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Yuksel Egrilmez M, Kocturk S, Aktan S, Oktay G, Resmi H, Simsek Keskin H, Guner Akdogan G, Ozkan S. Melatonin Prevents UVB-Induced Skin Photoaging by Inhibiting Oxidative Damage and MMP Expression through JNK/AP-1 Signaling Pathway in Human Dermal Fibroblasts. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12070950. [PMID: 35888040 PMCID: PMC9322074 DOI: 10.3390/life12070950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation causes damage to the skin and induces photoaging. UV irradiation stimulates production of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, which results in activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in fibroblasts. MAPKs are responsible for activation of activator protein-1 (AP-1), which subsequently upregulates expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Melatonin is a potent free radical scavenger which is known to have photoprotective effects. The aim of this study is to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms for the photoprotective effects of melatonin in UVB-irradiated primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) in terms of EGFR activation, oxidative/nitrosative damage, JNK/AP-1 activation, MMP activities, and the levels of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and type I procollagen (PIP-C). In this study, HDFs were pretreated with 1 μM of melatonin and then irradiated with 0.1 J/cm2 of UVB. Changes in the molecules were analyzed at different time points. Melatonin inhibited UVB-induced oxidative/nitrosative stress damage by reducing malondialdehyde, the ratio of oxidized/reduced glutathione, and nitrotyrosine. Melatonin downregulated UV-induced activation of EGFR and the JNK/AP-1 signaling pathway. UVB-induced activities of MMP-1 and MMP-3 were decreased and levels of TIMP-1 and PIP-C were increased by melatonin. These findings suggest that melatonin can protect against the adverse effects of UVB radiation by inhibiting MMP-1 and MMP-3 activity and increasing TIMP-1 and PIP-C levels, probably through the suppression of oxidative/nitrosative damage, EGFR, and JNK/AP-1 activation in HDFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtap Yuksel Egrilmez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey
- Correspondence:
| | - Semra Kocturk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey; (S.K.); (G.O.); (H.R.); (G.G.A.)
| | - Sebnem Aktan
- Department of Dermatological and Venereal Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey; (S.A.); (S.O.)
| | - Gulgun Oktay
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey; (S.K.); (G.O.); (H.R.); (G.G.A.)
| | - Halil Resmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey; (S.K.); (G.O.); (H.R.); (G.G.A.)
| | - Hatice Simsek Keskin
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey;
| | - Gul Guner Akdogan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey; (S.K.); (G.O.); (H.R.); (G.G.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Izmir University of Economics, Izmir 35330, Turkey
| | - Sebnem Ozkan
- Department of Dermatological and Venereal Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey; (S.A.); (S.O.)
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Gao S, Guo K, Chen Y, Zhao J, Jing R, Wang L, Li X, Hu Z, Xu N, Li X. Keratinocyte Growth Factor 2 Ameliorates UVB-Induced Skin Damage via Activating the AhR/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:655281. [PMID: 34163354 PMCID: PMC8215442 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.655281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) can cause skin damage through oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis. Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) has been shown to reduce the content of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) following UVB exposure, a role that is crucial for the efficient photoprotection of skin. The present study evaluated the photoprotective effect of KGF-2 on UVB-induced skin damage and explored its potential molecular mechanism. Methods: To evaluate the effect of KGF-2 on UVB-induced damage ex vivo, a human epidermal full-thickness skin equivalent was pretreated without or with KGF-2 and then exposed to UVB and the levels of histopathological changes, DNA damage, inflammation, and apoptosis were then evaluated. The ability of KGF-2 to protect the cells against UVB-inflicted damage and its effect on ROS production, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction were determined in HaCaT cells. Results: Pretreatment of the epidermis with KGF-2 ameliorated the extent of photodamage. At the cellular level, KGF-2 could attenuate ROS production, apoptosis, DNA damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction caused by UVB exposure. KGF-2 could also activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) to trigger the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Conclusion: Taken together, our findings suggested that KGF-2 could ameliorate UVB-induced skin damage through inhibiting apoptosis, reducing oxidative stress, and preventing DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction via regulating AhR/Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Keke Guo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jungang Zhao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Rongrong Jing
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lusheng Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuenan Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhenlin Hu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Nuo Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Piccinino D, Capecchi E, Tomaino E, Gabellone S, Gigli V, Avitabile D, Saladino R. Nano-Structured Lignin as Green Antioxidant and UV Shielding Ingredient for Sunscreen Applications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:274. [PMID: 33578879 PMCID: PMC7916605 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Green, biocompatible, and biodegradable antioxidants represent a milestone in cosmetic and cosmeceutical applications. Lignin is the most abundant polyphenol in nature, recovered as a low-cost waste from the pulp and paper industry and biorefinery. This polymer is characterized by beneficial physical and chemical properties which are improved at the nanoscale level due to the emergence of antioxidant and UV shielding activities. Here we review the use of lignin nanoparticles in cosmetic and cosmeceutical applications, focusing on sunscreen and antiaging formulations. Advances in the technology for the preparation of lignin nanoparticles are described highlighting structure activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Piccinino
- Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, San Camillo De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.C.); (E.T.); (S.G.); (V.G.)
| | - Eliana Capecchi
- Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, San Camillo De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.C.); (E.T.); (S.G.); (V.G.)
| | - Elisabetta Tomaino
- Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, San Camillo De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.C.); (E.T.); (S.G.); (V.G.)
| | - Sofia Gabellone
- Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, San Camillo De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.C.); (E.T.); (S.G.); (V.G.)
| | - Valeria Gigli
- Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, San Camillo De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.C.); (E.T.); (S.G.); (V.G.)
| | - Daniele Avitabile
- IDI Farmaceutici, Via dei Castelli Romani 73/75, 00071 Pomezia, Italy;
| | - Raffaele Saladino
- Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, San Camillo De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.C.); (E.T.); (S.G.); (V.G.)
