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Khalid A, Yi W, Yoo S, Abbas S, Si J, Hou X, Hou J. Single-chirality of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) through chromatography and its potential biological applications. NEW J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj04056e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Gel chromatography is used to separate single-chirality and selective-diameter SWCNTs. We also explore the use of photothermal therapy and biosensor applications based on single-chirality, selected-diameter, and unique geometric shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Khalid
- Key Laboratory for Information Photonic Technology of Shaanxi & Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronics Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Wenhui Yi
- Key Laboratory for Information Photonic Technology of Shaanxi & Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronics Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Sweejiang Yoo
- Key Laboratory for Information Photonic Technology of Shaanxi & Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronics Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Shakeel Abbas
- Key Laboratory for Information Photonic Technology of Shaanxi & Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronics Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Jinhai Si
- Key Laboratory for Information Photonic Technology of Shaanxi & Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronics Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Xun Hou
- Key Laboratory for Information Photonic Technology of Shaanxi & Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronics Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Jin Hou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
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Hu B, Cheng Z, Liang S. Advantages and prospects of stem cells in nanotoxicology. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132861. [PMID: 34774913 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials have been widely used in many fields, especially in biomedical and stem cell therapy. However, the potential risks associated with nanomaterials applications are also gradually increasing. Therefore, effective and robust toxicology models are critical to evaluate the developmental toxicity of nanomaterials. The development of stem cell research provides a new idea of developmental toxicology. Recently, many researchers actively investigated the effects of nanomaterials with different sizes and surface modifications on various stem cells (such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), adult stem cells, etc.) to study the toxic effects and toxic mechanisms. In this review, we summarized the effects of nanomaterials on the proliferation and differentiation of ESCs, mesenchymal stem cells and neural stem cells. Moreover, we discussed the advantages of stem cells in nanotoxicology compared with other cell lines. Finally, combined with the latest research methods and new molecular mechanisms, we analyzed the application of stem cells in nanotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830017, China.
| | - Zhanwen Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shengxian Liang
- Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
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Pan L, Lee YM, Lim TK, Lin Q, Xu X. Quantitative Proteomics Study Reveals Changes in the Molecular Landscape of Human Embryonic Stem Cells with Impaired Stem Cell Differentiation upon Exposure to Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1800190. [PMID: 29741810 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201800190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The increasing number of nanoparticles (NPs) being used in various industries has led to growing concerns of potential hazards that NP exposure can incur on human health. However, its global effects on humans and the underlying mechanisms are not systemically studied. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), with the ability to differentiate to any cell types, provide a unique system to assess cellular, developmental, and functional toxicity in vitro within a single system highly relevant to human physiology. Here, the quantitative proteomics approach is adopted to evaluate the molecular consequences of titanium dioxide NPs (TiO2 NPs) exposure in hESCs. The study identifies ≈328 unique proteins significantly affected by TiO2 NPs exposure. Proteomics analysis highlights that TiO2 NPs can induce DNA damage, elevated oxidative stress, apoptotic responses, and cellular differentiation. Furthermore, in vivo analysis demonstrates remarkable reduction in the ability of hESCs in teratoma formation after TiO2 NPs exposure, suggesting impaired pluripotency. Subsequently, it is found that TiO2 NPs can disrupt hESC mesoderm differentiation into cardiomyocytes. The study unveils comprehensive changes in the molecular landscape of hESCs by TiO2 NPs and identifies the impact which TiO2 NPs can have on the pluripotency and differentiation properties of human stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Pan
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Chengzhi Building, Xiang'an Campus, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361100, P. R. China
| | - Yew Mun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Teck Kwang Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Qingsong Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Xiuqin Xu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Chengzhi Building, Xiang'an Campus, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361100, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518000, P. R. China
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4
