. [PMID: 32650713 PMCID: PMC7350633 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-020-00582-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a disease of the central nervous system that progressively affects the motor system. Epidemiological studies have provided evidence that exposure to agriculture-related occupations or agrichemicals elevate a person’s risk for PD. Here, we sought to examine the possible epigenetic changes associated with working on a plantation on Oahu, HI and/or exposure to organochlorines (OGC) in PD cases. Results We measured genome-wide DNA methylation using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450K BeadChip array in matched peripheral blood and postmortem brain biospecimens in PD cases (n = 20) assessed for years of plantation work and presence of organochlorines in brain tissue. The comparison of 10+ to 0 years of plantation work exposure detected 7 and 123 differentially methylated loci (DML) in brain and blood DNA, respectively (p < 0.0001). The comparison of cases with 4+ to 0–2 detectable levels of OGCs, identified 8 and 18 DML in brain and blood DNA, respectively (p < 0.0001). Pathway analyses revealed links to key neurotoxic and neuropathologic pathways related to impaired immune and proinflammatory responses as well as impaired clearance of damaged proteins, as found in the predominantly glial cell population in these environmental exposure-related PD cases. Conclusions These results suggest that distinct DNA methylation biomarker profiles related to environmental exposures in PD cases with previous exposure can be found in both brain and blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney C P Go
- Pacific Health Research and Education Institute, 3375 Koapaka Street, Suite I-540, Honolulu, HI, 96819, USA.,Kuakini Health Systems, 347 N Kuakini St, Honolulu, HI, 96817, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Michael J Corley
- Department of Native Hawaiian Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, 650 Ilalo St, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - G Webster Ross
- Pacific Health Research and Education Institute, 3375 Koapaka Street, Suite I-540, Honolulu, HI, 96819, USA.,Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System, 459 Patterson Rd, Honolulu, HI, 96819, USA.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 650 Ilalo St, Honolulu, HI, 96817, USA
| | - Helen Petrovitch
- Pacific Health Research and Education Institute, 3375 Koapaka Street, Suite I-540, Honolulu, HI, 96819, USA.,Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System, 459 Patterson Rd, Honolulu, HI, 96819, USA.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 650 Ilalo St, Honolulu, HI, 96817, USA
| | - Kamal H Masaki
- Kuakini Health Systems, 347 N Kuakini St, Honolulu, HI, 96817, USA.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 650 Ilalo St, Honolulu, HI, 96817, USA
| | - Alika K Maunakea
- Department of Native Hawaiian Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, 650 Ilalo St, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Qimei He
- Pacific Health Research and Education Institute, 3375 Koapaka Street, Suite I-540, Honolulu, HI, 96819, USA.,Kuakini Health Systems, 347 N Kuakini St, Honolulu, HI, 96817, USA.,Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System, 459 Patterson Rd, Honolulu, HI, 96819, USA
| | - Maarit I Tiirikainen
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 701 Ilalo St, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.
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Gezer AO, Kochmanski J, VanOeveren SE, Cole-Strauss A, Kemp CJ, Patterson JR, Miller KM, Kuhn NC, Herman DE, McIntire A, Lipton JW, Luk KC, Fleming SM, Sortwell CE, Bernstein AI. Developmental exposure to the organochlorine pesticide dieldrin causes male-specific exacerbation of α-synuclein-preformed fibril-induced toxicity and motor deficits. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 141:104947. [PMID: 32422283 PMCID: PMC7343230 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human and animal studies have shown that exposure to the organochlorine pesticide dieldrin is associated with increased risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous work showed that developmental dieldrin exposure increased neuronal susceptibility to MPTP toxicity in male C57BL/6 mice, possibly via changes in dopamine (DA) packaging and turnover. However, the relevance of the MPTP model to PD pathophysiology has been questioned. We therefore studied dieldrin-induced neurotoxicity in the α-synuclein (α-syn)-preformed fibril (PFF) model, which better reflects the α-syn pathology and toxicity observed in PD pathogenesis. Specifically, we used a "two-hit" model to determine whether developmental dieldrin exposure increases susceptibility to α-syn PFF-induced synucleinopathy. Dams were fed either dieldrin (0.3 mg/kg, every 3-4 days) or vehicle corn oil starting 1 month prior to breeding and continuing through weaning of pups at postnatal day 22. At 12 weeks of age, male and female offspring received intrastriatal α-syn PFF or control saline injections. Consistent with the male-specific increased susceptibility to MPTP, our results demonstrate that developmental dieldrin exposure exacerbates PFF-induced toxicity in male mice only. Specifically, in male offspring, dieldrin exacerbated PFF-induced motor deficits on the challenging beam and increased DA turnover in the striatum 6 months after PFF injection. However, male offspring showed neither exacerbation of phosphorylated α-syn aggregation (pSyn) in the substantia nigra (SN) at 1 or 2 months post-PFF injection, nor exacerbation of PFF-induced TH and NeuN loss in the SN 6 months post-PFF injection. Collectively, these data indicate that developmental dieldrin exposure produces a male-specific exacerbation of synucleinopathy-induced behavioral and biochemical deficits. This sex-specific result is consistent with both previous work in the MPTP model, our previously reported sex-specific effects of this exposure paradigm on the male and female epigenome, and the higher prevalence and more severe course of PD in males. The novel two-hit environmental toxicant/PFF exposure paradigm established in this project can be used to explore the mechanisms by which other PD-related exposures alter neuronal vulnerability to synucleinopathy in sporadic PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul O Gezer