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Su W, Wang L, Fu X, Ni L, Duan D, Xu J, Gao X. Protective Effect of a Fucose-Rich Fucoidan Isolated from Saccharina japonica against Ultraviolet B-Induced Photodamage In Vitro in Human Keratinocytes and In Vivo in Zebrafish. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E316. [PMID: 32549256 PMCID: PMC7344804 DOI: 10.3390/md18060316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A fucose-rich fucoidan was purified from brown seaweed Saccharina japonica, of which the UVB protective effect was investigated in vitro in keratinocytes of HaCaT cells and in vivo in zebrafish. The intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and the viability of UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells were determined. The results indicate that the purified fucoidan significantly reduced the intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and improved the viability of UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. Furthermore, the purified fucoidan remarkably decreased the apoptosis by regulating the expressions of Bax/Bcl-xL and cleaved caspase-3 in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the in vivo UV protective effect of the purified fucoidan was investigated using a zebrafish model. It significantly reduced the intracellular reactive oxygen species level, the cell death, the NO production, and the lipid peroxidation in UVB-irradiated zebrafish in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that purified fucoidan has a great potential to be developed as a natural anti-UVB agent applied in the cosmetic industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanchun Su
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5th Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (W.S.); (L.N.); (J.X.); (X.G.)
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Korea;
- Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63333, Korea
| | - Xiaoting Fu
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5th Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (W.S.); (L.N.); (J.X.); (X.G.)
| | - Liying Ni
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5th Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (W.S.); (L.N.); (J.X.); (X.G.)
| | - Delin Duan
- State Key Lab of Seaweed Bioactive Substances, 1th Daxueyuan Road, Qingdao 266400, China;
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jiachao Xu
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5th Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (W.S.); (L.N.); (J.X.); (X.G.)
| | - Xin Gao
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5th Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (W.S.); (L.N.); (J.X.); (X.G.)
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Abstract
Fucoxanthin is a bioactive compound that is a kind of natural carotenoid. Fucoxanthin is known to protect against UV-B-induced cell damage in hairless mice, even though it is physiochemically unstable to heat and acid due to its polyunsaturated structure, indicating that fucoxanthin possesses a low bioavailability, and this disadvantage limits its application in the cosmetic industry. Solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) systems are known to be suitable as carriers for sunscreen agents. In this research work, the sunscreen-boosting effect of SLN, as a deliverer of functional ingredient, especially fucoxanthin, has been developed and evaluated by comparing the sunburn protection factors (SPF) of macroemulsion (cream and lotion type) and an SLN formula containing various kinds of sunscreen agents, respectively. Several results such as stability test, particle size, DSC analysis, and X-ray analysis show that the SLN formula loading fucoxanthin has the possibility of being a stable and high-functioning ingredient delivery system. Moreover, the SLN formula has shown a higher SPF value than others, meaning that the SLN formula exhibits a good sunscreen-boosting effect. This study indicates that the use of SLN as a carrier enhanced the bioavailability of fucoxanthin and shows that SLN could be a promising carrier for the production of sunscreen products by allowing the scaling-up of production.
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Hajlaoui H, Arraouadi S, Mighri H, Chaaibia M, Gharsallah N, Ros G, Nieto G, Kadri A. Phytochemical Constituents and Antioxidant Activity of Oudneya Africana L. Leaves Extracts: Evaluation Effects on Fatty Acids and Proteins Oxidation of Beef Burger during Refrigerated Storage. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8100442. [PMID: 31581511 PMCID: PMC6826378 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Five Oudneya Africana (OA) leaves extracts were screened for their total phenolic (TPC), total flavonoid (TFC), condensed tannins (CTC) content, as well as their antioxidant capacity. The highest amount of TPC (661.66 ± 0.08 mg GAE/g), TFC (344.68 ± 0.44 mg QE/g) and TCT (90.18 ± 0.49 mg CE/g) was recorded to ethanol, acetone, and dichloromethane extracts, respectively. For 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (22.00 ± 0.03 µg/mL) and Reducing Power Assay (FRAP) (269.00 ± 0.01µg/mL) assays, ethanol extract showed the potent activity, while with ABTS test, acetone extract was the most active (761.15 ± 0.09 µg/mL). HPLC-MS analysis of acetonic and ethanolic extracts reveals the predominance of quinic acid, chlorogenic acid, 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid, and rutin compounds. The addition effect evaluation of OA extracts in beef burger preservation demonstrates the powerful effect (p < 0.05) of acetonic and ethanolic ones (0.03%) to inhibit lipids oxidation during storage for 10 days, given by the lowest increase in Thiobarbituric Acid-reactive Substances (TBARS) values as compared to the (−) control with a significant difference between free thiols values. In addition, these two extracts appear to be effective (p < 0.05) for pH stability, color, and sensory parameters as compared to (+) and (−) controls and aqueous extract. Hamburger odour was considered as a dependent variable in multiple linear regression analysis, where the models results showed that physicochemical parameters determine more burger odour than sensorial ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafedh Hajlaoui
- Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances (LR99ES27), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street 5000, Tunisia;
- Research Unit Valorization and Optimization of Resource Exploitation (UR16ES04), Faculty of Science and Technology of Sidi Bouzid, University of Kairouan, Campus University Agricultural City—Sidi Bouzid 9100, Tunisia
| | - Soumaya Arraouadi
- Regional Center of Agricultural Research (CRRA) Sidi Bouzid, Gafsa Road Km 5, PB 357, Sidi Bouzid 9100, Tunisia;
| | - Hedi Mighri
- Range Ecology Laboratory, Arid Region Institute, University of Gabes, El-Jorf Road Km 22.5, Medenine 4119, Tunisia;
| | - Mouna Chaaibia
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, Soukra Road km 4, BP 802, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (M.C.); (N.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Néji Gharsallah
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, Soukra Road km 4, BP 802, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (M.C.); (N.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Gaspar Ros
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Gema Nieto
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-868-889624
| | - Adel Kadri
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, Soukra Road km 4, BP 802, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (M.C.); (N.G.); (A.K.)
