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Huang L, Chen G, Zhang G, Fang Y, Zhu W, Xin Y. Construction of a highly efficient adsorbent for one-step purification of recombinant proteins: Functionalized cellulose-based monolith fabricated via phase separation method. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 335:122046. [PMID: 38616085 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Currently, purification step in the recombinant protein manufacture is still a great challenge and its cost far outweighs those of the upstream process. In this study, a functionalized cellulose-based monolith was constructed as an efficient affinity adsorbent for one-step purification of recombinant proteins. Firstly, the fundamental cellulose monolith (CE monolith) was fabricated based on thermally induced phase separation, followed by being modified with nitrilotriacetic acid anhydride through esterification to give NCE monolith. After chelating with Ni2+, the affinity adsorbent NCE-Ni2+ monolith was obtained, which was demonstrated to possess a hierarchically porous morphology with a relatively high surface area, porosity and compressive strength. The adsorption behavior of NCE-Ni2+ monolith towards β2-microglobulin with 6 N-terminus His-tag (His-β2M) was evaluated through batch and fixed-bed column experiments. The results revealed that NCE-Ni2+ monolith exhibited a relatively fast His-β2M adsorption rate with a maximum adsorption capacity of 329.2 mg/g. The fixed-bed column adsorption implied that NCE-Ni2+ monolith showed high efficiency for His-β2M adsorption. Finally, NCE-Ni2+ monolith was demonstrated to have an excellent His-β2M purification ability from E. coli lysate with exceptional reusability. Therefore, the resultant NCE-Ni2+ monolith had large potential to be used as an efficient adsorbent for recombinant protein purification in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Guronghua Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Guozhi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yue Fang
- Department of Geriatrics, Jiangsu University Affiliated People's Hospital, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wenjie Zhu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanrong Xin
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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2
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Young DJ, Edwards AJ, Quiroz Caceda KG, Liberzon E, Barrientos J, Hong S, Turner J, Choyke PL, Arlauckas S, Lazorchak AS, Morgan RA, Sato N, Dunbar CE. In vivo tracking of ex vivo generated 89 Zr-oxine labeled plasma cells by PET in a non-human primate model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.24.595782. [PMID: 38903108 PMCID: PMC11188104 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.24.595782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
B cells are an attractive platform for engineering to produce protein-based biologics absent in genetic disorders, and potentially for the treatment of metabolic diseases and cancer. As part of pre-clinical development of B cell medicines, we demonstrate a method to collect, ex vivo expand, differentiate, radioactively label, and track adoptively transferred non-human primate (NHP) B cells. These cells underwent 10- to 15-fold expansion, initiated IgG class switching, and differentiated into antibody secreting cells. Zirconium-89-oxine labeled cells were infused into autologous donors without any preconditioning and tracked by PET/CT imaging. Within 24 hours of infusion, 20% of the initial dose homed to the bone marrow and spleen and distributed stably and equally between the two. Interestingly, approximately half of the dose homed to the liver. Image analysis of the bone marrow demonstrated inhomogeneous distribution of the cells. The subjects experienced no clinically significant side effects or laboratory abnormalities. A second infusion of B cells into one of the subjects resulted in an almost identical distribution of cells, suggesting a non-limiting engraftment niche and feasibility of repeated infusions. This work supports the NHP as a valuable model to assess the potential of B cell medicines as potential treatment for human diseases.
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3
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Guan X, Pei Y, Song J. DNA-Based Nonviral Gene Therapy─Challenging but Promising. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:427-453. [PMID: 38198640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decades, significant progress has been made in utilizing nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA molecules, for therapeutic purposes. For DNA molecules, although various DNA delivery systems have been established, viral vector systems are the go-to choice for large-scale commercial applications. However, viral systems have certain disadvantages such as immune response, limited payload capacity, insertional mutagenesis and pre-existing immunity. In contrast, nonviral systems are less immunogenic, not size limited, safer, and easier for manufacturing compared with viral systems. What's more, nonviral DNA vectors have demonstrated their capacity to mediate specific protein expression in vivo for diverse therapeutic objectives containing a wide range of diseases such as cancer, rare diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and infectious diseases, yielding promising therapeutic outcomes. However, exogenous plasmid DNA is prone to degrade and has poor immunogenicity in vivo. Thus, various strategies have been developed: (i) designing novel plasmids with special structures, (ii) optimizing plasmid sequences for higher expression, and (iii) developing more efficient nonviral DNA delivery systems. Based on these strategies, many interesting clinical results have been reported. This Review discusses the development of DNA-based nonviral gene therapy, including novel plasmids, nonviral delivery systems, clinical advances, and prospects. These developments hold great potential for enhancing the efficacy and safety of nonviral gene therapy and expanding its applications in the treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocai Guan
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yufeng Pei
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Jie Song
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
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4
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Kai M, Wang S, Gao W, Zhang L. Designs of metal-organic framework nanoparticles for protein delivery. J Control Release 2023; 361:178-190. [PMID: 37532146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been high interest in developing metal-organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles (NPs) for delivering therapeutic proteins, propelled mainly by the unique hierarchical porous structures of MOFs for protein encapsulation. Novel design strategies have emerged for broad therapeutic applications and clinical translations, leading to multifunctional MOF-NPs with improved biointerfacing capabilities and higher potency. This review summarizes recent MOF-NP designs specifically for protein delivery. The summary focuses on four design categories, including environment-responsive MOF-NPs for on-demand protein delivery, cell membrane-coated MOF-NPs for biomimetic protein delivery, cascade reaction-incorporated MOF-NPs for combinatorial protein delivery, and composite MOF-NPs for intelligent protein delivery. The major challenges and opportunities in using MOF-NPs for protein delivery are also discussed. Overall, this review will promote designs of MOF-NPs with unique properties to address unmet medical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Kai
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shuyan Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Weiwei Gao
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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5
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Altuntaş E, Özkan B, Güngör S, Özsoy Y. Biopolymer-Based Nanogel Approach in Drug Delivery: Basic Concept and Current Developments. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1644. [PMID: 37376092 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their increased surface area, extent of swelling and active substance-loading capacity and flexibility, nanogels made from natural and synthetic polymers have gained significant interest in scientific and industrial areas. In particular, the customized design and implementation of nontoxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable micro/nano carriers makes their usage very feasible for a range of biomedical applications, including drug delivery, tissue engineering, and bioimaging. The design and application methodologies of nanogels are outlined in this review. Additionally, the most recent advancements in nanogel biomedical applications are discussed, with particular emphasis on applications for the delivery of drugs and biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Altuntaş
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Istanbul University, 34116 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Burcu Özkan
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Yildiz Technical University, 34220 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Sevgi Güngör
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Istanbul University, 34116 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Yıldız Özsoy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Istanbul University, 34116 Istanbul, Türkiye
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6
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Wang M, Wang C, Xie X, Pan D, Liu L, Chen Q, Li Z, Zhang Q, Xu Z. Non-classical C-saccharide linkage of dehydroalanine: synthesis of C-glycoamino acids and C-glycopeptides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3305-3308. [PMID: 36847114 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06653j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a non-classical C-saccharide linkage is reported via a C5 radical of pentose or C6 radical of hexose addition to Michael acceptors. C(sp3)-S cleaved glycosyl thianthrenium salts are developed as the glycosyl radical agents. The reaction provides an efficient toolkit to synthesize β-glycosyl substituted unnatural amino acids as well as for the late-stage C-saccharide modification of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengran Wang
- Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou 730000, China. .,Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou 730000, China. .,Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiuling Xie
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Da Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Liangyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qiao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhixuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhaoqing Xu
- Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou 730000, China. .,Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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7
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Yoshimura T, Horiuchi K, Shimonishi N, Ogiwara K, Horie K, Shima M, Nogami K. Modified expi293 cell culture system using piggyBac transposon enables efficient production of human FVIII. Int J Hematol 2023; 117:56-67. [PMID: 36229740 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-022-03468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Human blood coagulation factor VIII (hFVIII) is used in hemostatic and prophylactic treatment of patients with hemophilia A. Biotechnological innovations have enabled purification of the culture medium of rodent or human cells harboring the hFVIII expression cassette. However, cell lines express hFVIII protein derived from an exogenous expression vector at a lower level than most other proteins. Here, we describe hFVIII production using piggyBac transposon and the human-derived expi293F cell line. Use of a drug selection protocol, rather than transient expression protocol, allowed cells harboring hFVIII expression cassettes to efficiently produce hFVIII. In heterogeneous drug-selected cells, the production level was maintained even after multiple passages. The specific activity of the produced hFVIII was comparable to that of the commercial product and hFVIII derived from baby hamster kidney cells. We also applied codon optimization to the hFVIII open reading frame sequences in the transgene, which increased production of full-length hFVIII, but decreased production of B-domain-deleted human FVIII (BDD-hFVIII). Low transcriptional abundance of the hF8 transgene was observed in cells harboring codon-optimized BDD-hFVIII expression cassettes, which might partially contribute to decreased hFVIII production. The mechanism underlying these distinct outcomes may offer clues to highly efficient hFVIII protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Yoshimura
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Kaoru Horiuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Naruto Shimonishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ogiwara
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Kyoji Horie
- Department of Physiology II, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Midori Shima
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan.,The Center of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Keiji Nogami
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan.
