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Marquez-Gomez PL, Kruyer NS, Eisen SL, Torp LR, Howie RL, Jones EV, France S, Peralta-Yahya P. Discovery of 8-Hydroxyquinoline as a Histamine Receptor 2 Blocker Scaffold. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:2820-2828. [PMID: 35930594 PMCID: PMC9396701 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
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Histamine receptor 2 (HRH2) activation in
the stomach
results in gastric acid secretion, and HRH2 blockers are
used for the treatment of peptidic ulcers and acid reflux. Over-the-counter
HRH2 blockers carry a five-membered aromatic heterocycle,
with two of them additionally carrying a tertiary amine that decomposes
to N-nitrosodimethylamine, a human carcinogen. To discover a novel
HRH2 blocker scaffold to serve in the development of next-generation
HRH2 blockers, we developed an HRH2-based sensor
in yeast by linking human HRH2 activation to cell luminescence.
We used the HRH2-based sensor to screen a 403-member anti-infection
chemical library and identified three HRH2 blockers, chlorquinaldol,
chloroxine, and broxyquinoline, all sharing an 8-hydroxyquinoline
scaffold, which is not found among known HRH2 antagonists.
Critically, we validate their HRH2-blocking ability in
mammalian cells. Molecular docking suggests that the HRH2 blockers bind the histamine binding pocket and structure–activity
data point toward these blockers acting as competitive antagonists.
Chloroxine and broxyquinoline are antimicrobials that can be found
in the gastrointestinal tract at concentrations that would block HRH2, thus likely modulating gastric acid secretion. Taken together,
this work demonstrates the utility of GPCR-based sensors for rapid
drug discovery applications, identifies a novel HRH2 blocker
scaffold, and provides further evidence that antimicrobials not only
target the human microbiota but also the human host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola L Marquez-Gomez
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Nicholas S Kruyer
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Sara L Eisen
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Lily R Torp
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Rebecca L Howie
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Elizabeth V Jones
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Stefan France
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Pamela Peralta-Yahya
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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2
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Ernsberger U, Deller T, Rohrer H. The sympathies of the body: functional organization and neuronal differentiation in the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 386:455-475. [PMID: 34757495 PMCID: PMC8595186 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03548-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During the last 30 years, our understanding of the development and diversification of postganglionic sympathetic neurons has dramatically increased. In parallel, the list of target structures has been critically extended from the cardiovascular system and selected glandular structures to metabolically relevant tissues such as white and brown adipose tissue, lymphoid tissues, bone, and bone marrow. A critical question now emerges for the integration of the diverse sympathetic neuron classes into neural circuits specific for these different target tissues to achieve the homeostatic regulation of the physiological ends affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Ernsberger
- Institute for Clinical Neuroanatomy, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| | - Thomas Deller
- Institute for Clinical Neuroanatomy, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Hermann Rohrer
- Institute for Clinical Neuroanatomy, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
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Chen H, Chen W, Guo H, Lin H, Zhang Y. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the seawater around a typical subtropical tourist city of China and associated ecological risk. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:22716-22728. [PMID: 33423193 PMCID: PMC7797026 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12335-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the sea area surrounding a densely populated tourist city in southeastern China were investigated. In total, 32 PPCP pollutants classified into 23 categories were detected. Different spatial distribution patterns of PPCPs indicated possible contamination from runoff and multiple local sources. The labile-to-conservative ratios of PPCPs showed the influence of untreated domestic sewage. In addition, increased concentrations of ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and erythromycin around aquaculture farms imply that aquaculture cannot be neglected as a source. The concentrations of oxytetracycline, ranitidine, ciprofloxacin, miconazole, and sulfamethizole were higher in the wet season than those in the dry season, and the difference in pharmaceutical consumption was suspected to be the main driving factor of this seasonal variation. The risk quotients calculated with the maximum concentrations of miconazole, triclosan, dehydronifedipine, and triclocarban exceeded 0.1, indicating potential moderate or high risks. Antibacterial agents in daily chemicals and azole broad-spectrum antifungals were associated with the highest risks in this study; this might be another significant pollution characteristic in the sea area around this subtropical tourist city.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhe Chen
- Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Third Institute of Oceanography, No. 178, Daxue Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361005 Fujian China
| | - Wenfeng Chen
- Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Third Institute of Oceanography, No. 178, Daxue Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361005 Fujian China
| | - Huige Guo
- Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Third Institute of Oceanography, No. 178, Daxue Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361005 Fujian China
| | - Hui Lin
- Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Third Institute of Oceanography, No. 178, Daxue Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361005 Fujian China
| | - Yuanbiao Zhang
- Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Third Institute of Oceanography, No. 178, Daxue Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361005 Fujian China
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In Vitro Effects of 2-{4-[Methylthio(methylsulfonyl)]phenyl}-3-substitutedthiazolidin-4-ones on the Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Rat Brain and Lymphocytes: Isoform Selectivity, Kinetic Analysis, and Molecular Docking. Neurochem Res 2019; 45:241-253. [PMID: 31845170 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02929-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This work evaluated the in vitro effect of thiazolidin-4-ones on the activity of AChE (total and isoforms) isolated from the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and lymphocytes. Kinetic parameters were evaluated and molecular docking was performed. Our results showed that thiazolidinones derived from 4-(methylthio)benzaldehyde (1) and from 4-(methylsulfonyl)benzaldehyde (2) were capable of inhibiting the AChE activity in vitro. Three compounds, two with a propylpiperidine (1b and 2b) moiety and one with a 3-(diethylamino)propyl (1c) moiety showed IC50 values of 13.81 μM, and 3.13 μM (1b), 55.36 μM and 44.33 μM (1c) for cerebral cortex and hippocampus, respectively, and 3.11 μM for both (2b). Enzyme kinetics revealed that the type of AChE inhibition was mixed. Compound 1b inhibited the G1 and G4 AChE isoforms, while compounds 1c and 2b selectively inhibited the G4 isoform. Molecular docking showed a possible three-dimensional fit into the enzyme. Our findings showed that these thiazolidin-4-ones, especially those containing the propylpiperidine core, have a potential cholinesterase inhibitory activity and can be considered good candidates for future Alzheimer's therapy.
