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Wellslager B, Roberts J, Chowdhury N, Madan L, Orellana E, Yilmaz Ö. Porphyromonas gingivalis activates Heat-Shock-Protein 27 to drive a LC3C-specific probacterial form of select autophagy that is redox sensitive for intracellular bacterial survival in human gingival mucosa. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.01.601539. [PMID: 39005460 PMCID: PMC11244920 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.01.601539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis , a major oral pathobiont, evades canonical host pathogen clearance in human primary gingival epithelial cells (GECs) by initiating a non-canonical variant of autophagy consisting of Microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3)-rich autophagosomes, which then act as replicative niches. Simultaneously, P. gingivalis inhibits apoptosis and oxidative-stress, including extracellular-ATP (eATP)-mediated reactive-oxygen-species (ROS) production via phosphorylating Heat Shock Protein 27 (HSp27) with the bacterial nucleoside-diphosphate-kinase (Ndk). Here, we have mechanistically identified that P. gingivalis -mediated induction of HSp27 is crucial for the recruitment of the LC3 isoform, LC3C, to drive the formation of live P. gingivalis -containing Beclin1-ATG14-rich autophagosomes that are redox sensitive and non-degrading. HSp27 depletions of both infected GECs and gingiva-mimicking organotypic-culture systems resulted in the collapse of P. gingivalis -mediated autophagosomes, and abolished P. gingivalis -induced LC3C-specific autophagic-flux in a HSp27-dependent manner. Concurrently, HSp27 depletion accompanied by eATP treatment abrogated protracted Beclin 1-ATG14 partnering and decreased live intracellular P. gingivalis levels. These events were only partially restored via treatments with the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), which rescued the cellular redox environment independent of HSp27. Moreover, the temporal phosphorylation of HSp27 by the bacterial Ndk results in HSp27 tightly partnering with LC3C, hindering LC3C canonical cleavage, extending Beclin 1-ATG14 association, and halting canonical maturation. These findings pinpoint how HSp27 pleiotropically serves as a major platform-molecule, redox regulator, and stepwise modulator of LC3C during P. gingivalis -mediated non-canonical autophagy. Thus, our findings can determine specific molecular strategies for interfering with the host-adapted P. gingivalis ' successful mucosal colonization and oral dysbiosis.
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Rajak P, Ganguly A, Sarkar S, Mandi M, Dutta M, Podder S, Khatun S, Roy S. Immunotoxic role of organophosphates: An unseen risk escalating SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 149:112007. [PMID: 33493637 PMCID: PMC7825955 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Consistent gathering of immunotoxic substances on earth is a serious global issue affecting people under pathogenic stress. Organophosphates are among such hazardous compounds that are ubiquitous in nature. They fuel oxidative stress to impair antiviral immune response in living entities. Aside, organophosphates promote cytokine burst and pyroptosis in broncho-alveolar chambers leading to severe respiratory ailments. At present, we witness COVID-19 outbreak caused by SARS-CoV-2. Infection triggers cytokine storm coupled with inflammatory manifestations and pulmonary disorders in patients. Since organophosphate-exposure promotes necroinflammation and respiratory troubles hence during current pandemic situation, additional exposure to such chemicals can exacerbate inflammatory outcome and pulmonary maladies in patients, or pre-exposure to organophosphates might turn-out to be a risk factor for compromised immunity. Fortunately, antioxidants alleviate organophosphate-induced immunosuppression and hence under co-exposure circumstances, dietary intake of antioxidants would be beneficial to boost immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Rajak
- Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, West Bengal, India.
| | - Abhratanu Ganguly
- Post Graduate Department of Zoology, A.B.N. Seal College, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India.
| | - Saurabh Sarkar
- Department of Zoology, Gushkara Mahavidyalaya, Gushkara, Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal, India.
| | - Moutushi Mandi
- Toxicology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal, India.
| | - Moumita Dutta
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
| | - Sayanti Podder
- Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Salma Khatun
- Department of Zoology, Krishna Chandra College, Hetampur, West Bengal, India.
| | - Sumedha Roy
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium.
