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Guo Q, Zhao M, Wang Q, Lu T, Luo P, Chen L, Xia F, Pang H, Shen S, Cheng G, Dai C, Meng Y, Zhong T, Qiu C, Wang J. Glycyrrhetinic acid inhibits non-small cell lung cancer via promotion of Prdx6- and caspase-3-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116304. [PMID: 38401519 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) shows great efficiency against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the detailed mechanism is unclear, which has limited its clinical application. Herein, we investigated the potential targets of GA against NSCLC by activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) technology and the combination of histopathology and proteomics validation. In vitro and in vivo results indicated GA significantly inhibited NSCLC via promotion of peroxiredoxin-6 (Prdx6) and caspase-3 (Casp3)-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis. This original finding will provide theoretical and data support to improve the treatment of NSCLC with the application of GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Minghong Zhao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No. 23, Qingnian Road, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Qixin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Tianming Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Piao Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Fei Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Huanhuan Pang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Shengnan Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Guangqing Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chuanhao Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yuqing Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Tianyu Zhong
- First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No. 23, Qingnian Road, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China.
| | - Chong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Jigang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital; First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology; Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, China.
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Cheng Y, Zhong X, Nie X, Gu H, Wu X, Li R, Wu Y, Lv K, Leung GPH, Fu C, Lee SMY, Zhang J, Li J. Glycyrrhetinic acid suppresses breast cancer metastasis by inhibiting M2-like macrophage polarization via activating JNK1/2 signaling. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 114:154757. [PMID: 37011418 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer metastasis is leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have been considered as potential targets for treating breast cancer metastasis because they promote tumor growth and development. Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) is one of the most important phytochemicals of licorice which has shown promising anti-cancer efficacies in pre-clinical trials. However, the regulatory effect of GA on the polarization of TAMs remains elusive. PURPOSE To investigate the role of GA in regulating the polarization of M2 macrophages and inhibiting breast cancer metastasis, and to further explore its underlying mechanisms of action. STUDY DESIGN IL-4 / IL-13-treated RAW 264.7 and THP-1 cells were used as the M2-polarized macrophages in vitro. A 4T1 mouse breast cancer model and the tail vein breast cancer metastasis model were applied to study the effect of GA on breast cancer growth and metastasis in vivo. RESULTS In vitro studies showed that GA significantly inhibited IL-4 / IL 13-induced M2-like polarization in RAW 264.7 and THP-1 macrophages without affecting M1-like polarization. GA strongly decreased the expression of M2 macrophage markers CD206 and Arg-1, and reduced the levels of the pro-angiogenic molecules VEGF, MMP9, MMP2 and IL-10 in M2 macrophages. GA also increased the phosphorylation of JNK1/2 in M2 macrophages. Moreover, GA significantly suppressed M2 macrophage-induced cell proliferation and migration in 4T1 cancer cells and HUVECs. Interestingly, the inhibitory effects of GA on M2 macrophages were abolished by a JNK inhibitor. Animal studies showed that GA significantly suppressed tumor growth, angiogenesis, and lung metastasis in BALB/c mice bearing breast tumor. In tumor tissues, GA reduced the number of M2 macrophages but elevated the proportion of M1 macrophages, accompanied by activation of JNK signaling. Similar results were found in the tail vein breast cancer metastasis model. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated for the first time that GA could effectively suppress breast cancer growth and metastasis by inhibiting macrophage M2 polarization via activating JNK1/2 signaling. These findings indicate that GA could be served as the lead compound for the future development of anti-breast cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuemei Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Huan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Renkai Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yihan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Kongpeng Lv
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - George Pak-Heng Leung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chaomei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jingjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Fakhri S, Moradi SZ, Nouri Z, Cao H, Wang H, Khan H, Xiao J. Modulation of integrin receptor by polyphenols: Downstream Nrf2-Keap1/ARE and associated cross-talk mediators in cardiovascular diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1592-1616. [PMID: 36073725 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2118226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
As a group of heterodimeric and transmembrane glycoproteins, integrin receptors are widely expressed in various cell types overall the body. During cardiovascular dysfunction, integrin receptors apply inhibitory effects on the antioxidative pathways, including nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-Kelch like ECH Associated Protein 1 (Keap1)/antioxidant response element (ARE) and interconnected mediators. As such, dysregulation in integrin signaling pathways influences several aspects of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as heart failure, arrhythmia, angina, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, platelet aggregation and coagulation. So, modulation of integrin pathway could trigger the downstream antioxidant pathways toward cardioprotection. Regarding the involvement of multiple aforementioned mediators in the pathogenesis of CVDs, as well as the side effects of conventional drugs, seeking for novel alternative drugs is of great importance. Accordingly, the plant kingdom could pave the road in the treatment of CVDs. Of natural entities, polyphenols are multi-target and accessible phytochemicals with promising potency and low levels of toxicity. The present study aims at providing the cardioprotective roles of integrin receptors and downstream antioxidant pathways in heart failure, arrhythmia, angina, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, platelet aggregation and coagulation. The potential role of polyphenols has been also revealed in targeting the aforementioned dysregulated signaling mediators in those CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyed Zachariah Moradi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zeinab Nouri