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8
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Wang C, Qi R, Xu Z. Glycosyl Radical-Based Synthesis of C-Glycoamino Acids and C-Glycopeptides. Chemistry 2022; 29:e202203689. [PMID: 36586132 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Radical-based reactions usually exhibit excellent functional-group compatibilities due to their mild initiation conditions. Glycosyl radical involved C-glycosylation modifications are important strategies to achieve highly regio- and chemoselective constructions of C-glycosidic bonds or C-glycoside linkages of peptides and proteins. In this Concept, we cover recent developments in glycosyl radical-based synthesis of unnatural amino acids and late-stage modification of peptides and proteins, and provide a preliminary outlook on the possible development of this direction in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P.R. China.,Research Unit of Peptide Science, 2019RU066, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P.R. China
| | - Rupeng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P.R. China.,Research Unit of Peptide Science, 2019RU066, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P.R. China
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9
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Xu Y, Zhu H, Li W, Chen D, Xu Y, Xu A, Ye D. Targeting adipokines in polycystic ovary syndrome and related metabolic disorders: from experimental insights to clinical studies. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 240:108284. [PMID: 36162728 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects approximately 15% of women of reproductive age worldwide. It is the most prevalent endocrine disorder with marked risks for female infertility, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), psychiatric disorders and gynecological cancers. Although the pathophysiology of PCOS remains largely elusive, growing evidence suggests a close link with obesity and its related metabolic disorders. As a highly active endocrine cell population, hypertrophic adipocytes in obesity have disturbed production of a vast array of adipokines, biologically active peptides that exert pleiotropic effects on homeostatic regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. In parallel with their crucial roles in the pathophysiology of obesity-induced metabolic diseases, adipokines have recently been identified as promising targets for novel therapeutic strategies for multiple diseases. Current treatments for PCOS are suboptimal with insufficient alleviation of all symptoms. Novel findings in adipokine-targeted agents may provide important insight into the development of new drugs for PCOS. This Review presents an overview of the current understanding of mechanisms that link PCOS to obesity and highlights emerging evidence of adipose-ovary crosstalk as a pivotal mediator of PCOS pathogenesis. We summarize recent findings of preclinical and clinical studies that reveal the therapeutic potential of adipokine-targeted novel approaches to PCOS and its related metabolic disorders. We also discuss the critical gaps in knowledge that need to be addressed to guide the development of adipokine-based novel therapies for PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolic Phenotyping in Model Animals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiqiu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolic Phenotyping in Model Animals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolic Phenotyping in Model Animals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danxia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolic Phenotyping in Model Animals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Dewei Ye
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolic Phenotyping in Model Animals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
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10
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Instability Challenges and Stabilization Strategies of Pharmaceutical Proteins. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112533. [PMID: 36432723 PMCID: PMC9699111 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining the structure of protein and peptide drugs has become one of the most important goals of scientists in recent decades. Cold and thermal denaturation conditions, lyophilization and freeze drying, different pH conditions, concentrations, ionic strength, environmental agitation, the interaction between the surface of liquid and air as well as liquid and solid, and even the architectural structure of storage containers are among the factors that affect the stability of these therapeutic biomacromolecules. The use of genetic engineering, side-directed mutagenesis, fusion strategies, solvent engineering, the addition of various preservatives, surfactants, and additives are some of the solutions to overcome these problems. This article will discuss the types of stress that lead to instabilities of different proteins used in pharmaceutics including regulatory proteins, antibodies, and antibody-drug conjugates, and then all the methods for fighting these stresses will be reviewed. New and existing analytical methods that are used to detect the instabilities, mainly changes in their primary and higher order structures, are briefly summarized.
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11
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Liu Y, Bai X, Lyu C, Fang J, Zhang F, Wu WH, Wei W, Zhang WB. Mechano-bioconjugation Strategy Empowering Fusion Protein Therapeutics with Aggregation Resistance, Prolonged Circulation, and Enhanced Antitumor Efficacy. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18387-18396. [PMID: 36178288 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bioconjugation is a powerful protein modification strategy to improve protein properties. Herein, we report mechano-bioconjugation as a novel approach to empower fusion protein therapeutics and demonstrate its utility by a protein heterocatenane (cat-IFN-ABD) containing interferon-α2b (IFN) mechanically interlocked with a consensus albumin-binding domain (ABD). The conjugate was selectively synthesized in cellulo following a cascade of post-translational events using a pair of heterodimerizing p53dim variants and two orthogonal split-intein reactions. The catenane topology was proven by combined techniques of LC-MS, SDS-PAGE, SEC, and controlled proteolytic digestion. Not only did cat-IFN-ABD retain activities comparable to those of the wild-type IFN and ABD, the conjugate also exhibited enhanced aggregation resistance and prolonged circulation time over the simple linear and cyclic fusions. Consequently, cat-IFN-ABD potently inhibited tumor growth in the mouse xenograft model. Therefore, mechano-bioconjugation by catenation accomplishes function integration with additional benefits, providing an alternative pathway for developing advanced protein therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Xilin Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Chengliang Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Jing Fang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Hao Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Bin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
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12
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Berti C, Boarino A, Graciotti M, Bader LPE, Kandalaft LE, Klok HA. Reduction-Sensitive Protein Nanogels Enhance Uptake of Model and Tumor Lysate Antigens In Vitro by Mouse- and Human-Derived Dendritic Cells. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:8291-8300. [PMID: 35005925 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Peptides and proteins represent an emerging class of powerful therapeutics. Peptide and protein nanogels are attractive carriers for the transport and delivery of biologically active peptides and proteins because they allow essentially quantitative encapsulation of these biologics. One interesting field of use of peptide and protein nanogels is the transport of antigens and adjuvants in cancer immunotherapy. This study demonstrates the use of reduction-sensitive protein nanogels for the delivery of ovalbumin and oxidized tumor lysate-based antigens to mouse and human-donor-derived dendritic cells. Challenging mouse-derived and human dendritic cells with reduction-sensitive ovalbumin nanogels was found to significantly enhance antigen uptake as compared to the use of the corresponding free protein antigen. The experiments with mouse-derived dendritic cells further showed that the administration of ovalbumin in the form of reduction-sensitive nanogels enhanced dendritic cell maturation as well as the presentation of the SIINFEKL epitope as compared to experiments that use free ovalbumin. In addition to ovalbumin as a model antigen, the feasibility of reduction-sensitive nanogels was also demonstrated for the delivery of oxidized, whole tumor lysate-based cancer antigens. In experiments with dendritic cells harvested from human donors, dendritic cell uptake of the oxidized tumor lysate antigen was significantly enhanced in experiments that used oxidized tumor lysate nanogels as compared to the free antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Berti
- Laboratoire des Polymères, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alice Boarino
- Laboratoire des Polymères, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michele Graciotti
- Ludwig Cancer Research Center─Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lisa P E Bader
- Laboratoire des Polymères, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lana E Kandalaft
- Ludwig Cancer Research Center─Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- Laboratoire des Polymères, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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13