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Salari A, Roshanaei K, Rasoulian B, Fard JK. Carvacrol loaded beta cyclodextrin-alginate-chitosan based nanoflowers attenuates renal toxicity induced by malathion and parathion: A comparative toxicity. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 172:104747. [PMID: 33518056 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Most of approximately 1.8 billion people involved in agriculture protect their food products using pesticides especially insecticides which may remain in foods as pesticide residues. Among insecticides organophosphates such as malathion have been widely used around the world and others such as parathion has been restricted because of their toxicity. Carvacrol (CAR) is the main component of Satureja khuzestanica. Since chemical composition of foods can alter toxicity of pesticides, in this work, the effect of coadministration of CAR and organophosphates on renal function has been studied and compared with the effect of coadministration of carvacrol loaded beta cyclodextrin-alginate-chitosan (BAC) based nanoflowers. Serum levels of urea and creatinine and histological examination were analyzed after 10 days of administration of chemicals. Malathion and parathion significantly increased urea and creatinine and induced renal inflammation. However, coadministration of CAR or BAC-CAR modified urea and creatinine and improved renal inflammation. BAC-CAR modified serum levels of urea more efficient than CAR (P < 0.05). It is concluded that BAC could be considered as a carrier for drugs used to treat renal disorders. Carvacrol can be used in the formulation of organophosphate pesticides, which may control pests more efficiently than conventional organophosphate pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Salari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran
| | - Kambiz Roshanaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran
| | - Bahram Rasoulian
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Javad Khalili Fard
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran; Hepatitis Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
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Mandal M, Jaiswal P, Mishra A. Curcumin loaded nanoparticles reversed monocrotophos induced motor impairment and memory deficit: Role of oxidative stress and intracellular calcium level. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Mohammadzadeh L, Abnous K, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. Crocin-protected malathion-induced spatial memory deficits by inhibiting TAU protein hyperphosphorylation and antiapoptotic effects. Nutr Neurosci 2019; 23:221-236. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2018.1492772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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El-Maddawy ZK, El-Sayed YS. Comparative analysis of the protective effects of curcumin and N-acetyl cysteine against paracetamol-induced hepatic, renal, and testicular toxicity in Wistar rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:3468-3479. [PMID: 29152699 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0750-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the possible protective role of curcumin (CUR) vs. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) against paracetamol (PCM)-induced oxidative damage and impairment of liver, kidney, and testicular functions, as well as hematotoxicity, in albino rats. A large single dose of PCM induced lipid peroxidation along with a significant decline in glutathione content and catalase activity in the liver, kidneys, and testicles. The apparent oxidative damage was associated with evident hepatic, renal, and testicular dysfunction, which was confirmed in histopathological lesions, and increased serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase activities. PCM decreased serum total protein, albumin, and globulin contents; increased bilirubin, urea, and creatinine contents; and induced hematotoxicity. PCM also reduced the sperm cell count, sperm motility, and alive sperm rate and increased the sperm abnormality rate. Pretreatment of PCM-intoxicated animals with CUR or NAC substantially alleviated the increase in malondialdehyde and maintained the antioxidants at control levels. These pretreatments also minimized liver, kidney, and testicular histopathological changes and normalized their functions. CUR similarly mitigated the PCM hemato- and hepatotoxicity compared with NAC. However, it exhibited a pronounced nephroprotection, rather than reproductive protection as did NAC. Our findings demonstrate that a large single dose of PCM is not only associated with hepatotoxicity but also nephrotoxicity and reproductive toxicity. Both CUR and NAC administration provided substantial organ protection with pronounced efficacy against PCM nephrotoxicity with CUR and reproductive toxicity with NAC, which was possibly mediated through their antioxidant activities, as well as their specific characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Kh El-Maddawy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, 22758, Egypt
| | - Yasser S El-Sayed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt.