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Ourense, Spain
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Ourense, Spain
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Jain R, Hussein MA, Pierce S, Martens C, Shahagadkar P, Munirathinam G. Oncopreventive and oncotherapeutic potential of licorice triterpenoid compound glycyrrhizin and its derivatives: Molecular insights. Pharmacol Res 2022; 178:106138. [PMID: 35192957 PMCID: PMC8857760 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) is a well-known natural herb used to treat different ailments since ancient times. Glycyrrhizin (GL), which is the primary triterpenoid compound of licorice extract, has been known to have broad-spectrum pharmacological effects. GL is cleaved into glucuronide and the aglycone, glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), which exists in two stereoisomeric forms: 18α- and 18β-GA. It is well documented that GL and GA have great potential as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective agents. Studies undertaken during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic suggest that GL is effective at inhibiting the viral replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The anticancer effects of GL and GA involve modulating various signaling pathways, such as the phosphatase and tensin homolog/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway, the mitogen-activated protein kinase, and the mammalian target of rapamycin/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, which are mainly involved in regulating cancer cell death, oxidative stress, and inflammation. The potential of GL and GA in preventing cancer development and suppressing the growth and invasion of different cancer types has been reviewed in this paper. This review also provides molecular insights on the mechanism of action for the oncopreventive and oncotherapeutic effects of GL and its derivative, GA, which could help develop more specific forms of these agents for clinical use.
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Chen B, Zhu D, Xie C, Shi Y, Ni L, Zhang H, Li S, Lu J, Xiao J, Xia W, Huang C, Wang X. 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid inhibits IL-1β-induced inflammatory response in mouse chondrocytes and prevents osteoarthritic progression by activating Nrf2. Food Funct 2021; 12:8399-8410. [PMID: 34369548 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01379c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is presently the most prevalent form of chronic degenerative joint disease, which is characterized by erosion of articular cartilage, subchondral bone sclerosis and synovitis. Accumulating evidence has revealed that 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (18β-GA), a major bioactive component derived from Glycyrrhiza glabra, exerts anti-inflammatory effects on several diseases. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of 18β-GA on OA remain undetermined. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of 18β-GA on chondrocytes and the therapeutic effects on destabilization of the medial meniscus destabilization (DMM) mouse models of OA. For the in vivo study, we randomly divided the mice into three groups: vehicle control (n = 15), sham (n = 15) and 18β-GA (n = 15) groups, and treated them with similar doses (50 mg kg-1 day-1) of 18β-GA or saline. Cartilage tissues were harvested from the mice for histological analyses eight weeks after operation. For the in vitro studies, mouse chondrocytes were administered with 10 ng mL-1 interleukin-1β (IL-1β) after being treated with 18β-GA at various concentrations. In vitro assays revealed that treatment with 18β-GA considerably suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines, including prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nitric oxide (NO), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), which were induced by IL-1β. Furthermore, 18β-GA decreased the expression of matrix-degrading proteases, including matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) and A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5 (ADAMTS-5), in a concentration-dependent manner, which mediated extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. 18β-GA reversed aggrecan and type II collagen degradation. Furthermore, we observed that 18β-GA significantly suppressed IL-1β-induced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation by activating the nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) pathway in vitro and in vivo. Experiments demonstrated that 18β-GA might alleviate the progression of OA in the DMM mouse model in vivo. The findings demonstrate that 18β-GA reduces inflammation induced by IL-1β in chondrocytes. Therefore, 18β-GA could be a potential therapeutic agent for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boda Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China. .,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dingchao Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China. .,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chenglong Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China. .,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China. .,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China
| | - Libin Ni
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China. .,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China. .,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China
| | - Sunlong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China. .,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiajie Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China. .,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China. .,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weiyi Xia
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China. .,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chongan Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China. .,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China. .,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China