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Fröhlich E. Role of omics techniques in the toxicity testing of nanoparticles. J Nanobiotechnology 2017; 15:84. [PMID: 29157261 PMCID: PMC5697164 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-017-0320-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is regarded as a key technology of the twenty-first century. Despite the many advantages of nanotechnology it is also known that engineered nanoparticles (NPs) may cause adverse health effects in humans. Reports on toxic effects of NPs relay mainly on conventional (phenotypic) testing but studies of changes in epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome induced by NPs have also been performed. NPs most relevant for human exposure in consumer, health and food products are metal, metal oxide and carbon-based NPs. They were also studied quite frequently with omics technologies and an overview of the study results can serve to answer the question if screening for established targets of nanotoxicity (e.g. cell death, proliferation, oxidative stress, and inflammation) is sufficient or if omics techniques are needed to reveal new targets. Regulated pathways identified by omics techniques were confirmed by phenotypic assays performed in the same study and comparison of particle types and cells by the same group indicated a more cell/organ-specific than particle specific regulation pattern. Between different studies moderate overlap of the regulated pathways was observed and cell-specific regulation is less obvious. The lack of standardization in particle exposure, in omics technologies, difficulties to translate mechanistic data to phenotypes and comparison with human in vivo data currently limit the use of these technologies in the prediction of toxic effects by NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Fröhlich
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstr. 24, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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5
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Nath Roy D, Goswami R, Pal A. Nanomaterial and toxicity: what can proteomics tell us about the nanotoxicology? Xenobiotica 2016; 47:632-643. [PMID: 27414072 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2016.1205762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
1. In the last few years, a substantial scientific work is focused to identify the potential toxicity of nanomaterials by studying the cellular pathways under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Owing to high surface area to volume ratio nanoparticles (NPs) can pass through cell membranes which might be responsible for creating adverse interactions in biological systems. Simultaneously, researchers are also interested to assess the fate of NP inside the living system, which may lead to altered protein expression as well as protein corona formation. 2. According to published reports, NP-mediated toxicity involves altered cellular system including cell morphology, cell differentiation, cell metabolism, cell mobility, cellular immunity, which is derived from the side effects of nanoformulation and leading to apoptosis and necrosis. These results indicate the existence of potential toxic effect of these particles to human health. 3. The advent of proteomics with sophisticated technical improvement coupled with advanced bioinformatics has led to identify altered proteins due to nanomaterial exposure that could provide a new avenue to biomarker discovery. 4. This review aims to provide the current status of safe production and use of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dijendra Nath Roy
- a Department of Bioengineering , National Institute of Technology , Agartala , Tripura , India
| | - Ritobrata Goswami
- b Division of Biological & Life Sciences , School of Arts & Sciences, Ahmedabad University , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India , and
| | - Ayantika Pal
- c Department of Human Physiology , Tripura University , Suryamaninagar , Tripura , India
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6
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Proteomic approach to nanotoxicity. J Proteomics 2016; 137:35-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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7
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Srivastava V, Gusain D, Sharma YC. Critical Review on the Toxicity of Some Widely Used Engineered Nanoparticles. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b01610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry,
Green Chemistry and Renewable Energy Laboratories, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Deepak Gusain
- Department of Chemistry,
Green Chemistry and Renewable Energy Laboratories, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Yogesh Chandra Sharma
- Department of Chemistry,
Green Chemistry and Renewable Energy Laboratories, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, India
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Yang S, Hao J, Guo X, Huang H, Cui R, Lin G, Li C, Dong J, Sun B. Eu3+:Y2O3@CNTs—a rare earth filled carbon nanotube nanomaterial with low toxicity and good photoluminescence properties. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14456b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
New fluorescent nanomaterials—europium-doped yttria filled CNTs with low toxicity and good photoluminescence properties were synthesized using a supercritical method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangyuan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Science (CAS)
- Beijing 100049
- China
| | - Jian Hao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Science (CAS)
- Beijing 100049
- China
| | - Xihong Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Science (CAS)
- Beijing 100049
- China
| | - Huan Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Science (CAS)
- Beijing 100049
- China
| | - Rongli Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Science (CAS)
- Beijing 100049
- China
| | - Guoming Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Science (CAS)
- Beijing 100049
- China
| | - Cheng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Science (CAS)
- Beijing 100049
- China
| | - Jinquan Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Science (CAS)
- Beijing 100049
- China
| | - Baoyun Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Science (CAS)
- Beijing 100049
- China
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Mu Q, Jiang G, Chen L, Zhou H, Fourches D, Tropsha A, Yan B. Chemical basis of interactions between engineered nanoparticles and biological systems. Chem Rev 2014; 114:7740-81. [PMID: 24927254 PMCID: PMC4578874 DOI: 10.1021/cr400295a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Mu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China, 250100
- Present address: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 66047