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States of America; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, College of Natural Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America; College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Joseph Kochmanski
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States of America
| | - Sarah E VanOeveren
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States of America
| | - Allyson Cole-Strauss
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States of America
| | - Christopher J Kemp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States of America
| | - Joseph R Patterson
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States of America
| | - Kathryn M Miller
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States of America
| | - Nathan C Kuhn
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States of America
| | - Danielle E Herman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States of America
| | - Alyssa McIntire
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States of America
| | - Jack W Lipton
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States of America; Mercy Health St. Mary's, Grand Rapids, MI, United States of America
| | - Kelvin C Luk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Sheila M Fleming
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States of America
| | - Caryl E Sortwell
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States of America; Mercy Health St. Mary's, Grand Rapids, MI, United States of America
| | - Alison I Bernstein
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States of America; Mercy Health St. Mary's, Grand Rapids, MI, United States of America.
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Song C, Charli A, Luo J, Riaz Z, Jin H, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy A, Kanthasamy AG. Mechanistic Interplay Between Autophagy and Apoptotic Signaling in Endosulfan-Induced Dopaminergic Neurotoxicity: Relevance to the Adverse Outcome Pathway in Pesticide Neurotoxicity. Toxicol Sci 2020; 169:333-352. [PMID: 30796443 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to pesticides is implicated in the etiopathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Previously, we showed that dieldrin induces dopaminergic neurotoxicity by activating a cascade of apoptotic signaling pathways in experimental models of PD. Here, we systematically investigated endosulfan's effect on the interplay between apoptosis and autophagy in dopaminergic neuronal cell models of PD. Exposing N27 dopaminergic neuronal cells to endosulfan rapidly induced autophagy, indicated by an increased number of autophagosomes and LC3-II accumulation. Prolonged endosulfan exposure (>9 h) triggered apoptotic signaling, including caspase-2 and -3 activation and protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) proteolytic activation, ultimately leading to cell death, thus demonstrating that autophagy precedes apoptosis during endosulfan neurotoxicity. Furthermore, inhibiting autophagy with wortmannin, a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor, potentiated endosulfan-induced apoptosis, suggesting that autophagy is an early protective response against endosulfan. Additionally, Beclin-1, a major regulator of autophagy, was cleaved during the initiation of apoptotic cell death, and the cleavage was predominantly mediated by caspase-2. Also, caspase-2 and caspase-3 inhibitors effectively blocked endosulfan-induced apoptotic cell death. CRISPR/Cas9-based stable knockdown of PKCδ significantly attenuated endosulfan-induced caspase-3 activation, indicating that the kinase serves as a regulatory switch for apoptosis. Additional studies in primary mesencephalic neuronal cultures confirmed endosulfan's effect on autophagy and neuronal degeneration. Collectively, our results demonstrate that a functional interplay between autophagy and apoptosis dictate pesticide-induced neurodegenerative processes in dopaminergic neuronal cells. Our study provides insight into cell death mechanisms in environmentally linked neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adhithiya Charli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Zainab Riaz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Huajun Jin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Vellareddy Anantharam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Anumantha G Kanthasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
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Gil-Martins E, Barbosa DJ, Silva V, Remião F, Silva R. Dysfunction of ABC transporters at the blood-brain barrier: Role in neurological disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 213:107554. [PMID: 32320731 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporters represent one of the largest and most diverse superfamily of proteins in living species, playing an important role in many biological processes such as cell homeostasis, cell signaling, drug metabolism and nutrient uptake. Moreover, using the energy generated from ATP hydrolysis, they mediate the efflux of endogenous and exogenous substrates from inside the cells, thereby reducing their intracellular accumulation. At present, 48 ABC transporters have been identified in humans, which were classified into 7 different subfamilies (A to G) according to their phylogenetic analysis. Nevertheless, the most studied members with importance in drug therapeutic efficacy and toxicity include P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a member of the ABCB subfamily, the multidrug-associated proteins (MPRs), members of the ABCC subfamily, and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), a member of the ABCG subfamily. They exhibit ubiquitous expression throughout the human body, with a special relevance in barrier tissues like the blood-brain barrier (BBB). At this level, they play a physiological function in tissue protection by reducing or limiting the brain accumulation of neurotoxins. Furthermore, dysfunction of ABC transporters, at expression and/or activity level, has been associated with many neurological diseases, including epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Additionally, these transporters are strikingly associated with the pharmacoresistance to central nervous system (CNS) acting drugs, because they contribute to the decrease in drug bioavailability. This article reviews the signaling pathways that regulate the expression and activity of P-gp, BCRP and MRPs subfamilies of transporters, with particular attention at the BBB level, and their mis-regulation in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Gil-Martins