- College of Science and Arts in Baljurashi, Al Baha University, Al Baha, P.O.Box (1988), Saudi Arabia
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A pilot study of the UVA-photoprotective potential of dehydrosilybin, isosilybin, silychristin, and silydianin on human dermal fibroblasts. Arch Dermatol Res 2019; 311:477-490. [PMID: 31079190 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-019-01928-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The exposure of naked unprotected skin to solar radiation may result in numerous acute and chronic undesirable effects. Evidence suggests that silymarin, a standardized extract from Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. seeds, and its major component silybin suppress UVB-induced skin damage. Here, we aimed to investigate the UVA-protective effects of silymarin's less abundant flavonolignans, specifically isosilybin (ISB), silychristin (SC), silydianin (SD), and 2,3-dehydrosilybin (DHSB). Normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) pre-treated for 1 h with flavonolignans were then exposed to UVA light using a solar simulator. Their effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS), carbonylated proteins and glutathione (GSH) level, caspase-3 activity, single-strand breaks' (SSBs) formation and protein level of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and heat shock protein (HSP70) were evaluated. The most pronounced preventative potential was found for DHSB, a minor component of silymarin, and SC, the second most abundant flavonolignan in silymarin. They had significant effects on most of the studied parameters. Meanwhile, a photoprotective effect of SC was mostly found at double the concentration of DHSB. ISB and SD protected against GSH depletion, the generation of ROS, carbonylated proteins and SSBs, and caspase-3 activation, but had no significant effect on MMP-1, HO-1, or HSP70. In summary, DHSB and to a lesser extent other silymarin flavonolignans are potent UVA-protective compounds. However, due to the in vitro phototoxic potential of DHSB published elsewhere, further studies are needed to exclude phototoxicity for humans as well as to confirm our results on human skin ex vivo and in vivo.
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Agro-Industrial By-Products and Their Bioactive Compounds—An Ally against Oxidative Stress and Skin Aging. COSMETICS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics5040058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased consumer awareness towards hazards related with sun exposure has given a boost in the cosmetics industry and particularly the sun care market. Human skin is continually being threatened by the UV irradiation present in sunlight and acute UV exposure leads to skin photoaging. Cosmetic and/or dermatological applications include several bioactive compounds that contribute to the regulation of epidermal homeostasis by providing protection against solar radiation and improving the antioxidant activity of epidermis. Plant extracts are sources of active ingredients with intense therapeutic properties, and the topical application or oral intake of these compounds could ameliorate skin condition. Nowadays, there is a growing demand for the application of the bioactive agents contained in agro-industrial byproducts in sun care products, since many of them have shown promising properties as skin photoprotectants. However, well-conducted clinical studies are required to prove their safety and efficacy before they could be regularly used. Environmentally friendly extraction and sustainable techniques are therefore under examination for recovering such compounds from agro-industrial byproducts and converting them into innovative high-value natural ingredients used in cosmetic formulations.
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Tiraravesit N, Yakaew S, Rukchay R, Luangbudnark W, Viennet C, Humbert P, Viyoch J. Artocarpus altilis heartwood extract protects skin against UVB in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 175:153-162. [PMID: 26387741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Artocarpus altilis (Moreceae) has been widely used as a traditional folk medicine in Southeast Asia for the treatment of many diseases, including skin disorders, such as ulcers and dermatitis. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to investigate the ability of an artocarpin-enriched extract to prevent ultraviolet radiation B-induced photodamage. MATERIALS AND METHODS The content of artocarpin in the extract was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A DPPH assay was used to evaluate the free radical scavenging activity of the extract, which was compared with those of l-ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol. Cytotoxicity and proliferation of cells treated with the extract were determined using XTT and BrdU assays, respectively. Human skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes were pretreated with the extract for 24h and later irradiated with ultraviolet radiation B at 128 J/cm(2). The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 released from ultraviolet radiation B-irradiated keratinocytes and, MMP-1 and type-I procollagen produced by ultraviolet radiation B-irradiated fibroblasts were measured by ELISA and/or western blotting. The hairless skin of male mice (outbred ICR) was treated with the extract or l-ascorbic acid solution prior to exposure to ultraviolet radiation B irradiation. The dose of ultraviolet B irradiation was consecutively increased to 18, 36, 54, and 72 J/cm(2) at weeks 1-4, 4-7, 7-10, and 10-12, respectively. The epidermal thickness and collagen content in the skin of ultraviolet radiation B-irradiated mice were evaluated. RESULTS The extract concentration of 50 µg/mL was not toxic and did not inhibit the proliferation of fibroblasts. The pretreatment of fibroblasts with 50 µg/mL extract prior to ultraviolet radiation B irradiation attenuated MMP-1 production but did not affect type-I procollagen production. The extract also decreased the ultraviolet radiation B-induced production of TNF-α and IL-6 in keratinocytes. Moreover, the topical administration of the extract suppressed epidermal thickening and collagen loss in chronically ultraviolet radiation B-exposed skin in mice. CONCLUSIONS The experimental study revealed that A. altilis extract suppresses structural alterations in skin damaged by ultraviolet radiation B irradiation. This suppression was, at least partially, mediated by decrease in MMP-1 production in fibroblasts and TNF-α and IL-6 productions in keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narisara Tiraravesit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Swanya Yakaew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Racharat Rukchay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Witoo Luangbudnark
