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Das G, Nath R, Das Talukdar A, Ağagündüz D, Yilmaz B, Capasso R, Shin HS, Patra JK. Major Bioactive Compounds from Java Plum Seeds: An Investigation of Its Extraction Procedures and Clinical Effects. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1214. [PMID: 36986906 PMCID: PMC10057433 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Java plum is widely recognized as a plant with valuable medicinal properties, originating from Indonesia and India and distributed globally in the tropic and sub-tropic regions of the world. The plant is rich in alkaloids, flavonoids, phenyl propanoids, terpenes, tannins, and lipids. The phytoconstituents of the plant seeds possess various vital pharmacological activities and clinical effects including their antidiabetic potential. The bioactive phytoconstituents of Java plum seeds include jambosine, gallic acid, quercetin, β-sitosterol, ferulic acid, guaiacol, resorcinol, p-coumaric acid, corilagin, ellagic acid, catechin, epicatechin, tannic acid, 4,6 hexahydroxydiphenoyl glucose, 3,6-hexahydroxy diphenoylglucose, 1-galloylglucose, and 3-galloylglucose. Considering all the potential beneficial effects of the major bioactive compounds present in the Jamun seeds, in the current investigation, the specific clinical effects and the mechanism of action for the major bioactive compounds along with the extraction procedures are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitishree Das
- Research Institute of Integrative Life Sciences, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Rajat Nath
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India
| | - Anupam Das Talukdar
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India
| | - Duygu Ağagündüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Emek, Ankara 06490, Turkey
| | - Birsen Yilmaz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Han-Seung Shin
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Integrative Life Sciences, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si 10326, Republic of Korea
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Kudva AK, Raghu SV, Rao S, Venkatesh P, Hegde SK, D'souza RK, Baliga-Rao MP, Simon P, Baliga M. Indian Indigenous Fruits as Radioprotective Agents: Past, Present and Future. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:53-63. [PMID: 34229590 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210706124315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ionising radiation has been an important modality in cancer treatment and its value is immense when surgical intervention is risky or might debilitate/adversely affect the patient. However, the beneficial effect of radiation modality is negated by the damage to the adjacent healthy tissue in the field of radiation. Under these situations, the use of radioprotective compounds that can selectively protect normal tissues against radiation injury is considered very useful. However, research spanning over half a century has shown that there are no ideal radioprotectors available. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA or USFDA) approved amifostine or WR-2721 (Walter Reed-2721) [chemically S-2-(3-aminopropyl-amino) ethyl phosphorothioic acid] is toxic at their optimal concentrations. This has necessitated the need for agents that are safe and easily acceptable to humans. BACKGROUND Dietary agents with beneficial effects like free radical scavenging, antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects are recognized as applicable and have been investigated for their radioprotective properties. Studies in these lines have shown that the fruits of Aegle marmelos (stone apple or bael), Emblica officinalis or Phyllanthus emblica(Indian gooseberry/amla), Eugenia jambolana or Syzygium jambolana (black plum / jamun), Mangifera indica (mango) and Grewia asiatica (phalsa or falsa) that are originally reported to be indigenous to India have been investigated for their usefulness as a radioprotective agent. OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to summarize beneficial effects of the Indian indigenous fruits stone apple, mango, Indian gooseberry, black plum, and phalsa in mitigating radiation-induced side effects, emphasize the underlying mechanism of action for the beneficial effects and address aspects that merit detail investigations for these fruits to move towards clinical application in the near future. METHODS The authors data mined in Google Scholar, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for publications in the field from 1981 up to July 2020. The focus was on the radioprotection and the mechanism responsible for the beneficial effects, and accordingly, the articles were collated and analyzed. RESULTS This article emphasizes the usefulness of stone apple, mango, Indian gooseberry, black plum, and phalsa as radioprotective agents. From a mechanistic view, reports are suggestive that the beneficial effects are