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniel José Barbosa
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Vera Silva
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Remião
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Renata Silva
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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Tufail M. Clinical Features and Risk Factors of Parkinson's Disease in a Population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: A Case-Control Study. NEURODEGENER DIS 2020; 19:211-217. [PMID: 32289774 DOI: 10.1159/000506742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurological disorders that mostly affect aged individuals. The common symptoms of PD are rest tremor, bradykinesia, and rigidity. OBJECTIVES The present study was devised to find out the clinical features and risk factors associated with PD in a population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. METHODS A total of 600 PD patients and 1,200 control individuals took part in this study. The participants filled out a standard questionnaire. RESULTS This study found a significant association between PD and exposure to pesticides (p < 0.0001) and doing work on farms (p < 0.0001). The use of aldrin was significantly associated with PD (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, we also found that PD status was associated with individuals who have a history of depression, hypertension, head injury, and Alzheimer's disease. This study also showed that the PD rate was lower in those who were using tobacco products. CONCLUSION In this case-control study, we revealed some environmental and medical conditions that are linked with PD. To control the disease, we must minimize exposure to pesticides, and the government and scientific community should play their role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tufail
- Centre for Human Genetics, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan,
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49
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Dardiotis E, Aloizou AM, Sakalakis E, Siokas V, Koureas M, Xiromerisiou G, Petinaki E, Wilks M, Tsatsakis A, Hadjichristodoulou C, Stefanis L, Hadjigeorgiou GM. Organochlorine pesticide levels in Greek patients with Parkinson's disease. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:596-601. [PMID: 32426240 PMCID: PMC7225589 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease, mostly presenting with characteristic motor symptoms. Organochlorines (OC) are a class of widely-used pesticides that have been included among the list of environmental factors incriminated in PD pathogenesis. However, most studies reporting this association are based on questionnaires, and few have reported exposure data. Aim To examine the relationship between OC blood concentrations and PD risk. Methods In the present study, we studied the concentrations of 8 OC compounds (hexachlorobenzene, heptachlor, hepachlor epoxide, c-chlordane, a-chlordane, p,p’-DDE, DDD, DDT) in 104 Greek PD patients and 110 healthy controls. Results All substances studied were present in at least one sample. The most frequently detected (above the level of quantification) pesticides were p,p’-DDE (n = 214, 100 % of both groups) and hexachlorobenzene, HCB (n = 189, cases 46.5 %, controls 53.5 %). Higher levels of DDE were detected among PD patients in comparison to controls by using logistic regression analysis to control for confounders [Odds Ratio, OR (95 % confidence interval, C.I.)]: 2.592,(1.29–5.21)], whilst lower levels of HCB were detect among PD patients [OR,95 %CI:0.176(0.09−0.35)]. Conclusions Our data suggest that exposure to specific OCs is related to the risk of PD. Further studies, using real exposure data, are needed in order to confirm and extend these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Athina-Maria Aloizou
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Evagelos Sakalakis
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Vasileios Siokas
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Michalis Koureas
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 22 Papakyriazi Street, 41222, Larissa, Greece
| | - Georgia Xiromerisiou
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Efthymia Petinaki
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Martin Wilks
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, University of Basel, CH‑4055, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Christos Hadjichristodoulou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 22 Papakyriazi Street, 41222, Larissa, Greece
| | - Leonidas Stefanis
- 1stDepartment of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, 72-74 Vas.Sophias Ave, 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios M Hadjigeorgiou
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece.,Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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50
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Casagrande FV, Amadeo A, Cartelli D, Calogero AM, Modena D, Costa I, Cantele F, Onelli E, Moscatelli A, Ascagni M, Pezzoli G, Cappelletti G. The imbalance between dynamic and stable microtubules underlies neurodegeneration induced by 2,5-hexanedione. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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