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Ahmed T, Goel V, Banerjee BD. Propoxur-induced oxidative DNA damage in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: protective effects of curcumin and α-tocopherol. Drug Chem Toxicol 2017; 41:128-134. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2017.1321010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanzeel Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, IFTM University, Lodhipur Rajput, Moradabad, India
| | - Vasu Goel
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, IFTM University, Lodhipur Rajput, Moradabad, India
| | - B. D. Banerjee
- Enivironmental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Ramirez-Vargas MA, Huerta-Beristain G, Guzman-Guzman IP, Alarcon-Romero LDC, Flores-Alfaro E, Rojas-Garcia AE, Moreno-Godinez ME. Methamidophos induces cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:147-155. [PMID: 26589457 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that organophosphate pesticide (OP) exposure is associated with oxidative stress. Methamidophos (MET) is an OP widely used in agriculture, which is regarded as a highly toxic pesticide and it is a potent inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether MET can induce oxidative stress at low concentrations in primary cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). PBMCs from healthy individuals were exposed to MET (0-80 mg/L) for 0-72 h. We performed the MTT and neutral-red assays to assess the cytotoxicity. As indicators of oxidative stress, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed using flow cytometry, and the malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were determined. MET decreased the viability of PBMCs in a dose-dependent manner. At concentrations of 3, 10, or 20 mg/L for 24 h, MET increased the ROS production significantly compared with the vehicle control. Similarly, MET increased the levels of MDA at the same concentrations that increased ROS (10 and 20 mg/L); however, no changes in GSH levels were observed. These results suggest that MET increased the generation of oxidative stress in PBMCs. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 147-155, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Antonio Ramirez-Vargas
- Laboratorio De Toxicologia Y Salud Ambiental. Unidad Academica De Ciencias Quimico Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma De Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Huerta-Beristain
- Laboratorio De Toxicologia Y Salud Ambiental. Unidad Academica De Ciencias Quimico Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma De Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Iris Paola Guzman-Guzman
- Laboratorio De Investigacion En Obesidad Y Diabetes. Unidad Academica De Ciencias Quimico Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma De Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Luz Del Carmen Alarcon-Romero
- Laboratorio De Enfermedades Cronico Degenerativas. Unidad Academica De Ciencias Quimico Biologicas, Mexico, Universidad Autonoma De Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Eugenia Flores-Alfaro
- Laboratorio De Enfermedades Cronico Degenerativas. Unidad Academica De Ciencias Quimico Biologicas, Mexico, Universidad Autonoma De Guerrero, Mexico
| | | | - Ma Elena Moreno-Godinez
- Laboratorio De Toxicologia Y Salud Ambiental. Unidad Academica De Ciencias Quimico Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma De Guerrero, Mexico
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Ahmed T, Banerjee BD. HSP27 modulates survival signaling in endosulfan-exposed human peripheral blood mononuclear cells treated with curcumin. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 35:695-704. [PMID: 26242398 DOI: 10.1177/0960327115597986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Endosulfan, a well-known organochlorine pesticide, induces apoptosis and depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Thus, for the amelioration of its effect, antioxidant and antiapoptotic potential of curcumin was evaluated. For ascertaining the attenuating effect of curcumin, various biochemical indices of cell damage such as cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis (phosphatidylserine externalization, DNA fragmentation, and cytochrome c) in human PBMC was evaluated following endosulfan exposure (0-100 µM). To assess the role of HSP27 on endosulfan-induced apoptosis, the expression of HSP27 was examined. Curcumin (25 µM) increased cell viability significantly. As evident from the restoration of GSH, antiapoptotic potential was directly proportional to their antioxidant nature of curcumin. The present study indicates that the beneficial effect of curcumin on endosulfan-induced cytotoxicity is related to the induced synthesis of HSP27, emphasizing its antioxidant and therapeutic potential as well as underscoring the mechanism of pesticide-induced toxicity at cellular level. Taken together, these findings suggest that curcumin protects against endosulfan-induced immunotoxicity in human PBMC by attenuating apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ahmed
- School of Biotechnology, IFTM University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - B D Banerjee
- Environmental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
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Rezaee R, Jamialahmadi K, Riahi Zanjani B, Mahmoudi M, Abnous K, Zamani Taghizadeh Rabe S, Tabasi N, Zali M, Rezaee M, Amin B, Karimi G. Crocin Effects on Human Myeloma Cells Regarding Intracellular Redox State, DNA Fragmentation, and Apoptosis or Necrosis Profile. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2014; 9:e20131. [PMID: 25625054 PMCID: PMC4302399 DOI: 10.17795/jjnpp-20131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Well-documented studies reported several pharmacological properties for crocin, the active compound of Crocus sativus, such as its antitumor, radical scavenging, antidepressant, and memory-enhancing effects. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the possible cytotoxic activity of crocin on B lymphocytes in human myeloma (U266 cell line) after 24- and 48-hour treatment. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, cell viability was determined by the colorimetric MTT assay and cell death pattern was evaluated using Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide (PI) apoptosis detection kit. ROS (reactive oxygen species) production and DNA fragmentation were assessed using 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) kit and PI staining, respectively. Results: The highest concentration of crocin significantly decreased ROS production after 48 hours of treatment. However, crocin had no effect on the expression level of HSP (Heat shock protein). Additionally, its administration caused a mild decline in cell viability and a mild increase in the population of DNA fragmented cells as well as apoptosis. Conclusions: In our study, no prominent effect was seen; therefore, in order to have a better perspective of crocin activity against cancerous cell lines, further studies are highly recommended.
