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Crudo F, Hong C, Varga E, Del Favero G, Marko D. Genotoxic and Mutagenic Effects of the Alternaria Mycotoxin Alternariol in Combination with the Process Contaminant Acrylamide. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:670. [PMID: 38133174 PMCID: PMC10748053 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15120670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans are constantly exposed to mixtures of different xenobiotics through their diet. One emerging concern is the Alternaria mycotoxin alternariol (AOH), which can occur in foods typically contaminated by the process contaminant acrylamide (AA). AA is a byproduct of the Maillard reaction produced in carbohydrate-rich foods during thermal processing. Given the genotoxic properties of AOH and AA as single compounds, as well as their potential co-occurrence in food, this study aimed to assess the cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic effects of these compounds in combination. Genotoxicity was assessed in HepG2 cells by quantifying the phosphorylation of the histone γ-H2AX, induced as a response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Mutagenicity was tested in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 by applying the Ames microplate format test. Our results showed the ability of AOH and AA to induce DSBs and increase revertant numbers in S. typhimurium TA100, with AOH being more potent than AA. However, no synergistic effects were observed during the combined treatments. Notably, the results of the study suggest that the compounds exert mutagenic effects primarily through base pair substitutions. In summary, the data indicate no immediate cause for concern regarding synergistic health risks associated with the consumption of foods co-contaminated with AOH and AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Crudo
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38–40, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (F.C.); (C.H.); (E.V.); (G.D.F.)
| | - Chenyifan Hong
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38–40, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (F.C.); (C.H.); (E.V.); (G.D.F.)
| | - Elisabeth Varga
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38–40, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (F.C.); (C.H.); (E.V.); (G.D.F.)
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38–40, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (F.C.); (C.H.); (E.V.); (G.D.F.)
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38–40, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (F.C.); (C.H.); (E.V.); (G.D.F.)
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Volpes S, Cruciata I, Ceraulo F, Schimmenti C, Naselli F, Pinna C, Mauro M, Picone P, Dallavalle S, Nuzzo D, Pinto A, Caradonna F. Nutritional epigenomic and DNA-damage modulation effect of natural stilbenoids. Sci Rep 2023; 13:658. [PMID: 36635363 PMCID: PMC9837110 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27260-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present work is the evaluation of biological effects of natural stilbenoids found in Vitis vinifera, with a focus on their activity as epigenetic modulators. In the present study, resveratrol, pterostilbene and for the first time their dimers (±)-trans-δ-viniferin, (±)-trans-pterostilbene dehydrodimer were evaluated in Caco-2 and HepG-2 cell lines as potential epigenetic modulators. Stilbenoids were added in a Caco-2 cell culture as a model of the intestinal epithelial barrier and in the HepG-2 as a model of hepatic environment, to verify their dose-dependent toxicity, ability to interact with DNA, and epigenomic action. Resveratrol, pterostilbene, and (±)-trans-pterostilbene dehydrodimer were found to have no toxic effects at tested concentration and were effective in reversing arsenic damage in Caco-2 cell lines. (±)-trans-δ-viniferin showed epigenomic activity, but further studies are needed to clarify its mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Volpes
- grid.10776.370000 0004 1762 5517Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, (STEBICEF - Sezione di Biologia Cellulare), Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Ilenia Cruciata
- grid.10776.370000 0004 1762 5517Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, (STEBICEF - Sezione di Biologia Cellulare), Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Federica Ceraulo
- grid.10776.370000 0004 1762 5517Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, (STEBICEF - Sezione di Biologia Cellulare), Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Schimmenti
- grid.10776.370000 0004 1762 5517Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, (STEBICEF - Sezione di Biologia Cellulare), Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Flores Naselli
- grid.10776.370000 0004 1762 5517Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, (STEBICEF - Sezione di Biologia Cellulare), Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Cecilia Pinna
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l’Ambiente, DeFENS, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Mauro
- grid.251993.50000000121791997Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women’s Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Michael F. Price Center 1301 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
| | - Pasquale Picone
- grid.10776.370000 0004 1762 5517Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, (STEBICEF - Sezione di Biologia Cellulare), Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy ,grid.510483.bIstituto per la Ricerca e l’Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Ugo la Malfa, 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Sabrina Dallavalle
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l’Ambiente, DeFENS, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Domenico Nuzzo
- grid.10776.370000 0004 1762 5517Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, (STEBICEF - Sezione di Biologia Cellulare), Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy ,grid.510483.bIstituto per la Ricerca e l’Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Ugo la Malfa, 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Pinto
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, DeFENS, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Fabio Caradonna
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, (STEBICEF - Sezione di Biologia Cellulare), Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy. .,Istituto per la Ricerca e l'Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Ugo la Malfa, 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy.