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Han J, Su GH, Wang YH, Lu YX, Zhao HL, Shuai XX. 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid Improves Cardiac Diastolic Function by Attenuating Intracellular Calcium Overload. Curr Med Sci 2020; 40:654-661. [PMID: 32862375 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2232-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ranolazine, a late sodium current inhibitor, has been demonstrated to be effective on heart failure. 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (18β-GA) has the similar inhibitory effect on late sodium currents. However, its effect on diastolic function is still unknown. This study aimed to determine whether 18β-GA can improve the diastolic function and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Eighty male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats of Langendorff model were randomly divided into the following groups: group A, normal cardiac perfusion group; group B, ischemia-reperfusion group; group C, ischemia-reperfusion with anemoniasulcata toxin II (ATX-II); group D, ranolazine group; and group E, 18β-GA group with four different concentrations. Furthermore, a pressure-overloaded rat model induced by trans-aortic constriction (TAC) was established. Echocardiography and hemodynamics were used to evaluate diastolic function at 14th day after TAC. Changes of free intracellular calcium (Ca2+) concentration was indirectly detected by laser scanning confocal microscope to confirm the inhibition of late sodium currents. With the intervention of ATX-II on ischemia reperfusion injury group, 5 µmol/L ranolazine, and 5, 10, 20, 40 µmol/L 18β-GA could improve ATX-II-induced cardiac diastolic dysfunction. 630 mg/kg glycyrrhizin tablets could improve cardiac diastolic function in the pressure-overloaded rats. 18β-GA and ranolazine had similar effects on reducing the free calcium in cardiomyocytes. The study demonstrates that 18β-GA and glycyrrhizin could improve diastolic dysfunction induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury in Langendorff-perfused rat hearts and pressure-overloaded rats. The mechanism may be attributed to the inhibition of enhanced late sodium currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Han
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430033, China
| | - Guan-Hua Su
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yu-Hui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yong-Xin Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hong-Liang Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xin-Xin Shuai
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Transcriptional suppression of androgen receptor by 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:433-448. [PMID: 32219716 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01228-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) plays a pivotal role as a target for amplification/mutation in pathogenesis and tumor progression in prostate, and thus, controlling AR activity or expression might be a feasible therapeutic approach for the treatment of prostate cancer. Here, we report the novel mechanisms by which 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) targets AR to stimulate cell death in both hormone-responsive and -refractory prostate cancer cells. We found that miR-488, a tumor suppressive microRNA, was markedly induced by GA treatment, resulting in the down-regulation of AR expression and inhibition of cellular responses mediated by androgens. Moreover, GA not only suppressed the expression of androgen target genes (TMPRSS2, PSA, and NKX3.1), but also enhanced the suppressive effect of anti-androgens (bicalutamide and flutamide) on LNCaP cell growth. Our data further provides evidence that down-regulation of AR expression by GA may occur through transcriptional suppression at AR promoter region between - 1014 and - 829. Ectopic expression of SFR and E2F3α reversed the inhibitory effect of GA on AR promoter activity as well as protein expression, suggesting that GA may target transcription factors SRF and E2F3α to regulate AR expression. Taken together, our study provides new insights on AR regulation and GA as a potential therapeutic candidate for human prostate cancer.
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Kaczyński T, Miskiewicz A, Górski B, Radkowski M, Strzemecki D, Kryczka T, Górska R. The influence of glycyrrhetinic acid (enoxolone) toothpaste on periodontal treatment outcomes and salivary levels of IL-8, TNF-α, IL-17, MCP-1 and VEGF in patients with chronic periodontitis. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2018. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0012.8133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the influence of glycyrrhetinic acid (enoxolone) toothpaste on the results of scaling and root planing as well as salivary levels of IL-8, TNF-α, IL-17, MCP-1 and VEGF in patients with chronic periodontitis. Clinical parameters and biomarkers of periodontitis were assessed longitudinally to determine response to the therapy. A 3-month case-controlled study of adults with chronic periodontitis was performed, with 18 patients receiving scaling and root planing and enoxlone toothpaste (group A) and 18 with scaling and root planing with regular toothpaste (group B). Clinical measurements of periodontal disease were recorded and saliva samples were collected at week 0 and 12. Samples were analyzed for immune markers: Interleukin-8 (IL-8), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin-17 (IL-17), Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein -1 (MCP-1) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). All parameters of periodontal health improved significantly in both groups by week 12 (p<0.01) with no significant differences between groups. However, improvements in group A were greater than in group B. IL-8, TNF-α, IL-17, MCP-1 and VEGF levels decreased significantly from baseline (p<0.01) in group A only. Salivary levels of IL-8, TNF-α, IL-17, MCP-1 and VEGF seem to reflect disease severity and response to therapy, suggesting their potential utility for monitoring periodontal disease status. Greater improvements of periodontal parameters and significant reduction of salivary biomarkers’ levels suggest potential benefits of glycyrrhetinic acid toothpaste in periodontal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kaczyński
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Miskiewicz
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Górski
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Radkowski
- Department of Immunopathology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Strzemecki
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kryczka
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Renata Górska