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Letunica N, Van Den Helm S, McCafferty C, Swaney E, Cai T, Attard C, Karlaftis V, Monagle P, Ignjatovic V. Proteomics in Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Thromb Haemost 2021; 122:1076-1084. [PMID: 34753192 DOI: 10.1055/a-1690-8897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
No Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Letunica
- Haematology, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | | | - Conor McCafferty
- Haematology, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ella Swaney
- Haematology, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tengyi Cai
- Haematology, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chantal Attard
- Haematology, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vasiliki Karlaftis
- Haematology, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul Monagle
- Haematology, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Clinical Haematology, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick, Randwick, Australia
| | - Vera Ignjatovic
- Haematology, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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14
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Komar AA. A Code Within a Code: How Codons Fine-Tune Protein Folding in the Cell. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 86:976-991. [PMID: 34488574 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921080083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The genetic code sets the correspondence between the sequence of a given nucleotide triplet in an mRNA molecule, called a codon, and the amino acid that is added to the growing polypeptide chain during protein synthesis. With four bases (A, G, U, and C), there are 64 possible triplet codons: 61 sense codons (encoding amino acids) and 3 nonsense codons (so-called, stop codons that define termination of translation). In most organisms, there are 20 common/standard amino acids used in protein synthesis; thus, the genetic code is redundant with most amino acids (with the exception of Met and Trp) are being encoded by more than one (synonymous) codon. Synonymous codons were initially presumed to have entirely equivalent functions, however, the finding that synonymous codons are not present at equal frequencies in mRNA suggested that the specific codon choice might have functional implications beyond coding for amino acid. Observation of nonequivalent use of codons in mRNAs implied a possibility of the existence of auxiliary information in the genetic code. Indeed, it has been found that genetic code contains several layers of such additional information and that synonymous codons are strategically placed within mRNAs to ensure a particular translation kinetics facilitating and fine-tuning co-translational protein folding in the cell via step-wise/sequential structuring of distinct regions of the polypeptide chain emerging from the ribosome at different points in time. This review summarizes key findings in the field that have identified the role of synonymous codons and their usage in protein folding in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton A Komar
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease and Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,DAPCEL, Inc., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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15
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BAX 335 hemophilia B gene therapy clinical trial results: potential impact of CpG sequences on gene expression. Blood 2021; 137:763-774. [PMID: 33067633 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019004625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy has the potential to maintain therapeutic blood clotting factor IX (FIX) levels in patients with hemophilia B by delivering a functional human F9 gene into liver cells. This phase 1/2, open-label dose-escalation study investigated BAX 335 (AskBio009, AAV8.sc-TTR-FIXR338Lopt), an adeno-associated virus serotype 8 (AAV8)-based FIX Padua gene therapy, in patients with hemophilia B. This report focuses on 12-month interim analyses of safety, pharmacokinetic variables, effects on FIX activity, and immune responses for dosed participants. Eight adult male participants (aged 20-69 years; range FIX activity, 0.5% to 2.0%) received 1 of 3 BAX 335 IV doses: 2.0 × 1011; 1.0 × 1012; or 3.0 × 1012 vector genomes/kg. Three (37.5%) participants had 4 serious adverse events, all considered unrelated to BAX 335. No serious adverse event led to death. No clinical thrombosis, inhibitors, or other FIX Padua-directed immunity was reported. FIX expression was measurable in 7 of 8 participants; peak FIX activity displayed dose dependence (32.0% to 58.5% in cohort 3). One participant achieved sustained therapeutic FIX activity of ∼20%, without bleeding or replacement therapy, for 4 years; in others, FIX activity was not sustained beyond 5 to 11 weeks. In contrast to some previous studies, corticosteroid treatment did not stabilize FIX activity loss. We hypothesize that the loss of transgene expression could have been caused by stimulation of innate immune responses, including CpG oligodeoxynucleotides introduced into the BAX 335 coding sequence by codon optimization. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01687608.
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16
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Emerging Immunogenicity and Genotoxicity Considerations of Adeno-Associated Virus Vector Gene Therapy for Hemophilia. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112471. [PMID: 34199563 PMCID: PMC8199697 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector gene therapy has shown promise as a possible cure for hemophilia. However, immune responses directed against AAV vectors remain a hurdle to the broader use of this gene transfer platform. Both innate and adaptive immune responses can affect the safety and efficacy of AAV vector-mediated gene transfer in humans. These immune responses may be triggered by the viral capsid, the vector's nucleic acid payload, or other vector contaminants or excipients, or by the transgene product encoded by the vector itself. Various preclinical and clinical strategies have been explored to overcome the issues of AAV vector immunogenicity and transgene-related immune responses. Although results of these strategies are encouraging, more efficient approaches are needed to deliver safe, predictable, and durable outcomes for people with hemophilia. In addition to durability, long-term follow-up of gene therapy trial participants will allow us to address potential safety concerns related to vector integration. Herein, we describe the challenges with current methodologies to deliver optimal outcomes for people with hemophilia who choose to undergo AAV vector gene therapy and the potential opportunities to improve on the results.
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17
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Pharmacokinetics Versus In Vitro Antiproliferative Potency to Design a Novel Hyperglycosylated hIFN-α2 Biobetter. Pharm Res 2021; 38:37-50. [PMID: 33443683 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02978-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE IFN4N is a glycoengineered version of recombinant human interferon alpha 2 (rhIFN-α2) that was modified to exhibit four N-glycosylation sites. It shows reduced in vitro specific biological activity (SBA) mainly due to R23 mutation by N23. However, it has improved pharmacokinetics and led to a high in vivo antitumor activity in mice. In order to prepare a new IFN-based biobetter, this work compares the influence of glycosylation (affecting pharmacokinetics) with the in vitro antiproliferative SBA on the in vivo efficacy. METHODS Based on IFN4N, three groups of muteins were designed, produced, and characterized. Group A: variants with the same glycosylation degree (4N) but higher in vitro antiproliferative SBA (R23 restored); group B: muteins with higher glycosylation degree (5N) but similar in vitro antiproliferative activity; and group C: variants with improved glycosylation (5N and 6N) and in vitro antiproliferative bioactivity. RESULTS Glycoengineering was successful for improving pharmacokinetics, and R23 restoration considerably increased in vitro antiproliferative activity of new muteins compared to IFN4N. Hyperglycosylation was able to improve the in vivo efficacy similarly to or even better than R23 restoration. Additionally, the highest glycosylated mutein exhibited the lowest immunogenicity. CONCLUSIONS Hyperglycosylation constitutes a successful strategy to prepare a novel IFN biobetter.
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18
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Mitigation of T-cell dependent immunogenicity by reengineering factor VIIa analogue. Blood Adv 2020; 3:2668-2678. [PMID: 31506285 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vatreptacog alfa (VA), a recombinant activated human factor VII (rFVIIa) variant with 3 amino acid substitutions, was developed to provide increased procoagulant activity in hemophilia patients with inhibitors to factor VIII or factor IX. In phase 3 clinical trials, changes introduced during the bioengineering of VA resulted in the development of undesired anti-drug antibodies in some patients, leading to the termination of a potentially promising therapeutic protein product. Here, we use preclinical biomarkers associated with clinical immunogenicity to validate our deimmunization strategy applied to this bioengineered rFVIIa analog. The reengineered rFVIIa analog variants retained increased intrinsic thrombin generation activity but did not elicit T-cell responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from 50 HLA typed subjects representing the human population. Our algorithm, rational immunogenicity determination, offers a broadly applicable deimmunizing strategy for bioengineered proteins.