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Luparello C, Cruciata I, Joerger AC, Ocasio CA, Jones R, Tareque RK, Bagley MC, Spencer J, Walker M, Austin C, Ferrara T, D′Oca P, Bellina R, Branni R, Caradonna F. Genotoxicity and Epigenotoxicity of Carbazole-Derived Molecules on MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073410. [PMID: 33810274 PMCID: PMC8038095 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The carbazole compounds PK9320 (1-(9-ethyl-7-(furan-2-yl)-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-N-methylmethanamine) and PK9323 (1-(9-ethyl-7-(thiazol-4-yl)-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-N-methylmethanamine), second-generation analogues of PK083 (1-(9-ethyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-N-methylmethanamine), restore p53 signaling in Y220C p53-mutated cancer cells by binding to a mutation-induced surface crevice and acting as molecular chaperones. In the present paper, these three molecules have been tested for mutant p53-independent genotoxic and epigenomic effects on wild-type p53 MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cells, employing a combination of Western blot for phospho-γH2AX histone, Comet assay and methylation-sensitive arbitrarily primed PCR to analyze their intrinsic DNA damage-inducing and DNA methylation-changing abilities. We demonstrate that small modifications in the substitution patterns of carbazoles can have profound effects on their intrinsic genotoxic and epigenetic properties, with PK9320 and PK9323 being eligible candidates as “anticancer compounds” and “anticancer epi-compounds” and PK083 a “damage-corrective” compound on human breast adenocarcinoma cells. Such different properties may be exploited for their use as anticancer agents and chemical probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Luparello
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (I.C.); (T.F.); (P.D.); (R.B.); (R.B.)
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (J.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Ilenia Cruciata
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (I.C.); (T.F.); (P.D.); (R.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Andreas C. Joerger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Cory A. Ocasio
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK; (C.A.O.); (R.J.); (R.K.T.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Rhiannon Jones
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK; (C.A.O.); (R.J.); (R.K.T.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Raysa Khan Tareque
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK; (C.A.O.); (R.J.); (R.K.T.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Mark C. Bagley
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK; (C.A.O.); (R.J.); (R.K.T.); (M.C.B.)
| | - John Spencer
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK; (C.A.O.); (R.J.); (R.K.T.); (M.C.B.)
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (J.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Martin Walker
- Eurofins Integrated Discovery UK Ltd., Fyfield Business & Research Park, Fyfield Road, Ongar, Essex CM5 0GS, UK; (M.W.); (C.A.)
| | - Carol Austin
- Eurofins Integrated Discovery UK Ltd., Fyfield Business & Research Park, Fyfield Road, Ongar, Essex CM5 0GS, UK; (M.W.); (C.A.)
| | - Tiziana Ferrara
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (I.C.); (T.F.); (P.D.); (R.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Pietro D′Oca
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (I.C.); (T.F.); (P.D.); (R.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Rossella Bellina
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (I.C.); (T.F.); (P.D.); (R.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Rossella Branni
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (I.C.); (T.F.); (P.D.); (R.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Fabio Caradonna
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (I.C.); (T.F.); (P.D.); (R.B.); (R.B.)
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (J.S.); (F.C.)