mediated by triggering free radical scavenging, antioxidant, anti-mutagenic and anti-inflammatory effects. CONCLUSION For the first time, this review addresses the beneficial effects of mango, Indian gooseberry, black plum, stone apple and phalsa as radioprotective agents. The authors suggest that future studies should be directed at understanding the selective radioprotective effects with tumor-bearing laboratory animals to understand their usefulness as radioprotective drug/s during radiotherapy and as a food supplement to protect people getting exposed to low doses of radiation in occupational settings. Phase I clinical trial studies are also required to ascertain the optimal dose and the schedule to be followed with the standardized extract of these fruits. The most important aspect is that these fruits are a part of the diet, have been consumed since the beginning of mankind, are non-toxic, possess diverse medicinal properties, have easy acceptability all of which will help take research forward and be of benefit to patients, occupational workers, agribased sectors and pharma industries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shamprasad Varija Raghu
- Neurogenetics Lab, Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Karnataka, India
| | - Suresh Rao
- Radiation Oncology, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ponemone Venkatesh
- Research Unit, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanath Kumar Hegde
- Radiation Oncology, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - Paul Simon
- Research Unit, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Manjeshwar Baliga
- Research Unit, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Firke SD, Dhote AM, Patil RR, Shirkhedkar AA, Surana SJ. Natural Antidiabetic Agents: Molecular Docking Study using the Extra Precision Method. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180817999200925164325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most severe, chronic metabolic disorder with
abnormally elevated concentration of plasma glucose levels, leading to significant complications,
such as diabetic neuropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular illnesses.
Objective:
Synthetic drugs have some disadvantages and limitations. Therefore, there is a continuous
global and insisting need for new and better treatment options for Diabetes Mellitus.
Methods:
In this study, 42 natural anti-diabetic constituents like alkaloids, glycosides, and flavonoids
were selected on the basis of mechanism of action on various molecular targets such as Glucokinase
activator, Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARγ), and
α-glucosidase inhibitor. To investigate the potential molecular targets for natural antidiabetcs agents,
molecular docking study was carried out using the Glide module of Schrodinger Suit.
Results:
Interactions of specific amino acid of the targets with the atoms of the chemical constituents
and their Gscore indicate the proper binding of chemical constituents with target. The results revealed
that Myricetin, Quercetin ae interacts with active sites of the target chosen and can be used
for the designing of novel compounds as anti-dibetics.
Conclusion:
Calculated GScore could be used as a preliminary tool for screening of anti-diabetic
drugs before performing experimental activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Dinkar Firke
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R.C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Dist. Dhule, Maharashtra 425405, India
| | - Ashish Madhukar Dhote
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R.C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Dist. Dhule, Maharashtra 425405, India
| | - Ravindra Rohidas Patil
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R.C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Dist. Dhule, Maharashtra 425405, India
| | - Atul Arun Shirkhedkar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R.C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Dist. Dhule, Maharashtra 425405, India
| | - Sanjay Javerilal Surana
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R.C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Dist. Dhule, Maharashtra 425405, India