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Kaur S, Singh S, Chahal KS, Prakash A. Potential pharmacological strategies for the improved treatment of organophosphate-induced neurotoxicity. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 92:893-911. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphates (OP) are highly toxic compounds that cause cholinergic neuronal excitotoxicity and dysfunction by irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, resulting in delayed brain damage. This delayed secondary neuronal destruction, which arises primarily in the cholinergic areas of the brain that contain dense accumulations of cholinergic neurons and the majority of cholinergic projection, could be largely responsible for persistent profound neuropsychiatric and neurological impairments such as memory, cognitive, mental, emotional, motor, and sensory deficits in the victims of OP poisoning. The therapeutic strategies for reducing neuronal brain damage must adopt a multifunctional approach to the various steps of brain deterioration: (i) standard treatment with atropine and related anticholinergic compounds; (ii) anti-excitotoxic therapies to prevent cerebral edema, blockage of calcium influx, inhibition of apoptosis, and allow for the control of seizure; (iii) neuroprotection by aid of antioxidants and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists (multifunctional drug therapy), to inhibit/limit the secondary neuronal damage; and (iv) therapies targeting chronic neuropsychiatric and neurological symptoms. These neuroprotective strategies may prevent secondary neuronal damage in both early and late stages of OP poisoning, and thus may be a beneficial approach to treating the neuropsychological and neuronal impairments resulting from OP toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsherjit Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
- Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala 144601, Punjab, India
| | - Satinderpal Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Karan Singh Chahal
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Atish Prakash
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
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Protective Effect of Silymarin against Acrolein-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:352091. [PMID: 23320028 PMCID: PMC3535759 DOI: 10.1155/2012/352091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive α,β-unsaturated aldehydes such as acrolein (ACR) are major components of environmental pollutants and have been implicated in the neurodegenerative and cardiac diseases. In this study, the protective effect of silymarin (SN) against cardiotoxicity induced by ACR in mice was evaluated. Studies were performed on seven groups of six animals each, including vehicle-control (normal saline + 0.5% w/v methylcellulose), ACR (7.5 mg/kg/day, gavage) for 3 weeks, SN (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg/day, i.p.) plus ACR, vitamin E (Vit E, 100 IU/kg, i.p.) plus ACR, and SN (100 mg/kg, i.p.) groups. Mice received SN 7 days before ACR and daily thereafter throughout the study. Pretreatment with SN attenuated ACR-induced increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), as well as histopathological changes in cardiac tissues. Moreover, SN improved glutathione (GSH) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities in heart of ACR-treated mice. Western blot analysis showed that SN pretreatment inhibited apoptosis provoked by ACR through decreasing Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cytosolic cytochrome c content, and cleaved caspase-3 level in heart. In conclusion, SN may have protective effects against cardiotoxicity of ACR by reducing lipid peroxidation, renewing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and preventing apoptosis.