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Caradonna F, Cruciata I, Luparello C. Nutrigenetics, nutrigenomics and phenotypic outcomes of dietary low-dose alcohol consumption in the suppression and induction of cancer development: evidence from in vitro studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:2122-2139. [PMID: 33287559 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1850416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It is known that the intake of alcoholic beverages may impair genetic and epigenetic regulatory events with consequent crucial effects on cell phenotypes and that its association with selected genotypes can lead to a different risk of cancer in the population. The aim of this review is to pick up selected studies on this topic and recapitulate some of the biochemical and nutrigenetic/nutrigenomic aspects involved in the impact of dietary low-dose alcohol consumption on the switching-on or -off of tumorigenic pathways. These include i) the existence of predisposing or protective human genotypes and the relationship between dietary compounds and alcohol in the promotion or inhibition of carcinogenesis; ii) the effects of other components of alcoholic drinks in the modulation of the expression of oncogenes and oncosuppressors, the autophagic flux and the onset of apoptosis, with examples of their cytospecificity; and iii) the role of alcoholic beverage consumption within particular dietary regimens, including the Mediterranean diet. Taking all the data into account, several alcohol-associated bioactive dietary compounds appear capable to modulate peculiar intracellular pathways predisposing to or protecting from cancer. Advances in the nutrigenetic, nutrigenomic and nutriepigenetic knowledge complementing the biochemical and molecular approaches will help in unveiling their impact on health outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Caradonna
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ilenia Cruciata
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudio Luparello
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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5
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Science and Healthy Meals in the World: Nutritional Epigenomics and Nutrigenetics of the Mediterranean Diet. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061748. [PMID: 32545252 PMCID: PMC7353392 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean Diet (MD), UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, has become a scientific topic of high interest due to its health benefits. The aim of this review is to pick up selected studies that report nutrigenomic or nutrigenetic data and recapitulate some of the biochemical/genomic/genetic aspects involved in the positive health effects of the MD. These include (i) the antioxidative potential of its constituents with protective effects against several diseases; (ii) the epigenetic and epigenomic effects exerted by food components, such as Indacaxanthin, Sulforaphane, and 3-Hydroxytyrosol among others, and their involvement in the modulation of miRNA expression; (iii) the existence of predisposing or protective human genotypes due to allelic diversities and the impact of the MD on disease risk. A part of the review is dedicated to the nutrigenomic effects of the main cooking methods used in the MD and also to a comparative analysis of the nutrigenomic properties of the MD and other diet regimens and non-MD-related aliments. Taking all the data into account, the traditional MD emerges as a diet with a high antioxidant and nutrigenomic modulation power, which is an example of the “Environment-Livings-Environment” relationship and an excellent patchwork of interconnected biological actions working toward human health.
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Mannino G, Caradonna F, Cruciata I, Lauria A, Perrone A, Gentile C. Melatonin reduces inflammatory response in human intestinal epithelial cells stimulated by interleukin-1β. J Pineal Res 2019; 67:e12598. [PMID: 31349378 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is the main secretory product of the pineal gland, and it is involved in the regulation of periodic events. A melatonin production independent of the photoperiod is typical of the gut. However, the local physiological role of melatonin at the intestinal tract is poorly characterized. In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activities of melatonin in an in vitro model of inflamed intestinal epithelium. To this purpose, we assessed different parameters usually associated with intestinal inflammation using IL-1β-stimulated Caco-2 cells. Differentiated monolayers of Caco-2 cells were preincubated with melatonin (1 nmol/L-50 μmol/L) and then exposed to IL-1β. After each treatment, different inflammatory mediators, DNA-breakage, and global DNA methylation status were assayed. To evaluate the involvement of melatonin membrane receptors, we also exposed differentiated monolayers to melatonin in the presence of luzindole, a MT1 and MT2 antagonist. Our results showed that melatonin, at concentrations similar to those obtained in the lumen gut after ingestion of dietary supplements for the treatment of sleep disorders, was able to attenuate the inflammatory response induced by IL-1β. Anti-inflammatory effects were expressed as both a decrease of the levels of inflammatory mediators, including IL-6, IL-8, COX-2, and NO, and a reduced increase in paracellular permeability. Moreover, the protection was associated with a reduced NF-κB activation and a prevention of DNA demethylation. Conversely, luzindole did not reverse the melatonin inhibition of stimulated-IL-6 release. In conclusion, our findings suggest that melatonin, through a local action, can modulate inflammatory processes at the intestinal level, offering new opportunities for a multimodal management of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mannino
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Caradonna
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ilenia Cruciata
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Lauria
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Perrone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carla Gentile