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Chen J, Zhang ZQ, Song J, Liu QM, Wang C, Huang Z, Chu L, Liang HF, Zhang BX, Chen XP. 18β-Glycyrrhetinic-acid-mediated unfolded protein response induces autophagy and apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9365. [PMID: 29921924 PMCID: PMC6008326 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27142-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) is the active ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicine, Glycyrrhrzae Radix et Rhizoma. Here, we explored the effects of GA on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vitro and in vivo and the underlying molecular mechanisms. We confirmed that GA suppressed proliferation of various HCC cell lines. Treatment of GA caused G0/G1 arrest, apoptosis and autophagy in HCC cells. GA-induced apoptosis and autophagy were mainly due to the unfolded protein response. We compared the roles of the ATF4/CHOP and IRE1α/XBP1s UPR pathways, which were both induced by GA. The ATF4/CHOP cascade induced autophagy and was indispensable for the induction of apoptosis in GA-treated HCC cells. In contrast, the IRE1α/XBP1s cascade protected HCC cells from apoptosis in vitro and in vivo induced by GA. Despite this, activation of autophagy protected HCC cells from apoptosis induced by GA. We concluded that pharmacological inhibition of autophagy or IRE1α may be of benefit to enhance the antitumor activity of GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhao-Qi Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jia Song
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiu-Meng Liu
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhao Huang
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liang Chu
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hui-Fang Liang
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Bi-Xiang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Xiao-Ping Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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10
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Kuk H, Arnold C, Wagner AH, Hecker M, Sticht C, Korff T. Glycyrrhetinic Acid Antagonizes Pressure-Induced Venous Remodeling in Mice. Front Physiol 2018; 9:320. [PMID: 29670539 PMCID: PMC5893715 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of spider veins is caused by the remodeling of veins located in the upper dermis and promoted by risk factors such as obesity or pregnancy that chronically increase venous pressure. We have repeatedly shown that the pressure-induced increase in biomechanical wall stress is sufficient to evoke the formation of enlarged corkscrew-like superficial veins in mice. Subsequent experimental approaches revealed that interference with endothelial- and/or smooth muscle cell (SMC) activation counteracts this remodeling process. Here, we investigate whether the herbal agent glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) is a suitable candidate for that purpose given its anti-proliferative as well as anti-oxidative properties. While basic abilities of cultured venous SMCs such as migration and proliferation were not influenced by GA, it inhibited proliferation but not angiogenic sprouting of human venous endothelial cells (ECs). Further analyses of biomechanically stimulated ECs revealed that GA inhibits the DNA binding capacity of the mechanosensitive transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1) which, however, had only a minor impact on the endothelial transcriptome. Nevertheless, by decreasing gelatinase activity in ECs or mouse veins exposed to biomechanical stress, GA diminished a crucial cellular response in the context of venous remodeling. In line with the observed inhibitory effects, local transdermal application of GA attenuated pressure-mediated enlargement of veins in the mouse auricle. In summary, our data identifies GA as an inhibitor of EC proliferation, gelatinase activity and venous remodeling. It may thus have the capacity to attenuate spider vein formation and remodeling in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Kuk
- Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Caroline Arnold
- Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas H Wagner
- Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Medical Clinic V, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Korff
- Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Medical Faculty Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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Graebin CS. The Pharmacological Activities of Glycyrrhizinic Acid (“Glycyrrhizin”) and Glycyrrhetinic Acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [PMCID: PMC7123798 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27027-2_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Salvador JA, Leal AS, Valdeira AS, Gonçalves BM, Alho DP, Figueiredo SA, Silvestre SM, Mendes VI. Oleanane-, ursane-, and quinone methide friedelane-type triterpenoid derivatives: Recent advances in cancer treatment. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 142:95-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Cai H, Chen X, Zhang J, Wang J. 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid inhibits migration and invasion of human gastric cancer cells via the ROS/PKC-α/ERK pathway. J Nat Med 2017; 72:252-259. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-017-1145-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Lefranc F, Tabanca N, Kiss R. Assessing the anticancer effects associated with food products and/or nutraceuticals using in vitro and in vivo preclinical development-related pharmacological tests. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 46:14-32. [PMID: 28602819 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This review is part of a special issue entitled "Role of dietary pattern, foods, nutrients and nutraceuticals in supporting cancer prevention and treatment" and describes a pharmacological strategy to determine the potential contribution of food-related components as anticancer agents against established cancer. Therefore, this review does not relate to chemoprevention, which is analysed in several other reviews in the current special issue, but rather focuses on the following: i) the biological events that currently represent barriers against the treatment of certain types of cancers, primarily metastatic cancers; ii) the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological pre-clinical tests that can be used to analyse the potential anticancer effects of food-related components; and iii) several examples of food-related components with anticancer effects. This review does not represent a catalogue-based listing of food-related components with more or less anticancer activity. By contrast, this review proposes an original pharmacological strategy that researchers can use to analyse the potential anticancer activity of any food-related component-e.g., by considering the crucial characteristics of cancer biological aggressiveness. This review also highlights that cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy should restrict the use of "food complements" without supervision by a medical nutritionist. By contrast, an equilibrated diet that includes the food-related components listed herein would be beneficial for cancer patients who are not undergoing chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Lefranc
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Nurhayat Tabanca
- U.S Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station,13601 Old Cutler Rd., Miami, FL 33158, USA.