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Celine Viennet
- Engineering and Cutaneous Biology Laboratory, INSERM UMR 1098, SFR FED 4234, University of Franche-Comte, Besancon 25000, France
| | - Philippe Humbert
- Engineering and Cutaneous Biology Laboratory, INSERM UMR 1098, SFR FED 4234, University of Franche-Comte, Besancon 25000, France; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Besancon 25000, France
| | - Jarupa Viyoch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
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Cynaropicrin attenuates UVB-induced oxidative stress via the AhR-Nrf2-Nqo1 pathway. Toxicol Lett 2015; 234:74-80. [PMID: 25680693 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, artichoke (Cynara scolymus) has been used as folk medicine to treat various diseases. Cynaropicrin (Cyn), a sesquiterpene lactone, is the major bioactive phytochemical in the artichoke; however, its pharmacological mechanism remains unknown. Because some phytochemicals exert their antioxidant activity by activating aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), leading to subsequent induction of the antioxidant pathway including nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (Nqo1), we investigated whether Cyn also activates the AhR-Nrf2-Nqo1 pathway. Cyn indeed induced the activation (nuclear translocation) of AhR, leading to nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and dose-dependent upregulation of Nrf2 and Nqo1 mRNAs in human keratinocytes. The Cyn-induced AhR-Nrf2-Nqo1 activation was AhR- and Nrf2-dependent, as demonstrated by the observation that it was absent in keratinocytes transfected by siRNA against either AhR or Nrf2. In accordance with these findings, Cyn actively inhibited generation of reactive oxygen species from keratinocytes irradiated with ultraviolet B (UVB) in a Nrf2-dependent manner. Cyn also inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor-α from UVB-treated keratinocytes. Our findings demonstrate that Cyn is a potent activator of the AhR-Nrf2-Nqo1 pathway, and could therefore be applied to prevention of UVB-induced photo aging.
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Rola RC, Marins LF, Nery LEM, da Rosa CE, Sandrini JZ. Responses to ROS inducer agents in zebrafish cell line: differences between copper and UV-B radiation. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 40:1817-1825. [PMID: 25119852 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-014-9970-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fish are commonly exposed to environmental pollutants, which in turns could induce an oxidative stress. So, it is important to understand the effects and the responses elicited by these toxicants in fish species, being fish cell lines important tools for this purpose. Thus, the aim of the present study was to compare the effects of copper and UV-B radiation exposure on zebrafish hepatocytes (ZFL lineage) in terms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, sulfhydril groups content and mRNA levels of important genes related to cellular response to toxic agents. Exposure of ZFL cells to UV-B radiation (23.3 mJ/cm(2)) significantly increased levels of intracellular ROS and mRNA of both superoxide dismutase isoforms (sod1 and sod2), three glutathione S-transferase isoforms (gstα, gstµ and gstπ) and a heat shock protein (hsp70). However, no changes in nonprotein sulfhydryl groups (NP-SH) content, as well as in the mRNA levels of genes related to glutathione (GSH) synthesis and recycling, were observed. Contrary to this, copper exposure (20 mg/L) diminished NP-SH content and increased the levels of mRNA of genes related to GSH synthesis (gclc and gs). Moreover, copper exposure increases the mRNA levels of some genes related to antioxidant defenses (gpx and gstπ), biotransformation reactions (cyp1a1) and protein repair (hsp70). In conclusion, these results demonstrated that both toxicants could increase ROS levels in ZFL cell line, but the responses are different, which could be related to activation of different signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Coimbra Rola
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas - Fisiologia Animal Comparada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, CEP 96203-900, Brazil
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12
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Piao MJ, Ahn MJ, Kang KA, Kim KC, Zheng J, Yao CW, Cha JW, Hyun CL, Kang HK, Lee NH, Hyun JW. Phloroglucinol inhibits ultraviolet B radiation-induced oxidative stress in the mouse skin. Int J Radiat Biol 2014; 90:928-35. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.911990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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13
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Lorencini M, Brohem CA, Dieamant GC, Zanchin NI, Maibach HI. Active ingredients against human epidermal aging. Ageing Res Rev 2014; 15:100-15. [PMID: 24675046 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The decisive role of the epidermis in maintaining body homeostasis prompted studies to evaluate the changes in epidermal structure and functionality over the lifetime. This development, along with the identification of molecular mechanisms of epidermal signaling, maintenance, and differentiation, points to a need for new therapeutic alternatives to treat and prevent skin aging. In addition to recovering age- and sun-compromised functions, proper treatment of the epidermis has important esthetic implications. This study reviews active ingredients capable of counteracting symptoms of epidermal aging, organized according to the regulation of specific age-affected epidermal functions: (1) several compounds, other than retinoids and derivatives, act on the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes, supporting the protective barrier against mechanical and chemical insults; (2) natural lipidic compounds, as well as glycerol and urea, are described as agents for maintaining water-ion balance; (3) regulation of immunological pathogen defense can be reinforced by natural extracts and compounds, such as resveratrol; and (4) antioxidant exogenous sources enriched with flavonoids and vitamin C, for example, improve solar radiation protection and epidermal antioxidant activity. The main objective is to provide a functional classification of active ingredients as regulatory elements of epidermal homeostasis, with potential cosmetic and/or dermatological applications.