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19
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Mesoscale computational protocols for the design of highly cooperative bivalent macromolecules. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7992. [PMID: 32409687 PMCID: PMC7224399 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64646-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed a swiftly increasing interest in the design and production of novel multivalent molecules as powerful alternatives for conventional antibodies in the fight against cancer and infectious diseases. However, while it is widely accepted that large-scale flexibility (10–100 nm) and free/constrained dynamics (100 ns -μs) control the activity of such novel molecules, computational strategies at the mesoscale still lag behind experiments in optimizing the design of crucial features, such as the binding cooperativity (a.k.a. avidity). In this study, we introduced different coarse-grained models of a polymer-linked, two-nanobody composite molecule, with the aim of laying down the physical bases of a thorough computational drug design protocol at the mesoscale. We show that the calculation of suitable potentials of mean force allows one to apprehend the nature, range and strength of the thermodynamic forces that govern the motion of free and wall-tethered molecules. Furthermore, we develop a simple computational strategy to quantify the encounter/dissociation dynamics between the free end of a wall-tethered molecule and the surface, at the roots of binding cooperativity. This procedure allows one to pinpoint the role of internal flexibility and weak non-specific interactions on the kinetic constants of the nanobody-wall encounter and dissociation. Finally, we quantify the role and weight of rare events, which are expected to play a major role in real-life situations, such as in the immune synapse, where the binding kinetics is likely dominated by fluctuations.
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20
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Chen YM, Qi S, Perrino S, Hashimoto M, Brodt P. Targeting the IGF-Axis for Cancer Therapy: Development and Validation of an IGF-Trap as a Potential Drug. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051098. [PMID: 32365498 PMCID: PMC7290707 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-axis was implicated in cancer progression and identified as a clinically important therapeutic target. Several IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) targeting drugs including humanized monoclonal antibodies have advanced to phase II/III clinical trials, but to date, have not progressed to clinical use, due, at least in part, to interference with insulin receptor signaling and compensatory signaling by the insulin receptor (IR) isoform A that can bind IGF-II and initiate mitogenic signaling. Here we briefly review the current state of IGF-targeting biologicals, discuss some factors that may be responsible for their poor performance in the clinic and outline the stepwise bioengineering and validation of an IGF-Trap—a novel anti-cancer therapeutic that could bypass these limitations. The IGF-Trap is a heterotetramer, consisting of the entire extracellular domain of the IGF-IR fused to the Fc portion of human IgG1. It binds human IGF-I and IGF-II with a three-log higher affinity than insulin and could inhibit IGF-IR driven cellular functions such as survival, proliferation and invasion in multiple carcinoma cell models in vitro. In vivo, the IGF-Trap has favorable pharmacokinetic properties and could markedly reduce metastatic outgrowth of colon and lung carcinoma cells in the liver, outperforming IGF-IR and ligand-binding monoclonal antibodies. Moreover, IGF-Trap dose-response profiles correlate with their bio-availability profiles, as measured by the IGF kinase receptor-activation (KIRA) assay, providing a novel, surrogate biomarker for drug efficacy. Our studies identify the IGF-Trap as a potent, safe, anti-cancer therapeutic that could overcome some of the obstacles encountered by IGF-targeting biologicals that have already been evaluated in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhsuan Michely Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Shu Qi
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Stephanie Perrino
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Masakazu Hashimoto
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Pnina Brodt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-514-934-1934
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21
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Theodorou A, Liarou E, Haddleton DM, Stavrakaki IG, Skordalidis P, Whitfield R, Anastasaki A, Velonia K. Protein-polymer bioconjugates via a versatile oxygen tolerant photoinduced controlled radical polymerization approach. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1486. [PMID: 32198365 PMCID: PMC7083936 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15259-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The immense application potential of amphiphilic protein-polymer conjugates remains largely unexplored, as established "grafting from" synthetic protocols involve time-consuming, harsh and disruptive deoxygenation methods, while "grafting to" approaches result in low yields. Here we report an oxygen tolerant, photoinduced CRP approach which readily affords quantitative yields of protein-polymer conjugates within 2 h, avoiding damage to the secondary structure of the protein and providing easily accessible means to produce biomacromolecular assemblies. Importantly, our methodology is compatible with multiple proteins (e.g. BSA, HSA, GOx, beta-galactosidase) and monomer classes including acrylates, methacrylates, styrenics and acrylamides. The polymerizations are conveniently conducted in plastic syringes and in the absence of any additives or external deoxygenation procedures using low-organic content media and ppm levels of copper. The robustness of the protocol is further exemplified by its implementation under UV, blue light or even sunlight irradiation as well as in buffer, nanopure, tap or even sea water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Theodorou
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013, Greece
| | - Evelina Liarou
- Chemistry Department, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - Iren Georgia Stavrakaki
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Skordalidis
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013, Greece
| | | | | | - Kelly Velonia
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013, Greece.
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22
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Tan H, Su W, Zhang W, Wang P, Sattler M, Zou P. Recent Advances in Half-life Extension Strategies for Therapeutic Peptides and Proteins. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:4932-4946. [PMID: 30727869 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190206105232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peptides and proteins are two classes of molecules with attractive possibilities for therapeutic applications. However, the bottleneck for the therapeutic application of many peptides and proteins is their short halflives in vivo, typically just a few minutes to hours. Half-life extension strategies have been extensively studied and many of them have been proven to be effective in the generation of long-acting therapeutics with improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in half-life extension strategies, illustrate their potential applications and give some examples, highlighting the strategies that have been used in approved drugs and for drugs in clinical trials. Meanwhile, several novel strategies that are still in the process of discovery or at a preclinical stage are also introduced. In these strategies, the two most frequently used half-life extension methods are the reduction in the rate of renal clearance or the exploitation of the recycling mechanism of FcRn by binding to the albumin or IgG-Fc. Here, we discuss half-life extension strategies of recombinant therapeutic protein via genetic fusion, rather than chemical conjugation such as PEGylation. With the rapid development of genetic engineering and protein engineering, novel strategies for half-life extension have been emerged consistently. Some of these will be evaluated in clinical trials and may become viable alternatives to current strategies for making next-generation biodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanbo Tan
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Wencheng Su
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyu Zhang
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Pengju Wang
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Michael Sattler
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at Chair Biomolecular NMR Spectroscopy, Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Peijian Zou
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at Chair Biomolecular NMR Spectroscopy, Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
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23
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Approaches to improve drug tolerance and target tolerance in the assessment of neutralizing anti-drug antibodies. Bioanalysis 2019; 11:2061-2074. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2019-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Neutralizing anti-drug antibody (NAb) assays are inherently prone to the interference from drug and its soluble target, potentially resulting in erroneous results. An effective approach to improve drug tolerance of an NAb assay is pretreatment of samples with acid to dissociate immune complexes of NAb and drug, followed by separating NAbs from circulating drug before testing them in the assay. Methods and Results: The acid pretreatment conditions were optimized to improve drug tolerance of cell-based and non-cell-based NAb assays. NAbs were further separated from circulating drug either through direct drug removal or purification of NAb from the sample. In addition, an integrated experimental strategy was implemented to simultaneously improve drug and its soluble target tolerance for reliable NAb assessment. Conclusion: The approaches described herein would enable the development of reliable NAb assays that overcome drug and its target interference for more precise and sensitive NAb assessment.