| | - Robert Kiss
- Retired-formerly at the Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique (FRS-FNRS, Brussels, Belgium), 5 rue d'Egmont, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
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Kim SH, Hong JH, Lee JE, Lee YC. 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid, the major bioactive component of Glycyrrhizae Radix, attenuates airway inflammation by modulating Th2 cytokines, GATA-3, STAT6, and Foxp3 transcription factors in an asthmatic mouse model. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 52:99-113. [PMID: 28410469 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid (18Gly), the major bioactive component of Glycyrrhizae Radix, possesses anti-ulcerative, anti-inflammatory, and other pharmacological properties. Although 18Gly is associated with immunoregulatory functions of allergic diseases, the pathophysiological mechanisms of 18Gly action in allergic inflammatory lung disease have not been examined. Moreover, there are no in vivo studies on the anti-asthmatic effects of 18Gly in allergic asthma. We investigated its effect and mechanism of action in airway inflammation in a BALB/c mouse model of allergic asthma. Interestingly, 18Gly strongly suppressed airway hyperresponsiveness, accumulation of inflammatory cells, and levels of T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines (interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). It also attenuated lung IL-5, IL-13, and IL-4 expression, but it upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) mRNA expression in lungs. Moreover, it exerted immunomodulatory effects by suppressing Th2 cytokines (IL-5, IL-13) production through upregulation of forkhead box p3 (Foxp3), and downregulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT6), GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA-3), and retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γ t (RORγt) expression. These results suggest that the anti-asthmatic activity of 18Gly may occur by the suppression of IL-5, IL-13, and OVA-specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE) production through inhibition of the RORγt, STAT6, GATA-3 pathways and upregulation of the Foxp3 transcription pathway. Also, 18Gly treatment was protective against the oxidative stress by inducing significant decrease of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in MH-S alveolar macrophage cells. Our results suggest that 18Gly can improve allergic asthma and can be a novel therapeutic component for the treatment of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyung Kim
- Institute of Traditional Medicine & Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon 300-716, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Hong
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju 220-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Lee
- Institute of Traditional Medicine & Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon 300-716, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Cheol Lee
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju 220-702, Republic of Korea.
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The effects of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid and glycyrrhizin on intestinal absorption of paeoniflorin using the everted rat gut sac model. J Nat Med 2016; 71:198-207. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-016-1049-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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Tang ZH, Zhang LL, Li T, Lu JH, Ma DL, Leung CH, Chen XP, Jiang HL, Wang YT, Lu JJ. Glycyrrhetinic acid induces cytoprotective autophagy via the inositol-requiring enzyme 1α-c-Jun N-terminal kinase cascade in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:43911-26. [PMID: 26549806 PMCID: PMC4791276 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycerrhetinic acid (GA), one of the main bioactive constituents of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, exerts anti-cancer effects on various cancer cells. We confirmed that GA inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer A549 and NCI-H1299 cells. GA also induced expression of autophagy marker phosphatidylethanolamine-modified microtubule-associated protein light-chain 3 (LC3-II) and punta formation of green fluorescent protein microtubule-associated protein light-chain 3. We further proved that expression of GA-increased autophagy marker was attributed to activation instead of suppression of autophagic flux. The c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway was activated after incubation with GA. Pretreatment with the JNK inhibitor SP600125 or silencing of the JNK pathway by siRNA of JNK or c-jun decreased GA-induced autophagy. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress responses were also apparently stimulated by GA by triggering the inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) pathway. The GA-induced JNK pathway activation and autophagy were decreased by IRE1α knockdown, and inhibition of autophagy or the JNK cascade increased GA-stimulated IRE1α expression. In addition, GA-induced cell proliferative inhibition and apoptosis were increased by inhibition of autophagy or the JNK pathway. Our study was the first to demonstrate that GA induces cytoprotective autophagy in non-small cell lung cancer cells by activating the IRE1α-JNK/c-jun pathway. The combined treatment of autophagy inhibitors markedly enhances the anti-neoplasmic activity of GA. Such combination shows potential as a strategy for GA or GA-contained prescriptions in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Hai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Le-Le Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jia-Hong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Hu-Lin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jin-Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
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18