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Huang B, Chen Y, Ma B, Zhou G, Tong J, He J, Wang Y. Protective effect of Cichorium glandulosum seeds from ultraviolet B-induced damage in rat liver mitochondria. Food Funct 2014; 5:869-75. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60466g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Jo WS, Yang KM, Park HS, Kim GY, Nam BH, Jeong MH, Choi YJ. Effect of Microalgal Extracts of Tetraselmis suecica against UVB-Induced Photoaging in Human Skin Fibroblasts. Toxicol Res 2013; 28:241-8. [PMID: 24278616 PMCID: PMC3834434 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2012.28.4.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of cells to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation can induce production of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which damage cellular components. In addition, these agents can stimulate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and decrease collagen synthesis in human skin cells. In this study, we examined the anti-photoaging effects of extracts of Tetraselmis suecica (W-TS). W-TS showed the strongest scavenging activity against 2,2-difenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and peroxyl radicals, followed by superoxide anions from the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system. We observed that the levels of both intracellular ROS and lipid peroxidation significantly increased in UVB-irradiated human skin fibroblast cells. Furthermore, the activities of enzymatic antioxidants (e.g., superoxide dismutase) and the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants (e.g., glutathione) significantly decreased in cells. However, W-TS pretreatment, at the maximum tested concentration, significantly decreased intracellular ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels in the cells. At this same concentration, W-TS did not show cytotoxicity. Type 1 procollagen and MMP-1 released were quantified using RT-PCR techniques. The results showed that W-TS protected type 1 procollagen against UVBinduced depletion in fibroblast cells in a dose-dependent manner via inhibition of UVB-induced MMP-1. Taken together, the results of the study suggest that W-TS effectively inhibits UVB-induced photoaging in skin fibroblasts by its strong anti-oxidant ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wol Soon Jo
- Department of Research center, Dong Nam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Busan, Korea
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Mandalari G, Arcoraci T, Martorana M, Bisignano C, Rizza L, Bonina FP, Trombetta D, Tomaino A. Antioxidant and photoprotective effects of blanch water, a byproduct of the almond processing industry. Molecules 2013; 18:12426-40. [PMID: 24113641 PMCID: PMC6270328 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181012426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to evaluate the antioxidant and photoprotective effect of blanch water (BW), a byproduct of the almond processing industry. The polyphenolic content of a BW extract, the level of proanthocyanidins and the vanillin index determination were determined. The antioxidant activity and the radical scavenging activity of the BW were evaluated by a range of in vitro tests. The in vivo photoprotective effect was investigated using a formulation containing 2% of the BW extract on skin erythema induced by acute UV-B exposure in twelve volunteers. Results confirmed the presence of added-value antioxidant compounds in the industrial BW extract, and the most representative compounds were naringenin-7-O-glucoside and kaempferol-7-O-rutinoside. The proanthocyanidin content was 71.84 ± 5.21 cyanidin equivalents/g of BW extract. The good antiradical activity of the BW extract was demonstrated in both the DPPH• test and in the Reducing Power test. The percentage inhibition of erythema obtained using a formulation of BW was 50.48, value clearly demonstrating an effect against photooxidative damage in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Mandalari
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti per la Salute, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, Messina 98100, Italy.
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17
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Devappa RK, Roach JS, Makkar HPS, Becker K. Occular and dermal toxicity of Jatropha curcas phorbol esters. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 94:172-178. [PMID: 23706600 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Jatropha curcas seeds are a promising feedstock for biodiesel production. However, Jatropha seed oil and other plant parts are toxic due to the presence of phorbol esters (PEs). The ever-increasing cultivation of toxic genotype of J. curcas runs the risk of increased human exposure to Jatropha products. In the present study, effects of J. curcas oil (from both toxic and nontoxic genotypes), purified PEs-rich extract and purified PEs (factors C1, C2, C(3mixture), (C4+C5)) on reconstituted human epithelium (RHE) and human corneal epithelium (HCE) were evaluated in vitro. The PEs were purified from toxic Jatropha oil. In both RHE and HCE, the topical application of PEs containing samples produced severe cellular alterations such as marked oedema, presence of less viable cell layers, necrosis and/or partial tissue disintegration in epithelium and increased inflammatory response (interleukin-1α and prostaglandin E2). When compared to toxic oil, histological alterations and inflammatory response were less evident (P<0.05) in nontoxic oil indicating the severity of toxicity was due to PEs. Conclusively, topical applications of Jatropha PEs are toxic towards RHE and HCE models, which represents dermal and occular toxicity respectively. Data obtained from this study would aid in the development of safety procedures for Jatropha biodiesel industries. It is advised to use protective gloves and glasses when handling PEs containing Jatropha products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakshit K Devappa
- Institute for Animal Production in the Tropics and Subtropics (480b), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany
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Huang B, Zhu L, Liu S, Li D, Chen Y, Ma B, Wang Y. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of inhibition activity of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) leaves against ultraviolet B-induced phototoxicity. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 121:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Zhu L, Huang B, Ban X, He J, Chen Y, Han L, Wang Y. Coptis chinensis inflorescence extract protection against ultraviolet-B-induced phototoxicity, and HPLC–MS analysis of its chemical composition. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2584-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 04/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Kamiyama M, Shibamoto T. Flavonoids with potent antioxidant activity found in young green barley leaves. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:6260-7. [PMID: 22681491 DOI: 10.1021/jf301700j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Saponarin, a flavonoid found in young green barley leaves, possesses potent antioxidant activities, which are determined by its inhibition of malonaldehyde (MA) formation from various lipids oxidized by UV light or Fenton's reagent. Lipids used were squalene, ethyl linoleate, ethyl linolenate, ethyl arachidonate, octadecatetraenoic acid (ODTA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), cod liver oil, lecithin I, lecithin II, and blood plasma. The addition of saponarin inhibited the formation of MA from squalene upon UV irradiation at the level of 2 μmol/mL by almost 100%, whereas BHT inhibited its formation by 75% at the same level. Saponarin showed potent antioxidant activity toward fatty acid ethyl esters at levels >100 μg/mL. Saponarin inhibited MA formation in ODTA by 60%, in EPA by 50%, and in DHA by 43% at the level of 15 μmol/mL. Saponarin exhibited strong antioxidant activities with dose-response levels toward cod liver oil and lipoproteins (lecithins I and II), higher than those of α-tocopherol. A mixture of saponarin/lutonarin (4.5:1, w/w) inhibited MA formation appreciably from all lipids tested with dose response. This mixture exhibited highest effect toward cod liver oil (86%), followed by DHA, lecithin II, blood plasma, EPA, and lecithin I. Supplementation of young green barley leaves containing saponarin should be beneficial to health and may prevent diseases caused by oxidative damage such as various cancers, inflammations, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Kamiyama
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California , Davis, California 95616, USA
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He F, Liang NN, Mu L, Pan QH, Wang J, Reeves MJ, Duan CQ. Anthocyanins and their variation in red wines I. Monomeric anthocyanins and their color expression. Molecules 2012; 17:1571-601. [PMID: 22314380 PMCID: PMC6268338 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17021571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Originating in the grapes, monomeric anthocyanins in young red wines contribute the majority of color and the supposed beneficial health effects related to their consumption, and as such they are recognized as one of the most important groups of phenolic metabolites in red wines. In recent years, our increasing knowledge of the chemical complexity of the monomeric anthocyanins, their stability, together with the phenomena such as self-association and copigmentation that can stabilize and enhance their color has helped to explain their color representation in red wine making and aging. A series of new enological practices were developed to improve the anthocyanin extraction, as well as their color expression and maintenance. This paper summarizes the most recent advances in the studies of the monomeric anthocyanins in red wines, emphasizing their origin, occurrence, color enhancing effects, their degradation and the effect of various enological practices on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei He
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Na-Na Liang
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lin Mu
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Pan
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Malcolm J. Reeves
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Faculty of Applied Science, Business and Computing, Eastern Institute of Technology, Napier 4142, New Zealand
| | - Chang-Qing Duan
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +86-10-6273-7136; Fax: +86-10-6273-7136
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Lee YR, Noh EM, Han JH, Kim JM, Hwang JK, Hwang BM, Chung EY, Kim BS, Lee SH, Lee SJ, Kim JS. Brazilin inhibits UVB-induced MMP-1/3 expressions and secretions by suppressing the NF-κB pathway in human dermal fibroblasts. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 674:80-6. [PMID: 22044921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Brazilin (7, 11b-dihydrobenz[b]indeno[1,2-d]pyran-3,6a,9,10 (6H)-tetrol), the major component of Caesalpinia sappan L., is a natural red pigment used for histological staining. Recent studies have shown that brazilin exhibits distinct biological effects, including anti-hepatotoxicity, antiplatelet activity, and anti-inflammatory activities. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of brazilin on MMP-1 and -3 expressions in human dermal fibroblasts exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation. Brazilin showed protective effect on UVB-induced loss of cell viability of fibroblasts. Brazilin also blocked significantly UVB-induced Reactive Oxygen Species generation in fibroblasts. Brazilin inhibited UVB-induced MMP-1/3 expressions and secretions in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, UVB-induced NF-κB activation was completely blocked by treatment with brazilin. These findings suggest that brazilin inhibits UVB-induced MMP-1/3 expressions and secretions by suppressing of NF-κB activation in human dermal fibroblasts. Thus, brazilin might be used as a potential agent for treatment of UV-induced skin photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Rae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 560-182, Republic of Korea
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Berselli PVR, Zava S, Montorfano G, Corsetto PA, Krzyzanowska J, Oleszek W, Berra B, Rizzo AM. A mint purified extract protects human keratinocytes from short-term, chemically induced oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:11428-11434. [PMID: 20949967 DOI: 10.1021/jf1020285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is strictly correlated to the pathogenesis of many diseases, and a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, or adequately integrated, is currently considered to be a protective and preventive factor. This study aimed to analyze the efficacy of a 1 h preincubation with the highest nontoxic dose of a characterized Mentha longifolia extract (80 μg/mL) in protecting human keratinocytes (NCTC2544) from chemically induced oxidative stress (500 μM H2O2 for 2, 16, and 24 h). As reference synthetic pure compounds rosmarinic acid (360.31 μg/mL), a major mint phenolic constituent, and resveratrol (31.95 mg/mL), a well-known antioxidant, were used. Cellular viability was significantly protected by mint, which limited protein and DNA damage, decreased lipid peroxidation, and preserved glutathione and superoxide dismutase activity in the shorter phases of oxidative stress induction, in extents comparable to or better than those of pure compounds. These data suggest that mint use as only a flavoring has to be revised, taking into consideration its enrichment in foodstuff and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Valeria Rita Berselli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari Applicate ai Biosistemi (DISMAB), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Trentacoste 2, 20134 Milan, Italy