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Lingxin Chen
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China, 250100
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, U.S.A
| | | | - Alexander Tropsha
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
| | - Bing Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China, 250100
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Zhang J, Sun Q, Bo J, Huang R, Zhang M, Xia Z, Ju L, Xiang G. Single-walled carbon nanohorn (SWNH) aggregates inhibited proliferation of human liver cell lines and promoted apoptosis, especially for hepatoma cell lines. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:759-73. [PMID: 24523586 PMCID: PMC3921087 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s56353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanohorns (SWNHs) may be useful as carriers for anticancer drugs due to their particular structure. However, the interactions between the material itself and cancerous or normal cells have seldom been studied. To address this problem, the effects of raw SWNH material on the biological functions of human liver cell lines were studied. Our results showed that unmodified SWNHs inhibited mitotic entry, growth, and proliferation of human liver cell lines and promoted their apoptosis, especially in hepatoma cell lines. Individual spherical SWNH particles were found inside the nuclei of human hepatoma HepG2 cells and the lysosomes of normal human liver L02 cells, implying that SWNH particles could penetrate into human liver cells_and the different interacted mechanisms on human normal cell lines compared to hepatoma cell lines. Further research on the mechanisms and application in treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with SWNHs is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqian Zhang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Bo
- Department of Hematology, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengran Zhang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenglin Xia
- Department of General Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Ju
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Center of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoan Xiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Li L, Zhang J, Yang Y, Wang Q, Gao L, Yang Y, Chang T, Zhang X, Xiang G, Cao Y, Shi Z, Zhao M, Gao G. Single-wall carbon nanohorns inhibited activation of microglia induced by lipopolysaccharide through blocking of Sirt3. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2013; 8:100. [PMID: 23432919 PMCID: PMC3598862 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-8-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Single-wall carbon nanohorns (SWNHs) have been demonstrated to accumulate in cytotoxic levels within organs of various animal models and cell types, which emerge as a wide range of promising biomedical imaging. Septic encephalopathy (SE) is an early sign of sepsis and associated with an increased rate of morbidity and mortality. Microglia activation plays an important role in neuroinflammation, which contributes to neuronal damage. Inhibition of microglia activation may have therapeutic benefits, which can alleviate the progression of neurodegeneration. Therefore, we investigated the functional changes of mice microglia cell lines pre-treated with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced by SWNHs. To address this question, the research about direct role of SWNHs on the growth, proliferation, and apoptosis of microglia cell lines in mice (N9 and BV2) pre-treated with or without LPS had been performed. Our results indicate that the particle diameter of SWNHs in water is between 342 to 712 nm. The images in scanning electron microscope showed that SWNHs on polystyrene surface are individual particles. LPS induced activation of mice microglia, promoted its growth and proliferation, and inhibited its apoptosis. SWNHs inhibited proliferation, delayed mitotic entry, and promoted apoptosis of mice microglia cells. The effects followed gradually increasing cultured time and concentrations of SWNHs, especially in cells pre-treated with LPS. SWNHs induced a significantly increase in G1 phase and inhibition of S phase of mice microglia cells in a dose-manner dependent of SWNHs, especially in cells pre-treated with LPS. The transmission electron microscope images showed that individual spherical SWNH particles smaller than 100 nm in diameters were localized inside lysosomes of mice microglia cells. SWNHs inhibited mitotic entry, growth and proliferation of mice microglia cells, and promoted its apoptosis, especially in cells pre-treated with LPS. SWNHs inhibited expression of Sirt3 and energy metabolism related with Sirt3 in mice microglia cells in a dose-dependent manner, especially in cells pre-treated with LPS. The role of SWNHs on mice microglia was implicating Sirt3 and energy metabolism associated with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710038, Xi’an, China
| | - Jinqian Zhang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100015, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710038, Xi’an, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710038, Xi’an, China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710038, Xi’an, China
| | - Yanlong Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710038, Xi’an, China
| | - Tao Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710038, Xi’an, China
| | - Xingye Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710038, Xi’an, China
| | - Guoan Xiang
- Department of General Surgery, the Second People’s Hospital of Guangdong Province, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongmei Cao
- International Mongolian Medical Hospital of Inner Mongolia, 010065, Hohhot, China
| | - Zujin Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Guodong Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710038, Xi’an, China
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Yokel RA, Au TC, MacPhail R, Hardas SS, Butterfield DA, Sultana R, Goodman M, Tseng MT, Dan M, Haghnazar H, Unrine JM, Graham UM, Wu P, Grulke EA. Distribution, Elimination, and Biopersistence to 90 Days of a Systemically Introduced 30 nm Ceria-Engineered Nanomaterial in Rats. Toxicol Sci 2012; 127:256-68. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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