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Romualdo GR, de Souza IP, de Souza LV, Prata GB, Fraga-Silva TFDC, Sartori A, Borguini RG, Santiago MCPDA, Fernandes AAH, Cogliati B, Barbisan LF. Beneficial effects of anthocyanin-rich peels of Myrtaceae fruits on chemically-induced liver fibrosis and carcinogenesis in mice. Food Res Int 2020; 139:109964. [PMID: 33509514 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arising from fibrosis/cirrhosis is the most common type of primary liver cancer. Conversely, a higher intake of fruits and vegetables might play a protective role in HCC risk. Recently, Myrtaceae family tropical fruits have raised great interest due to the high levels of anthocyanins especially in their peels, which are usually discarded upon consumption. Anthocyanins are antioxidant pigments known to have beneficial effects in vivo/in vitro cancer bioassays. Thus, we evaluated whether dietary Myrciaria jaboticaba, Syzygium cumini, and Syzygium malaccense fruit peel powders reduce fibrosis and hepatocarcinogenesis in mice. Female C3H/HeJ mice were submitted to the model of diethylnitrosamine/carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis and carcinogenesis. Concomitantly, mice received a basal diet containing 2% of M. jaboticaba, S. cumini, or S. malaccense fruit peel powders, obtained by convective drying, for 10 weeks. M. jaboticaba peel powder showed the highest levels of total anthocyanins, while S. cumini peel powder displayed the greatest diversity of these pigments. All Myrtaceae family peel powders reduced the serum levels of the liver injury marker alanine aminotransferase. M. jaboticaba peel feeding reduced the incidence of liver preneoplastic foci, hepatocyte proliferation (Ki-67), and the protein levels of hepato-mitogen tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). M. jaboticaba peel feeding also diminished liver lipid peroxidation and increased total glutathione levels. S. cumini peel feeding reduced hepatic collagen, lipid peroxidation, and TNF-α levels while increased catalase activity. Although S. malaccense peel powder, which displayed the lowest anthocyanin levels, decreased oxidative stress, and cytokine levels, no effects were observed on liver fibrosis or preneoplastic lesion outcomes. Findings indicate a protective effect of anthocyanin-rich M. jaboticaba and S. cumini peel powder feeding on preneoplastic lesion development and fibrosis, respectively. Results indicate that differential biological responses may be attributed to distinct anthocyanin profiles and levels, assigning a functional/market value to the underutilized peel fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Ribeiro Romualdo
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Biosciences Institute, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Isadora Penedo de Souza
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Biosciences Institute, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Vilhegas de Souza
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Biosciences Institute, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Bacil Prata
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Biosciences Institute, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandrina Sartori
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Biosciences Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ana Angélica Henrique Fernandes
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Biosciences Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- University of São Paulo (USP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Pathology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando Barbisan
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Biosciences Institute, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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Ajmer Singh Grewal, Neelam Sharma, Sukhbir Singh, Sandeep Arora. Molecular Docking Studies of Phenolic Compounds from Syzygium cumini with Multiple Targets of Type 2 Diabetes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.15415/jptrm.2018.62009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of type 2 diabetes without any side effects is still a challenge to the medical system. This leads to increasing demand for natural products with antidiabetic activity with fewer side effects. Syzygium cumini is a traditional herbal medicinal plant and is reported to possess a variety of pharmacological actions. It contains various types of chemical constituents including terpenoids, tannins, anthocyanins, flavonoids and other phenolic compounds. Some flavonoids and other phenolic compounds from S. cumini were reported in literature to have type 2 antidiabetic potential. The main objective of the current investigation was in silico screening of some phenolic compounds from S. cumini against multiple targets associated with type 2 diabetes to explore the mechanism of antidiabetic action and prediction of binding mode using molecular docking studies. In silico docking studies were performed for the selected molecules in the binding site of multiple targets associated with type 2 diabetes (α-glucosidas , dipeptidyl peptidase 4, glycogen synthase kinase 3, glucokinase and glucagon receptor). Amongst the compounds tested in silico, rutin showed appreciable binding with multiple targets of type 2 diabetes including α-glucosidase, dipeptidyl peptidase 4, glycogen synthase kinase 3, and glucagon receptor. Catechin was found to inhibit both α-glucosidase, and dipeptidyl peptidase 4. This information can be utilized for the design and development of potent multi-functional candidate drugs with minimal side effects for type 2 diabetes therapeuticsa.