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Luparello C, Librizzi M, Asaro DML, Cruciata I, Caradonna F. Mid-region parathyroid hormone-related protein is a genome-wide chromatin-binding factor that promotes growth and differentiation of HB2 epithelial cells from the human breast. Biofactors 2019; 45:279-288. [PMID: 30561100 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Human parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is a polyhormone that undergoes proteolytic cleavage producing smaller peptides which exert diversified biological effects. PTHrP signalization is prominently involved in breast development and physiology, but the studies have been focused onto either N-terminal species or full-length protein introduced by gene transfer techniques. Our present work investigates for the first time the effect of the mid-region PTHrP secretory form, that is, the fragment [38-94], on HB2 non-tumoral breast epithelial cells. We examined viability/proliferation of cells grown in PTHrP-containing media supplemented with different serum concentration and on different substrates, extending our investigation to check whether (a) by analogy with MDA-MB231 cells, also HB2 cell chromatin possesses genome-wide binding sites for mid-region PTHrP, and (b) the peptide is endowed with modulating properties toward the expression of proliferation/differentiation signatures by HB2 cells. Our results indicate that mid-region PTHrP acts as a cell growth/differentiation stimulator in routine and "nutrient stress" culture conditions, accordingly reprogramming gene expression, and is able to bind to cytogenetic preparations from HB2 cells. This supports the concept that the physiological mechanisms involving PTHrP during breast development may include mature processed forms of the protein different from the N-terminal fragment. © 2018 BioFactors, 45(2):279-288, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Luparello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mariangela Librizzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Dalia M L Asaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ilenia Cruciata
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Caradonna
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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8
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Effect of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions associated with antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2018; 27:363-371. [PMID: 28799976 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the association between environmental factors and genetic variations in enzymes that metabolize antituberculosis (anti-TB) drugs [arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2, cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1), and glutathione S-transferase mu 1] with antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity (ATDH). We also investigated the potential gene-gene and gene-environment interactions as well as their association with ATDH development in a population of hospitalized TB patients from Buenos Aires. PATIENTS AND METHODS We investigated 364 TB patients who received anti-TB drugs. Physicians collected demographic and clinical data to identify environmental risk factors for ATDH development. Polymorphisms were detected using gene sequencing, PCR, and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphisms. A binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to compare the results of TB patients with and without the development of hepatotoxicity. The multifactor dimensionality reduction method was used to examine genetic and environmental interactions in association with ATDH. RESULTS This study suggests that the slow acetylator profile [odds ratio (OR): 3.02; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.82-5.00; P<0.001], genotypes carrying the c2 variant (OR: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.33-3.51; P=0.002) or the A4 variant of CYP2E1 (OR: 2.13; 95% CI: 1.06-4.29; P=0.050), and female sex (OR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.20-3.14; P=0.006) were independent predictor variables for ATDH. Patients carrying the slow acetylator profile and the c2 variant showed an increased risk (OR: 7.068; 95% CI: 3.34-14.95; P<0.001). We also identified a synergic interaction (epistasis) between GSTT1 and CYP2E1 associated with an increased risk for ATDH. A meaningful gene-environment interaction was associated with an increased risk of ATDH [testing balance accuracy=0.675 (P=0.001) and cross-validation consistency=10/10]. CONCLUSION ATDH is a severe and prevalent adverse drug reaction and leads to drug discontinuation in 11% of TB patients. Our study created a prediction model that properly classified the 67.5% of TB patients in their risk of developing ATDH. The considerable number of TB patients in our country supports the use of pharmacogenetic testing and a comprehensive clinical history to identify patients with a high risk of suffering hepatotoxicity.
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Caradonna F, Cruciata I, Schifano I, La Rosa C, Naselli F, Chiarelli R, Perrone A, Gentile C. Methylation of cytokines gene promoters in IL-1β-treated human intestinal epithelial cells. Inflamm Res 2017; 67:327-337. [PMID: 29256007 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-017-1124-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN Epigenetic regulation is important in the activation of inflammatory cells. In the present study, we evaluated if DNA-methylation variations are involved in Interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced intestinal epithelial cells activation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Differentiated Caco-2 cells were exposed to IL-1β or to 5-azadeoxycytidine (5-azadC) for 24 or 48 h. Genome-wide methylation status was evaluated, while DNA methylation status at the promoter region of the gene encoding interleukin-6, 8 and 10 (IL-6, 8 and 10) was estimated. The levels of the corresponding gene products as well as DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) quantity were assessed. RESULTS IL-1β decreased genomic methylation of human intestinal epithelial cells and induced demethylation at cg-specific sites at the promoter of pro-inflammatory genes IL6 and IL8; conversely it did not change the methylation of the IL10 promoter. IL-1β also increased the release of IL-6 and IL-8 but did not change the IL-10 expression. Finally, cell exposure to IL-1β decreased the DNMT3b expression, increased DNMT3a and was not able to change DNMT1 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a potential role of IL-1β as modulator of DNA methylation in activated differentiated Caco-2 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Caradonna
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF, Sezione di Biologia cellulare), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ilenia Cruciata