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Lee SI, Bae JA, Ko YS, Lee KI, Kim H, Kim KK. Geijigajakyak decoction inhibits the motility and tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:288. [PMID: 27527352 PMCID: PMC4986256 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1281-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Recent studies report that inflammatory diseases of the large intestine are associated with colorectal cancer. Geijigajakyak Decoction (GJD) has antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory effects on the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, in light of the connection between chronic bowel inflammation and colorectal cancer (CRC), we asked whether GJD inhibits colorectal tumorigenesis. Methods The effects of GJD on the viability and proliferation of CRC cells were evaluated using MTT and BrdU assays, respectively. The motility of CRC cells was examined by a Transwell migration/invasion assay and immunoblot analysis was used to examine the signaling pathways associated with migration. A syngeneic Balb/c mice allograft model, in which CT26 cells were injected into the dorsum, was used to evaluate the anti-tumor effects of GJD in vivo. Results GJD had no cytotoxic effects against HCT116 CRC cells, although it did inhibit their proliferation. GJD inhibited the migration of HCT116 cells, and suppressed the invasion of HCT116, Caco2, and CSC221 CRC cells. In addition, GJD downregulated the expression of p-JNK and p-p38 MAPK, which are downstream signaling molecules associated with invasiveness. Furthermore, oral administration of GJD (333 mg/kg, twice a day) inhibited tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model. Conclusions GJD inhibited the motility of human CRC cells and suppressed tumorigenesis in a mouse model. These results suggest that GJD warrants further study as a potential adjuvant anti-cancer therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1281-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Huang YC, Kuo CL, Lu KW, Lin JJ, Yang JL, Wu RSC, Wu PP, Chung JG. 18α-Glycyrrhetinic Acid Induces Apoptosis of HL-60 Human Leukemia Cells through Caspases- and Mitochondria-Dependent Signaling Pathways. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21070872. [PMID: 27376261 PMCID: PMC6273602 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we investigate the molecular mechanisms of caspases and mitochondria in the extrinsic and intrinsic signal apoptosis pathways in human leukemia HL-60 cells after in vitro exposure to 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid (18α-GA). Cells were exposed to 18α-GA at various concentrations for various time periods and were harvested for flow cytometry total viable cell and apoptotic cell death measurements. Cells treated with 18α-GA significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 100 μM at 48 h. The cell growth inhibition resulted in induction of apoptosis and decreased the mitochondria membrane potential (ΔΨm) and increased caspase-8, -9 and -3 activities. Furthermore, cytochrome c and AIF were released from mitochondria, as shown by western blotting and confirmed by confocal laser microscopy. Western blotting showed that 18α-GA increased the levels of pro-apoptotic proteins such as Bax and Bid and decreased the anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl, furthermore, results also showed that 18α-GA increased Fas and Fas-L which are associated with surface death receptor in HL-60 cells. Based on those observations, the present study supports the hypothesis that 18α-GA-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells involves the activation of the both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chang Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Chao-Lin Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Kung-Wen Lu
- College of Chinese Medicine, School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Jen-Jyh Lin
- Division of Cardiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Jiun-Long Yang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Rick Sai-Chuen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Department of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Ping-Ping Wu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
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LIU XIAOJU, BAO HAIRONG, ZENG XIAOLI, WEI JUNMING. Effects of resveratrol and genistein on nuclear factor‑κB, tumor necrosis factor‑α and matrix metalloproteinase‑9 in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:4266-72. [PMID: 27035424 PMCID: PMC4838123 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic airway inflammation and airway remodeling are the major pathophysiological characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Resveratrol and genistein have been previously demonstrated to have anti‑inflammatory and antioxidative properties. The present study aimed to measure the inhibitory effects of resveratrol and genistein on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‑9 concentration in patients with COPD. Lymphocytes were isolated from the blood of 34 patients with COPD and 30 healthy subjects, then randomly divided into the following four treatment groups: Control, dexamethasone (0.5 µmol/l), resveratrol (12.5 µmol/l) and genistein (25 µmol/l) groups. After 1 h of treatment, 100 µl lymphocytes were collected for nuclear factor (NF)‑κB immunocytochemical staining. After 48 h treatment, the supernatant of the lymphocytes was collected for analysis of TNF‑α and MMP‑9 concentration levels. The percentage of lymphocytes with positive nuclear NF‑κB expression was analyzed by immunocytochemical staining. The concentration levels of TNF‑α and MMP‑9 were measured using radioimmunoassay and enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The present study demonstrated that the percentage of NF‑κB‑positive cells, and the levels of TNF‑α and MMP‑9 in lymphocytes from patients with COPD patients were significantly higher compared with healthy subjects. Additionally, there were positive correlations between the percentage of NF‑κB‑positive cells, and the concentration levels of TNF‑α and MMP‑9 in patients with COPD. All three factors were significantly reduced in lymphocytes treated with resveratrol and genistein, and the inhibitory effects of resveratrol on NF‑κB, TNF‑α and MMP‑9 were more potent than the effects of genistein. In conclusion, resveratrol and genistein may inhibit the NF‑κB, TNF‑α and MMP‑9‑associated pathways in patients with COPD. It is suggested that resveratrol and genistein may be potential drugs candidates for use in the treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- XIAO-JU LIU
- Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - HAI-RONG BAO
- Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - XIAO-LI ZENG
- Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - JUN-MING WEI
- Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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The Protective Effects of 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid on Helicobacter pylori-Infected Gastric Mucosa in Mongolian Gerbils. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:4943793. [PMID: 27006947 PMCID: PMC4783533 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4943793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid (GRA), a major component of Glycyrrhiza glabra, is widely used therapeutically in clinic. In this study, the effect of GRA on Helicobacter pylori- (H. pylori-) infected gastritis was investigated in Mongolian gerbils in vivo. The gerbils were randomly divided into groups: uninfected; H. pylori-infected; H. pylori + antibiotics (clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and esomeprazole); and H. pylori + GRA. The gastric intraluminal pH value, histopathological changes, and the expression levels of inflammation-related cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS) were investigated. The results showed that, in the H. pylori + GRA group, the intraluminal gastric pH value was lower (2.14 ± 0.08 versus 3.17 ± 0.23, P < 0.05), erosion and hyperplasia were alleviated, the infiltration of neutrophils and mononuclear cells was attenuated (P < 0.05), and the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2, and iNOS were decreased (P < 0.05) compared with the H. pylori-infected group. There was no significant difference in results between the H. pylori + GRA group and the H. pylori + antibiotics group. This study indicated that GRA significantly attenuated H. pylori-infected gastritis in gerbils and has the potential to be developed as a new therapeutic drug.
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Song H, Sun Y, Xu G, Hou B, Ao G. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel hydrogen sulfide releasing glycyrrhetic acid derivatives. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:1457-63. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2016.1144596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Song
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China and
| | - Yinxing Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China and
| | - Guanglin Xu
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingbo Hou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China and
| | - Guizhen Ao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China and
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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Graebin CS. The Pharmacological Activities of Glycyrrhizinic Acid (“Glycyrrhizin”) and Glycyrrhetinic Acid. REFERENCE SERIES IN PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-26478-3_15-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Hao G, Zheng J, Huo R, Li J, Wen K, Zhang Y, Liang G. Smilax glabra Roxb targets Aktp-Thr308 and inhibits Akt-mediated signaling pathways in SGC7901 cells. J Drug Target 2015; 24:557-65. [PMID: 26607178 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2015.1113540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhi Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Graduate Training Base of General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Liaoning Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Department of Outpatient, The 463rd Hospital of PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning, China, and
| | - Rentao Huo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Graduate Training Base of General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Liaoning Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jingchen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Kai Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Graduate Training Base of General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Liaoning Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yinsong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Graduate Training Base of General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Liaoning Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Guobiao Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Hagiwara K, Gailhouste L, Yasukawa K, Kosaka N, Ochiya T. A robust screening method for dietary agents that activate tumour-suppressor microRNAs. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14697. [PMID: 26423775 PMCID: PMC4589759 DOI: 10.1038/srep14697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain dietary agents, such as natural products, have been reported to show anti-cancer effects. However, the underlying mechanisms of these substances in human cancer remain unclear. We recently found that resveratrol exerts an anti-cancer effect by upregulating tumour-suppressor microRNAs (miRNAs). In the current study, we aimed to identify new dietary products that have the ability to activate tumour-suppressor miRNAs and that therefore may serve as novel tools for the prevention and treatment of human cancers. We describe the generation and use of an original screening system based on a luciferase-based reporter vector for monitoring miR-200c tumour-suppressor activity. By screening a library containing 139 natural substances, three natural compounds — enoxolone, magnolol and palmatine chloride — were identified as being capable of inducing miR-200c expression in breast cancer cells at 10 μM. Moreover, these molecules suppressed the invasiveness of breast cancer cells in vitro. Next, we identified a molecular pathway by which the increased expression of miR-200c induced by natural substances led to ZEB1 inhibition and E-cadherin induction. These results indicate that our method is a valuable tool for a fast identification of natural molecules that exhibit tumour-suppressor activity in human cancer through miRNA activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Hagiwara