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Jagetia GC. Phytochemical Composition and Pleotropic Pharmacological Properties of Jamun, Syzygium Cumini Skeels. JOURNAL OF EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 2:54-66. [DOI: 10.14218/jerp.2016.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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De Bona KS, Bonfanti G, Bitencourt PER, da Silva TP, Borges RM, Boligon A, Pigatto A, Athayde ML, Moretto MB. Protective effect of gallic acid and Syzygium cumini extract against oxidative stress-induced cellular injury in human lymphocytes. Drug Chem Toxicol 2015; 39:256-63. [PMID: 26364973 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2015.1084631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Syzygium cumini (Myrtaceae) presents antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic and antibacterial effects; however, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of action in the immune system are not yet completely elucidated. OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the in vitro effect of gallic acid and aqueous S. cumini leaf extract (ASc) on adenosine deaminase (ADA) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) activities, cell viability and oxidative stress parameters in lymphocytes exposed to 2, 2'-azobis-2-amidinopropane dihydrochloride (AAPH). MATERIALS AND METHODS Lymphocytes were incubated with ASc (100 and 500 µg/ml) and gallic acid (50 and 200 µM) at 37 °C for 30 min followed by incubation with AAPH (1 mM) at 37 °C for 2 h. After the incubation time, the lymphocytes were used for determinations of ADA, DPP-IV and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, lipid peroxidation, protein thiol (P-SH) group levels and cellular viability by colorimetric methods. RESULTS (i) HPLC fingerprinting of ASc revealed the presence of catechin, epicatechin, rutin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, quercetin, kaempferol and chlorogenic, caffeic, gallic and ellagic acids; (ii) for the first time, ASc reduced the AAPH-induced increase in ADA activity, but no effect was observed on DPP-IV activity; (iii) ASc increased P-SH groups and cellular viability and decreased LDH activity, but was not able to reduce the AAPH-induced lipid peroxidation; (iv) gallic acid showed less protective effects than ASc. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION ASc affects the purinergic system and may modulate adenosine levels, indicating that the extract of this plant exhibits immunomodulatory properties. ASc also may potentially prevent the cellular injury induced by oxidative stress, highlighting its cytoprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Santos De Bona
- a Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Toxicology Analysis, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) , Santa Maria , RS , Brazil
| | - Gabriela Bonfanti
- a Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Toxicology Analysis, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) , Santa Maria , RS , Brazil
| | | | - Thainan Paz da Silva
- b Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, UFSM , Santa Maria , Brazil , and
| | | | - Aline Boligon
- b Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, UFSM , Santa Maria , Brazil , and
| | - Aline Pigatto
- c Franciscan University Center, UNIFRA , Santa Maria , RS , Brazil
| | | | - Maria Beatriz Moretto
- a Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Toxicology Analysis, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) , Santa Maria , RS , Brazil .,b Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, UFSM , Santa Maria , Brazil , and
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Lu Y, Zhang YY, Hu YC, Lu YH. Protective effects of 2',4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in hepatic L02 cell. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 37:1211-8. [PMID: 24469602 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0334-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
2',4'-Dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone (DMC) is a chalcone isolated from the buds of Cleistocalyx operculatus (Roxb.) Merr. et Perry, and the hepatoprotective effects of DMC on Kunming mice have been studied in previous study. However, the effects of DMC on hepatocyte toxicity and corresponding mechanism remain unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective mechanism of DMC in human hepatocytes (L02) treated with H₂O₂. The results demonstrated that pretreatment with DMC effectively protected H₂O₂-induced cell viability loss, cell membrane damage (lactate dehydrogenase, nitric oxide production and caspase-3 accumulation. Besides, DMC pretreatment increased the amount of glutathione, decreased malondialdehyde and the percentage of apoptotic L02 cells compared with only H₂O₂ treated group. Taken together, these results indicated that DMC had hepatoprotective effects against H₂O₂-induced liver injury by alleviating oxidative stress and apoptosis process in L02 cells, and DMC might be a potential candidate for the intervention of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