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF, Sezione di Biologia cellulare), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ilaria Schifano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF, Sezione di Biologia cellulare), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara La Rosa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF, Sezione di Biologia cellulare), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Flores Naselli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF, Sezione di Biologia cellulare), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Chiarelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF, Sezione di Biologia cellulare), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Perrone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF, Sezione di Biologia cellulare), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carla Gentile
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF, Sezione di Biologia cellulare), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
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Caradonna F, Mauro M. Role of the antioxidant defence system and telomerase in arsenic-induced genomic instability. Mutagenesis 2016; 31:661-667. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gew034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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12
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Mauro M, Catanzaro I, Naselli F, Sciandrello G, Caradonna F. Abnormal mitotic spindle assembly and cytokinesis induced by D-Limonene in cultured mammalian cells. Mutagenesis 2013; 28:631-5. [PMID: 23913329 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/get040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
D-Limonene is found widely in citrus and many other plant species; it is a major constituent of many essential oils and is used as a solvent for commercial purposes. With the discovery of its chemotherapeutic properties against cancer, it is important to investigate the biological effects of the exposure to D-Limonene and elucidate its, as yet unknown, mechanism of action. We reported here that D-Limonene is toxic in V79 Chinese hamster cells in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, to determine the cellular target of D-Limonene, we performed morphological observations and immunocytochemical analysis and we showed that this drug has a direct effect on dividing cells preventing assembly of mitotic spindle microtubules. This affects both chromosome segregation and cytokinesis, resulting in aneuploidy that in turn can lead to cell death or genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Mauro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche ( STEBICEF, sezione di Biologia Cellulare) Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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Liu Y, Gao F, Jiang H, Niu L, Bi Y, Young CY, Yuan H, Lou H. Induction of DNA damage and ATF3 by retigeric acid B, a novel topoisomerase II inhibitor, promotes apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2013; 337:66-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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14
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Wu X, Yalowich JC, Hasinoff BB. Cadmium is a catalytic inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase II. J Inorg Biochem 2011; 105:833-8. [PMID: 21497582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd(2+)) is a highly toxic and carcinogenic metal that is an environmental and occupational hazard. DNA topoisomerase II is an essential nuclear enzyme and its inhibition can result in the formation of genotoxic and recombinogenic DNA double strand breaks. In this study we showed that cadmium chloride strongly inhibited the DNA decatenation activity of human topoisomerase IIα in the low micromolar concentration range and that its inhibitory effects were reduced by glutathione. Because the activity of topoisomerase II is strongly inhibited by thiol-reactive compounds this result suggested that cadmium may be binding to critical topoisomerase II cysteine thiols. Cadmium, however, did not stabilize DNA-topoisomerase II covalent complexes, as measured by the lack of formation of DNA double strand breaks. Hence, it is not likely to be a topoisomerase II poison. Consistent with the idea that cadmium cytotoxicity may be modulated by glutathione levels, buthionine sulfoximine pretreatment to decrease glutathione levels resulted in a greatly increased cadmium-induced cytotoxicity in K562 cells. The results of this study suggest that cadmium may exert some of its cell growth inhibitory, and possibly its toxicity and carcinogenicity, by inhibiting topoisomerase IIα through reaction with critical cysteine thiols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Apotex Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Xue X, Qu XJ, Gao ZH, Sun CC, Liu HP, Zhao CR, Cheng YN, Lou HX. Riccardin D, a novel macrocyclic bisbibenzyl, induces apoptosis of human leukemia cells by targeting DNA topoisomerase II. Invest New Drugs 2010; 30:212-22. [PMID: 20924640 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-010-9554-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effect of riccardin D, a macrocyclic bisbibenzyl, which was isolated from the Chinese liverwort plant, on human leukemia cells and the underlying molecular mechanism. Riccardin D had a significant antiproliferative effect on human leukemia cell lines HL-60, K562 and its multidrug resistant (MDR) counterpart K562/A02 cells, but showed no effect on the topoisomerase-II-deficient HL-60/MX2 cells, as measured by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The pBR322 DNA relaxation assay revealed that riccardin D selectively inhibited the activity of topoisomerase II (topo II). The suppression of topo II activity by riccardin D was stronger than that of etoposide, a known topo II inhibitor. After treatment with riccardin D, nuclear extracts of leukemia K562 and K562/A02 cells left the majority of pBR322 DNA in a supercoiled form. Further examination showed that riccardin D effectively induced HL-60, K562 and K562/A02 apoptosis as evidenced by externalization of phosphatidylserine and formation of DNA ladder fragments. The activation of cytochrome c, caspase-9, caspase-3 and cleaved poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) was also enhanced, as estimated by Western blot analysis. By contrast, riccardin D was unable to induce apoptosis in the topoisomerase-II-deficient HL-60/MX2 cells, indicating that the induction of apoptosis by riccardin D was due to the inhibition of topo II activity. In addition, riccardin D was able to significantly decrease P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression in K562/A02 cells. Taken together, our data demonstrate that riccardin D is a novel DNA topo II inhibitor which can induce apoptosis of human leukemia cells and that it has therapeutic potential for both regular and MDR strains of leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
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