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Dai J, Mumper RJ. Plant phenolics: extraction, analysis and their antioxidant and anticancer properties. Molecules 2010; 15:7313-52. [PMID: 20966876 PMCID: PMC6259146 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15107313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1718] [Impact Index Per Article: 122.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolics are broadly distributed in the plant kingdom and are the most abundant secondary metabolites of plants. Plant polyphenols have drawn increasing attention due to their potent antioxidant properties and their marked effects in the prevention of various oxidative stress associated diseases such as cancer. In the last few years, the identification and development of phenolic compounds or extracts from different plants has become a major area of health- and medical-related research. This review provides an updated and comprehensive overview on phenolic extraction, purification, analysis and quantification as well as their antioxidant properties. Furthermore, the anticancer effects of phenolics in-vitro and in-vivo animal models are viewed, including recent human intervention studies. Finally, possible mechanisms of action involving antioxidant and pro-oxidant activity as well as interference with cellular functions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Dai
- Four Tigers LLC, 1501 Bull Lea Road, Suite 105, Lexington, Kentucky 40511 USA; (J.D.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Russell J. Mumper
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +1-919-966-1271; Fax: +1-919-966-6919
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Ramachandran S, Rajendra Prasad N, Karthikeyan S. Sesamol inhibits UVB-induced ROS generation and subsequent oxidative damage in cultured human skin dermal fibroblasts. Arch Dermatol Res 2010; 302:733-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-010-1072-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2010] [Revised: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Anti-photoaging effect of fermented rice bran extract on UV-induced normal skin fibroblasts. Eur Food Res Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-010-1261-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Afaq F, Zaid MA, Khan N, Dreher M, Mukhtar H. Protective effect of pomegranate-derived products on UVB-mediated damage in human reconstituted skin. Exp Dermatol 2009; 18:553-61. [PMID: 19320737 PMCID: PMC3004287 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2008.00829.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, particularly its UVB (290-320 nm) component, is the primary cause of many adverse biological effects including photoageing and skin cancer. UVB radiation causes DNA damage, protein oxidation and induces matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Photochemoprevention via the use of botanical antioxidants in affording protection to human skin against UVB damage is receiving increasing attention. Pomegranate, from the tree Punica granatum, contains anthocyanins and hydrolysable tannins and possesses strong antioxidant and anti-tumor-promoting properties. In this study, we determined the effect of pomegranate-derived products--POMx juice, POMx extract and pomegranate oil (POMo)--against UVB-mediated damage using reconstituted human skin (EpiDerm(TM) FT-200). EpiDerm was treated with POMx juice (1-2 microl/0.1 ml/well), POMx extract (5-10 microg/0.1 ml/well) and POMo (1-2 microl/0.1 ml/well) for 1 h prior to UVB (60 mJ/cm(2)) irradiation and was harvested 12 h post-UVB to assess protein oxidation, markers of DNA damage and photoageing by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Pretreatment of Epiderm with pomegranate-derived products resulted in inhibition of UVB-induced (i) cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD), (ii) 8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), (iii) protein oxidation and (iv) proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein expression. We also found that pretreatment of Epiderm with pomegranate-derived products resulted in inhibition of UVB-induced (i) collagenase (MMP-1), (ii) gelatinase (MMP-2, MMP-9), (iii) stromelysin (MMP-3), (iv) marilysin (MMP-7), (v) elastase (MMP-12) and (vi) tropoelastin. Gelatin zymography revealed that pomegranate-derived products inhibited UVB-induced MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities. Pomegranate-derived products also caused a decrease in UVB-induced protein expression of c-Fos and phosphorylation of c-Jun. Collectively, these results suggest that all three pomegranate-derived products may be useful against UVB-induced damage to human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrukh Afaq
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison
| | | | - Naghma Khan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison
| | | | - Hasan Mukhtar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison
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Heo SJ, Jeon YJ. Protective effect of fucoxanthin isolated from Sargassum siliquastrum on UV-B induced cell damage. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2009; 95:101-7. [PMID: 19264501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2008.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2008] [Revised: 11/03/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Fucoxanthin is a carotenoid isolated from Sargassum siliquastrum and is considered to be one of major active compound of marine algae. In this study, we investigated and confirmed the protective effect of fucoxanthin on UV-B induced cell injury in human fibroblast via 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), and comet assays. Intracellular ROS generated by exposure to UV-B radiation, which was significantly decreased by addition with various concentrations of fucoxanthin. Cell survival rate was increased with fucoxanthin pre-treated cells, which was reached around 81.47% at 100 microM, and the inhibitory effect of cell damage exhibited dose-dependent manner. Moreover, fucoxanthin having protective properties was demonstrated via Hoechst 33342/PI staining. Hence, on the basis of the above-mentioned studies, fucoxanthin has the ability to protect against oxidative stress induced by UV-B radiation and which might be applied to antioxidant and cosmeceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jin Heo