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Shukla SK, Sharma SB, Singh UR, Ahmad S, Maheshwari A, Misro M, Dwivedi S. Eugenia jambolana pretreatment prevents isoproterenol-induced myocardial damage in rats: evidence from biochemical, molecular, and histopathological studies. J Med Food 2013; 17:244-53. [PMID: 24325453 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.2795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Preventive effects of hydroalcoholic extract of fruit pulp of Eugenia jambolana (HEEJ) on isoproterenol (ISP)-induced myocardial damage in rats were evaluated. Rats were pre-treated with HEEJ (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) daily for 30 days. ISP (85 mg/kg bw) was administered on the 28th and 29th days at an interval of 24 h. Ischemic control group exhibited significant increases in oxidative stress parameters, markers of inflammation, cardiac damage markers, and apoptotic markers. Oral pre-treatment with HEEJ (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg bw) provided cardioprotective activity by decreasing levels of malondialdehyde, cardiac markers (serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, creatine kinase-myocardial band, cardiac troponin I), and markers of inflammation (interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and tumor necrosis factor alpha); and increased levels of superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione. HEEJ (400 mg/kg bw) was found to exert significantly greater effects in comparison to HEEJ (100 and 200 mg/kg bw). Apoptotic marker Bcl-2 was increased, while Bax was decreased in pre-treated rats, which was further confirmed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay. The present study provides evidence that pre-treatment with HEEJ attenuates oxidative stress, apoptosis and improves cardiac architecture in ISP-induced rats and, hence, is cardioprotective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Shukla
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi , Delhi, India
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Ayyanar M, Subash-Babu P, Ignacimuthu S. Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels., a novel therapeutic agent for diabetes: folk medicinal and pharmacological evidences. Complement Ther Med 2013; 21:232-43. [PMID: 23642956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES During the past few decades numerous folk medicinal and scientific investigations on the antidiabetic effects of jambolan (Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels) have been reported. However no comprehensive evidence-based review is available. Hence this review was aimed to summarize the antidiabetic effects of different parts and active principles of jambolan. METHODS The review is based on the available electronic literature indexed in the PubMed. The search terms were: Syzygium cumini, Eugenia jambolana, jambolan, jamun, and java plum with and without antidiabetic effect. RESULTS Based on experimental studies and folk medicinal evidences, we summarized an up to date and comprehensive report on the antidiabetic activity of jambolan. The mode of action of some of the parts and active principles is also included. Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that, different parts of this plant especially fruits, seeds and stem bark were reported for promising activity against diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Till date no review is available for the evidence based preclinical/clinical study of jambolan with its antidiabetic effect. There is an immediate attention need for detailed analysis to identify its active principles. It could be used to produce safer drugs to treat diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muniappan Ayyanar
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Botany, Pachaiyappa's College, Chennai 600 030, Tamil Nadu, India.
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11
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Baliga MS, Fernandes S, Thilakchand KR, D'souza P, Rao S. Scientific validation of the antidiabetic effects of Syzygium jambolanum DC (black plum), a traditional medicinal plant of India. J Altern Complement Med 2012; 19:191-7. [PMID: 23030429 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2011.0752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In spite of the tremendous progress achieved in medical sciences in the last century, the management of diabetes mellitus, a disease as old as mankind, is poor. Diabetes is currently the world's largest endocrine disorder, and estimates are that it affects almost 5% of the population. Ayurveda, the Indian traditional system of medicine, is one of the world's oldest systems to have documented the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes. METHODS Experimental studies performed in accordance with the modern medicine principles have shown that some of the medicinal plants and polyherbal preparations made using the plants used in Ayurveda are effective in preventing both hyperglycemia and its complications. Syzygium jambolanum (Syn Syzygium cumini, Eugenia cumini, Eugenia jambolana), commonly known as black plum and originally indigenous to India, is one of the important antidiabetic plants. RESULTS Jamun has been used in various complementary and alternative systems of medicine and, before the discovery of insulin, was a frontline antidiabetic medication even in Europe. The brew prepared by boiling the Jamun seeds in boiling water has been used in the various traditional systems of medicine in India. CONCLUSIONS This review includes the validated antidiabetic effects of Jamun and some of its compounds. Emphasis is also placed on addressing the various mechanisms of action contributing to the pharmacological effects and the aspects that need future investigations for Jamun to be of clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjeshwar S Baliga