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24
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Gugliotta A, Ceaglio N, Kratje R, Oggero M. Effect of ANITVNITV peptide fusion on the bioactivity and pharmacokinetics of human IFN-α2b and a hyper-N-glycosylated variant. J Biotechnol 2019; 303:46-52. [PMID: 31336133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Different strategies have been developed and successfully applied to biotherapeutics in order to improve their in vivo efficacy. The genetic fusion to natural or synthetic glycosylated peptides constitutes a promising strategy since it conserves the protein sequence and results in the improvement of the pharmacokinetic properties. The ANITVNITV peptide described by Perlmann and coworkers presents 9 amino acids and 2 potential N-glycosylation sites. Its fusion to FSH resulted in the increase of the molecular mass and negative charge of the protein. Consequently, the pharmacokinetics was considerably improved. The aim of the present study was to compare the influence of ANITVNITV peptide fusion on the physicochemical, biological and pharmacokinetic properties of native hIFN-α2b (IFNwt), which contains a single O-glycosylation site, and a hyperglycosylated variant (IFN4N), that bears, in addition, 4 N-linked glycans. The resulting molecules, IFNwtNter and IFN4NNter, evidenced a higher molecular mass and negative charge compared to IFNwt and IFN4N, respectively. Therefore, the pharmacokinetic properties of the new molecules were significantly improved. The molecules obtained by the synthetic peptide fusion strategy evidenced a decrease in their in vitro antiviral specific biological activities (SBA). However, in vitro antiproliferative SBA was differentially modified for IFNwtNter and IFN4NNter in comparison with the parental molecules. For IFNwtNter, a reduction in the antiproliferative SBA was also observed. Remarkably, the addition of the ANITVNITV peptide to the N-terminus of IFN4N had a positive impact on its growth-inhibitory activity. This feature together with its improved pharmacokinetics encourages the development of IFN4NNter as an IFN-α based biobetter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Gugliotta
- UNL, CONICET, FBCB (School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences), CBL (Biotechnological Center of Litoral), Ciudad Universitaria, Ruta Nacional 168 - Km 472.4 - C.C. 242 - (S3000ZAA) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Natalia Ceaglio
- UNL, CONICET, FBCB (School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences), CBL (Biotechnological Center of Litoral), Ciudad Universitaria, Ruta Nacional 168 - Km 472.4 - C.C. 242 - (S3000ZAA) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Kratje
- UNL, CONICET, FBCB (School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences), CBL (Biotechnological Center of Litoral), Ciudad Universitaria, Ruta Nacional 168 - Km 472.4 - C.C. 242 - (S3000ZAA) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Marcos Oggero
- UNL, CONICET, FBCB (School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences), CBL (Biotechnological Center of Litoral), Ciudad Universitaria, Ruta Nacional 168 - Km 472.4 - C.C. 242 - (S3000ZAA) Santa Fe, Argentina.
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25
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Parhiz H, Ketcham SA, Zou G, Ghosh B, Fratz-Berilla EJ, Ashraf M, Ju T, Madhavarao CN. Differential effects of bioreactor process variables and purification on the human recombinant lysosomal enzyme β-glucuronidase produced from Chinese hamster ovary cells. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:6081-6095. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09889-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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26
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Sun C, He D, Ma C, Gao Z, Chen Y, Wang S. Bifunctional Fusion Proteins Derived from Tumstatin and 4-1BBL for Targeted Cancer Therapy. Mol Pharm 2018; 16:867-876. [PMID: 30565463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b01190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic utilities of antiangiogenesis and immunotherapy have been proven in clinics, and cancer patients have benefited from respective therapy. Given that the combination of both therapeutic strategies may further improve the effectiveness, a recombinant human 4-1BBL/tumstatin fusion protein (rh4TFP) library was constructed in the present study to target both angiogenesis and T lymphocyte activation, in which the fragments of an endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor tumstatin and a T lymphocyte costimulatory 4-1BBL are coupled with different linkers. After comparison of different combinations, rh4TFP-2 was found to show a promise on potential antiangiogenic immunotherapy. On one hand, rh4TFP-2 inhibited proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, exhibiting the antiangiogenic activity similar to tumstatin. On the other hand, rh4TFP-2 led to significant increase of T lymphocyte activation for the release of IL-2 and IFN-γ, showing the T lymphocyte activation by 4-1BBL. Moreover, administration of rh4TFP-2 suppressed tumor growth and prolonged survival in a B16F10 melanoma-bearing mouse model. Taken together, the present study provides a new approach of using bifunctional fusion proteins to target both angiogenesis and T lymphocyte activation for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Laboratory of Chemical Biology , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Dongyang He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Laboratory of Chemical Biology , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Chao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Laboratory of Chemical Biology , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Zhenyue Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Laboratory of Chemical Biology , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Yijun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Laboratory of Chemical Biology , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Shuzhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Laboratory of Chemical Biology , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
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Abstract
Hemophilia is a congenital bleeding disorder that affects nearly half a million individuals worldwide. Joint bleeding and other co-morbidities are a significant source of debilitation for this population. Current therapies are effective but must be given lifelong at regular intervals, are costly, and are available to only about 25% of the hemophilia population living in resource-rich countries. Gene therapy for hemophilia has been in development for three decades and is now entering pivotal-stage clinical trials. While many different technology platforms exist for gene therapy, all current clinical trials for hemophilia employ adeno-associated vector (AAV)-based cell transduction. This small viral particle is capable of packaging modified F8 or F9 transgenes, can be generated robustly from cell lines, and transduces several relatively end-differentiated target tissues such as the liver with high efficiency. While pre-existing neutralizing antibodies to the AAV capsid are recognized to limit current therapy, other challenges have been identified in human studies that were not seen in preclinical studies. Both liver transaminase elevations and immune-mediated loss of transgene expression have been observed in clinical trials. Toll-like receptors, cytotoxic T cells, and other components of the immune response have been implicated in the loss of factor expression, but a full understanding of the immune response awaits clarification. Despite these challenges, many patients enrolled in gene therapy trials have attained long-term expression of factors VIII and IX. This emerging technology now represents a cure for the severe bleeding and joint damage associated with hemophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Chapin
- Shire, 650 Kendall Drive, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
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Mauro VP. Codon Optimization in the Production of Recombinant Biotherapeutics: Potential Risks and Considerations. BioDrugs 2018; 32:69-81. [PMID: 29392566 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-018-0261-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Biotherapeutics are increasingly becoming the mainstay in the treatment of a variety of human conditions, particularly in oncology and hematology. The production of therapeutic antibodies, cytokines, and fusion proteins have markedly accelerated these fields over the past decade and are probably the major contributor to improved patient outcomes. Today, most protein therapeutics are expressed as recombinant proteins in mammalian cell lines. An expression technology commonly used to increase protein levels involves codon optimization. This approach is possible because degeneracy of the genetic code enables most amino acids to be encoded by more than one synonymous codon and because codon usage can have a pronounced influence on levels of protein expression. Indeed, codon optimization has been reported to increase protein expression by > 1000-fold. The primary tactic of codon optimization is to increase the rate of translation elongation by overcoming limitations associated with species-specific differences in codon usage and transfer RNA (tRNA) abundance. However, in mammalian cells, assumptions underlying codon optimization appear to be poorly supported or unfounded. Moreover, because not all synonymous codon mutations are neutral, codon optimization can lead to alterations in protein conformation and function. This review discusses codon optimization for therapeutic protein production in mammalian cells.
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Catalytic bioscavengers as countermeasures against organophosphate nerve agents. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 292:50-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Bartholdy C, Reedtz-Runge SL, Wang J, Hjerrild Zeuthen L, Gruhler A, Gudme CN, Lamberth K. In silico and in vitro immunogenicity assessment of B-domain-modified recombinant factor VIII molecules. Haemophilia 2018; 24:e354-e362. [DOI: 10.1111/hae.13555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J. Wang
- Novo Nordisk A/S; Copenhagen Denmark
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Zarai Y, Margaliot M, Sontag ED, Tuller T. Controllability Analysis and Control Synthesis for the Ribosome Flow Model. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2018; 15:1351-1364. [PMID: 28541906 PMCID: PMC5778923 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2017.2707420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The ribosomal density along different parts of the coding regions of the mRNA molecule affects various fundamental intracellular phenomena including: protein production rates, global ribosome allocation and organismal fitness, ribosomal drop off, co-translational protein folding, mRNA degradation, and more. Thus, regulating translation in order to obtain a desired ribosomal profile along the mRNA molecule is an important biological problem. We study this problem by using a dynamical model for mRNA translation, called the ribosome flow model (RFM). In the RFM, the mRNA molecule is modeled as an ordered chain of $n$ sites. The RFM includes $n$ state-variables describing the ribosomal density profile along the mRNA molecule, and the transition rates from each site to the next are controlled by $n+1$ positive constants. To study the problem of controlling the density profile, we consider some or all of the transition rates as time-varying controls. We consider the following problem: given an initial and a desired ribosomal density profile in the RFM, determine the time-varying values of the transition rates that steer the system to the desired density profile, if they exist. More specifically, we consider two control problems. In the first, all transition rates can be regulated separately, and the goal is to steer the ribosomal density profile and the protein production rate from a given initial value to a desired value. In the second problem, one or more transition rates are jointly regulated by a single scalar control, and the goal is to steer the production rate to a desired value within a certain set of feasible values. In the first case, we show that the system is controllable, i.e., the control is powerful enough to steer the system to any desired value in finite time, and provide simple closed-form expressions for constant positive control functions (or transition rates) that asymptotically steer the system to the desired value. In the second case, we show that the system is controllable, and provide a simple algorithm for determining the constant positive control value that asymptotically steers the system to the desired value. We discuss some of the biological implications of these results.