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Chae JI, Kim J, Lee SG, Koh MW, Jeon YJ, Kim DW, Ko SM, Seo KS, Lee HK, Choi NJ, Cho SK, Ryu J, Kang S, Lee DS, Chung HM, Koo DB. Quantitative proteomic analysis of pregnancy-related proteins from peripheral blood mononuclear cells during pregnancy in pigs. Anim Reprod Sci 2012; 134:164-76. [PMID: 22917877 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Information obtained from peripheral blood could help us understand the underlying mechanisms in autoimmune diseases, cancer, pregnancy, and other conditions. In this paper, we present the protein map of porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to better understand the molecular expression changes that occur during pregnancy using proteomic analysis. We detected 94 differentially expressed proteins in pregnant vs. non-pregnant (NP) pigs, and a representative set of the proteins was subjected to LC-MS/MS analysis. Furthermore, the identified proteins were categorized according to their biological process and molecular function. By classifying the proteins according to their functions, a large number of differentially regulated proteins involved in anti-oxidant, detoxification and stress response pathways were found, including peroxiredoxin (PRX) 1, 2, and 6, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), annexin A2, and A6, and heat shock protein 27 (HSP 27) during pregnancy (pregnancy d of E40, embryonic day 40; E70, embryonic day 70; and E93, embryonic day 93) compared with non-pregnancy. In this study, a proteomic approach utilizing 2-DE and LC-MS/MS was applied to evaluate specific molecular expression changes during pregnancy compared with non-pregnancy. Together, these data offer new information about the proteome map and factors that are differentially regulated during maintenance of normal pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Il Chae
- Department of Oral Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Dental Bioscience, BK21 Project, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Mostafalou S, Abdollahi M, Eghbal MA, Saeedi Kouzehkonani N. Protective effect of NAC against malathion-induced oxidative stress in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes. Adv Pharm Bull 2012; 2:79-88. [PMID: 24312774 DOI: 10.5681/apb.2012.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Induction of oxidative stress by Organophosphate compounds (OPs) has been previously reported. In the present work, the mechanism of protective effects of N-acetylcysteine as a glutathion (GSH) prodrug against malathion-induced cell toxicity was investigated. In this work, freshly isolated rat hepatocytes were used to determine the effect of NAC on malathion-induced cytotoxicity, formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial dysfunction. METHODS Rat hepatocytes were isolated using collagenase perfusion and then cell viability, mitchondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ROS formation were determined using trypan blue exclusion, Rhodamine 123 fluorescence and fluorogenic probe, 2', 7' -dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA), respectively. RESULTS Despite the protective effect of NAC on malathion-induced cell toxicity and MMP dysfunction, its efficacy against ROS formation was not adequate to completely protect the cells. CONCLUSION Cytotoxic effects of malathion regardless of its cholinergic feature, is started with gradual free radical production but, the main factor that causes cell death, is mitochondrial dysfunction, so that reduction of ROS formation alone is not sufficient for cell survival, and the maintenance of mitochondrial integrity through different mechanisms is the most ameliorative factor specially at high levels of cell damage, as NAC seemed to protect cells with various fashions apart from ROS scavenging in concentrations higher than malathion's LC50.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mostafalou
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. ; Students Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Sandhir R, Sood A, Mehrotra A, Kamboj SS. N-Acetylcysteine reverses mitochondrial dysfunctions and behavioral abnormalities in 3-nitropropionic acid-induced Huntington's disease. NEURODEGENER DIS 2012; 9:145-57. [PMID: 22327485 DOI: 10.1159/000334273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a major event involved in the pathogenesis of Huntington's disease (HD). The present study evaluates the role of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) in preventing mitochondrial dysfunctions in a 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP)-induced model of HD. Administration of 3-NP to rats (Wistar strain) resulted in significant inhibition of mitochondrial complexes II, IV and V in the striatum. However, no significant effect on complex I was observed. Increased generation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation was observed in mitochondria of 3-NP-treated animals. Endogenous antioxidants (thiols and manganese-superoxide dismutase) were lowered in mitochondria of 3-NP-treated animals. 3-NP-treated animals showed increased cytosolic cytochrome c levels and mitochondrial swelling. Increased expressions of caspase-3 and p53 were also observed in 3-NP-treated animals. Histopathological examination of the striata of 3-NP-treated animals revealed increased neural space, neurodegeneration and gliosis. This was accompanied by cognitive and motor deficits. NAC treatment, on the other hand, was found to be effective in reversing 3-NP-induced mitochondrial dysfunctions and neurobehavioral deficits. Our findings suggest a beneficial effect of NAC in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Sandhir