- Marine Living Resources Research Department, Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute, Ansan 426-744, South Korea
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Larrosa M, Lodovici M, Morbidelli L, Dolara P. Hydrocaffeic and p-coumaric acids, natural phenolic compounds, inhibit UV-B damage in WKD human conjunctival cells in vitro and rabbit eye in vivo. Free Radic Res 2008; 42:903-10. [PMID: 18985489 DOI: 10.1080/10715760802510077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This paper studied the effect on UV-B ocular damage of 10microM hydrocaffeic acid (HCAF) alone and as a mixture (MIX) (5 microM HCAF+5 microM p-coumaric acid). Since ocular UV-B damage is mediated by reactive oxygen species, the aim was to test if HCAF and MIX could reduce oxidation damage in human conjunctival cells (WKD) in vitro and in cornea and sclera of rabbits in vivo. After UVB irradiation (44 J/m(2)) of WKD cells, 8-oxodG levels in DNA were markedly increased and this effect was attenuated by HCAF and MIX. Rabbit eyes were treated by application of HCAF and MIX drops before UV-B exposure (79 J/m(2)). Corneal and scleral DNA oxidation damage, xanthine-oxidase (XO) activity and malondialdehyde levels (MDA) in corneal tissue and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) in the aqueous humour were reduced by HCAF alone and in combination with p-coumaric acid, showing their potential as a topical treatment against UV-B damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Larrosa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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Wei A, Shibamoto T. Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oil Mixtures toward Skin Lipid Squalene Oxidized by UV Irradiation. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2008; 26:227-33. [PMID: 17687687 DOI: 10.1080/15569520701224501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidant activities of essential oil mixtures--thyme or clove leaf with cinnamon leaf, rose, or parsley seed--toward skin lipid, squalene oxidized by UV irradiation were investigated using the malonaldehyde/gas chromatography assay. At all concentrations (50, 100, or 500 mug/mL) tested, thyme oil mixed with 500 mug/mL clove oil showed over 90% inhibitory effect against malonaldehyde formation. The order of potency of all oils mixed together at 500 mug/mL was thyme/clove leaf (93%) > clove leaf/parsley seed = clove leaf /rose (87%) > thyme/parsley seed (83%) > clove leaf/cinnamon leaf (77%) > thyme/parsley seed (71%) > thyme/cinnamon leaf (7%). In comparison, the inhibitory activities of 500 microg/mL of BHT or alpha-tocopheroltoward malonaldehyde formation were 85% and 76%, respectively. Pro-oxidant effects were observed for some mixtures of thyme with cinnamon leaf or rose oils. The potent antioxidant effects resulting from a mixture of thyme and clove leaf oils may be due to the presence of thymol and eugenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfreda Wei
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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Chang CP, Liu HH, Peng CY, Fang HY, Tsao TH, Lan CH. Evaluation of erythemal UV effective irradiance from UV lamp exposure and the application in shield metal arc welding processing. HEALTH PHYSICS 2008; 94:318-327. [PMID: 18332723 DOI: 10.1097/01.hp.0000296281.04496.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure is known to cause potential effects such as erythema in skin. For UV-induced erythema (sunburn), the action spectrum from the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage, International Commission on Illumination (CIE) was adopted. Erythemal UV effects from UVR lamp exposure were investigated with commercial spectroradiometry devices in this research. Three kinds of portable UV germicidal lamps with broadband UVA (BB UVA, 350-400 nm), broadband UVB (BB UVB, 280-350 nm), and narrowband UVC (NB UVC, 254 nm) wavelengths served as the UVR emission sources. An action spectrum expresses the effectiveness of radiation for assessing the hazard of UVR in the erythemal action spectrum from 250-400 nm. The UV Index (UVI) is an irradiance scale computed by multiplying the CIE erythemal irradiance integral in milliwatts per square meter by 0.04 m mW. A comprehensive approach to detecting erythemal UVR magnitude was developed to monitor the effective exposure from UV lamps. The erythemal UVR measurement was established and the exposure assessment was applied to monitor erythemal UVR magnitude from shield metal arc welding (SMAW) processing. From this study, the erythemal UVR exposures were assessed and evaluated with environmental solar simulation of the UVI exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ping Chang
- Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Council of Labor Affairs, Executive Yuan, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wiswedel I, Keilhoff G, Dörner L, Navarro A, Böckelmann R, Bonnekoh B, Gardemann A, Gollnick H. UVB irradiation-induced impairment of keratinocytes and adaptive responses to oxidative stress. Free Radic Res 2007; 41:1017-27. [PMID: 17729119 DOI: 10.1080/10715760701531430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
UVB irradiation of human skin is known to induce pathophysiological processes as oxidative stress and inflammation. HaCaT keratinocytes represent a well-established in vitro model system to investigate the influence of UVB irradiation on cell cultures. It was the aim of these investigations to study the effects of moderate UVB doses on cellular and mitochondrial integrity of HaCaT keratinocytes, biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidant protection by superoxide dismutases. F(2)-isoprostane concentrations were UVB dose-dependently enhanced reaching a plateau at 50 mJ/cm(2). Cell viability was reduced and apoptosis was enhanced with increasing UVB doses. The activities of the respiratory chain complexes were practically not altered at lower UVB doses, up to 50 mJ/cm(2), whereas remarkable decreases, also for the levels of cardiolipin species, were seen at 100 mJ/cm(2). As an adaptive response to the enhanced oxidative stress, protein levels of MnSOD increased about 3-fold at 50 mJ/cm(2) and decreased at higher doses. From the data it can be concluded that keratinocytes are sufficiently protected at low UVB doses, whereas higher doses lead to irreversible cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Wiswedel
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathological Biochemistry, Germany.
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