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Faraji F, Karjoo Z, Moghaddam MV, Heidari S, Emameh RZ, Falak R. Challenges related to the immunogenicity of parenteral recombinant proteins: Underlying mechanisms and new approaches to overcome it. Int Rev Immunol 2018; 37:301-315. [PMID: 29851534 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2018.1471139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Immune response elicited by therapeutic proteins is an important safety and efficacy issue for regulatory agencies, drug manufacturers, clinicians, and patients. Administration of therapeutic proteins can potentially induce the production of anti-drug antibodies or cell-mediated immune responses. At first, it was speculated that the immunogenicity is related to the non-human origin of these proteins. Later on, it was confirmed that the human proteins may also show immunogenicity. In this review article, we will focus on a number of factors, which play crucial roles in the human protein immunogenicity. These factors are related to the patient's status (or intrinsic properties) and molecular characteristics of the therapeutic protein's (or extrinsic properties). Furthermore, we will discuss available in silico, in vitro, and in vivo methods for the prediction of sequences, which may generate an immune response following parenteral administration of these proteins. In summary, nowadays, it is possible for drug manufacturers to evaluate the risk of immunogenicity of therapeutic proteins and implement a management plan to overcome the problems prior to proceeding to human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Faraji
- a Immunology Research Center , Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) , Tehran , Iran.,b Department of Immunology, School of Medicine , Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) , Tehran , Iran
| | - Zahra Karjoo
- a Immunology Research Center , Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) , Tehran , Iran
| | | | - Sahel Heidari
- a Immunology Research Center , Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) , Tehran , Iran.,b Department of Immunology, School of Medicine , Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) , Tehran , Iran
| | - Reza Zolfaghari Emameh
- c Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, Division of Industrial & Environmental Biotechnology , National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB) , Tehran , Iran
| | - Reza Falak
- a Immunology Research Center , Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) , Tehran , Iran.,b Department of Immunology, School of Medicine , Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) , Tehran , Iran
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Cho JH, Collins JJ, Wong WW. Universal Chimeric Antigen Receptors for Multiplexed and Logical Control of T Cell Responses. Cell 2018; 173:1426-1438.e11. [PMID: 29706540 PMCID: PMC5984158 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are promising cancer therapeutic agents, with the prospect of becoming the ultimate smart cancer therapeutics. To expand the capability of CAR T cells, here, we present a split, universal, and programmable (SUPRA) CAR system that simultaneously encompasses multiple critical "upgrades," such as the ability to switch targets without re-engineering the T cells, finely tune T cell activation strength, and sense and logically respond to multiple antigens. These features are useful to combat relapse, mitigate over-activation, and enhance specificity. We test our SUPRA system against two different tumor models to demonstrate its broad utility and humanize its components to minimize potential immunogenicity concerns. Furthermore, we extend the orthogonal SUPRA CAR system to regulate different T cell subsets independently, demonstrating a dually inducible CAR system. Together, these SUPRA CARs illustrate that multiple advanced logic and control features can be implemented into a single, integrated system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang Hwan Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - James J Collins
- Synthetic Biology Center, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wilson W Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Abstract
Over the last century, there has been a dramatic change in the nature of therapeutic, biologically active molecules available to treat disease. Therapies have evolved from extracted natural products towards rationally designed biomolecules, including small molecules, engineered proteins and nucleic acids. The use of potent drugs which target specific organs, cells or biochemical pathways, necessitates new tools which can enable controlled delivery and dosing of these therapeutics to their biological targets. Here, we review the miniaturisation of drug delivery systems from the macro to nano-scale, focussing on controlled dosing and controlled targeting as two key parameters in drug delivery device design. We describe how the miniaturisation of these devices enables the move from repeated, systemic dosing, to on-demand, targeted delivery of therapeutic drugs and highlight areas of focus for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derfogail Delcassian
- a David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA , USA.,b Department of Anaesthesiology , Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.,c Division of Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , UK
| | - Asha K Patel
- a David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA , USA.,d Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, and Division of Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , UK
| | - Abel B Cortinas
- a David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA , USA.,e Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA , USA
| | - Robert Langer
- a David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA , USA.,e Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA , USA.,f Institute for Medical Engineering and Science , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA , USA.,g Media Lab , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA , USA
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Mauro VP, Chappell SA. Considerations in the Use of Codon Optimization for Recombinant Protein Expression. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1850:275-288. [PMID: 30242693 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8730-6_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Codon optimization is a gene engineering approach that is commonly used for enhancing recombinant protein expression. This approach is possible because (1) degeneracy of the genetic code enables most amino acids to be encoded by multiple codons and (2) different mRNAs encoding the same protein can vary dramatically in the amount of protein expressed. However, because codon optimization potentially disrupts overlapping information encoded in mRNA coding regions, protein structure and function may be altered. This chapter discusses the use of codon optimization for various applications in mammalian cells as well as potential consequences, so that informed decisions can be made on the appropriateness of using this approach in each case.
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36
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Rosenberg AS, Sauna ZE. Immunogenicity assessment during the development of protein therapeutics. J Pharm Pharmacol 2017; 70:584-594. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
Here we provide a critical review of the state of the art with respect to non-clinical assessments of immunogenicity for therapeutic proteins.
Key findings
The number of studies on immunogenicity published annually has more than doubled in the last 5 years. The science and technology, which have reached a critical mass, provide multiple of non-clinical approaches (computational, in vitro, ex vivo and animal models) to first predict and then to modify or eliminate T-cell or B-cell epitopes via de-immunization strategies. We discuss how these may be used in the context of drug development in assigning the immunogenicity risk of new and marketed therapeutic proteins.
Summary
Protein therapeutics represents a large share of the pharma market and provide medical interventions for some of the most complex and intractable diseases. Immunogenicity (the development of antibodies to therapeutic proteins) is an important concern for both the safety and efficacy of protein therapeutics as immune responses may neutralize the activity of life-saving and highly effective protein therapeutics and induce hypersensitivity responses including anaphylaxis. The non-clinical computational tools and experimental technologies that offer a comprehensive and increasingly accurate estimation of immunogenic potential are surveyed here. This critical review also discusses technologies which are promising but are not as yet ready for routine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy S Rosenberg
- Laboratory of Immunology, Division of Biotechnology Product Review and Research 3, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drugs Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Zuben E Sauna
- Hemostasis Branch, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapeutics, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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Abstract
The ribosome flow model on a ring (RFMR) is a deterministic model for ribosome flow along a circularized mRNA. We derive a new spectral representation for the optimal steady-state production rate and the corresponding optimal steady-state ribosomal density in the RFMR. This representation has several important advantages. First, it provides a simple and numerically stable algorithm for determining the optimal values even in very long rings. Second, it enables efficient computation of the sensitivity of the optimal production rate to small changes in the transition rates along the mRNA. Third, it implies that the optimal steady-state production rate is a strictly concave function of the transition rates. Maximizing the optimal steady-state production rate with respect to the rates under an affine constraint on the rates thus becomes a convex optimization problem that admits a unique solution. This solution can be determined numerically using highly efficient algorithms. This optimization problem is important, for example, when re-engineering heterologous genes in a host organism. We describe the implications of our results to this and other aspects of translation.