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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Ahmed T, Pathak R, Mustafa MD, Kar R, Tripathi AK, Ahmed RS, Banerjee BD. Ameliorating effect of N-acetylcysteine and curcumin on pesticide-induced oxidative DNA damage in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2011; 179:293-299. [PMID: 21049288 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-010-1736-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Endosulfan, malathion, and phosphamidon are widely used pesticides. Subchronic exposure to these contaminants commonly affects the central nervous system, immune, gastrointestinal, renal, and reproductive system. There effects have been attributed to increased oxidative stress. This study was conducted to examine the role of oxidative stress in genotoxicity following pesticide exposure using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in vitro. Further possible attenuation of genotoxicity was studied using N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and curcumin as known modulators of oxidative stress. Cultured mononuclear cells was isolated from peripheral blood of healthy volunteers, and exposed to varying concentrations of different pesticides: endosulfan, malathion, and phosphamidon for 6, 12, and 24 h. Lipid peroxidation was assessed by cellular malondialdehyde (MDA) level and DNA damage was quantified by measuring 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) using ELISA. Both MDA and 8-OH-dG were significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner following treatment with these pesticides. There was a significant decrease in MDA and 8-OH-dG levels in PBMC when co-treated with NAC or/and curcumin as compared to pesticide alone. These results indicate that pesticide-induced oxidative stress is probably responsible for the DNA damage, and NAC or curcumin attenuate this effect by counteracting the oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzeel Ahmed
- Environmental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital (University of Delhi), Dilshad Garden, Delhi, 110 095, India
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HU RUICHENG, OUYANG QING, DAI AIGUO, TAN SHUANGXIANG, XIAO ZHIQIANG, TANG CENE. Heat shock protein 27 and cyclophilin A associate with the pathogenesis of COPD. Respirology 2011; 16:983-93. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2011.01993.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Ahmed T, Tripathi AK, Ahmed RS, Banerjee BD. Assessment of phosphamidon-induced apoptosis in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: Protective effects of N-acetylcysteine and curcumin. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2010; 24:286-92. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.20337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Sinha-Hikim I, Shen R, Paul Lee WNN, Crum A, Vaziri ND, Norris KC. Effects of a novel cystine-based glutathione precursor on oxidative stress in vascular smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2010; 299:C638-42. [PMID: 20592243 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00434.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, which is largely mediated by oxidative stress. We investigated the effect of three glutathione (GSH) precursors: N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), cystine as the physiological carrier of cysteine in GSH with added selenomethionine (F1), and NAC fortified with selenomethionine (F2) on oxidative stress induced by spermine (a uremic toxin) in cultured human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). VSMC were exposed to spermine (15 microM) with or without the given antioxidants (dose 50, 100, 200, and 500 microg/ml) or vehicle (control) and assessed for intracellular GSH levels, 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (4-HNE), and incorporation of 13C from glucose into alanine and protein. Spermine exposure reduced intracellular GSH levels, increased 4-HNE, and impaired glucose metabolism through reduction in pyruvate generation and/or transamination. Treatment with NAC had no effect on intracellular glutathione level. In contrast, F1 maintained intracellular GSH at control levels at all four doses. Subsequent studies performed with 200 microg/ml of F1, F2, or NAC (optimal dose) revealed normalization of 4-HNE, whereas restoration of 13C from glucose to alanine or protein to control values was only noted in the F1 group. Spermine-induced alterations in VSMC ultrastructure were prevented in approximately 90% of cells treated with F1 but only approximately 50% of cells treated with either NAC or F2. In conclusion, F1 was more effective than NAC or F2 in ameliorating spermine-induced reduction in intracellular GSH levels and cellular alterations in VSMC. The cystine-based GSH precursor (F1) is a promising antioxidant, and further studies are needed to examine the effect of this compound in preventing CKD-associated vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrani Sinha-Hikim
- Dept. of Medicine, Charles Drew Univ., 1731 E. 120th St., Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA.
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