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Bredikhin AA, Bredikhina ZA. Stereoselective Crystallization as a Basis for Single-Enantiomer Drug Production. Chem Eng Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201600649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Bredikhin
- Russian Academy of Sciences; Kazan Scientific Center; A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry; Arbuzov st., 8 420088 Kazan Russia
| | - Zemfira A. Bredikhina
- Russian Academy of Sciences; Kazan Scientific Center; A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry; Arbuzov st., 8 420088 Kazan Russia
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Abstract
The pharmaceutical industry is entering a renewed period of productivity as a result of advances in the understanding of human biology, particularly in the areas of genetics and immunology. The relationship between industry and academia needs to evolve to maximize the opportunity. In four areas—target identification, the molecule itself, experimental medicine, and larger-scale clinical testing—there are specific needs for academic partnerships that should be open and transparent and include talent, skills, and career development.
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Poirier L, Tobe SW. Contemporary Use of β-Blockers: Clinical Relevance of Subclassification. Can J Cardiol 2014; 30:S9-S15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Patel AC. Clinical relevance of target identity and biology: implications for drug discovery and development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 18:1164-85. [PMID: 24080260 DOI: 10.1177/1087057113505906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many of the most commonly used drugs precede techniques for target identification and drug specificity and were developed on the basis of efficacy and safety, an approach referred to as classical pharmacology and, more recently, phenotypic drug discovery. Although substantial gains have been made during the period of focus on target-based approaches, particularly in oncology, these approaches have suffered a high overall failure rate and lower productivity in terms of new drugs when compared with phenotypic approaches. This review considers the importance of target identity and biology in clinical practice from the prescriber's viewpoint. In evaluating influences on prescribing behavior, studies suggest that target identity and mechanism of action are not significant factors in drug choice. Rather, patients and providers consistently value efficacy, safety, and tolerability. Similarly, the Food and Drug Administration requires evidence of safety and efficacy for new drugs but does not require knowledge of drug target identity or target biology. Prescribers do favor drugs with novel mechanisms, but this preference is limited to diseases for which treatments are either not available or suboptimal. Thus, while understanding of drug target and target biology is important from a scientific perspective, it is not particularly important to prescribers, who prioritize efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand C Patel
- 1Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Winquist RJ, Mullane K, Williams M. The fall and rise of pharmacology--(re-)defining the discipline? Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 87:4-24. [PMID: 24070656 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacology is an integrative discipline that originated from activities, now nearly 7000 years old, to identify therapeutics from natural product sources. Research in the 19th Century that focused on the Law of Mass Action (LMA) demonstrated that compound effects were dose-/concentration-dependent eventually leading to the receptor concept, now a century old, that remains the key to understanding disease causality and drug action. As pharmacology evolved in the 20th Century through successive biochemical, molecular and genomic eras, the precision in understanding receptor function at the molecular level increased and while providing important insights, led to an overtly reductionistic emphasis. This resulted in the generation of data lacking physiological context that ignored the LMA and was not integrated at the tissue/whole organism level. As reductionism became a primary focus in biomedical research, it led to the fall of pharmacology. However, concerns regarding the disconnect between basic research efforts and the approval of new drugs to treat 21st Century disease tsunamis, e.g., neurodegeneration, metabolic syndrome, etc. has led to the reemergence of pharmacology, its rise, often in the semantic guise of systems biology. Against a background of limited training in pharmacology, this has resulted in issues in experimental replication with a bioinformatics emphasis that often has a limited relationship to reality. The integration of newer technologies within a pharmacological context where research is driven by testable hypotheses rather than technology, together with renewed efforts in teaching pharmacology, is anticipated to improve the focus and relevance of biomedical research and lead to novel therapeutics that will contain health care costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond J Winquist
- Department of Pharmacology, Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Kevin Mullane
- Profectus Pharma Consulting Inc., San Jose, CA, United States
| | - Michael Williams
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
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Computation as the mechanistic bridge between precision medicine and systems therapeutics. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2012; 93:117-28. [PMID: 23212109 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2012.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 50 years, like molecular cell biology, medicine and pharmacology have been driven by a reductionist approach. The focus on individual genes and cellular components as disease loci and drug targets has been a necessary step in understanding the basic mechanisms underlying tissue/organ physiology and drug action. Recent progress in genomics and proteomics, as well as advances in other technologies that enable large-scale data gathering and computational approaches, is providing new knowledge of both normal and disease states. Systems-biology approaches enable integration of knowledge from different types of data for precision medicine and systems therapeutics. In this review, we describe recent studies that contribute to these emerging fields and discuss how together these fields can lead to a mechanism-based therapy for individual patients.
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Mullane K, Williams M. Translational semantics and infrastructure: another search for the emperor's new clothes? Drug Discov Today 2012; 17:459-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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