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Shestopal SA, Hao JJ, Karnaukhova E, Liang Y, Ovanesov MV, Lin M, Kurasawa JH, Lee TK, Mcvey JH, Sarafanov AG. Expression and characterization of a codon-optimized blood coagulation factor VIII. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:709-720. [PMID: 28109042 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Essentials Recombinant factor VIII (FVIII) is known to be expressed at a low level in cell culture. To increase expression, we used codon-optimization of a B-domain deleted FVIII (BDD-FVIII). This resulted in 7-fold increase of the expression level in cell culture. The biochemical properties of codon-optimized BDD-FVIII were similar to the wild-type protein. SUMMARY Background Production of recombinant factor VIII (FVIII) is challenging because of its low expression. It was previously shown that codon-optimization of a B-domain-deleted FVIII (BDD-FVIII) cDNA resulted in increased protein expression. However, it is well recognized that synonymous mutations may affect the protein structure and function. Objectives To compare biochemical properties of a BDD-FVIII variants expressed from codon-optimized and wild-type cDNAs (CO and WT, respectively). Methods Each variant of the BDD-FVIII was expressed in several independent Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines, generated using a lentiviral platform. The proteins were purified by two-step affinity chromatography and analyzed in parallel by PAGE-western blot, mass spectrometry, circular dichroism, surface plasmon resonance, and chromogenic, clotting and thrombin generation assays. Results and conclusion The average yield of the CO was 7-fold higher than WT, whereas both proteins were identical in the amino acid sequences (99% coverage) and very similar in patterns of the molecular fragments (before and after thrombin cleavage), glycosylation and tyrosine sulfation, secondary structures and binding to von Willebrand factor and to a fragment of the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1. The CO preparations had on average 1.5-fold higher FVIII specific activity (activity normalized to protein mass) than WT preparations, which was attributed to better preservation of the CO structure as a result of considerably higher protein concentrations during the production. We concluded that the codon-optimization of the BDD-FVIII resulted in significant increase of its expression and did not affect the structure-function properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Shestopal
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - J-J Hao
- Poochon Scientific, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - E Karnaukhova
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Y Liang
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - M V Ovanesov
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - M Lin
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - J H Kurasawa
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - T K Lee
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - J H Mcvey
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
| | - A G Sarafanov
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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Lagassé HAD, Alexaki A, Simhadri VL, Katagiri NH, Jankowski W, Sauna ZE, Kimchi-Sarfaty C. Recent advances in (therapeutic protein) drug development. F1000Res 2017; 6:113. [PMID: 28232867 PMCID: PMC5302153 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.9970.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic protein drugs are an important class of medicines serving patients most in need of novel therapies. Recently approved recombinant protein therapeutics have been developed to treat a wide variety of clinical indications, including cancers, autoimmunity/inflammation, exposure to infectious agents, and genetic disorders. The latest advances in protein-engineering technologies have allowed drug developers and manufacturers to fine-tune and exploit desirable functional characteristics of proteins of interest while maintaining (and in some cases enhancing) product safety or efficacy or both. In this review, we highlight the emerging trends and approaches in protein drug development by using examples of therapeutic proteins approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration over the previous five years (2011–2016, namely January 1, 2011, through August 31, 2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Daniel Lagassé
- Hemostasis Branch, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Aikaterini Alexaki
- Hemostasis Branch, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Vijaya L Simhadri
- Hemostasis Branch, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Nobuko H Katagiri
- Hemostasis Branch, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Wojciech Jankowski
- Hemostasis Branch, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Zuben E Sauna
- Hemostasis Branch, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Chava Kimchi-Sarfaty
- Hemostasis Branch, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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Lamberth K, Reedtz-Runge SL, Simon J, Klementyeva K, Pandey GS, Padkjær SB, Pascal V, León IR, Gudme CN, Buus S, Sauna ZE. Post hoc assessment of the immunogenicity of bioengineered factor VIIa demonstrates the use of preclinical tools. Sci Transl Med 2017; 9:9/372/eaag1286. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aag1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Zarai Y, Margaliot M, Tuller T. On the Ribosomal Density that Maximizes Protein Translation Rate. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166481. [PMID: 27861564 PMCID: PMC5115748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
During mRNA translation, several ribosomes attach to the same mRNA molecule simultaneously translating it into a protein. This pipelining increases the protein translation rate. A natural and important question is what ribosomal density maximizes the protein translation rate. Using mathematical models of ribosome flow along both a linear and a circular mRNA molecules we prove that typically the steady-state protein translation rate is maximized when the ribosomal density is one half of the maximal possible density. We discuss the implications of our results to endogenous genes under natural cellular conditions and also to synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoram Zarai
- School of Electrical Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Michael Margaliot
- School of Electrical Engineering and the Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Tamir Tuller
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering and the Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
- * E-mail:
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Wu B, Chung S, Jiang XR, McNally J, Pedras-Vasconcelos J, Pillutla R, White JT, Xu Y, Gupta S. Strategies to Determine Assay Format for the Assessment of Neutralizing Antibody Responses to Biotherapeutics. AAPS JOURNAL 2016; 18:1335-1350. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-016-9954-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Yu D, Zhao M, Dong L, Zhao L, Zou M, Sun H, Zhang M, Liu H, Zou Z. Design and evaluation of novel interferon lambda analogs with enhanced antiviral activity and improved drug attributes. Drug Des Devel Ther 2016; 10:163-82. [PMID: 26792983 PMCID: PMC4708225 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s91455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Type III interferons (IFNs) (also called IFN-λ: IFN-λ1, IFN-λ2, IFN-λ3, and IFN-λ4) are critical players in the defense against viral infection of mucosal epithelial cells, where the activity of type I IFNs is weak, and unlike type I IFNs that are associated with severe and diverse side effects, type III IFNs cause minimal side effects due to the highly restricted expression of their receptors, and thus appear to be promising agents for the treatment and prevention of respiratory and gastrointestinal viral infection. However, the antiviral potency of natural type III IFNs is weak compared to type I and, although IFN-λ3 possesses the highest bioactivity among the type III IFNs, IFN-λ1, instead of IFN-λ3, is being developed as a therapeutic drug due to the difficulty to express IFN-λ3 in the prokaryotic expression system. Here, to develop optimal IFN-λ molecules with improved drug attributes, we designed a series of IFN-λ analogs by replacing critical amino acids of IFN-λ1 with the IFN-λ3 counterparts, and vice versa. Four of the designed analogs were successfully expressed in Escherichia coli with high yield and were easily purified from inclusion bodies. Interestingly, all four analogs showed potent activity in inducing the expression of the antiviral genes MxA and OAS and two of them, analog-6 and -7, displayed an unexpected high potency that is higher than that of type I IFN (IFN-α2a) in activating the IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE)-luciferase reporter. Importantly, both analog-6 and -7 effectively inhibited replication of hepatitis C virus in Huh-7.5.1 cells, with an IC50 that is comparable to that of IFN-α2a; and consistent with the roles of IFN-λ in mucosal epithelia, both analogs potently inhibited replication of H3N2 influenza A virus in A549 cells. Together, these studies identified two IFN-λ analogs as candidates to be developed as novel antiviral biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debin Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingzhi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liwei Dong
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingwei Zou
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hetong Sun
- Prosit Sole Biotechnology, Co., Ltd., Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengying Zhang
- Prosit Sole Biotechnology, Co., Ltd., Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Prosit Sole Biotechnology, Co., Ltd., Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Zou
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
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Crawford B, Ozelo MC, Ogiwara K, Ahlin J, Albanez S, Hegadorn C, Harpell L, Hough C, Lillicrap D. Transgene-host cell interactions mediate significant influences on the production, stability, and function of recombinant canine FVIII. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2015; 2:15033. [PMID: 26636112 PMCID: PMC4650998 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2015.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant FVIII manufacturing is characterized by poor product stability and low yields. Codon-optimization of transgenes accelerates translation by exploiting the synonymous codon usage bias of a species. However, this can alter the performance of the final product. Additionally, the effects of transgene design across diverse cell types are not well understood and are of interest for next-generation protein and gene therapies. To investigate the effects of transgene design across different host cells, B-domain-deleted (BDD) and modified codon-optimized (CO-N6) transgenes were inserted via lentiviral delivery into cBOECs, HEK293T, and MDCK cells. The CO-N6 cFVIII transgene produced threefold more protein per transgene in HEK293T cells, and sixfold more protein in the two canine cell lines. However, pharmacokinetic analysis in hemophilia A dogs demonstrated that cFVIII produced from cBOECs transduced with the CO-N6 transgene had significantly reduced in vivo recovery. Furthermore, this product showed reduced in vitro stability and activity on thrombin activation versus the BDD product. This trend was reversed in HEK293T lines. Overall, our results demonstrate the need for an integrated approach that not only assesses protein expression levels but also considers the influence that host-cells have on preserving the molecular and biochemical properties of the naturally occurring FVIII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bredon Crawford