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Luc Gailhouste
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Ken Yasukawa
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.,Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Kosaka
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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Novel cancer chemotherapy hits by molecular topology: dual Akt and Beta-catenin inhibitors. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124244. [PMID: 25910265 PMCID: PMC4409212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Colorectal and prostate cancers are two of the most common types and cause of a high rate of deaths worldwide. Therefore, any strategy to stop or at least slacken the development and progression of malignant cells is an important therapeutic choice. The aim of the present work is the identification of novel cancer chemotherapy agents. Nowadays, many different drug discovery approaches are available, but this paper focuses on Molecular Topology, which has already demonstrated its extraordinary efficacy in this field, particularly in the identification of new hit and lead compounds against cancer. This methodology uses the graph theoretical formalism to numerically characterize molecular structures through the so called topological indices. Once obtained a specific framework, it allows the construction of complex mathematical models that can be used to predict physical, chemical or biological properties of compounds. In addition, Molecular Topology is highly efficient in selecting and designing new hit and lead drugs. According to the aforementioned, Molecular Topology has been applied here for the construction of specific Akt/mTOR and β-catenin inhibition mathematical models in order to identify and select novel antitumor agents. Experimental Approach Based on the results obtained by the selected mathematical models, six novel potential inhibitors of the Akt/mTOR and β-catenin pathways were identified. These compounds were then tested in vitro to confirm their biological activity. Conclusion and Implications Five of the selected compounds, CAS n° 256378-54-8 (Inhibitor n°1), 663203-38-1 (Inhibitor n°2), 247079-73-8 (Inhibitor n°3), 689769-86-6 (Inhibitor n°4) and 431925-096 (Inhibitor n°6) gave positive responses and resulted to be active for Akt/mTOR and/or β-catenin inhibition. This study confirms once again the Molecular Topology’s reliability and efficacy to find out novel drugs in the field of cancer.
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Feng X, Ding L, Qiu F. Potential drug interactions associated with glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid. Drug Metab Rev 2015; 47:229-38. [PMID: 25825801 DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2015.1029634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycyrrhizin (GZ), the main active component of licorice, is a widely used therapeutic in the clinic. Depending on the disease, the treatment may involve a long course of high dose GZ. Another component of licorice, glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), is the main active metabolite of GZ and is thought to be responsible for the majority of the pharmacological properties of GZ. Therefore, GZ and GA are both used for therapeutic purposes. In addition, GZ and GA are also widely used to sweeten and flavor foods. Due to this widespread, multifaceted use of these substances, potential drug interactions with GZ and GA have recently gained attention. Along these lines, this review covers the known effects of GZ and GA on drug-metabolizing enzymes and efflux transporters. We conclude that both GZ and GA may have an effect on the activity of CYPs. For example, GZ may induce CYP3A activity through activation of PXR. Also, GZ and GA may affect glucuronidation in rats and humans. Furthermore, 18β-GA is a potent inhibitor of P-gp, while GZ and GA are inhibitors of MRP1, MRP2 and BCRP. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of many medications may be altered when used concurrently with GZ or GA, which is also covered in this review. Overall, GZ, GA or related products should be taken with caution when taken with additional medications due to the possible drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchi Feng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Tianjin , China and
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The protective effect of 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid against UV irradiation induced photoaging in mice. Exp Gerontol 2014; 61:147-55. [PMID: 25498537 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
It has been confirmed that repeated exposure of skin to ultraviolet (UV) radiation results in cutaneous oxidative stress and inflammation, which act in concert to cause premature skin aging, well known as photoaging. 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), widely used to treat various tissue inflammations, is the main active component of licorice root, and has also been shown to possess favorable anti-oxidative property and modulating immunity function. In the present study, we investigated the potential protective effect of GA on UV-induced skin photoaging in a mouse model. During the experimental period of ten consecutive weeks, the dorsal depilated skin of mice was treated with topical GA for 2 hours prior to UV irradiation. The results showed that GA pretreatment significantly alleviated the macroscopic and histopathological damages in mice skin caused by UV. Meanwhile, the data also indicated that GA markedly up-regulated the activities of the antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GSH-Px), and increased the content of skin collagen, while obviously decreased malonaldehyde level and inhibited high expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and -3 (MMP-3), as well as down-regulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10. Taken together, these findings amply demonstrate that GA observably attenuates UV-induced skin photoaging mainly by virtue of its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as regulating the abnormal expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3.
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