- Department of Research and Development, Father Muller Medical College, Kankanady, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
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12
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Phytochemistry, traditional uses and pharmacology of Eugenia jambolana Lam. (black plum): A review. Food Res Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Popovich DG, Lee Y, Li L, Zhang W. Momordica charantia Seed Extract Reduces Pre-Adipocyte Viability, Affects Lactate Dehydrogenase Release, and Lipid Accumulation in 3T3-L1 Cells. J Med Food 2011; 14:201-8. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David G. Popovich
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yiyu Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Protective effects of Syzygium cumini seed extract against methylmercury-induced sistemic toxicity in neonatal rats. Biometals 2011; 24:349-56. [PMID: 21207116 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-010-9402-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (Sc) belongs to the medicinal plants with an important source of phenolic compounds. Sc has been shown to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Methylmercury (MeHg), a highly toxic environmental pollutant, induces oxidative stress and dysfunction in many cell types. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of aqueous seed extract of Sc (ASc) on MeHg-induced toxicity in rats. Two-day-old rats (P2) received a single dose of MeHg (10 mg/kg) and two doses of ASc (0.9 mg/kg) per os. After two days, the effects of the treatment were investigated in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, kidney, liver and urine samples. Our results demonstrated that N-acetyl-β-D: -glucosaminidase (NAG) activity in the kidney and urine, the lipid peroxidation levels in the liver and kidney samples, as well as the adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in the hippocampus, kidney and liver were higher in MeHg-group when compared to the control group. The administration of ASc reverted the toxic effects of MeHg. It is noteworthy to observe that the main compounds present in the ASc, as gallic acid (the major component), chlorogenic acid and rutin, might be the responsible for such benefit, since they were found to display antioxidant properties.
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Ou Y, Zheng S, Lin L, Li Q. C-phycocyanin from Spirulina maxima protects hepatocytes against oxidative damage induced by H2O2 in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2010.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Liu J, Zhang W, Jing H, Popovich DG. Bog bilberry (Vaccinium uliginosum L.) extract reduces cultured Hep-G2, Caco-2, and 3T3-L1 cell viability, affects cell cycle progression, and has variable effects on membrane permeability. J Food Sci 2010; 75:H103-7. [PMID: 20492295 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01546.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bog bilberry (Vaccinium uliginosum L.) is a blue-pigmented edible berry related to bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and the common blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum). The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a bog bilberry anthocyanin extract (BBAE) on cell growth, membrane permeability, and cell cycle of 2 malignant cancer cell lines, Caco-2 and Hep-G2, and a nonmalignant murine 3T3-L1 cell line. BBAE contained 3 identified anthocyanins. The most abundant anthocyanin was cyanidin-3-glucoside (140.9 +/- 2.6 microg/mg of dry weight), followed by malvidin-3-glucoside (10.3 +/- 0.3 microg/mg) and malvidin-3-galactoside (8.1 +/- 0.4 microg/mg). Hep-G2 LC50 was calculated to be 0.563 +/- 0.04 mg/mL, Caco-2 LC50 was 0.390 +/- 0.30 mg/mL and 0.214 +/- 0.02 mg/mL for 3T3-L1 cells. LDH release, a marker of membrane permeability, was significantly increased in Hep-G2 cells and Caco-2 cells after 48 and 72 h compared to 24 h. The increase was 21% at 48 h and 57% at 72 h in Caco-2 cells and 66% and 139% in Hep-G2 cells compared to 24 h. However, 3T3-L1 cells showed an unexpected significant lower LDH activity (P < or = 0.05) after 72 h of exposure corresponding to a 21% reduction in LDH release. BBAE treatment increased sub-G1 in all 3 cell lines without influencing cells in the G2/M phase. BBAE treatment reduced the growth and increased the accumulation of sub-G1 cells in 2 malignant and 1 nonmalignant cell line; however, the effect on membrane permeability differs considerably between the malignant and nonmalignant cells and may in part be due to differences in cellular membrane composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural Univ., Nr 17 Qinghua East Rd., Beijing, China, 100083
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El-Shenawy NS. Effects of insecticides fenitrothion, endosulfan and abamectin on antioxidant parameters of isolated rat hepatocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 24:1148-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Revised: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 03/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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