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Margareth C Ozelo
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario, Canada ; INCT do Sangue Hemocentro UNICAMP, INCT do Sangue Hemocentro UNICAMP, University of Campinas , Campinas, Brazil
| | - Kenichi Ogiwara
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - James Ahlin
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Silvia Albanez
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carol Hegadorn
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lori Harpell
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine Hough
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Lillicrap
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The past decade has witnessed tremendous progress in surface micropatterning techniques for generating arrays of various types of biomolecules. Multiplexed protein micropatterning has tremendous potential for drug discovery providing versatile means for high throughput assays required for target and lead identification as well as diagnostics and functional screening for personalized medicine. However, ensuring the functional integrity of proteins on surfaces has remained challenging, in particular in the case of membrane proteins, the most important class of drug targets. Yet, generic strategies to control functional organization of proteins into micropatterns are emerging. AREAS COVERED This review includes an overview introducing the most common approaches for surface modification and functional protein immobilization. The authors present the key photo and soft lithography techniques with respect to compatibility with functional protein micropatterning and multiplexing capabilities. In the second part, the authors present the key applications of protein micropatterning techniques in drug discovery with a focus on membrane protein interactions and cellular signaling. EXPERT OPINION With the growing importance of target discovery as well as protein-based therapeutics and personalized medicine, the application of protein arrays can play a fundamental role in drug discovery. Yet, important technical breakthroughs are still required for broad application of these approaches, which will include in vitro "copying" of proteins from cDNA arrays into micropatterns, direct protein capturing from single cells as well as protein microarrays in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang You
- a Department of Biology, Division of Biophysics , University of Osnabrück , Osnabrück 49076 , Germany
| | - Jacob Piehler
- a Department of Biology, Division of Biophysics , University of Osnabrück , Osnabrück 49076 , Germany
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Tobin PH, Richards DH, Callender RA, Wilson CJ. Protein engineering: a new frontier for biological therapeutics. Curr Drug Metab 2015; 15:743-56. [PMID: 25495737 DOI: 10.2174/1389200216666141208151524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein engineering holds the potential to transform the metabolic drug landscape through the development of smart, stimulusresponsive drug systems. Protein therapeutics are a rapidly expanding segment of Food and Drug Administration approved drugs that will improve clinical outcomes over the long run. Engineering of protein therapeutics is still in its infancy, but recent general advances in protein engineering capabilities are being leveraged to yield improved control over both pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Stimulus- responsive protein therapeutics are drugs which have been designed to be metabolized under targeted conditions. Protein engineering is being utilized to develop tailored smart therapeutics with biochemical logic. This review focuses on applications of targeted drug neutralization, stimulus-responsive engineered protein prodrugs, and emerging multicomponent smart drug systems (e.g., antibody-drug conjugates, responsive engineered zymogens, prospective biochemical logic smart drug systems, drug buffers, and network medicine applications).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Corey J Wilson
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, USA.
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Bali V, Lazrak A, Guroji P, Fu L, Matalon S, Bebok Z. A synonymous codon change alters the drug sensitivity of ΔF508 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. FASEB J 2015; 30:201-13. [PMID: 26336913 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-273714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Synonymous mutations, such as I507-ATC→ATT, in deletion of Phe508 in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (ΔF508 CFTR), the most frequent disease-associated mutant of CFTR, may affect protein biogenesis, structure, and function and contribute to an altered disease phenotype. Small-molecule drugs are being developed to correct ΔF508 CFTR. To understand correction mechanisms and the consequences of synonymous mutations, we analyzed the effect of mechanistically distinct correctors, corrector 4a (C4) and lumacaftor (VX-809), on I507-ATT and I507-ATC ΔF508 CFTR biogenesis and function. C4 stabilized I507-ATT ΔF508 CFTR band B, but without considerable biochemical and functional correction. VX-809 biochemically corrected ∼10% of both of the variants, leading to stable, forskolin+3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX)-activated whole-cell currents in the presence of the corrector. Omitting VX-809 during whole-cell recordings led to a spontaneous decline of the currents, suggesting posttranslational stabilization by VX-809. Treatment of cells with the C4+VX-809 combination resulted in enhanced rescue and 2-fold higher forskolin+IBMX-activated currents of both I507-ATT and I507-ATC ΔF508 CFTR, compared with VX-809 treatment alone. The lack of an effect of C4 on I507-ATC ΔF508 CFTR, but its additive effect in combination with VX-809, implies that C4 acted on VX-809-modified I507-ATC ΔF508 CFTR. Our results suggest that binding of C4 and VX-809 to ΔF508 CFTR is conformation specific and provide evidence that synonymous mutations can alter the drug sensitivity of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedrana Bali
- *Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Lung Injury and Repair Research Center, and The Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ahmed Lazrak
- *Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Lung Injury and Repair Research Center, and The Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Purushotham Guroji
- *Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Lung Injury and Repair Research Center, and The Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Lianwu Fu
- *Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Lung Injury and Repair Research Center, and The Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sadis Matalon
- *Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Lung Injury and Repair Research Center, and The Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Zsuzsanna Bebok
- *Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Lung Injury and Repair Research Center, and The Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Simhadri VL, Banerjee AS, Simon J, Kimchi-Sarfaty C, Sauna ZE. Personalized approaches to the treatment of hemophilia A and B. Per Med 2015; 12:403-415. [PMID: 29771661 DOI: 10.2217/pme.15.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The recognition that individuals respond differently to the same medication is not new and dates almost to the founding of western medicine. In the last century it came to be recognized that genetic factors influence the heterogeneity of individual responses to medications with respect to both toxicity and effectiveness. Nonetheless, it has been challenging to integrate pharmacogenetic approaches in the routine practice of medicine as the identification of biomarkers is difficult due to the inherent complexity of biological systems. Here, we present potential applications of pharmacogenetics in managing hemophilia A and B. We discuss how predicting and circumventing immunogenicity, an important impediment to treating hemophilia patients, particularly lends itself to a pharmacogenetic approach. In addition, we discuss new trends toward personalizing the management of hemophilia in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya L Simhadri
- Laboratory of Hemostasis, Division of Hematology Research & Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation & Research, Food & Drug Administration, New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Aditi Sengupta Banerjee
- Laboratory of Hemostasis, Division of Hematology Research & Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation & Research, Food & Drug Administration, New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Jonathan Simon
- Laboratory of Hemostasis, Division of Hematology Research & Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation & Research, Food & Drug Administration, New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Chava Kimchi-Sarfaty
- Laboratory of Hemostasis, Division of Hematology Research & Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation & Research, Food & Drug Administration, New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Zuben E Sauna
- Laboratory of Hemostasis, Division of Hematology Research & Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation & Research, Food & Drug Administration, New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
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Abstract
The purpose of making a "biobetter" biologic is to improve on the salient characteristics of a known biologic for which there is, minimally, clinical proof of concept or, maximally, marketed product data. There already are several examples in which second-generation or biobetter biologics have been generated by improving the pharmacokinetic properties of an innovative drug, including Neulasta(®) [a PEGylated, longer-half-life version of Neupogen(®) (filgrastim)] and Aranesp(®) [a longer-half-life version of Epogen(®) (epoetin-α)]. This review describes the use of protein fusion technologies such as Fc fusion proteins, fusion to human serum albumin, fusion to carboxy-terminal peptide, and other polypeptide fusion approaches to make biobetter drugs with more desirable pharmacokinetic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Strohl
- Janssen BioTherapeutics, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, SH31-21757, 1400 Welsh and McKean Roads, PO Box 776, Spring House, PA, 19477, USA,
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50
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Zhao W, Liu F, Chen Y, Bai J, Gao W. Synthesis of well-defined protein–polymer conjugates for biomedicine. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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